Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesure de champs thermique'
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Claudet, Bernard. "Métrologie par interférométrie holographique de champs thermiques aux interfaces de matériaux soumis à un choc thermique." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0216.
Full textCharbal, Ali. "Mesure de champs thermomécaniques pour l'étude de la fatigue par chocs thermiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN007/document.
Full textThermal fatigue occurs in nuclear power plant pipes. The temperature variations are due to the turbulent mixing of fluids that have different temperatures. Many experimental setups have been designed but the measured temperatures have only been punctual and out of the zone of interest (e.g., via thermocouples). The equivalent strain variation in the crack initiation region is calculated with numerical thermomechanical simulations. In many cases, the comparisons between numerical and experimental results have shown that the crack initiation predictions in thermal fatigue are non-conservative. A new testing setup is proposed where thermal shocks are applied with a pulsed laser beam while the thermal and kinematic fields on the specimen surface are measured with infrared (IR) and visible cameras, respectively. Experimental testings are performed and different measurement techniques for temperature and kinematic fields are used. IR camera and pyrometers allow to measure the temperature variations in the zone impacted by the laser beam. To estimate the absolute temperature, the surface emissivities at the respective wavelengths are determined by different methods. The absolute temperature field is then used to apply the actual thermal loading in a decoupled FE model after an identification process of the parameters of the laser beam. Once the thermal loading is generated based upon the experimental data, the stress and strain fields can be computed in the region of interest with an elastoplastic law.The experimental strain variations calculated from the DIC measurements are compared with the predictions obtained with the FE simulation
Maynadier, Anne. "Couplages thermomécaniques dans les alliages à mémoire de forme : mesure de champs cinématique et thermique et modélisation multiéchelle." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044998.
Full textSamaca, Martinez José Ricardo. "Analyse thermomécanique du comportement cyclique des élastomères par mesure de champs." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023976.
Full textBerté, Emmanuel. "Mesure de champs thermiques de surface par thermographie bichromatique en situation de frottement haute énergie." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0033/document.
Full textIn highly dissipative contacts, the energy dissipated by friction leads to severe thermal loads which could have bad consequences on performances, on friction parts durability, on the environment or on human health. Therefore, knowledge of sliding surfaces thermal fields is a first-rate issue. Due to the lack of knowledge about the emissivity of those surfaces, which change both spatially and temporally during friction, measuring thermal fields is difficult. The work done concerned the development of thermal fields measurement by bispectral thermography, which allows to get simultaneously surface emissivity and temperature. The difficulties reside in the spatial and temporal images registration of two infrared cameras, in the camera flows calibration and in the spectral emissivity variation. The technique developed was applied to the in situ fields measurement of temperature and emissivity of a brake disc during braking. It was then used for analysis of thermal locations induced by friction and their interactions with the tribological circus, leveraging the knowledge of the spatial and temporal evolution of the emissivity
Bouirdene, Abdelaâziz. "Les fours thermiques micro-ondes." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT001H.
Full textMaynadier, Anne. "Couplage thermomécanique dans les Alliages à Mémoire de Forme : mesure de champs cinématiques et thermiques et modélisation multiéchelle." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798800.
Full textKledy, Michel. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure des champs de vitesse et de température liquide en écoulement diphasique bouillant en conditions réacteurs ou simulantes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI035.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the comprehension of high pressure boiling flows relative to PWR.The first part exposes a two-dimensional unsteady state model in order to predict the development of a boiling flow in a circular pipe. The local mixture balanced equations are used with a relaxation model to close the vapor production rate (local homogeneous relaxation model). The results obtained from the comparison with the data bank DEBORA reveal a good qualitative agreement. Nerveless, the model is currently unable to correctly describe radial transports of turbulence and vapor fraction from the heated wall to the center of the pipe.The second part deals with the use of hot wire anemometry in experimental loop DEBORA to provide radial distributions of mean liquid velocity, mean liquid temperature and void fraction in a boiling flow. Classical hot wire probes are used (DANTEC@ hot film and hot wire probes) and are driven at different overheats using a constant current anemometer. Some measurements are first performed in single phase heated flows. Then, a phase identification procedure is developed, and some boiling flow measurements are obtained and compared with the model
Belrhiti, Younès. "Etude de matériaux réfractaires à comportement mécanique non linéaire par mesure de champs de déformations." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0128/document.
