Dissertations / Theses: 'Mesoscopic transport in graphene'

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Allen, Monica Theresa. "Quantum Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Graphene Devices." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493258.

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Graphene provides a rich platform for the study of interaction-induced broken symmetry states due to the presence of spin and sublattice symmetries that can be controllably broken with external electric and magnetic fields. At high magnetic fields and low temperatures, where quantum effects dominate, we map out the phase diagram of broken symmetry quantum Hall states in suspended bilayer graphene. Application of a perpendicular electric field breaks the sublattice (or layer) symmetry, allowing identification of distinct layer-polarized and canted antiferromagnetic v=0 states. At low fields, a new spontaneous broken-symmetry state emerges, which we explore using transport measurements. The large energy gaps associated with the v=0 state and electric field induced insulating states in bilayer graphene offer an opportunity for tunable bandgap engineering. We use local electrostatic gating to create quantum confined devices in graphene, including quantum point contacts and gate-defined quantum dots. The final part of this thesis focuses on proximity induced superconductivity in graphene Josephson junctions. We directly visualize current flow in a graphene Josephson junction using superconducting interferometry. The key to our approach involves reconstruction of the real-space current density from magnetic interference using Fourier methods. We observe that current is confined to the crystal boundaries near the Dirac point and that edge and bulk currents coexist at higher Fermi energies. These results are consistent with the existence of "fiber-optic" edge modes at the Dirac point, which we model theoretically. Our techniques also open the door to fast spatial imaging of current distributions along more complicated networks of domains in larger crystals.
Physics

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Sonde, Sushant. "Local transport properties in graphene for electronic applications." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/91.

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In view of possible applications in electrostatically tunable two-dimensional field-effect devices, this thesis is aimed at discussing electronic properties in substrate-supported graphene. Original methods based on various variants of Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques are utilized to analyze graphene exfoliated- and-deposited (DG) on SiO2 /Si, SiC(0001) and high-k dielectric substrate (Strontium Titanate) as well as graphene grown epitaxially (EG) on SiC(0001). Scanning Capacitance Spectroscopy is discussed as a probe to evaluate the electrostatic properties (quantum capacitance, local density of states) and transport properties (local electron mean free path) in graphene. Furthermore, based on this method two important issues adversely affecting room temperature charge transport in graphene are addressed to elucidate the role of: 1. Lattice defects in graphene introduced by ion irradiation and 2. Charged impurities and Surface Polar Phonon scattering at the graphene/substrate interface. Moreover, a comparative investigation of current transport across EG/SiC(0001) and DG/SiC(0001) interface by Scanning Current Spectroscopy and Torsion Resonance Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy is discussed to explain electrical properties of the so-called 'buffer layer' commonly observed at the interface of EG/SiC(0001). This study also clarifies the local workfunction variation in EG due to electrically active buffer layer.

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Baringhaus, Jens [Verfasser]. "Mesoscopic transport phenomena in epitaxial graphene nanostructures : a surface science approach / Jens Baringhaus." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080249702/34.

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Epping, Alexander [Verfasser], Christoph Akademischer Betreuer] Stampfer, and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Knoch. "Mesoscopic transport through graphene and molybdenum disulfide constrictions / Alexander Epping ; Christoph Stampfer, Joachim Knoch." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1218019662/34.

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Epping, Alexander Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Stampfer, and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Knoch. "Mesoscopic transport through graphene and molybdenum disulfide constrictions / Alexander Epping ; Christoph Stampfer, Joachim Knoch." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1218019662/34.

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Deretzis, Ioannis. "Quantum transport in confined graphene: role of defects, substrate and contacts." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/89.

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This PhD study investigates at an atomistic level the role of non-ideality on the electronic structure and quantum transport properties of systems based on graphene, with a specific focus on confined structures that could serve for a plausible device operation. An atomic reconstruction takes place for the encapsulation of localized or extended modifications of the structural and electronic symmetry that go beyond phenomenological approaches. Three different types of atomic/structural and electronic perturbations are considered: a) perturbations induced by defects in the atomic lattice, b) perturbations induced by the interaction with the substrate, and c) perturbations induced by the coupling with the metallic contacts. Numerical codes are implemented based on state-of-the-art Schroedinger/Poisson methodologies for the calculation of the quantum transport.

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Krückl, Viktor [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter. "Wave packets in mesoscopic systems: From time-dependent dynamics to transport phenomena in graphene and topological insulators / Viktor Krückl. Betreuer: Klaus Richter." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034198378/34.

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Albert, Guillaume. "Transport mésoscopique dans les nanostructures hybrides supraconducteur-graphène." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680038.

