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Journal articles on the topic 'Mesoporous structures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Wang, Hongjuan, Xuefei Liu, Olena Saliy, Wei Hu, and Jingui Wang. "Robust Amino-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Hollow Spheres Templated by CO2 Bubbles." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010053.

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Hollow-structured mesoporous silica has wide applications in catalysis and drug delivery due to its high surface area, large hollow space, and short diffusion mesochannels. However, the synthesis of hollow structures usually requires sacrificial templates, leading to increased production costs and environmental problems. Here, for the first time, amino-functionalized mesoporous silica hollow spheres were synthesized by using CO2 gaseous bubbles as templates. The assembly of anionic surfactants, co-structure directing agents, and inorganic silica precursors around CO2 bubbles formed the mesoporous silica shells. The hollow silica spheres, 200–400 nm in size with 20–30 nm spherical shell thickness, had abundant amine groups on the surface of the mesopores, indicating excellent applications for CO2 capture, Knoevenagel condensation reaction, and the controlled release of Drugs.

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2

Tao, Yousheng, H. Tanaka, T. Ohkubo, H. Kanoh, and K. Kaneko. "Pore Structures of ZSM-5 Synthesized in the Mesopore Spaces of a Carbon Aerogel." Adsorption Science & Technology 21, no. 2 (March 2003): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361703769013925.

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A mesoporous ZSM-5 monolith several millimetres in size has been synthesized employing the template method and using a carbon aerogel with uniform mesopores. Measurement of the pore-size distribution using nitrogen adsorption showed a bimodal pore system of mesopores and micropores whose average pore widths were 8 nm and 0.51 nm, and whose volumes were 0.09 cm3/g and 0.34 cm3/g, respectively.

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3

Paik, Jong-Ah, Shih-Kang Fan, Chang-Jin Kim, Ming C. Wu, and Bruce Dunn. "Micromachining of mesoporous oxide films for microelectromechanical system structures." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 8 (August 2002): 2121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0313.

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The high porosity and uniform pore size of mesoporous oxide films offer unique opportunities for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices that require low density and low thermal conductivity. This paper provides the first report in which mesoporous films were adapted for MEMS applications. Mesoporous SiO2 and Al2O3 films were prepared by spin coating using block copolymers as the structure-directing agents. The resulting films were over 50% porous with uniform pores of 8-nm average diameter and an extremely smooth surface. The photopatterning and etching characteristics of the mesoporous films were investigated and processing protocols were established which enabled the films to serve as the sacrificial layer or the structure layer in MEMS devices. The unique mesoporous morphology leads to novel behavior including extremely high etching rates and the ability to etch underlying layers. Surface micromachining methods were used to fabricate three basic MEMS structures, microbridges, cantilevers, and membranes, from the mesoporous oxides.

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4

E. Sangok, Faustina, Sabrina M. Yahaya, Izza Taib Nurul, Siti Zaleha Sa'ad, and Nor Fazila Rasaruddin. "Comparison Study of Amino-Functionalized and Mercaptopropyl-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica MCM-41." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1603.

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The ability to decorate silicate surface with different organoalkoxysilanes creates powerful new capabilities for catalyst, adsorbents and chemical separation. Mesopororus silica, MCM-41 was modified by grafting of amino and mercaptopropyl functional group. The structures of these materials were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The samples were found to exhibit structural properties similar to those reported earlier. Significant functional groups of the modified mesoporous silicates were found in the spectrum of FT-IR. Standard structure of mesoporous silicates were found to be preserved at planar [100] of XRD difractogram of mesoporous silicates. Adsorption of Cu (II) ions were done under different temperatures, initial concentrations and pH. Adsorption process also was determined from kinetic point of view and was found to be better fitted to pseudo second order of kinetic model.

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Chen, Ai Min, Pei Gu, and Jun Hu. "A New Mesoporous Magnesium Borate Microsphere Synthesized Using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as Template ." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.260.

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In this paper, we report a simple strategy for fabricating mesoporous magnesium borate (2MgO·B2O3) microspheres. We employed sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in one system, as a template for the controlled growth of mesoporous 2MgO·B2O3microspheres. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, N2sorption and FT-IR. SEM and TEM observations indicate magnesium borate products are composed of a large number of hollow microspheres, with diameters of 1.0~1.5 μm, which are in fact built from fibers with lengths of 100~150 nm. The N2sorption results show that the products have meso-structures. The average pore diameter is 27 nm. The BET surface area is about 53.03 m2/g, and the pore volume is 0.37 m3/g. It was found that SDS plays a key role for the formation of mesoporous structure. A possible mechanism was proposed to interpret the formation of the mesoporous structure. The mesopores will endow the hierarchical microspheres with novel application potentials.