Full textThe present thesis aimed to apply digital image correlation (DIC) used for kinematic fields’ measurements as a support for the experimental characterization of refractory materials with specific non-linear behaviour. Model and industrial materials with different degrees of flexibility were studied. The first type of materials was a single phase model flexible aluminium titanate material (AT VF) developed for academic purposes by improving the grain growth. Its non-linear mechanical behaviour was obtained thanks to the thermal expansion mismatch of its grains according to the different crystallographic axis. The second one is multi-phased magnesia based industrial materials, whose flexibility is less accentuated, and for which the non-linear mechanical behaviour is obtained thanks to the thermal expansion coefficients mismatch between spinel aggregates and magnesia matrix. In order to apply the optical methods on these materials which exhibit lower strain-to-rupture, it was necessary to optimize the accuracy of these techniques by improving experimental conditions.In the case of AT VF, DIC and mark tracking method have been applied on four-points bending test at room temperature to underline the material asymmetric mechanical behaviour which induces a significant shift of the neutral fibre and to evaluate the relative displacement of rolls. The application of DIC has been extended to other experimental testing method such as Brazilian and Wedge Splitting test using the multi-phased magnesia based materials. This highlighted fracture mechanisms (crack occurrence and propagation) and the presence of crack branching phenomenon promoted thanks to an initial micro-cracks network voluntary introduced by thermal expansion mismatch between the different phases so as to improve their thermal shock resistance. From displacement experimentally obtained by DIC, a finite element method updating (FEMU-U) has been developed to determine material properties
Velazquez, Salazar Amanda. "Mesure de charge d'espace par la méthode (F)LIMM : vers une caractérisation sous contrainte électrique DC externe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30051/document.
Full textSolid dielectrics are basic elements of most insulations used in devices or systems in electrical engineering or in power electronics. Mainly due to current trends in downsizing, these insulations being subjected to increasing stresses (electrical, mechanical or thermal) may degrade and age dielectrically. This may lead to failure and breakdown, which have to be addressed. More specifically, the global charge store inside the dielectric and generally called space charge is directly linked to these degradation processes. It is therefore necessary to analyze this space charge behavior when the material is at the same time stressed under conditions close to those of the real environment of use. Among many existing techniques, the (F)LIMM is a thermal wave method dedicated to the space charge analysis of thin dielectric films (with a thickness from 5µm to 50µm), with a possibility of 3-D cartographies when the beam is focused onto the sample under study. Its first characterizations were related to the determination of the space charge distribution in thin films that were first submitted to an external DC field and next analyzed in a volt-off way (no voltage applied). This off-line procedure remained the only way of space charge investigations for quite a while. New developments became necessary in order to provide answers to the industry for which a characterization close to the actual conditions of use was lacking. For this purpose, an on-line version of the conventional (F)LIMM set-up was developed. It allows a measurement of the (F)LIMM current when simultaneously a DC bias field is applied to the sample. This development presents, apart from allowing an in-situ and on-line analysis, another important advantage, namely the possibility for assessing or calibrating the temperature profile. In this work, the experimental modifications made to the measuring test rig are first detailed and validated. Then, the calibration procedure of the thermal model developed is explained and tested. As a consequence, the possibility of simulating the (F)LIMM currents is possible and shows a very good agreement with the experimental registered ones. Finally, some applications to PEN and PP polymer thin films are described and results got prove the efficiency of these new developments for space charge on-line investigation
Bodelot, Laurence. "Étude couplée des champs cinématiques et thermiques à l'échelle de la microstructure des matériaux métalliques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347987.
Full textL'objectif de ces travaux est donc de développer les moyens expérimentaux nécessaires à la réalisation de telles analyses mécaniques et énergétiques à l'échelle microstructurale. Pour accéder simultanément aux informations cinématiques et thermiques à l'échelle la plus fine possible actuellement, celle des grains d'un polycristal, des mesures de champs de température par thermographie infrarouge et de champs de déformation par corrélation d'images numériques sont donc mises en œuvre au sein d'un dispositif original de couplage des deux techniques. Ce dispositif permet alors une étude simultanée des champs de température et de déformation d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 316L sous sollicitations uniaxiales monotones et cycliques.
Larass, Nikos. "Caractérisation expérimentale des champs thermiques et dynamiques de la combustion dans une chaudière domestique modèle." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES004.