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Cette thèse présente une étude des propriétés de transport à basse température d'échantillons de graphène exfolié. Une première série de mesures menée à une température de 4 Kelvins sur des échantillons contactés par des électrodes constituées d'une bicouche titane/or révèle les phénomènes d'effet Hall quantique et de fluctuations universelles de conductance. L'effet Hall présente une quantification demi-entière propre au graphène. Le caractère universel des fluctuations de conductance est confirmé par les mesures, et une réduction de la longueur de cohérence de phase est observée au point de Dirac. Une autre série d'échantillons, connectés par des électrodes en titane/aluminium, permet l'étude de l'effet de proximité supraconducteur dans le graphène. Ces mesures sont réalisées à des températures comprises entre 100mK et 1K. Dans un premier échantillon, elles font apparaitre le phénomène de réflexions d'Andreev multiples et un précurseur de l'effet Josephson, ainsi qu'une amplification des fluctuations universelles de conductance lorsque les électrodes sont dans l'état supraconducteur. Dans un second échantillon, la présence de localisation forte tend à diminuer l'amplitude des fluctuations universelles de conductance, entrant ainsi en compétition avec l'effet de proximité.

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Sousa, Duarte José Pereira de. "Transporte eletrônico em anéis quânticos de grafeno." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/14677.

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SOUSA, Duarte José Pereira de. Transporte eletrônico em anéis quânticos de grafeno. 2015. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.
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In this work, we propose a current switch device that exploits the phase acquired by a charge carrier as it tunnels through a potential barrier in graphene in the ballistic regime without the need of the presence of a gap in the spectrum. The system acts as an interferometer based on an armchair graphene quantum ring, where the phase difference between interfering electronic wave functions for each path can be controlled by tuning the height of a potential barrier in the ring arms. By varying the parameters of the potential barriers the interference can become completely destructive. We demonstrate how this interference effect can be used for developing a simple graphene-based logic gate.
Neste trabalho, é proposto um dispositivo de controle de corrente que explora a fase adquirida por um portador de carga quando este tunela através de uma barreira de potencial no grafeno no regime balístico sem a necessidade da presença de um gap no espectro de energias. O sistema atua como um interferômetro baseado em um anel quântico de grafeno com bordas armchair, onde a diferença de fase entre as funções de onda para elétrons que tomam diferentes caminhos pode ser controlada através da intensidade das barreiras de potencial nos braços do anel. Variando os parâmetros das barreiras a interferência pode tornar-se completamente destrutiva. É demonstrado como esse efeito de interferência pode ser utilizado para o desenvolvimento de portas lógicas simples baseadas em grafeno.

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Atteia, Jonathan. "Topologie et transport électronique dans des systèmes de Dirac sous irradiation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0378/document.