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6

Zhang, Qian, Minying Wu, Yuanyuan Fang, Chao Deng, Hsin-Hui Shen, Yi Tang, and Yajun Wang. "Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Hollow Spheres for Nano-Bioreactor Application." Nanomaterials 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111940.

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Mesoporous silica materials have attracted great research interest for various applications ranging from (bio)catalysis and sensing to drug delivery. It remains challenging to prepare hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) with large center-radial mesopores that could provide a more efficient transport channel through the cell for guest molecules. Here, we propose a novel strategy for the preparation of HMSN with large dendritic mesopores to achieve higher enzyme loading capacity and more efficient bioreactors. The materials were prepared by combining barium sulfate nanoparticles (BaSO4 NP) as a hard template and the in situ-formed 3-aminophenol/formaldehyde resin as a porogen for directing the dendritic mesopores’ formation. HMSNs with different particle sizes, shell thicknesses, and pore structures have been prepared by choosing BaSO4 NP of various sizes and adjusting the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate added in synthesis. The obtained HMSN-1.1 possesses a high pore volume (1.07 cm3 g−1), a large average pore size (10.9 nm), and dendritic mesopores that penetrated through the shell. The advantages of HMSNs are also demonstrated for enzyme (catalase) immobilization and subsequent use of catalase-loaded HMSNs as bioreactors for catalyzing the H2O2 degradation reaction. The hollow and dendritic mesoporous shell features of HMSNs provide abundant tunnels for molecular transport and more accessible surfaces for molecular adsorption, showing great promise in developing efficient nanoreactors and drug delivery vehicles.

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7

Sakamoto, Yasuhiro. "Aperiodic Crystals at the Mesoscale." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091074.

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Materials with mesoscale structural characteristics have attracted great attention across the fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science. A typical example is mesoporous silica, which are synthesized in water/surfactant/silica systems, and has well-defined mesopores resulting in high surface area. Mesoporous silicas have two defining structural characteristics: (i) disorder at the atomic scale, i.e. only short-range order; and (ii) distinct order at the mesoscale, i.e. long-range order. Atomic-scale structural characterization by common diffraction techniques, such as X-ray single crystal diffraction, is challenging for these partially ordered materials. This is because of the difficulty in obtaining large (> 10 µm) single crystals, and because large-distance periodic features cause diffraction intensities to fall off rapidly with scattering angle, so that only limited small-angle data are available. On the other hand, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for structural characterization at the mesoscale level due to the stronger interaction of electrons with matter compared to X-rays, enabling the use of very small crystals. In particular, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images give the phase and the amplitude of the crystal structure factors experimentally, leading to a 3D structural model by electron crystallography. Cage-type anionic-surfactant-templated mesoporous silicas display rich structural diversity. Among them, cage-type mesoporous silica with tetrahedrally close-packed (TCP) structures can be described by four types of polyhedra, 5^12, 5^12 6^2, 5^12 6^3, and 5^12 6^4.[1] A variety of structural polymorph have been observed and characterized by TEM. Their structures show a close resemblance to the Frank-Kasper phases, which are well known in intermetallic compounds. We found mesoporous silica with dodecagonal quasicrystalline ordering as one of the TCP structures (Figure).[2] In this presentation, I will discuss structural characterization of aperiodic crystals at the mesoscale, such as mesoporous silicas and binary colloidal crystals, by electron microscopy.

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8

Avakyants, Lev P., Sergey E. Svyakhovskiy, Artem E. Aslanyan, and Anatoliy V. Chervyakov. "Photoreflectance in Monolayer Mesoporous Silicon Structures." Journal of Russian Laser Research 41, no. 3 (May 2020): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-020-09866-w.

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9

Zha, Zhenlong, Wenjun Zhu, Feng Chen, Junchao Qian, Xiao-Qin Liu, Lin-Bing Sun, Zhengying Wu, and Zhigang Chen. "Facile Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticle-Functionalized Mesoporous SiO2 for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions." Catalysts 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100809.