Full textYe, Jing. "Utilisation de mesures de champs thermique et cinématique pour la reconstruction de sources de chaleur thermomécaniques par inversion de l’équation d’advection-diffusion 1D." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0027/document.
Full textThis work concerns the way intrinsic observables can be produced, which are related to the thermomechanical behavior of materials and necessary for better formulation of state laws. These observables are Thermomechanical Heat Sources (THS) which are activated through mechanical excitation. These sources can be reconstructed both in space and time by the inversion of measured temperature fields obtained through IR thermography. We develop two main methods in this work which rely on spectral reduced approaches (one of them being the decomposition on Branch Modes) and both on a sequential inversion (Beck’s method) and an iterative one (Conjugated Gradient). Regarding the latter, we suggest to combine the standard approach with an efficient regularization method which comes from the filtering techniques based on TSVD. As we are concerned with materials which can be subjected to plastic instabilities (High Density PolyEthylene) for which local velocities of matter displacement can be non negligible, the inversion of the measurements must be performed with the advection-diffusion operator of heat transfer. It is then necessary to obtained additional knowledge: the velocity field. This one is measured by 3D Digital Image Correlation and we detail the experimental work we have carried out, which are based on tensile tests monitored with video-extensometry. We show that for quasi-static tests at relatively high strain rates, the advective effects are generally negligible. We also show the richness of the information brought by this dual thermomechanical (heat sources) and kinematical (strain-rates, velocities) information. It allows for a better understanding of the plastic instability (necking) dynamics. Lastly, we criticize the obtained results on THS reconstruction by the confrontation between the two algorithms and by a physical analysis of the observed phenomena
Daviot, Ronan. "Etude des champs de flux thermique sur les composants faisant face au plasma dans un tokamak à partir de mesures de température par thermographie infrarouge." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534809.
Full textMartinni, Ramos de Oliveira Henrique. "Etude des couplages thermomécaniques dans des fils super-élastiques nanostructurés nickel-titane." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI069/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is an experimental study of the thermomechanical superelastic behaviour of a Ti-50.9Ni at.% Ni Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) nanocrystalline thin wire (diameter 0.5 mm), in a Cold Worked (CW) state. SMAs are capable of inducing important temperature change when they are mechanically loaded. This phenomenon is due to an important thermomechanical coupling present in this solid phase transformation between Austenite (A) and Martensite (M) phases. The latent heat per unit of mass (∆H) throughout the phase transformation is the energy responsible of this temperature variation. The determination of ∆H is generally performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). However, for nanocrystalline SMAs, the obtained DSC results are non conclusive on the determination of this property.In this work, a method using digital image correlation (DIC) and thermal field measurements (TFM) was used to analyse the thermomechanical couplings during a stress induced phase transformation (SIPT). Kinematics and thermal full fields were acquired during superelastic tensile tests performed on the CW NiTi wire submitted to different heat treatments temperatures (HTT) ranging from 523 to 598 K during 30 min. Such a heat treatment at low temperature promoted a fully superelastic loop without stress plateau and no Lüders-like deformation. Assuming a uniform thermal model, the heat sources involved during the cyclic loading were estimated. This thermal power per unit of mass was compared to the mechanical one and integrated over the time to get energy balance. Further, through a thermodynamic analysis based on the Gibbs free energy, the values of ∆H, as well as the martensite fraction, were estimated during the forward A-M and reverse M-A phase transformations. The analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: (1) Thermal and mechanical powers and energies presented a significant dependence on the HTT. (2) Despite the strong effect of the values of the HTT on mechanical and thermal responses, the obtained ∆H were very close for all HTT and in the same range of values founded in the literature for a fully annealed Ti-50.9Ni at.% Ni alloy tested via DSC technique. (3) For a given strain, martensite fraction increases with increasing HTT. (4) For an imposed strain of 4.5%, the martensite fraction increases from 30% to 40% when increasing HTT from 523K to 598K
Rotaru, Aurelian. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'effet de la pression et de la taille sur des composés bistables : comportement thermique et étude de la relaxation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0004.