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Cette thèse présente un travail théorique effectué dans le domaine de la physique de la matière condensée, et plus particulièrement la physique des solides. Ce domaine de la physique décrit le comportement des électrons dans les cristaux à très basses températures dans le but d'observer des effets quantiques à l'échelle mésoscopique.Cette thèse se situe à l'interface entre deux types de matériaux : le graphène et les isolants topologiques. Le graphène est une couche d’épaisseur monoatomique d’atomes de carbone arrangés en réseau nid d’abeilles, qui présente de nombreuses propriétés impressionnantes en optique, en mécanique et en électronique. Les isolants topologiques sont des matériaux qui sont isolants en volume et conduisent l'électricité sur les bords. Cette caractéristique découle d'une propriété topologique des électrons dans le volume. La topologie est une branche des mathématiques qui décrit des objets dans leur globalité en ne retenant que les caractéristiques invariantes par certaines déformations continues. Les états de bords des isolants topologiques sont robustes à certaines perturbations comme le désordre créé par des impuretés dans le matériau. Le lien entre ces deux sujets est double. D’une part les premiers modèles d’isolants topologiques de bande ont été formulés pour le graphène, par Haldane en 1988 et Kane et Mele en 2005, ouvrant ainsi la voie à la découverte des isolants topologiques à 2D et 3D dans des matériaux à fort spin-orbite. D’autre part, il a été prédit que le graphène, même sans spin-orbite, devient un isolant topologique lorsqu'il est irradié par une onde électromagnétique. Dans cette thèse, nous suivons deux directions en parallèle : décrire les caractéristiques topologiques d’une part et les propriétés de transport électronique d’autre part.En premier lieu, nous passons en revue le modèle des liaisons fortes pour le graphène, puis le modèle effectif qui décrit les électrons de basse énergie comme des fermions de Dirac sans masse. Nous introduisons ensuite le modèle de Haldane, un modèle simple défini sur le réseau en nid d’abeille et qui présente des bandes non triviales caractérisées par un invariant topologique, le nombre de Chern, non nul. Du fait de cette propriété topologique, ce modèle possède un état de bord chiral se propageant au bord de l’échantillon et une conductance de Hall quantifiée. Lorsque le graphène est irradié par un laser ayant une fréquence plus large que la largeur de bande du graphène, il acquiert un gap dynamique similaire au gap topologique du modèle de Haldane. Lorsque la fréquence est réduite, nous montrons que des transitions topologiques se produisent et l'apparition d'états de bords.Le travail principal de cette thèse est l'étude du transport électronique dans le graphène irradié dans un régime de paramètres réalisables expérimentalement. Une feuille de graphène est connectée à deux électrodes avec une différence de potentiel qui génère un courant. Nous calculons la conductance différentielle de l'échantillon selon le formalisme de Landauer-Büttiker étendu aux systèmes soumis à une modulation périodique. Il nous est possible d'obtenir la conductance en fonction de la géométrie de l’échantillon et de différents paramètres tels que le potentiel chimique, la fréquence et l'intensité de l’onde.Un autre type d'isolant topologique est l’isolant d’effet Hall quantique de spin. Ce type de phase possède deux états de bords dans lesquels les spins opposés se propagent dans des directions opposées. Le second travail de cette thèse concerne le transport électronique à travers cet état de bord irradié. Nous observons l'apparition d'un courant pompé en l'absence de différence de potentiel. Nous distinguons deux régimes : un pompage adiabatique quantifié à basse fréquence, et un régime de réponse linéaire non quantifiée à hautes fréquences. Par rapport aux études précédentes existantes, nous montrons un effet important de la présence des électrodes de mesure
This thesis presents a theoretical work done in the field of condensed matter physics, and in particular solid state physics. This field of physics aims at describing the behaviour of electrons in crystalline materials at very low temperature to observe effects characteristic of quantum physics at the mesoscopic scale.This thesis lies at the interface between two types of materials : graphene and topological insulators. Graphene is a monoatomic layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice that presents a wide range of striking properties in optics, mechanics and electronics. Topological insulators are materials that are insulators in the bulk and conduct electricity at the edges. This characteristic originates from a topological property of the electrons in the bulk. Topology is a branch of mathematics that aims to describe objects globally retaining only characteristics invariant under smooth deformations. The edge states of topological insulators are robust to certain king of perturbations such as disorder created by impurities in the bulk. The link between these two topics is two-fold. On one hand, the first models of band topological insulators were formulated for graphene, by Haldane in 1988 and Kane and Mele in 2005, opening the way to the discovery of 2D and 3D topological insulators in materials with strong spin-orbit coupling. On the other hand, it was predicted that graphene, even without spin-orbit coupling, turns to a topological insulator under irradiation by an electromagnetic wave. In this thesis, we follow two directions in parallel : describe the topological properties on one hand, and the electronic transport properties on the other hand.First, we review the tight-binding model of graphene, and the effective model that describes low-energy electrons as massless Dirac fermions. We then introduce the Haldane model, a simple model defined on the honeycomb lattice that presents non-trivial bands characterised by a topological invariant, the Chern number. Due to this topological property, this model possesses a chiral edge state that propagates around the sample and a quantized Hall conductance. When graphene is irradiated by a laser with a frequency larger than the graphene bandwidth, it acquires a dynamical gap similar to the topological gap of the Haldane model. When the frequency is lowered, we show that topological transitions happens and that different edge states appear.The main work of this thesis is the study of electronic transport in irradiated graphene in a regime of experimentally achievable parameters. A graphene sheet is connected to two electrodes with a potential difference that generates a current. We compute the differential conductance of the sample according to Landauer-Büttiker formalism extended to periodically driven systems. Using this simple formalism, we are able to obtain the conductance as a function of the geometry of the sample and of several parameters such as the chemical potential, the frequency and the intensity of the electromagnetic wave.Another kind of topological insulator is the quantum spin Hall insulator. This type of phase possesses two edge states in which opposite spins propagate in opposite directions. The second work of this thesis concerns electronic transport through this irradiated edge state. We observe the apparition of a pumped current in the absence of a potential difference. We observe two regimes : a quantized adiabatic at low frequency, and a non-quantized linear response regime at high frequency. Compared to previous studies, we show an important effect originating from the presence of electrodes

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Sousa, Duarte JosÃ Pereira de. "Transporte eletrÃnico em anÃis quÃnticos de grafeno." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15743.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Neste trabalho, Ã proposto um dispositivo de controle de corrente que explora a fase adquirida por um portador de carga quando este tunela atravÃs de uma barreira de potencial no grafeno no regime balÃstico sem a necessidade da presenÃa de um gap no espectro de energias. O sistema atua como um interferÃmetro baseado em um anel quÃntico de grafeno com bordas armchair, onde a diferenÃa de fase entre as funÃÃes de onda para elÃtrons que tomam diferentes caminhos pode ser controlada atravÃs da intensidade das barreiras de potencial nos braÃos do anel. Variando os parÃmetros das barreiras a interferÃncia pode tornar-se completamente destrutiva. Ã demonstrado como esse efeito de interferÃncia pode ser utilizado para o desenvolvimento de portas lÃgicas simples baseadas em grafeno.
In this work, we propose a current switch device that exploits the phase acquired by a charge carrier as it tunnels through a potential barrier in graphene in the ballistic regime without the need of the presence of a gap in the spectrum. The system acts as an interferometer based on an armchair graphene quantum ring, where the phase difference between interfering electronic wave functions for each path can be controlled by tuning the height of a potential barrier in the ring arms. By varying the parameters of the potential barriers the interference can become completely destructive. We demonstrate how this interference effect can be used for developing a simple graphene-based logic gate.

