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Sharbatdar, Mahkame. "Anisotropic mesh adaptation : recovering quasi-structured meshes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43568.
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An adaptive method for producing anisotropic quasi-structured meshes is presented in this thesis. Current anisotropic adaptation schemes produce meshes without any regular structure which can hurt accuracy and efficiency of the solution. By modifying the anisotropic adaptation schemes, producing aligned, quasi-structured meshes is possible which means that the accuracy and efficiency of the flow solution are improved. By using quasi-structured meshes, we can get the advantages of flexibility of unstructured meshes for complex geometries and accuracy of the high directional qualities of the structured meshes at the same time. The construction of the quasi-structured meshes from initial isotropic unstructured meshes is accomplished by assigning metrics to vertices based on the error estimation methods. The metrics are used to communicate the desired anisotropy to the meshing program. After assigning a metric to each vertex, the mesh is refined anisotropically using four mesh quality improvements operations to produce high quality anisotropic quasi-structured meshes: swapping to choose the diagonal of the quadrilateral formed by two neighboring triangles which results the maximum quality, inserting vertices for large triangles, vertex removal to eliminate small edges and vertex movements to optimize the location of the vertices so that quasi-structured meshes are created. The idea in the optimization process is to smooth a vertex location by seeking so that the final mesh contains target elements dictated by the metrics assigned in the three vertices of that triangle. The final, high quality mesh is produced by using these operations iteratively based on the metrics assigned to each vertex in an adaptive, solution-based process.
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Dapogny, Charles. "Shape optimization, level set methods on unstructured meshes and mesh evolution." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066498.
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L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de concevoir une méthode d’optimisation de structures qui jouitd’une description exacte (i. E. Au moyen d’un maillage) de la forme à chaque itération du processus, touten bénéficiant des avantages de la méthode des lignes de niveaux lorsqu’il s’agit de suivre leur évolution. Indépendamment, on étudie également deux problèmes de modélisation en optimisation structurale. Dans une première partie bibliographique, on présente quelques notions classiques, ainsi qu’un état del’art sommaire autour des trois thématiques principales de la thèse - méthode des lignes de niveaux (Chapitre1), optimisation de formes (Chapitre 2) et maillage (Chapitre 3). La seconde partie de ce manuscrit traite de deux questions en optimisation de formes, celle de la répartitionoptimale de plusieurs matériaux au sein d’une structure donnée (Chapitre 4), et celle de l’optimisation robustede fonctions dépendant du domaine lorsque des perturbations s’exercent sur le modèle (Chapitre 5). Dans une troisième partie, on étudie laconception de schémas numériques en lien avec la méthode deslignes de niveaux lorsque le maillage de calcul est simplicial (et potentiellement adapté). Le calcul de ladistance signée à un domaine est étudié dans le chapitre 6, et la résolution de l’équation de transport d’unefonction ‘level set’ est détaillée dans le chapitre 7. La quatrième partie (Chapitre 8) traite des aspects de la thèse liés à la modification locale de maillagessurfaciques et volumiques. Enfin, la dernière partie (Chapitre 9) détaille la stratégie conçue pour l’évolution de maillage en optimisation de formes, à partir des ingrédients des chapitres 6, 7 et 8The main purpose of this thesis is to propose a method for structural optimization which combines theaccuracy of featuring an exact description of shapes (i. E. With a mesh) at each iteration of the process withthe versatility of the level set method for tracking their evolution. Independently, we also study two problemsrelated to modeling in structural optimization. In the first, bibliographical part, we present several classical notions, together with some recent developmentsabout the three main issues of this thesis - namely level set methods (Chapter 1), shape optimization(Chapter 2), and meshing (Chapter 3). The second part of this manuscript deals with two issues in shape optimization, that of the optimalrepartition of several materials within a fixed structure (Chapter 4), and that of the robust optimization offunctions depending on the domain when perturbations are expected over the considered mechanical model. In the third part, we study the design of numerical schemes for performing the level set method onsimplicial (and possibly adapted) computational meshes. The computation of the signed distance functionto a domain is investigated in Chapter 6, and the resolution of the level set advection equation is presentedin Chapter 7. The fourth part (Chapter 8) is devoted to the meshing techniques introduced in this thesis. Eventually, the last part (Chapter 9) describes the proposed strategy for mesh evolution in the contextof shape optimization, relying on the numerical ingredients introduced in Chapters 7, 8, 9
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Hindenlang, Florian [Verfasser]. "Mesh Curving Techniques for High Order Parallel Simulations on Unstructured Meshes / Florian Hindenlang." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060587653/34.