Full textThe main aim of this work is the study of the pressure and the size effect on the hysteretic properties of the spin transition compounds (CTS). Our work was split in four main directions. The first part relates to the development of the “atom-phonon coupling” model, in order to be able to describe the various processes which take place within the spin transition solids, such as: the LIESST effect, the Light Induced Thermal Hysteresis (LITH), the relaxation process, pressure and size effect. The second part was dedicated to the study of the effect of an external pressure on the hysteretic properties of the CTS. By using the FORC diagram method we studied the effect of an applied pressure on the characteristic physical parameters of the CTS. This study was carefully completed by the study of the pressure effect on the inter-domains interactions, by the study of the minor cycles obtained between two fixed temperatures, at different pressures. Always in this section, we elucidated the nature of the pressure-induced crystallographic phase of the [Fe(PM-BiA)2(NCS)2] spin crossover compound. The third part is devoted to the study of the effect of the counter-anions in the [Fe(NH2trz)3]Anion•nH2O 1D spin crossover compound, where a method to evaluate the internal pressure induced by the anions of different sizes has been proposed. Finally, in the fourth part, we studied the size effect on the nanoparticle systems of [Fe(NH2-trz)3](Br)2. 3H2O. 0. 03(surfactant) (NH2-trz =4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Surfactant = Lauropal) spin crossover compound. Here we propose a novel method which makes it possible to find the dependence of the hysteresis loop width upon the size of the system
Wang, Yanjun. "Fatigue Thermique à grand nombre de cycles d’un acier inoxydable austénitique : apport des mesures de champs pour l’identification du chargement et le suivi in-situ de l’endommagement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN037/document.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the study of thermal fatigue damage of AISI 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel, a candidate material to make the primary cooling system of Sodium-cooled Fast Reators (SFRs). Initiation and propagation of crack networks can be induced by locally constrained thermal expansions or contractions of the component surface subjected to repeated thermal shocks of turbulent coolants.A campaign of high cycle thermal fatigue tests on AISI 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel has been carried out with the FLASH facility. Full field measurements have been performed to capture thermomechanical fields of monitored surfaces in thermal fatigue tests. An original procedure based on hybrid multiview correlation (HMC) uses images acquired by two visible light cameras and one infrared camera. With such a system, Lagrangian temperature fields can be measured and experimental strain or displacement fields can be used to calibrate Finite Element analyses to reproduce the thermomechanical cyclic response of the material in the region of interest. One additional benefit of the spatiotemporal synchronization of the HMC system is that the entire fatigued region has been monitored in-situ during the whole test, without interruptions, which enables crack initiation and propagation to be tracked thanks to the different modalities of the three cameras
Boulzazen, Habib. "Contribution au développement d'un moyen d'essais CEM utilisant une Chambre Réverbérante à Brassage de Modes. Conception et Intégration d'une Enceinte Thermo-régulée pour Essais Multiphysiques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632372.
Full textChang, Xuyang. "Mesure et modélisation multiéchelle du comportement thermomécanique des alliages à mémoire de forme sous sollicitation mécanique multiaxiale." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN009.
Full textSince their discovery, shape memory alloys (SMA) have experienced an increasing development of their industrial application (e.g medical implants, aerospace) in relation to their remarkable mechanical properties (memory effect and pseudo-elasticity). The martensitic transformation is at the heart of these properties, this type of transformation being able to be induced by a thermal loading, mechanical loading, pr a coupled thermomechanical loading (magnetic shape memory alloys are exceptions since for these alloys the magnetic loading is a third source of transformation: they will not be treated in this work). One of the major obstacles to a much more general use of these materials is a lack of robust constitutive model. Indeed, the behavior that is expected is a non-linear and generally dissipative behavior in a thermomechanical multiaxial framework. Multiscale approaches, using a set o f internal variables and potentials written at an appropriate scale can meet this challenge, with of course, the implementation of appropriate localisation and homogenization procedures. The model developed in this thesis, with a stochastic approach for the computation of the variants volume fractions (this approach can be applied to any SMA), allows a generalization of the reversible multi-scale model developed in the PhD of Anne Maynadier (2012) to an irreversible framework. An experimental test campaign was carried out in parallel with the development of the model, making it possible to identify ins intrinsic parameters and to validate it via a large number of numerical simulations. The material retained is a pseudo-elastic equiatomic NiTi. In this context, an in-situ test bench and a completely innovative identification procedure have been developed. the test bench makes it possible to combine the kinematic field measurements by digital images correlation (DIC) and phase field measurement by X-ray diffraction (XRD) simultaneously, during a uniaxial tensile test first, then during proportional and non proportional multiaxial loading tests. The kinematic field allows a continuous description of the localization phenomenon in transformation bands to be obtained; the implementation of a spatial-angular proper order decomposition (POD) method allows a robust identification of the coherent phase field with the kinematic field, and highlights interfaces and variant selection phenomena until now never reported in the literature. This multi-field comparison provides a better understanding of the band localisation phenomenon and suggest a potential track for developing a relevant structure model
Koubaa, Taoufik. "Métrologie thermique en vue de la régulation d'un four de tirage de monocristaux d'AsGa." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10135.