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Betz, Andreas. "Diffusions électronique élastique et inélastique dans le graphène étudiées par le transport micro-onde et le bruit." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784346.

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This thesis discusses the elastic and inelastic scattering in monolayer graphene, investigated by means of microwave carrier dynamics and noise. We study in a first part the high frequency properties of graphene field‐effect transistors on different substrates. Particular interest lies in the figures of merit like e.g. the transit frequency fT, defining the transistor's current amplification capabilities, and the transconductance gm representing its gate sensitivity. High values are obtained for both parameters in GHz measurements. We find in particular that these figures remain substantial even in miniaturized devices. We introduce top‐gated graphene field‐effect capacitors as a probe of the elastic scattering mechanisms in graphene. Employing similar techniques as in the transistor experiments, we are able to directly access the diffusion constant D and its dependence on carrier density. The latter is the signature of the scattering mechanism present in the graphene sheet. Our novel GHz experiments reveal a constant transport scattering time as a function of energy which is in disagreement with conventional theoretical predictions, but supports the random Dirac mass disorder mechanism. Furthermore, we study inelastic scattering of charge carriers by acoustic phonons in graphene which is among the first realizations of such an experiment in a genuine two‐dimensional geometry. A broadband cryogenic noise thermometry setup is used to detect the electronic fluctuations, the current noise, from which we extract the average electron temperature Te as a function of Joule power P. At high bias we find P∝ΣTe^4 as predicted by theory and which is the tell‐tale sign of a 2D phonon cooling mechanism. From a heat equation analysis of data in a broad bias range, we extract accurate values of the electron‐acoustic phonon coupling constant Σ. Our measurements point to an important effect of lattice disorder in the electron‐phonon energy relaxation.

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Poumirol, Jean-Marie. "Étude des propriétés électroniques du graphène et des matériaux à base de graphène sous champs magnétiques intenses." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646172.

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Cette thèse présente des mesures de transport électronique dans des systèmes bi-dimensionels et uni-dimensionels à base de graphène sous champ magnétique pulsé (60T). L'objectif de ces travaux consiste à sonder la dynamique des porteurs de charge en modifiant la densité d'états du système par l'application d'un champ magnétique. Une première partie est consacrée à l'étude de l'influence des îlots électrons-trous sur les propriétés de transport du graphène au voisinage du point de neutralité de charge. Nous avons constaté l'apparition de fluctuations de la magnéto-résistance liée à la transition progressive des îlots de taille finie dans le régime quantique lorsque le champ magnétique augmente. Nous avons aussi montré que la variation de l'énergie de Fermi, liée à l'augmentation de la dégénérescence orbitale des niveaux de Landau, est directement responsable d'une modification du ratio entre électrons et trous. Dans une deuxième partie consacrée à l'étude des nanorubans de graphène, nous avons exploré deux gammes de largeur différentes. Dans les rubans larges (W>60nm), la quantification de la résistance a été observée révélant ainsi une signature évidente de la quantification du spectre énergétique en niveaux de Landau. Le confinement magnétique des porteurs de charge sur les bords des nano rubans a permis de mettre en évidence, pour la première fois, la levée de dégénérescence de vallée liée à la configuration " armchair " du ruban. Pour des rubans plus étroits (W<30nm), en présence de défauts de bord et d'impuretés chargées, la formation progressive des états de bords chiraux donne lieu à une magnéto-conductance positive quelque soit la densité de porteurs. Enfin, la dernière partie traite du magnéto-transport dans le graphene multi feuillet. En particulier, nous avons observé l'effet Hall quantique dans les systèmes tri-couches de graphène. Une étude comparative des résultats expérimentaux avec des simulations numériques a permis de déterminer l'empilement rhomboédrique des trois couches de graphène constituant l'échantillon.

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Metalidis, Georgo. "Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985476753.

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Sarkozy, Stephen Joseph. "Mesoscopic transport in undoped heterostructures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612534.

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Radtke, Paul Kaspar. "Mesoscopic Models of Stochastic Transport." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19152.