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Molchanov, Vladimir [Verfasser]. "Particle-mesh and meshless methods for a class of barotropic fluids / Vladimir Molchanov." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1034984292/34.
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Kim, Min-Su. "Wavelet transform based digital watermarking for 3-D surface meshes and mesh sequences." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0012/these.pdf.
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This thesis deals with digital watermarking methods for copyright protection of 3-D surface meshes and mesh sequences. The proposed methods are based on wavelet analysis of the geometry of the surface meshes, or on wavelet analysis of the vertex coordinate signals along the time axis. Static meshes. The first proposal embeds the watermark into the L2 norm of the geometric wavelet coefficients. The Cartesian coordinates should be converted into the spherical coordinates. For the invariance of the wavelet coefficients after inverse wavelet transform, it is necessary to synchronize the connectivity by re-ordering the vertex indexes from a reference vertex. This approach ensures the blind detection which does not require the original meshes during watermark extraction procedures. The second proposal is based on a statistical approach. The histogram of the L2 norm of scale coefficients was divided into regular bins. The mean or the variance of each bin is modified according to the watermark by a non-linear exponential transformation. The watermark can be extracted from the distribution of the scale coefficients after wavelet analysis, as well as from the distribution of vertex norms of the watermarked meshes without using the wavelet analysis. Mesh sequence with fixed connectivity. Our proposals are based on the vertex coordinate signals along the time axis. The watermark is incorporated into the wavelets coefficients of each coordinates or into the vertex norm signal wavelet coefficients or scales coefficientsCette thèse propose des méthodes de protection des droits d’auteur, par tatouage numérique, d'objets en trois dimensions représentés par leur maillage triangulaire surfacique. Les approches proposées utilisent la décomposition en ondelettes du maillage ou des signaux associés à l’évolution des coordonnées des sommets de ce maillage au cours du temps. Maillages statiques. Une première proposition, incorpore le tatouage dans le module des coefficients d’ondelettes. Elle nécessite la transformation des coordonnées cartésiennes des sommets en coordonnées sphériques. Après la transformée en ondelettes inverse, les index des sommets sont réordonnés, afin d’assurer une invariance des coefficients d’ondelettes. Cette approche garantit l’extraction du tatouage sans le maillage original. Une deuxième proposition utilise une approche statistique. Elle incorpore le tatouage dans le module des coefficients d’échelles, par intervalles de leur histogramme. La moyenne ou la variance de chaque intervalle est modifiée par le tatouage à l’aide d’une transformation non linéaire exponentielle. Le tatouage peut être extrait, sans le maillage original, à partir de la distribution des coefficients d’échelle ou directement sur le maillage en pleine résolution. Séquences de maillages à connectivité constante. L'évolution temporelle des coordonnées des sommets est assimilée à trois signaux indépendants et le tatouage est incorporé dans les coefficients d’ondelettes de chacune des coordonnées, dans ceux du module de chaque sommet ou d'échelle de ce dernier signal
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Kim, Min-Su Prost Rémy Jung Ho-Youl. "Wavelet transform based digital watermarking for 3-D surface meshes and mesh sequences." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=kim_ms.
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Thèse doctorat : Traitement du Signal et Image : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2007. Thèse doctorat : Traitement du Signal et Image : Yeungnam University, Korea : 2007.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 119-127.