Full textBaczkowski, Lény. "Modélisation et caractérisation thermique de transistors de puissance hyperfréquence GaN et conséquences sur la fiabilité de modules radars d’émission/réception en bande X." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10135/document.
Full textThis document deals with the thermal modeling, the thermal characterization and the reliability of the GH25 power transistors for X band applications. The performances and the reliability are linked to the self-heating inside the component. An accurate temperature assessment in real operating conditions is therefore required. For these reasons, a dedicated in-house thermal model has been developed using a parameterized tool to extract the maximum temperature of the transistor. The simulation results have been compared with the temperature measurements in the vicinity of the hotspot. These measurements have been performed using IR thermography, thermoreflectance and Raman spectroscopy to validate the thermal models accuracy in DC, pulsed and for the first time, in CW operating conditions. A new formula based on the real thermal behavior of the transistor has been defined to improve the reliability rate calculation in Radar mode using the FIDES methodology
Borel, Stéphanie. "Étude du comportement de la neige déposée sur une chaussée : caractérisation de l'interface neige/chaussée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10029.
Full textLagarde, Quentin. "Caractérisation des perturbations d'usinage vers une optimisation du procédé et la mise en oeuvre d'une surveillance de l'usure d'outil dans le cas du TA6V." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0003.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis aims at improving productivity when manufacturing TA6V parts. Knowledge and control of the milling process for this titanium alloy are a key challenge particularly for medium size companies like SOFOP who try to answer the increasing aeronautical parts market demand. The first section is focused on machinability criteria which are discussed through several scales. Then, following the couple tool-material method, working zones of two tools are determined in order to achieve productivity improvements. This results, obtained through laboratory tests have been faced with their industrial application and showed the strong links between milling paths and tool life. Influence of cutting speed and radial engagement has been investigated with a specifically developed experimental bench, equipped with a thermal camera. Indeed, the rst parameter is often considered as an adjustment variable for tool life during the validation phase and the other one is deeply linked with tool path. Temperature fields and tool wear have been correlated thanks to SEM and EDX images. Given the fact that the phenomenological study is not able to weight the impact of the tool path on tool life, a statistical approach hase been adopted. Based on cutting power signal collection, correlations have been established between signal features and tool life and led to the proposal of a verified experimental model allowing to consider two industrial applications : a tool life prediction method during the industrialization phase and an online tool life monitoring approach
Honorat, Vincent. "Analyse thermomécanique par mesure de champs des élastomères." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20197.
Full textPottier, Thomas. "Identification paramétrique par recalage de modèles d'éléments finis couplée à des mesures de champs cinématiques et thermiques." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS033.
Full textMaterial constitutive parameters are usuaily identified from standard tests exhibiting homogeneous strain states. However, recent improvements in inverse identification methods call upon the use of heterogeneous tests. The purpose of the present work is to develop an inverse identification procedu based on the Finite Element Updating method. Kinematic and thermal full-fields measurements are thus captured from increasingly heterogeneous tes and provide the input data of the identification process. Miscellaneous planar tests with commercially pure titanium have been led and a new non plana experimental test has been designed and set up. This latter allows the identification of tensile, shear and expansion behaviours from a single test led on basic tensile device. Digital image Correlation along with Stereo image Correlation is used for measurement purpose. Comparisons are made between measured data and data retrieved from a numerical model of the experiment. An optimization algorithm is used to update the constitutive parameters of the finite element model. The number of identified parameters varies with the involved constitutive model: orthotropic elasticity, then anisotropic plasticity. Several validations protocols have highlight the advantages of using heterogeneous rather than homogeneous tests. Moreover it has been shown that the choice of the elastic model (isotopic or orthotropic) has a major influence on the plastic identification. Finally, a mixed kinematic and thermal approach has been developed. Mechanical constitutive parameters are identified and used to assess the body heat sources of the sample. Four evolutionary models of the inelastic heat fraction have been identified by this mean
Rojo, Amandine. "Etude de la structuration et du comportement de matériaux à base de gypse sous condition incendie." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880650.