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In this study, a series of Co3O4 nanoparticle-functionalized mesoporous SiO2 (Co–SiO2) were successfully synthesized via a spontaneous infiltration route. Co species were firstly infiltrated into the confined spaces between the surfactant and silica walls, with the assistance of grinding CoCl3·6H2O and the as-prepared mesoporous SiO2. Then, Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were formed and grown in the limited space of the mesopores, after calcination. Structures, morphologies, and compositions of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrum, N2 adsorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Results showed that the high content of Co (rCo:Si = 0.17) can be efficiently dispersed into the mesoporous SiO2 as forms of Co3O4 NPs, and the structural ordering of the mesoporous SiO2 was well-preserved at the same time. The Co3O4 NP functionalized mesoporous SiO2 materials were used as Fenton-like catalysts for removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The catalyst prepared at rCo:Si = 0.17 could completely remove the high-concentration of MB (120 mg·L−1), and also showed an excellent performance with a removal capacity of 138 mg·g−1 to 180 mg·L−1 of MB. Catalytic mechanisms were further revealed, based on the degradation results.

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10

Delgado González, Diana Catherine, Andrés Di Donato, Paolo Nicolas Catalano, and Martín Gonzalo Bellino. "Silver Nanoparticle-Based Arrays into Mesoporous Thin Films Structures for Photoelectronic Circuits." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 3 (February 19, 2019): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413714666180716153501.

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Background: Silver nanosystems have attracted considerable attention for numerous applications in optoelectronics. The localized surface plasmon of silver nanoparticles embedded into mesoporous titania gives rise to an enhancement of local optical field in the vicinity of Ag nanoparticles which act as efficient light-trapping components, resulting in a visible wavelength-dependent photocurrent. Objective: In this paper, we synthetized patterned nanocomposites formed by titania mesoporous thin films loaded with alkanethiol functionalized Ag nanoparticles and we demonstrated that these stable and accessible nanostructures possess a photocurrent response. Method: Mesoporous thin films are created by combining sol-gel synthesis and template selfassembly. Based on a photolithography technique, silver nanoparticles were selectively photodeposited and then stabilized with octanethiols. Current vs. voltage curves with and without light were compared, where selective light wavelength measurements were achieved by using visible bandpass filters. The optofluidic behavior was evaluated by placing a drop of solutions on the mesoporous film. Results: We demonstrate photocurrent in these mesoporous thin film structures decorated with chemistabilized Ag nanoparticle-based conductive arrays, with significantly enhanced photocurrent peak at the plasmon resonant wavelength around 540 nm. Our findings offer a possibility to perform improved fluid detection with silver-mesoporous titania electronic devices. Conclusion: We showed that an optofluidic sensitive nanocomposite circuit consisting of alkanethiol- functionalized metal nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous oxide thin film matrix can be produced.

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11

Banerjee, Shilpi, and Dipankar Chakravorty. "Multifunctional Mesoporous Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 736 (December 2012): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.736.98.

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Multifunctional behaviour viz., ferroelectric, ferromagnetic and magnetodielectric coupling has been reported in a number of nanocomposites. The latter were synthesized by growing nanoparticles of different kinds within a suitable matrix. Different morphologies of the particles were introduced. Both natural as well as synthetic mesoporous materials were used to prepare nanocomposite systems. Mesoporous structures with large surface areas and pore volumes were found to be effective in developing most efficient drug delivery systems. For identical reasons such structures were suitable as catalysts in various industrially important reaction processes, as humidity and gas sensors, as magnetic sensors. Mesoporous carbon based nanocomposites used as electrodes were found to improve the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries. Nanocomposites using mesoporous carbon and carbon nanotubes were shown to improve the performance of dye sensitized solar cells. In this article, the above mentioned developments are reviewed and discussed.

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12

Akarsu, Elif, and Tevhit Karacalı. "Porous Silicon Fabry-Perot Sensor Fabrication." International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches 7, no. 4 (May 4, 2023): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.559.

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Porous silicon structures are widely used in gas sensor applications. The reason for this is that the gas holding capacity of the porous structure is quite high. In this study, mesoporous structures were obtained. It has been proven by studies that mesoporous structures are superior to other pore structures in gas retention and gas detection. In addition, fabry-perot structures were obtained by impact etching. SEM images and XPS results of fabry-perot porous structures were obtained.

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13

Zou, L., L. Li, H. Song, and G. Morris. "Improving the capacitive deionisation performance by optimising pore structures of the electrodes." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 5 (March 1, 2010): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.879.