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Alharbi, Meshal Abdulaziz B. "Factors influencing project team effectiveness to achieve quality of building projects in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227840/1/Meshal%20Abdulaziz%20B_Alharbi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigated the organisational and project levels factors influencing team effectiveness to achieve quality of building projects in the KSA. Team effectiveness outcomes were also investigated. The research employed two data collection stages for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The survey was validated for evaluating perceived team effectiveness factors to achieve quality through the interviews. The principal component analysis and Thematic analysis were utilised. Relationships among team effectiveness factors were explored in the developed conceptual framework. The conceptual framework enables construction organisations to better understand the organisational and project levels influences on team effectiveness to achieve quality.
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Auffret, Thomas. "Mesure et juste mesure chez Platon." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010569.
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On examine ici deux concepts fondamentaux touchant la genèse et la structure du système platonicien, en proposant de les rapporter à deux modèles empruntés à la mathématique ancienne. Le premier est un postulat, usuellement désigné sous le nom d’axiome d’Eudoxe – Archimède, le second un algorithme de calcul : l’anthyphérèse. Tous deux ressortissent à la théorie mathématique développée par Théétète à la suite des travaux logistiques de Théodore ; il a semblé que leur articulation constituait le socle théorique de la réponse platonicienne à la thèse protagoréenne de l’homo mensura. On a suggéré de replacer cette dernière dans le cadre d’une polémique ancienne regardant la consistance du concept mathématique de mesure, dont la notion naïve fut remise en cause par la découverte successive des rapports incommensurables puis d’ensembles non–archimédiens : les angles mixtilignes. Cela impliquait de réexaminer les rapports possibles entre mathématiques et sophistique : on a choisi à cet effet l’exemple de la quadratrice d’Hippias d’Élis. Il convenait aussi d’envisager la liaison étroite qu’entretiennent la dialectique platonicienne et cette science métrétique rénovée que Platon nomme «juste mesure». On a tenté de montrer comment celle-ci pouvait informer certains procédés de celle-là, à partir de l’étude de quelques passages des dialogues qui jalonnent la dernière période de Platon. La théorie de la division appliquée aux Idées, comme l’analyse et la constitution des mixtes cosmologique, politique et individuel ont ainsi paru pouvoir être examinées dans le cadre de cette hypothèseTwo mathematical notions seem to structure Plato’s theory of measure. The first one is a postulate, usually known as the “Eudoxus axiom”, the other an algorithm called “anthuphairesis”. Both of them belonged to the mathematical theory developed by Theaetetus expanding Theodorus’ logistics. The main hypothesis of this work is that they constitute the core of Plato’s response against the Homo mensura thesis elaborated by Protagoras. We have thus proposed to replace Protagoras’ theory in the enlarged context of a serious crisis affecting the logical consistency of the mathematical notion of measure, provoked by the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes as well as non–Archimedean sets, exemplified by mixtilinear angles. This implied to examine anew the links between ancient sophistic and mathematics, and particularly Plato’s critics against Hippias’ quadratrix. It was also required to study the close relation between platonic dialectic and the new art of measurement exposed by Plato in the Statesman. Thus, by studying some passages mainly taken from Plato’s last dialogues, an attempt has been made to show how the higher art of measurement could inform dialectics. Plato’s theory of division, as well as the analysis and the generation of the mixed structures which constitute the universe, the city and the individual man have thus been tentatively reduced to this model
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Hindenlang, Florian [Verfasser], and Claus-Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Munz. "Mesh curving techniques for high order parallel simulations on unstructured meshes / Florian Hindenlang. Betreuer: Claus-Dieter Munz." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1063938082/34.
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Balducci, Gloria. "Analisi di algoritmi di mesh decimation." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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La seguente relazione analizza i principali algoritmi di decimazione delle mesh 3D, considerando anche il caso della decimazione low-poly. I principali algoritmi proposti sono poi testati tramite l'applicazione meshlab
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Valachová, Michaela. "Progressive Meshes." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236577.