Full textSahnoune, Hamid. "Mesure de la conductivite thermique d'une zeolithe supportee." Paris, ENSAM, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENAM0011.
Full textSahnoune, Hamid. "Mesure de la conductivité thermique d'une zéolithe supportée." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376183877.
Full textDiarra, Alimata. "Mesures de propriétés thermiques des métaux par procédé électromagnétique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI019/document.
Full textThe metal industry is requesting essential thermophysical properties for modeling and optimizing elaboration processes.Thermophysical properties of metals and metal alloys in liquid state are well known. These properties depend on the temperature and are difficult to measure especially at high temperature. In the liquid state, the metal is reactive and easily contaminated .In the 1980s, Egry developed an electromagnetic levitator TEMPUS developed an electromagnetic levitator TEMPUS to measure thermophysical properties of molten metals and alloys using a contactless technique under microgravity conditions. In space, the effects of electromagnetic stirring and deformation in molten samples are much lower than on Earth.The use of this space tool is expensive. In order to reduce the cost while maintaining or even improving the quality of measurements, we wanted to replace microgravity by a continuous magnetic field.The work in this thesis includes measuring the thermal properties of metals by electromagnetic method using a modulated calorimetry technique.The work has been divided in two parts:-The first consisted in the numerical simulation of space levitator TEMPUS and a terrestrial levitator AEXAM.The numerical simulation of space levitator TEMPUS aims to determine the effect of the superposition currents of different induction frequencies (heating currents and centering) on the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the drop. Calculation results showed that in some cases the centering current is likely to act on the measures and therefore it should be taking into account.The numerical simulation of terrestrial levitator AEXAM was destined to determine the vertical oscillation frequency of the drop, the power dissipated, the velocity fields developed inside and temperature. The drop takes the form of a pear and oscillates at a frequency of 7 Hz. The Joule power dissipated in the load is maximum on the lower part of the drop and decreases towards the interior of the drop vanishing at the center. Convection in the drop creates an electromagnetic stirring and homogenizing the temperature field.-The second part present the experiments performed using the levitator AEXAM placed in a horizontal continuous magnetic field for dampening the vertical oscillation and the turbulence produced by the effect of the electromagnetic stirring as it was mentioned in the calculations.This allowed us the implementation of a new protocol for measuring thermal properties in liquid metals.The protocol is a post processing program based on the temperature field variation resulting from unsteady joule power dissipation in the charge. An implemented identification function provides a mathematical model based on performed measurements. The use of a wide range of system frequencies was required to obtain a robust mathematical model. This was achieved by using pseudo-white noise perturbation at the generator inlet. The program has been validated successfully on solid matter by reverse determination of thermal conductivity and heat capacity.The preliminary studies under continuous magnetic field without modulation have mounted for a maximum initial weight of 3.5, we have less mass loss and improved measurement stability of the inductor current, as well as the reproductivity of the measurements.The protocol was validated successfully on the liquid charge using modulated perturbation under a continuous magnetic field of 1 Tesla. The obtained values of the heat capacity and thermal conductivity were comparable to the values given by the literature which partially validates the protocol.As a perspective, this protocol can be applied to a wide range of metal alloys
Harzallah, Mahmoud. "Caractérisation in-situ et modélisation des mécanismes et couplages thermomécaniques en usinage : application à l’alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0002/document.
Full textThis work develops an experimental and numerical strategy in order to investigate material removal of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V during machining process. It therefore intends to tackle a complex and strongly coupled problem, involving thermal and mechanical aspects at small scales (micrometric). The lack of measuring means dedicated to such scales in terms of time and space (rapid and strongly local phenomena) does not allow yet to precisely apprehend the thermomechanical phenomena involved during the chip formation. As a result, a specific device, called VISIR, that addresses this issue has been set-up. The experimental aspect of this work has therefore been oriented towards a more precise understanding of the material removal mechanisms. It allowed to observe the evolution of mechanical and thermal quantities during the chip formation and more precisely the strong coupling between the temperature and the strain rate. Based on these experimental insights, the thermomechanical behavior of this alloy has been studied through dynamic shear tests using hat-shaped specimens. It allowed to identify through inverse method a new constitutive equation coupled in temperature and strain rate. In addition, a study on damage is conducted. It is based on the identification and the evaluation of eight criteria commonly used in the material forming process. This leads to proposing a new damage equation, inspired from the Tresca criterion and coupled to material plastic behavior. All of these formulations along with a Stick-Slip friction model have finally been implemented in a 3D FE orthogonal cutting model. Experimental/numerical comparison in terms of mechanical and thermal quantities revealed the robustness and predictive aspect of the developed FE model. Finally, the results of this study allowed to develop a detailed discussion on the material removal mechanisms and more particularly the complexe cracks paths
Gilblas, Rémi. "Mesure de champs de températures vraies par thermoréflectométrie proche infrarouge." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797425.