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In this paper, three types of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) were synthesised by an original template method and a modified sol-gel process involving nickel salts. The effects of pore arrangement pattern (ordered and random), and pore size distribution (mesoporous and microporous) on the desalination performance were investigated by comparing mesoporous carbons with activated carbons (ACs). It is found that the mesoporous carbons prepared by addition of nickel salts demonstrated higher specific capacitances than mesoporous carbons without nickel salts and the activated carbon electrodes. Their electrosorptive deionisation properties were also compared in a dilute NaCl solution (conductivity 100 μS cm−1), the amount of adsorbed ions are measured by a flow though apparatus in the laboratory. It is found that the amounts of the adsorbed ions are 15.9 μmol g−1 for OMCs involving nickel in the synthesis process, 10.3 μmol g−1 for OMC not involving nickel salts and 4.7 μmol g−1 for ACs.

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14

Tao, Guiju, Wenjun He, Yu Wang, Fengping Yu, Junwei Ge, and Weimin Yang. "Dispersity, mesoporous structure and particle size modulation of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with excellent adsorption performance." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 38 (2018): 13345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt01940a.

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15

Liu, Jian, Tingting Liu, Jian Pan, Shaomin Liu, and G. Q. (Max) Lu. "Advances in Multicompartment Mesoporous Silica Micro/Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084225.

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are promising functional nanomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and cancer therapy. This is due to their low density, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, large specific surface areas, and excellent thermal and mechanical stability. The past decade has seen rapid advances in the development of MSNs with multiple compartments. These include hierarchical porous structures and core-shell, yolk-shell, and Janus structured particles for efficient diagnosis and therapeutic applications. We review advances in this area, covering the categories of multicompartment MSNs and their synthesis methods, with an emphasis on hierarchical structures and the incorporation of multiple functions. We classify multicompartment mesoporous silica micro/nanostructures, ranging from core-shell and yolk-shell structures to Janus and raspberry-like nanoparticles, and discuss their synthesis methods. We review applications of these multicompartment MSNs, including bioimaging, targeted drug/gene delivery, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and in vitro diagnostics. We also highlight the latest trends and new opportunities.

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16

Parker, G. J., M. D. B. Charlton, M. E. Zoorob, J. J. Baumberg, M. C. Netti, and T. Lee. "Highly engineered mesoporous structures for optical processing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1838 (November 29, 2005): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1693.

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Arranging periodic, or quasi-periodic, regions of differing refractive index in one, two, or three dimensions can form a unique class of mesoporous structures. These structures are generally known as photonic crystals, or photonic quasicrystals, and they are the optical analogue of semiconducting materials. Whereas a semiconductor's band structure arises from the interaction of electron or hole waves with an arrangement of ion cores, the photonic crystal band structure results from the interaction of light waves with an arrangement of regions of differing refractive index. What makes photonic crystals highly attractive to the optical engineer is that we can actually place the regions of differing refractive index in a pattern specifically tailored to produce a given optical function, such as an extremely high dispersion, for example. That is, we can define the geometrical arrangement of the dielectric foam to provide us with the form of band structure we require for our optical functionality. In this paper, the optical properties and applications of these highly engineered mesoporous dielectrics will be discussed.

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17

Tan, Haibo, Jing Tang, Xin Zhou, Dmitri Golberg, Suresh K. Bhatia, Yoshiyuki Sugahara, and Yusuke Yamauchi. "Preparation of 3D open ordered mesoporous carbon single-crystals and their structural evolution during ammonia activation." Chemical Communications 54, no. 68 (2018): 9494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05318a.

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18

Sacramento, R. A., O. M. S. Cysneiros, B. J. B. Silva, and A. O. S. Silva. "Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous materials with SBA and MCM structure types." Cerâmica 65, no. 376 (December 2019): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132019653762628.

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Abstract Mesoporous materials are promising structures for application in catalysis and adsorption due to high surface area and large pore size. Mesoporous materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method with novel surfactants, distinct from those observed in the literature, in order to carry out a study of its structure and to obtain materials with better textural properties. The structures synthesized with the surfactants Igepal CO630 and Brij O20 presented the best results of specific surface area, 1074 and 1075 m2.g-1, respectively. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, TG/DTG, N2 adsorption-desorption, and FTIR techniques. XRD patterns indicated that the highly ordered mesoporous silica structures, such as MCM-41 and MCM-48, using CTMABr as the structure-directing agent and the SBA-15, SBA-16 and other SBA structures using different block copolymers were obtained. Through N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, it was observed type IV isotherms, attributed to mesoporous materials. The FTIR spectra presented similar behaviors with characteristic vibrational bands of MCM and SBA type materials.