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This thesis introduces a representation of graphical data, progressive meshes, and its fields of usage. The main part of this work is mathematical representation of progressive meshes and the simplification algorithm, which leads to this representation. Examples of changes in progressive mesh representation are also part of this thesis, along with few examples. The result is an application that implements the calculation of the Progressive Meshes model representation
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Allard, Gilles. "L'onde sur mesure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0006/MQ38654.pdf.
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Clasen, Gisela. "Meshed patch antennas." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322720.
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Marro, Alessandro [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Hagen. "Framework for Local Restructure of Meshed Surfaces : Creating local solutions for surface and mesh preservation / Alessandro Marro ; Betreuer: Hans Hagen." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194929826/34.
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Papadaniel, Yannis. "Des bénévoles et la mort : mesure et dé-mesure d’un engagement." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0442.
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Ce travail s’intéresse à l’accompagnement offert par des bénévoles à des personnes en fin de vie. En analysant le rôle des bénévoles dans les institutions hospitalières et para-hospitalières, il s’agit de mettre en lumière les constructions symboliques et pratiques autour de la mort et des personnes mourantes. Cette réflexion part du principe que tous les discours en matière de mort ne se valent pas. Non pas qu’il y en ait des plus légitimes que d’autres par essence. Mais parce qu’ils portent en définitive sur des réalités mortuaires différentes et qu’ils sont émis à partir de positions changeantes. En ce sens, peut-être qu’effectivement ce que vivent les bénévoles en retirent a une importance pour eux. Ce sont là deux dimensions tout à la fois complémentaires et, en partie, incommensurables. Complémentaires, dans le sens où bénévoles et mourant se retrouvent autour de la survenue imminente d’un décès ; incommensurable dans la mesure où l’un reste et l’autre part… Bien plus, celui qui reste ne voit son quotidien nullement chamboulé par le départ de l’autre. C’est ainsi que peut naître un rapport « positif » à la mort et aux mourants, où la « beauté » et le bonheur extatique prennent le pas sur la noirceur et le chagrin. L’analyse de cette tension entre souci de soi et souci d’autrui permet ainsi d’explorer un rapport à la mort qui se construit dans les interstices du social et sur un mode mineurThis research explores the activities of volunteers who work with people who are terminally ill and dynig in Switzerland. My research seeks to understand the dynamics of the contemporary relation to death, focusing more specifically on the following two research questions : a)how do the volunteers cope with the constant presence of death in their everyday lives ? b) how does death come to be presented as an « attractive » outcome in palliative care contexts ?
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Munaretti, Rodrigo Barni. "Perceptual guidance in mesh processing and rendering using mesh saliency." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12673.
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Considerações de informação perceptual têm ganhado espaço rapidamente em pesquisas referentes a representação, análise e exibição de malhas. Estudos com usuários, eye tracking e outras técnicas são capazes de fornecer informações cada vez mais úteis para sistemas voltados a usuário, que formam a maioria das aplicações em computação gráfica. Neste trabalho nós expandimos sobre o conceito de Saliência de Malhas — uma medida automática de importância visual para malhas de triângulos baseada em modelos de atenção humana em baixo nível — melhorando, extendendo e realizando integração com diferentes aplicações. Nós extendemos o conceito de Saliência de Malhas para englobar objetos deformáveis, mostrando como um mapa de saliência em nível de vértice pode ser construído capturando corretamente regiões de alta importância perceptual através de um conjunto de poses ou deformações. Nós definimos saliência multi-pose como um agregado multi-escala de valores de curvatura sobre uma vizinhança localmente estável, em conjunto com deformações desta vizinhança em múltiplas poses. Nós substituímos distância Euclideana por geodésica, assim fornecendo melhores estimativas de vizinhança local. Resultados mostram que saliência multi-pose gera resultados visualmente mais interessantes em simplificações quando comparado à saliência em uma única pose. Nós também aplicamos saliência de malhas ao problema de segmentação e rendering dependente de ponto de vista, introduzindo uma técnica para segmentação que particiona um objeto em um conjunto de clusters, cada um englobando um grupo de características localmente interessantes. Saliência de malhas é incorporada em um framework para clustering propagativo, guiando seleção de pontos de partida para clusters e custos de propagação de faces, levando a uma convergência de clusters ao redor de características perceptualmente importantes. Nós