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Transportphänomene treten in biologischen und künstlichen Systemen auf allen Längenskalen auf. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir sie für verschiedene Systeme aus einer mesoskopischen Perspektive, in der Fluktuationen physikalischer Größen um ihre Mittelwerte eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Im ersten Teil untersuchen wir die persistente Bewegung aktiver Brownscher Teilchen mit zusätzlichem Drehmoment, wie sie z.B. für Spermien oder Janus Teilchen auftritt. Wird ihre Bewegung auf einen Tunnel variierender Breite beschränkt, so setzt im thermischen Nichtgleichgewicht Transport ein; ungerichtete Fluktuationen des rauschhaften Antriebs werden gleichgerichtet. Hierdurch wird ein neuer Ratschentyp realisiert. Im zweiten Teil untersuchen wir den intrazellulären Cargotransport in den Axonen von Nervenzellen mithilfe molekularer Motoren. Sie werden als asymmetrischer Ausschlussprozess simuliert. Zusätzlich können die Cargos zwischen benachbarten Motoren ausgetauscht werden. Dadurch lassen sich charakteristische Eigenschaften des langsamen axonalen Transports mit einer einzigen Motorspezies reproduzieren. Bewerkstelligt wird dies durch die transiente Anbindung der Cargos an rückwärtslaufende Motorstaus. Im dritten Teil diskutieren wir resistive switching, die nicht volatile Widerstandsänderung eines Dielektrikums durch elektrische Impulse. Es wird für Anwendungen im Computerspeicher ausgenutzt, dem resistive RAM. Wir schlagen ein auf Sauerstoffvakanzen basierendes stochastisches Gitterhüpfmodell vor. Wir definieren binäre logische Zustände mit Hilfe der zugrunde liegenden Vakanzenverteilung und definieren Schreibe- und Leseoperationen durch Spannungsimpulse für ein solches Speicherelement. Überlegungen über die Unterscheidbarkeit dieser Operationen unter Fluktuationen zusammen mit der Deutlichkeit der unterschiedlichen Widerstandszustände selbst ermöglichen es uns, eine optimale Vakanzenzahl vorherzusagen.
Transport phenomena occur in biological and artificial systems at all length scales. In this thesis, we investigate them for various systems from a mesoscopic perspective, in which fluctuations around their average properties play an important role. In the first part, we investigate the persistent diffusive motion of active Brownian particles with an additional torque. It can appear in many real life systems, for example in sperm cells or Janus particles. If their motion is confined to a tunnel of varying width, transport arises out of thermal equilibrium; unbiased fluctuations of the noisy drive are rectified. This way, we have realized a novel kind of ratchet. In the second part, we study intracellular cargo transport in the axons of nerve cells by molecular motors. They are modeled by an asymmetric exclusion process. In a new approach, we add a cargo exchange interaction between the motors. This way, the characteristics of slow axonal transport can be accounted for with a single motor species. It is explained by the transient attachment of cargos to reverse walking motors jams. In the third part, we discuss resistive switching, the non-volatile change of resistance in a dielectric due to electric pulses. It is exploited for applications in computer memory, the resistive random access memory (ReRAM). We propose a stochastic lattice hopping model based on the on oxygen vacancies. We define binary logical states by means of the underlying vacancy distributions, and establish a framework of writing and reading such a memory element with voltage pulses. Considerations about the discriminability of these operations under fluctuations together with the markedness of the resistive switching effect itself enable us to predict an optimal vacancy number.

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Lui, Chi-keung Arthur. "Transport properties of hybrid mesoscopic systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30727339.

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Diaconescu, Dorina. "Ballistic electron transport in mesoscopic samples." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962295191.

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Magnée, Petrus Hubertus Cornelis. "Mesoscopic transport in superconductor - semiconductor structures." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1996. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/14856769X.

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Yang, Ping 1961. "Thermal transport in mesoscopic dielectric systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85107.

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Although the study of thermal transport in condensed matter has a very long history, it continues to be an active field of work due to its importance in many applications. The research subject reported in this thesis is on theoretical investigations of thermal energy transport in systems whose linear dimension is less than the wavelength of thermal phonons. Such situations occur in mesoscopic and nanoscopic scale dielectric structures which can now be fabricated in a number of laboratories. Due to the small system dimensions, phonons must be treated as waves. Thermal energy transport, therefore, must be treated as phonon wave propagation through the system.
After reviewing the general physics of thermal energy transport in the classical regime, we derive, for dielectric materials, a formula for thermal energy flux in devices involving multi-terminals each connected to a thermal reservoir at local equilibrium. The energy flux is driven by a temperature bias and traverses the system by virtue of phonon wave scattering. A multi-terminal thermal conductance formula is derived in terms of phonon transmission coefficient. Using our theoretical formulation, we investigate thermal transport properties of both two-terminal and four-terminal dielectric devices by solving the quantum scattering problem using a mode matching numerical technique.
For thermal transport in a T-shaped dielectric nanostructure with two-terminals at low temperature, due to quantum interference the transmission coefficient of phonons becomes quite complicated. We found that the value of phonon transmission coefficients at zero energy may be unity or zero depending on a geometrical ratio of the nanostructure. The transmission has an oscillation behavior with quasi-periodicity and irregularity. The thermal conductance is found to increase monotonically with temperature---a result that we conclude to be generally true for any two-terminal device. We confirm the existence of the universal quantum of thermal conductance which exists at the low temperature limit, and such a quantum is robust against all the system parameters.
The physical behavior of four-terminal thermal conductance for mesoscopic dielectric systems with arbitrary shapes of scattering region is also investigated in detail. If we make a two-terminal measurement in the four-terminal device, the two-terminal conductance is a monotonically increasing function of temperature, and is equal to the universal quantum of thermal conductance masked by a geometric factor. If we make a four-terminal measurement, the four-terminal conductance has a non-monotonic dependence. In the low temperature limit, we predict that the four-terminal conductance diverges inversely proportional to temperature.
Finally, we discuss an interesting theoretical problem on the general behavior of thermal conductance for multi-terminal systems when thermal carriers satisfy fractional exclusion statistics. Our analysis allows us to conclude that results for fractional exclusion statistics are quite different from those of the Bose-Einstein statistics.