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19

Mehdipour-Ataei, Shahram, and Elham Aram. "Mesoporous Carbon-Based Materials: A Review of Synthesis, Modification, and Applications." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010002.

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Mesoporous carbon materials have attracted both academic and industrial interests because of their outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as high surface area, large pore-volume, good thermostability, improved mass transport, and diffusion. Mesoporous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures can be synthesized via different methods. Their unique properties have made them a suitable choice for various applications, such as energy-storage batteries, supercapacitors, biosensors, fuel cells, adsorption/separation of various molecules, catalysts/catalyst support, enzyme immobilization, and drug delivery, in different fields. This review covers the fabrication techniques of mesoporous carbon structures and their typical applications in various fields and features a brief introduction of the functionalization and modification of mesoporous carbons.

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20

Zhou, Yan, Wen Peng Zhang, Gang Wang, Yan Qing Zhang, Jian Hua Cao, and Da Yong Wu. "Effect of Cosurfactants on Pore Sizes of Continuous Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silica Nanofibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.13.

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Highly ordered mesoporous silica nanofibers with no core/sheath structure were prepared by coaxial electrospinning combined with the solvent evaporation induced surfactant assembly process. The mesoporous structures have been proved and the effect of different cosurfactants on pore sizes of mesoporous silica nanofibers has been investigated.

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21

Mirzaei, Masoud, Malihe Babaei Zarch, Mahdieh Darroudi, Khalilollah Sayyadi, Seyed Tahmoures Keshavarz, Jalil Sayyadi, Azadeh Fallah, and Hajar Maleki. "Silica Mesoporous Structures: Effective Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery and Nanocatalysts." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217533.

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The application of silica mesoporous structures in drug delivery and the removal of pollutants and organic compounds through catalytic reactions is increasing due to their unique characteristics, including high loading capacities, tunable pores, large surface areas, sustainability, and so on. This review focuses on very well-studied class of different construction mesoporous silica nano(particles), such as MCM-41, SBA-15, and SBA-16. We discuss the essential parameters involved in the synthesis of these materials with providing a diverse set of examples. In addition, the recent advances in silica mesoporous structures for drug delivery and catalytic applications are presented to fill the existing gap in the literature with providing some promising examples on this topic for the scientists in both industry and academia active in the field. Regarding the catalytic applications, mesoporous silica particles have shown some promises to remove the organic pollutants and to synthesize final products with high yields due to the ease with which their surfaces can be modified with various ligands to create appropriate interactions with target molecules. In the drug delivery process, as nanocarriers, they have also shown very good performance thanks to the easy surface functionalization but also adjustability of their porosities to providing in-vivo and in-vitro cargo delivery at the target site with appropriate rate.

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22

Makovicky, E. "Micro- and Mesoporous Sulfide and Selenide Structures." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 403–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2005.57.11.

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23

Lebedev, O. I., D. Liang, and G. Van Tendeloo. "Zeolite and MCM nano- and mesoporous structures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305098764.

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24

Fuess, H., C. Kirschhock, and C. Pophal. "Crystallography of micro- and mesoporous framework structures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (August 8, 1996): C400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396083511.

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25

Sjoholm, Kyle H., and Shelley D. Minteer. "Development of Conductive Mesoporous Structures from Chitosan." ECS Transactions 35, no. 26 (December 16, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3646487.

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26

Terasaki, Osamu, Tetsu Ohsuna, Mizue Kaneda, Yasuhiro Sakamoto, Kenji Hiraga, Anna Carlsson, Ryong Ryoo, Viveka Alfredsson, and Michael W. Anderson. "Fine Structures of Zeolites and Mesoporous Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032530.