Full textAgbossou, Kodjo. "Mesure vectorielle des champs electromagnétiques dans les applicateurs microondes industriels." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0039_AGBOSSOU.pdf.
Full textFalgayrettes, Pascal. "Elaboration d'une méthode de mesure de champs de concentrations instantanés." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22044.
Full textHelali, Hamdi. "Mesure de la diffusivité thermique aux très hautes températures." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0015.
Full textTwo methods of measurement of the thermal diffusivity are presented in this work. The first one is based on the flash method and it used the ratio of the temperatures of the front and the rear face of the sample. This method permit the measurement of the axial diffusivity of anisotropie materials. The second method presented is a periodic method it uses the phase difference between the temperature variation of the front and the rear face of the sample. As the first one this method permit the measurementr of the axial diffusivity of anisotropie materials. A measurements had been done on graphite samples and we reached 3000°C
Nguyen, Tuong lam. "Endommagement localisé dans les roches tendres. Expérimentation par mesure de champs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576834.
Full textCorre, Thomas. "Rupture dynamique de membranes élastomères : étude expérimentale par mesure de champs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0043/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis tackles the issue of dynamic fracture of elastomer membranes from an experimental point of view. It aims at providing some insight to predict the trajectories of high speed cracks under large strain. An experimental procedure involving high resolution and high speed cameras is developed in order to perform full-field measurements based on digital image correlation during crack propagation. Tested with a highly stretchable elastomer (polyurethane), this set-up permits to retrieve the material configurations of the sample all along crack growth, which is a crucial step toward a complete mechanical analysis of the problem. In addition to the kinematic fields,both strain energy density and stress fields are estimated thanks to a hyperelastic model, which is issued from mechanical characterisation of the material. Results of these experiments provide a comprehensive database on dynamic fracture of membranes. The method is designed to perform kinematic and energetic analyses of both steady and unsteady crack propagation in the reference configuration. Supersonic crack growth is observed for large prescribed deformation of the membranes. Finally, these observations lead to a discussion on the energetic approach in dynamic crack growth and the current applicability of full-field measurements to characterise dynamic crack growth in elastomers
Nguyen, Tuong Lam. "Endommagement localisé dans les roches tendres. Expérimentation par mesure de champs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI013/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis concerns, firstly, an experimental study on the process of fracture in uniaxial compression of rock samples containing narrow, rectilinear notches inclined with respect to the axis of loading. Secondly, we study the evolution of shear strain localisation towards fracturing and failure in specimens of the same materials with a particular geometry, involving two rounded notches. This geometry, inspired by the work of Meuwissen et al. (1998) for tension tests on metals,promotes the localisation of shear strain in simple compression before fracture. Two different materials were studied: a natural rock of volcanic origin (Neapolitan Tuff) and an artificial “rock” (CPIR09).In the studies presented, three full-field measurement techniques have been employed in combination: (i) the Digital Image Correlation (DIC), for measurement of kinematic fields at a sample's surface; (ii)acoustic Emission measurements (AE) and AE source location, to follow the evolution of damage insamples during loading; (iii) X-ray tomography (pre-and post-mortem studies), to characterise preexisting defects and discontinuities in the specimens and to better understand the fracturing in 3D
Gostan, Thierry. "Diversification des champs d'application de la mesure de diffusion par RMN." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13521.
Full textPicard, Dominique. "Mesure rapide de champs proches par la méthode de diffusion modulée." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112220.
Full textKammerer, Jean-Baptiste. "Capteurs intégrés pour la mesure à haute résolution de champs magnétiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13064.