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Lui, Chi-keung Arthur, and 呂智強. "Transport properties of hybrid mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30727339.

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22

Ferone, Raffaello. "Thermoelectric transport in disordered mesoscopic systems." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10036.

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Landau theory of Fermi liquids foresees that the charge and heat are tranported by the same objects: the fermionic Landau quasi-particles. In a very general way, it is true if the screening among particles is quite strong to can consider the system as composed yet by independent particles. This is the case for the electron sea in an ordinary bulk metal. The existance of just one responsible for charge and heat transport is expressed by the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law. It states that the ratio between the thermal and electrical conductivity depends on temperature by a constant which is more or less the same for several metals. The constant of proportionality is called the Lorenz number. What happens if the above-mentioned condition on screening is no longer satisfied, as for example in low-dimensional systems or electronic low-density systems ? The thesis is diveded into two parts. In the first one, we studied the thermal and electrical transport in a disordered quantum wire; in the second one, the influence of superconducting fluctuations on thermal conductivity in granular metals
La théorie de Landau des liquides de Fermi prévoit que la charge et la chaleur sont transportées par les mêmes objets: les quasi-particules fermionics de Landau. De façon très général, ceci est vrai, si l'écrantage parmi les particules dans le système est assez fort pour pouvoir continuer à considérer le système comme composé de particules indépendantes. C'est le cas, par exemple, pour la mer d'électrons dans un métal ordinaire. L'existence d'un même responsable pour le transport de la charge et de la chaleur est exprimé par la lois de Wiedemann-Franz (WF) qui affirme que le rapport entre la conductivité thermique et électrique dépend de la température par une constante qui est plus au moins la même pour plusieurs métaux. La constante de proportionnalité est appelé nombre de Lorenz. Que se passe-t-il si les conditions concernant l'écrantage que nous avons mentionnées ne sont plus satisfaites, comme par exemple dans les systèmes à dimensionalité réduite, ou des système à basse densité électronique ? Le travail de thèse est divisé en deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons étudié le transport thermique et électrique dans un fil quantique désordonné; dans la deuxième, l'influence des fluctuations supraconductives sur la conductivité thermique dans un métal granulaire

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Purbach, Ulrich. "Electron transport in mesoscopic metallic structures /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Shangguan, Minhui. "Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557583.

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Maciejko, Joseph. "Time-dependent quantum transport in mesoscopic structures." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99346.

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In this thesis, we present a theory to calculate the time-dependent current flowing through an arbitrary noninteracting nanoscale phase-coherent device connected to arbitrary noninteracting external leads, in response to sharp step- and square-shaped voltage pulses. Our analysis is based on the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's functions formalism, and provides an exact analytical solution to the transport equations in the far from equilibrium, nonlinear response regime. The essential feature of our solution is that it does not rely on the commonly used wideband approximation where the coupling between device scattering region and leads is taken to be independent of energy, and as such provides a way to perform transient transport calculations from first principles on realistic systems, taking into account the detailed electronic structure of the device scattering region and the leads. As an illustration of the general theory, we perform a toy model calculation for a quantum dot with Lorentzian linewidth and show how interesting finite-bandwidth effects arise in the time-dependent current dynamics. Finally, we describe possible generalizations of our theory to the cases of superconducting leads (an example of broken symmetry) and one-dimensional leads in the Luttinger liquid regime (an example of an interacting system).

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26

Liebert, Alan David Lawrence. "Quantum transport in macroscopic and mesoscopic systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315338.

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27

Shangguan, Minhui, and 上官敏慧. "Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557583.

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28

Liu, Xiya. "Mesoscopic effects in ferromagnetic materials." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24669.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Davidovic, Dragomir; Committee Member: Citrin, David; Committee Member: Kindermann, Markus; Committee Member: Marchenkov, Alexei; Committee Member: Riedo, Elisa

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29

Bandhu, Lokeshwar. "Acoustoelectric transport in graphene." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18578.

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The acoustoelectric effect in graphene is studied in a graphene/lithium niobate hybrid system, which was prepared by transferring large area single-layer graphene grown on copper onto lithium niobate SAW devices. The transfer of momentum from the surface acoustic waves (SAWs), generated on the surface of the lithium niobate, to the carriers in graphene results in an attenuation and velocity shift of the wave, and gives rise to an acoustoelectric current. The acoustoelectric current, and the amplitude and velocity of the SAW are measured using a sourcemeter and oscilloscope, respectively. Macroscopic acoustoelectric current flowing over several hundred micrometers is demonstrated in graphene, which is measured to be directly proportional to the SAW intensity and frequency at room temperature. A relatively simple classical relaxation model, which describes the piezoelectric interaction between SAWs and the carriers in a two-dimensional electron system, is used to explain the experimental observations. The investigation of the acoustoelectric current as a function of temperature demonstrates the ability of SAWs of different wavelengths to probe graphene at different length scales. By tuning the conductivity of the graphene through the use of a top gate, voltage-controlled phase (velocity) shifters are demonstrated. The acoustoelectric current measured as a function of gate voltage demonstrates that an equal density of electrons and holes are transported at the charge neutrality point, reflecting the unique properties of graphene.