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Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates with frameworks built from corner-sharing TO4- tetrahedra(where T is Si or Al but can also be substituted with P, Ga, Ge, etc.) to produce channels or cavities of molecular dimensions. Owing to these characteristic features, zeolites have attracted much attention not only for catalytic applications but also as containers of confined materials. In most circumstances zeolites can only be synthesized as fine powders, ca. 1 μm, and the additional presence of defects or intergrowths makes structure solution difficult. HREM is therefore one of the most important tools for the investigation of such structures and the early work of Thomas and his group in Cambridge were dedicated to developing such techniques. The advantage of HREM has been subsequently demonstrated especially for characterizing and determining fine structures, e.g. (i) zeolite intergrowths structures such as ERI/OFF and FAU/EMT, (ii) enantiomeric intergrowths of structural units in ETS-10 and structural solution, (iii) surface structures and growth units and (iv) size of clusters and their registry with the framework structures.

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27

Han, Yu, and Daliang Zhang. "Ordered mesoporous silica materials with complicated structures." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 1, no. 2 (May 2012): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2011.11.001.

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28

Garcia-Bennett, Alfonso E., Changhong Xiao, Chunfang Zhou, Toen Castle, Keiichi Miyasaka, and Osamu Terasaki. "Bicontinuous Cubic Mesoporous Materials with Biphasic Structures." Chemistry - A European Journal 17, no. 48 (October 27, 2011): 13510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201101831.

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29

Platschek, Barbara, Andreas Keilbach, and Thomas Bein. "Mesoporous Structures Confined in Anodic Alumina Membranes." Advanced Materials 23, no. 21 (April 12, 2011): 2395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201002828.

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30

Yuan, Li, and Vadim V. Guliants. "Mesoporous niobium oxides with tailored pore structures." Journal of Materials Science 43, no. 18 (September 2008): 6278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2904-7.

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31

Konegger, Thomas, Herwig Peterlik, and Rajendra K. Bordia. "Micro-/Mesoporous Polymer-Derived Ceramic Structures Using Molecular Porogens." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.310.

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Micro-and mesoporous ceramics demonstrate promising properties for applications in energy-and environment-related fields. Due to their high thermal and chemical stability, they are particularly suited for separation in harsh thermal or chemical environments, e.g. as membrane materials for the separation of gas mixtures. In this work, we present the use of a preceramic poly(vinyl)silazane in combination with organic molecular porogens for the generation of micro-/mesoporous non-oxide ceramic structures. Microporosity is generated during the pyrolytic conversion process, while the addition of molecular porogens, to be removed during the heat-treatment, enables further control of the micro-/mesopore structure. A systematic investigation of various porogens showed the suitability of polystyrene for this purpose. Based on these findings, the pore structure and pore connectivity of polysilazane/polystyrene-derived structures were evaluated using gas physisorption and small angle X-ray scattering techniques. This material was further investigated by preparing asymmetric membranes consisting of micro-/mesoporous polysilazane/polystyrene-derived layers on porous ZrO2/TiO2 supports. The potential for gas separation applications was then demonstrated by single-gas permance evaluation of the generated structures at temperatures up to 300 °C.

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Zhang, Wei, Yong Tian, Haili He, Li Xu, Wei Li, and Dongyuan Zhao. "Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials for energy and environmental applications." National Science Review 7, no. 11 (February 14, 2020): 1702–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa021.

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Abstract Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO2 materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO2 materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area.

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Devabharathi, Nehru, Sandeep Kumar Mondal, and Subho Dasgupta. "Inkjet-printed co-continuous mesoporous oxides for high-current power transistors." Nanoscale 11, no. 29 (2019): 13731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr04876f.

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Inkjet-printed co-continuous mesoporous structures have been demonstrated for a large set of functional oxides. Channel-length-independent electronic transport was achieved when the mesoporous oxides were used to obtain printed, vertical edge FETs.

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Cambedouzou, Julien, and Olivier Diat. "Measuring the specific surface area of mesoporous silica using x-ray scattering." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094005.

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The development of porous silica or carbon material with high specific surface area raises a high interest in the field of materials science given their potential interest in a wide range of applications including catalysis, water treatment or drug delivery. Among these mesoporous structures, those consisting of one-dimensional pores aligned along a compact hexagonal packing are of prime importance and can be referred to as "hexagonal mesoporous materials" (HMPM). The most famous silica structures of this kind are MCM-41 and SBA-15. The same symmetry can be found in carbon mesoporous materials, for example in FDU-15 structures. The precise characterization of HMPM is necessary for most of the applications envisioned for these materials (pore size, pore density, specific surface and sometimes thickness of the functionalization layer). Small angle X-ray scattering techniques offer the opportunity to determine the mean structural parameters of HMPM. Although different approaches can be found in the literature in order to numerically reproduce the experimental data obtained on HMPM or hexagonal liquid crystals, when the sample is a powder, fitting the experimental data in absolute scale with numerical models becomes necessary. However, with a large scattering contribution of grain at low q vector as well as short range correlation contribution at large q, the analysis is not so simple. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive study [1] devoted to the quantitative interpretation of small-angle scattering patterns of HMPM in terms of structure and specific surface estimation based on the formalism proposed by Spalla et al. [2]. In the case of two real samples, namely a SBA-15 and a MCM-41 powder, the specific surface area of the mesopores is estimated and is discussed in the light of gas adsorption measurements.