comparamos nossa técnica com diferentes métodos automáticos para segmentação, mostrando que ela fornece segmentação melhor ou comparável sem necessidade de intervenção do usuário. Uma vez que o algoritmo de segmentação proposto é especialmente aplicável a rendering multi-resolução, nós ilustramos uma aplicação do mesmo através de um sistema de rendering baseado em ponto de vista guiado por saliência, alcançando melhorias consideráveis em framerate com muito pouca perda de qualidade visual.Considerations on perceptual information are quickly gaining importance in mesh representation, analysis and display research. User studies, eye tracking and other techniques are able to provide ever more useful insights for many user-centric systems, which form the bulk of computer graphics applications. In this work we build upon the concept of Mesh Saliency — an automatic measure of visual importance for triangle meshes based on models of low-level human visual attention—improving, extending and integrating it with different applications. We extend the concept of Mesh Saliency to encompass deformable objects, showing how a vertex-level saliency map can be constructed that accurately captures the regions of high perceptual importance over a range of mesh poses or deformations. We define multipose saliency as a multi-scale aggregate of curvature values over a locally stable vertex neighborhood together with deformations over multiple poses. We replace the use of the Euclidean distance by geodesic distance thereby providing superior estimates of the local neighborhood. Results show that multi-pose saliency generates more visually appealing mesh simplifications when compared to a single-pose mesh saliency. We also apply Mesh Saliency to the problem of mesh segmentation and view-dependent rendering, introducing a technique for segmentation that partitions an object into a set of face clusters, each encompassing a group of locally interesting features. Mesh Saliency is incorporated in a propagative mesh clustering framework, guiding cluster seed selection and triangle propagation costs and leading to a convergence of face clusters around perceptually important features. We compare our technique with different fully automatic segmentation algorithms, showing that it provides similar or better segmentation without the need for user input. Since the proposed clustering algorithm is specially suitable for multi-resolution rendering, we illustrate application of our clustering results through a saliency-guided view-dependent rendering system, achieving significant framerate increases with little loss of visual detail.
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Souvestre, Florent. "Mesure laser de trajectoire par décomposition de la mesure locale et globale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647234.
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Les dispositifs de numérisation de trajectoire font progressivement leurs apparitions afin de permettre la quantification de la trajectoire d'un mouvement dans une scène afin de répondre à différents besoins pour des applications variées. Elles sont potentiellement nombreuses et peuvent être déclinées en 5 familles : loisirs, simulation pour l'industrie, applications médicales, applications liées aux sports et la robotique. Parmi les axes de progression, la suppression des phases de réglages et d'équipement ainsi que la limitation de l'usage de marqueurs actifs contraignants, constituent un nouveau challenge. Les techniques optiques offrent l'opportunité de réaliser des mesures sans contacts. La mesure de lumière est rendue possible à l'aide d'un transducteur électronique qui convertit une énergie ou une puissance optique absorbée en une grandeur électrique. A l'aide d'un traitement approprié, la distance peut être évaluée. Pour l'application recherchée, c'est-à-dire pour des interactions sur plusieurs mètres avec une précision inférieure au centimètre, les méthodes de télémétrie les plus adéquates sont la triangulation, la mesure de phase et éventuellement, la mesure par temps de vol à lumière pulsée constituant un autre compromis intéressant entre complexité et précision. Le concept exploré en détail dans un premier temps, consiste à remplacer les moteurs galvanométriques, onéreux et impliquant des éléments mécaniques à haute dynamiques, par un dispositif de scrutation local basé sur un réseau de sources lasers. Cette approche multi-faisceaux donne une première mesure de position de la cible sans la nécessité de générer un mouvement à cet organe. Afin d'élargir le champ de mesure, un second dispositif prend le relai permettant d'atteindre un volume sphérique. C'est le concept de combinaison mesure locale et mesure globale que nous proposons dans ces travaux de thèse. Cette approche hybride contribue à l'effort de coût avec cependant une dégradation de la précision mais une simplification du dispositif et de ses cibles. Au-delà de cet exemple, différentes autres possibilités de combinaison de mesures globales et locales sont envisageables en fonction des choix technologiques. Chacune d'entre elles possède des spécificités qui vont se traduire sous forme de forces et de faiblesses en fonction des besoins. L'usage d'une matrice de micro-miroir DMD ainsi que d'autres procédés de micro-fabrication représentent des voies d'innovation prometteuses afin de réduire les difficiles compromis entre performances, coût et facilité d'utilisation.