Full textIntegrated technologies allow to develop magnetic measurement systems on chip. Since they can be integrated using any standard manufacturing process, Hall effect sensors are particularly attractive for low cost magnetometers design. Thus, the first part of this thesis is focused on the improvement of this type of sensors using electronic circuits. We demonstrate that the association of a specific circuit and a Hall effect sensor of a particular shape allows to reach any absolute sensitivity. We also propose a new method for canceling the piezo-resistance effect which is responsible for a parasitic cross-sensitivity. The developed Hall effect sensors are particularly useful for low voltage technologies and for measurement systems subjected to vibrations. Thanks to the rise of nanotechnologies, thin film ferromagnetic based devices and more particularly magnetic tunnel junctions should be part of the standard components of microelectronics industry very soon. Thus, in the second part of this thesis, we studied the potentialities of this new device and we propose a new measurement technique based on the fluxgate principle generalized to two dimensions and applied to the magnetic tunnel junction. The realized magnetometer allows to measure simultaneously and in a very localized way, two components of a magnetic field with a very high sensitivity. All the realized systems tends to benefit from a sensitive element using specific electronic circuits
Gilblas, Remi. "Mesure de champs de températures vraies par thermo-réflectométrie proche infrarouge." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0012/document.
Full textTrue temperature field measurement is a key parameter for the optimization and the control of industrial processes. Current systems present limitations, especially on heterogeneous surfaces and/or in dynamical conditions involving the surface's variation. These restrictions are due to the ignorance of the surface's emissivity, which is a complex function of many physical quantities (temperature, wavelength, roughness, direction of detection). This thesis presents the complete development of a new method of true temperature field measurement, called Thermoreflectometry, applicable on any kind of opaque material, in the range [300-1000]°C. It allows the on-line measurement of emissivity by mixing a step of classical THERMOGRAPHY with a step of laser REFLECTOMETRY. The approach of this work is, first, the critical analysis of the method and its influence quantities, and then the optimal dimensionment of the components by simulation studies. Thirdly, a prototype is built and its defaults are characterized, following a CAMERA-based point of view, and the possible corrections are implemented. Finally, the experimental performances are estimated on some complex heterogeneous thermal scenes which emphasize the prototype's precision for all the tested samples
Picard, Dominique. "Mesure rapide de champs proches par la méthode de diffusion modulée." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376087994.
Full textGras, Renaud. "Identification de champs de propriétés élastiques fondée sur la mesure de champs : application sur un composite tissé 3D." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845752.
Full textInard, Christian. "Contribution à l’étude du couplage thermique entre un émetteur de chaleur et un local." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0042.
Full textHadisaroyo, Djatmiko Ichsani. "Mesure de diffusivité thermique de plaques minces, conductrices ou isolantes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL049N.
Full textYerro, Pascal. "Etude expérimentale des champs de température et de vitesse d'un bardage thermique." Antilles-Guyane, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AGUY0022.
Full textLeclaire, Arthur. "Champs à phase aléatoire et champs gaussiens pour la mesure de netteté d’images et la synthèse rapide de textures." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05S002/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Fourier phase structure of natural images, and addresses no-reference sharpness assessment and fast texture synthesis by example. In Chapter 2, we present several models of random fields in a unified framework, like the spot noise model and the Gaussian model, with particular attention to the spectral representation of these random fields. In Chapter 3, random phase models are used to perform by-example synthesis of microtextures (textures with no salient features). We show that a microtexture can be summarized by a small image that can be used for fast and flexible synthesis based on the spot noise model. Besides, we address microtexture inpainting through the use of Gaussian conditional simulation. In Chapter 4, we present three measures of the global Fourier phase coherence. Their link with the image sharpness is established based on a theoretical and practical study. We then derive a stochastic optimization scheme for these indices, which leads to a blind deblurring algorithm. Finally, in Chapter 5, after discussing the possibility of direct phase analysis or synthesis, we propose two non random phase texture models which allow for synthesis of more structured textures and still have simple mathematical guarantees
Nguyen, Anne-Marie. "Étude et réalisation d'un système micro-intégré de mesure des champs magnétiques." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112073.
Full textDelacre, Elisabeth. "Caractérisation thermique de matériaux poreux humides par analyse inverse dans le domaine fréquentiel." Artois, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ARTO0203.
Full textAmazouz, Mouloud. "Mesure de la diffusivité thermique de solides anisotropes application aux composites /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376023460.
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