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Ha, Su-Jin, Dong Ha Kim, and Jun Hyuk Moon. "N-doped mesoporous inverse opal structures for visible-light photocatalysts." RSC Advances 5, no. 95 (2015): 77716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13198g.

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Niu, Ben, Xin Wang, Kai Wu, Xianru He, and Rui Zhang. "Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and Applications in Photocatalysis, Energy and Biology." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101910.

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Mesoporous materials are materials with high surface area and intrinsic porosity, and therefore have attracted great research interest due to these unique structures. Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely studied mesoporous materials given its special characters and enormous applications. In this article, we highlight the significant work on mesoporous TiO2 including syntheses and applications, particularly in the field of photocatalysis, energy and biology. Different synthesis methods of mesoporous TiO2—including sol–gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal method, and other template methods—are covered and compared. The applications in photocatalysis, new energy batteries and in biological fields are demonstrated. New research directions and significant challenges of mesoporous TiO2 are also discussed.

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Wang, Yangang, Yanqin Wang, Xiaohui Liu, Yun Guo, Yanglong Guo, Guanzhong Lu, and Ferdi Schüth. "Nanocasted Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxides and Mixed Oxides from Mesoporous Cubic (Ia3d) Vinylsilica." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 5652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.226.

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Mesoporous metal oxides and mixed oxides, such as NiO, CeO2, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Mn2O3, NiFe2O4 and CexZr1−xO2 (x = 0.8 and 0.6) have been synthesized by nanocasting from mesoporous cubic (Ia3d) vinyl-functionalized silica (vinylsilica). Their structural properties were characterized by XRD, TEM, N2-sorption and Raman spectra. Thus-prepared mesoporous materials possess a high BET surface area (110–190 m2g−1), high pore volume (0.25–0.40 cm3g−1) and relatively ordered structures. The catalytic properties of Cr2O3 were tested in the oxidation of toluene. The mesoporous Cr2O3 exhibits unusually high catalytic activity in the complete oxidation of toluene as compared with commercial Cr2O3.

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Yun, Hui Suk. "Design of Hierarchically Porous Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration." Key Engineering Materials 441 (June 2010): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.441.139.

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Mesoporous materials synthesized using a polymer templating route have attracted considerable attention in the field of bone tissue regeneration because their unique pore textural properties (high specific surface area, pore volume and controllable mesopore structure) can promote rapid bone formation. In addition, their potential use as a drug delivery system has been highlighted. The scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration should contain 3D interconnected pores ranging in size from 10 to 1000 μm for successful cell migration, nutrient delivery, bone in-growth and vascularization. Meso-sized pores are too small to carry out these roles, even though mesoporous materials have attractive functionalities for bone tissue regeneration. Therefore, a technique linking mesoporous materials with the general scaffolds is required. This paper reviews recent studies relating the development of new porous scaffolds containing mesopores for using in bone tissue regeneration. All the suggested methods, such as a combination of polymer templating methods and rapid prototyping technique can provide hierarchically 3D porous bioactive scaffolds with well interconnected pore structures in the nano to macro size range, good molding capability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. The new fabrication techniques suggested can potentially be used to design ideal scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration.

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Asefa, Tewodros, and Zhimin Tao. "Mesoporous silica and organosilica materials — Review of their synthesis and organic functionalization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 12 (December 2012): 1015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-094.

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Mesoporous silica and organosilica materials are a class of nanostructured materials that have porous structures with tunable nanometer pores, large surface areas, high pore volumes, and, in some cases, well-ordered mesostructures. Furthermore, in the case of mesoporous organosilicas, the materials possess various types of organic functional groups. This review highlights the different synthetic methods developed for mesoporous silica and organosilica nanomaterials. The review also discusses the various synthetic strategies used to functionalize the surfaces of mesoporous silica materials and produce highly functionalized mesoporous materials. Rational design and synthetic methods developed to place judiciously chosen one or more than one type of functional group(s) on the surfaces of mesoporous silica materials and generate monofunctional and multifunctional mesoporous silica materials are also introduced. These organic functionalization methods have made possible the synthesis of organically functionalized mesoporous silicas and mesoporous organosilicas with various interesting properties and many potential applications in different areas, ranging from catalysis to drug delivery and biosensing.