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Feuillet, Rémi. "Embedded and high-order meshes : two alternatives to linear body-fitted meshes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLY010/document.
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La simulation numérique de phénomènes physiques complexes requiert généralement l’utilisation d’un maillage. En mécanique des fluides numérique, cela consisteà représenter un objet dans un gros volume de contrôle. Cet objet étant celui dont l’on souhaite simuler le comportement. Usuellement, l’objet et la boîte englobante sont représentés par des maillage de surface linéaires et la zone intermédiaire est remplie par un maillage volumique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de s’intéresser à deux manières différentes de représenter cet objet. La première approche dite immergée consiste à mailler intégralement le volume de contrôle et ensuite à simuler le comportement autour de l’objet sans avoir à mailler explicitement dans le volume ladite géometrie. L’objet étant implicitement pris en compte par le schéma numérique. Le couplage de cette méthode avec de l’adaptation de maillage linéaire est notamment étudié. La deuxième approche dite d’ordre élevé consiste quant à elle consiste à augmenter le degré polynomial du maillage de surface de l’objet. La première étape consiste donc à générer le maillage de surface de degré élevé et ensuite àpropager l’information de degré élevé dans les éléments volumiques environnants si nécessaire. Dans ce cadre-là, il s’agit de s’assurer de la validité de telles modifications et à considérer l’extension des méthodes classiques de modification de maillages linéairesThe numerical simulation of complex physical phenomenons usually requires a mesh. In Computational Fluid Dynamics, it consists in representing an object inside a huge control volume. This object is then the subject of some physical study. In general, this object and its bounding box are represented by linear surface meshes and the intermediary zone is filled by a volume mesh. The aim of this thesis is to have a look on two different approaches for representing the object. The first approach called embedded method consist in integrally meshing the bounding box volume without explicitly meshing the object in it. In this case, the presence of the object is implicitly simulated by the CFD solver. The coupling of this method with linear mesh adaptation is in particular discussed.The second approach called high-order method consist on the contrary by increasing the polynomial order of the surface mesh of the object. The first step is therefore to generate a suitable high-order mesh and then to propagate the high-order information in the neighboring volume if necessary. In this context, it is mandatory to make sure that such modifications are valid and then the extension of classic mesh modification techniques has to be considered
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Kandasamy, Vishnukanthan [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] König, and Günther [Gutachter] Meschke. "Parallel delaunay mesh generation using multiple graphic card processors / Vishnukanthan Kandasamy ; Gutachter: Markus König, Günther Meschke ; Fakultät für Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1226426581/34.
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Zhou, Zhang. "Simplification of triangulated meshes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31384.pdf.
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Lee, Jihoon. "Image, mesure et communication." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010593.