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Martin, Theodore Peyton. "Low-dimensional electron transport in mesoscopic semiconductor devices /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1280149921&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-196). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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31

Scherbakov, Andrew Germanovich. "Transport and thermodynamic properties of mesoscopic quantum systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30384.

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Cook, Paul Michael Andrew. "Theory of phase-coherent transport in mesoscopic superconductors." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337361.

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Claughton, Neil Richard. "Theory of phase-coherent transport in mesoscopic superconductors." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240506.

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Macedo, Antonio M. S. "Quantum transport and interference effects in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259770.

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Hart, A. M. "Fabrication of, and transport in, mesoscopic superconducting devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603797.

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We have fabricated and studied mesoscopic-scale microfabricated superconducting devices whose size is comparable to the Cooper pair coherence length. In the course of this research, we have performed a series of new experiments with mesoscopic superconducting devices based on aluminium, microfabricated using electron-beam lithography and lift-off techniques. Discussion of fabrication issues forms a significant portion of this thesis. Initially, we present novel devices featuring a single tunnel barrier which was artificially deposited, obviating the need for troublesome shadow-mask evaporations. We have investigated their electrical characteristics at low temperature (300mK) and they were found to behave in a manner similar to that described by the BTK theory of 1982. Some calculations are presented and barrier parameters extracted. Modifications to the geometry of the devices appeared to produce a change in their electrical characteristics, reminiscent of the often-discussed Zero Bias Anomaly (ZBA), and an explanation is tentatively proposed. Mesoscopic multi-layered superconductor/insulator devices based on an improved version of this barrier technology are then presented. The size of the device action region was less than 600nm in all dimensions in the smallest of these devices. The fabrication process is discussed, and extensive results from electrical measurements at low temperatures are presented, investigating the effects of barrier thickness, lateral device size, magnetic fields, temperature, bias voltage and RF illumination on device size conductance. Clear differences in behaviour between "large" (14μm), "medium" (1.6μm) and "small" (0.5μm) devices were observed. Some relevant theories are outlined and the results are interpreted. Finally, a third class of device was fabricated. Mesoscopic squares of superconducting aluminium with a normal-metal measurement probe at each corner, these devices were subjected to extensive magnetoresistance measurements at temperatures as low as 50mK and at fields of up to 9T. Several interesting phenomena were observed including magnetoresistance fluctuations, so great in some cases that the device exhibited a novel re-entrant superconductivity: a loss and subsequent re-gaining of the superconducting state as magnetic field was swept upwards, as predicted recently by Spivak and Zhou. Current sweeps about such re-entrant points showed relatively typical behaviour for a superconductor.

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36

朱詩亮 and Shiliang Zhu. "Geometric phase and quantum transport in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3014775X.

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37

朱建新 and Jianxin Zhu. "Quantum transport in mesoscopic normal and superconducting systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236443.

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The Best PhD Thesis in the Faculties of Dentistry, Engineering, Medicine and Science (University of Hong Kong), Li Ka Shing Prize,1995-1997
published_or_final_version
Physics
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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38

Xu, Fuming, and 许富明. "Quantum transport study of mesoscopic systems and nanostructures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4691772X.

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39

Chepelianskii, Alexei. "Non equilibrium transport and chirality in mesoscopic physics." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112324.