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Shi, Xiaoqin, Chen Yang, Liang Zhang, Zhongding Lu, Yun Zhu, Dayu Tang, Chong Cui, and Haibo Zeng. "Mesoporous Alumina Microfibers In Situ Transformation from AACH Fibers and the Adsorption Performance." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/381235.

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Well-dispersed mesoporousγ-alumina microfibers with high surface were prepared by thermal decomposition of the ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) precursors. The as-synthesized alumina retained the morphology of its precursor and exhibited memory effect. The structural, morphological, porous, and adsorptive properties of the samples were investigated by XRD, FTIR, TGA-DSC, SEM, TEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The preparedγ-alumina microfibers exhibited excellent ability to remove organic pollutants from waste water because of their mesoporous structures. Theγ-alumina in situ converted from AACH synthesized without surfactant exhibited adsorption ability for Congo red as good as that synthesized with PEG2000 and better than PEG20000 that provided a facile method without surfactant to synthesizeγ-alumina with excellent adsorption performance.

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Schacht, S., Q. Huo, I. G. Voigt-Martin, G. D. Stucky, and F. Schuth. "Oil-Water Interface Templating of Mesoporous Macroscale Structures." Science 273, no. 5276 (August 9, 1996): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5276.768.

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Tian, Zheng-Rong, Wei Tong, Jin-Yun Wang, Nian-Gao Duan, Venkatesan V. Krishnan, and Steven L. Suib. "Manganese Oxide Mesoporous Structures: Mixed-Valent Semiconducting Catalysts." Science 276, no. 5314 (May 9, 1997): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5314.926.

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Shukrun Farrell, Efrat, Yaelle Schilt, May Yam Moshkovitz, Yael Levi-Kalisman, Uri Raviv, and Shlomo Magdassi. "3D Printing of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Complex Structures." Nano Letters 20, no. 9 (August 4, 2020): 6598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02364.

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Wang, Xianhua, Feng Chen, Hewei Liu, Weiwei Liang, Qing Yang, Jinhai Si, and Xun Hou. "Femtosecond laser-induced mesoporous structures on silicon surface." Optics Communications 284, no. 1 (January 2011): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.08.039.

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Yao, Nan, Shengli Cao, and King Lun Yeung. "Mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 aerogels with hierarchal pore structures." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 117, no. 3 (January 2009): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.08.020.

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Chae, Weon-Sik, and Paul V. Braun. "Templated Mesoporous Silica Colloids with Controlled Internal Structures." Chemistry of Materials 19, no. 23 (November 2007): 5593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm071642p.

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Svyakhovskiy, Sergey E., Anton I. Maydykovsky, and Tatiana V. Murzina. "Mesoporous silicon photonic structures with thousands of periods." Journal of Applied Physics 112, no. 1 (July 2012): 013106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4732087.

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Nguyen, Thanh‐Dinh, and Mark J. MacLachlan. "Double Twisted Photonic Honeycomb Frameworks with Mesoporous Structures." Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 6 (January 9, 2019): 1801275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801275.

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Liu, Jian, Shi Zhang Qiao, Qiu Hong Hu, and Gao Qing Max Lu. "Magnetic Nanocomposites with Mesoporous Structures: Synthesis and Applications." Small 7, no. 4 (January 19, 2011): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201001402.

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Xu, De Lan, Chang Wang Shao, Feng Jiao Chen, and Guo Wei Zhou. "Synthesis of the Mesoporous Silica with Different Morphological Structure by Modifying the Solution Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2280.

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Mesoporous silica with different morphological structure had been prepared using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as co-surfactant templates and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as silica source. Variation on the morphological structure can be achieved by adjusting the solution conditions. The mesoporous silica with varied morphologies and pore structures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Based on experimental results, the mesoporous silica morphologies including vesicle-like and hollow nanospheres with mesoporous shell has been proposed. It was also observed a transformation from vesicle-like silica to hollow nanospheres with mesoporous shell by regulating the solution conditions.

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