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Pendant ma thèse je me suis intéressé aux signatures de la chiralité dans les systèmes mésoscopiques. Cela m'a conduit à étudier les propriétés de symétrie en champ magnétique du transport non linéaire. J'ai montré que même dans des dispositifs électroniques à deux contacts les propriétés de symétrie sont très riches avec la possibilité d'observer des coefficients transport nonlineaire antisymétrique en champ magnétique. Néanmoins ces propriétés de symétrie ne sont pas déterminées par la chiralité seule. Pour cette raison j'ai proposé d'utiliser le photo-magnétisme comme une sonde sensible à la chiralité, j'ai donc conçu une expérience pour détecter dans des billards mésoscopiques à l'aide de magnétomètres à effet Hall. Cette expérience a mis en évidence des effets dynamiques subtils dans les sondes de Hall balistiques sous irradiation et ont inspiré une recherche théorique et expérimentale sur les états de résistance nulle dans ces systèmes. J'ai aussi cherché des signatures de la chiralité dans le transport à travers des molécules uniques chirales. Ceci m'a conduit à mettre au point des expériences difficiles pour sonder le transport dans des molécules d'ADN qui ont permis de montrer que les proprietés de transport électrique à travers ces molécules peuvent être grandement améliorées lorsqu'elles sont en contact avec un réseau de nanoparticules déconnectées électriquement. Enfin j'ai développé une technique de mesure de photo-transport sans contact adaptée pour sonder un faible nombre de molécules. Cette expérience peut être sensible à la chiralité si une lumière polarisée circulairement est utilisée comme excitation
During my thesis I investigated the signatures of chiraIity in the electrical transport of mesoscopic systems. This led me to study the magnetic field symmetry of nonlinear transport. I showed that even for two terminal devices, nonlinear transport has rich magnetic field symmetry properties, with possible completely antisymmetric behavior. However the symmetry properties are not determined by chirality alone. For this reason I proposed photo-magnetism as a more selective probe for chirality and started a new experiment to detect this effect in quantum dots using a Hall magnetometer. This research exhibited subtle dynamical effects of transport in ballistic Hall bars under irradiation and inspired later research on zero resistance states. I also looked for signatures of chirality in the transport properties of single chiral molecules. This led me to realize technically challenging experiments on transport through DNA, showing that conduction in DNA could be enhanced by connecting the molecules to a disconnected array of nanoparticles. Finally I developed a contact-Iess experiment to probe photo-transport in nanowires under visible illumination. This experiment can also probe chirality by detecting photo-transport under circularly-polarized Iight

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40

Zhu, Shiliang. "Geometric phase and quantum transport in mesoscopic systems." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22956268.

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41

Zhu, Jianxin. "Quantum transport in mesoscopic normal and superconducting systems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037471.

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42

Zhao, Xuean. "Electrochemical capacitance in a mesoscopic structure /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20978716.

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43

Otto, Florian. "Nonlinear vortex transport in mesoscopic channels of amorphous NbGe." Regensburg Univ.-Verl. Regensburg, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999972685/34.

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44

Bulnes, Cuetara Gregory. "Fluctuation theorem for quantum electron transport in mesoscopic circuits." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209435.

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Dans cette thèse nous étudions les propriétés statistique des courants dans des systèmes à l'échelle mésoscopique. Nous utilisons le formalisme de la statistique de comptage afin de caractériser les fluctuations de courant importantes à cette échelle. Celle-ci est obtenue en partant du Hamiltonien microscopique décrivant la dynamique des électrons sur le circuit considéré dans le régime quantique.

Nous considérons deux modèles particuliers de circuits à deux canaux, chacun comportant deux électrodes. Le premier modèle étudié est constitué de deux plots quantiques en couplage capacitif, et chacun échangeant des électrons avec deux électrodes. Le deuxième modèle est quant à lui constitué d'un double plot quantique connecté à deux électrodes et modulant le courant dans un point quantique formé lui-même par la jonction de deux électrodes. Pour ces deux modèles, chaque canal est soumis à une différence de potentiel, ou force thermodynamique, générant des courants stationnaires fluctuants.

La statistique des courants pour ces deux modèles est obtenue en utilisant une équation maîtresse pour les probabilités d'occupation dans les plots quantiques et le nombre d'électrons transférés entre ceux-ci et les électrodes. Nous vérifions que la distribution de probabilité jointes des courants dans chaque canal ainsi obtenue vérifie un théorème de fluctuation dans la limite des temps long faisant intervenir les forces thermodynamique des deux canaux.

La question de l'émergence d'un théorème de fluctuation effectif pour la distribution de probabilité marginale du courant dans un des deux canaux est également investiguée. Nous montrons que dans la limite ou le rapport des courants est grande, un tel théorème de fluctuation effectif est satisfait individuellement pour le canal de plus faible courant comme observé expérimentalement. Ce théorème fait intervenir une affinité effective dépendante des forces thermodynamiques des deux canaux et des spécificités du modèle considéré. Son étude détaillée est faite pour les deux modèles mentionnés.

Par ailleurs, nous posons également la question de l'existence d'un théorème de fluctuation pour des temps de mesure finis. Nous montrons qu'en présence d'un théorème de fluctuation dans la limite de temps longs, un critère peut être énoncé sur la condition initiale des plots quantiques menant à un théorème de fluctuations à temps fini. Ce critère est également étendu au cas des théorèmes de fluctuations effectifs.

Finalement, nous faisons une étude thermodynamique du modèle composé d'un double plot quantique en présence de différences de potentiel électrique et de température entre les électrodes du circuit.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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45

Li, Jian. "Spin transport in mesoscopic systems with spin-orbit coupling." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39794015.

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46

Maldonado, Miguel. "Fabrication of mesoscopic semiconductor devices and their transport characteristics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15006.

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47

姚正康 and Ching-hong Yiu. "Time dependent study of quantum transport in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121485X.

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48

Wang, Baigeng. "General gauge invariant theory of transport in mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239390.

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Li, Jian, and 李牮. "Spin transport in mesoscopic systems with spin-orbit coupling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39794015.

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Qiao, Zhenhua, and 喬振華. "Charge and spin transport in two-dimensional mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182281.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesoscopic transport in graphene'

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