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Prise indépendamment, les notions de l'image et de la mesure ont beaucoup attiré l'attention des philosophes et des savants. Par contre, prise ensemble, elles n'ont fait l'objet que de rares, d'incomplètes et même contradictoires études. Cette situation tient à plusieurs facteurs dont le plus important serait le suivant : dès le début, la mesure fut opposée à l'image, comme le savant à l'artiste ou comme le pur empirique à la plus grande intériorité. D'où le refus de toute possibilité d'une confrontation globale. Grace à l'actualité scientifique qui s'appuie sur une certaine région interfaciale entre image et mesure, on pourrait commencer à abandonner ce schéma simpliste et unilatéral. Il est établi aujourd'hui que : bien qu'elle fut généralement un travail scientifique, la mesure comporte également une activité qualitative et vice-versa ; bien qu'elle fut un objet typique du subjectif, l'image comprend un aspect quantitatif de la mesure. Notre étude cherche des éléments qui permettraient de voir une asymptote entre deux domaines apparemment tout différents ; y compris la cartographie, la morphologie, la photographie, l'image de synthèse, enfin la simulation informatiqueTaken indendently, the notions of the measure and the image have received a lot of attention from the philosophical and the scientific point of view. On the contrary, taken together, they have been simply an object of the rare, incomplete, even contradictory study. This situation could have been caused by diverse factors, of which the most important one would be the following : from the beginning, the measure has been considered as an opposite to the image, just like the scientist to artiste, the pure empirical to the great interior. That's where comes the general refusal of the global confrontation. Thanks to the current science, which depends on a certain interfacial region between the measure and the image, one could begin to abandon this simple and unilateral schema. Today, it becomes to be established : although the measurment is generally a scientific work, it also contains a qualitative activity and viceversa ; although the image is an typical object of the subjectivity, it includes a qualitative aspect of the measure. Our study considers some elements which could allow to see an symptote between two apperently different domains ; including the cartography, the morphology, the photography, the computer graphic and the computer simulation
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Nouvellet, Yann. "Mesure des processus d'érosion." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070020.
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Les dynamiques des processus d'érosion des paysages soudano-sahéliens du centre-sud du Sénégal sont aujourd'hui à mettre en relation avec un espace totalement anthropisé. L'érosion laminaire et l'érosion concentrée ont été mesurées entre 1998 et 2000 dans une zone de 400 km2 du département de Nioro du Rip. Une soixantaine de parcelles a été installée en fonction de différents paramètres (topographie, pédologie et type de cultures). Pour la mesure à l'aide d'un rugosimètre électronique des processus d'érosion laminaires et des petites formes d'érosion concentrée. La surface peut subir des variations d'altitudes relativement importantes, jusqu'à plusieurs millimètres d'une année sur l'autre. Les paramètres topographiques, de texture, de types de cultures et de pluviosité n'expliquent pas les variations de niveau des sols mesurées. Les profils topographiques montrent que deux processus d'érosion semblent contrôler les valeurs d'érosion laminaire. Le modèle de répartition des formes d'érosion concentrée le plus significatif ne distingue pas les rigoles et les ravines, mais présentent la valeur de pente comme déterminant le plus important. .The dynamics od soil erosion in the Soudano-Sahelian region of southern-central Senegal is directly related to high population pressure. Inter-rill erosion was measured between 1998 and 2000 in a 400 km2 zone in the department of Nioro du Rip. Sixty plots were set up in order to study the influence of a series of parameters (topography, soil and land-use) on inter-rill erosion and on a few small rills. The mean elevation of each plot was mesured each year with an electronic relief-meter. The elevation of soil surface may vary from year to year as largely as a few millimetres. These variations are independent from slope and other topographic parameters, soil texture, or crop type. Moreover, plots which received significantly more rainfall were not significantly more eroded. The topographic profiles studied indicate that two erosion processes could determine the rate of inter-rill erosion. Inter-rill erosion is usually limited. The location of the test plots could explain the values observed due to either tillage erosion or to water erosion. However, the low slope values and the limited impact of agricultural implement do not support the hypothesis that tillage erosion is a significant factor in the evolution of the landscape. In a catchment area of 20 km2, a hundred of topographic index, calculated from a Digital Elevation Model, were used to predict the occurence of rills and gullies in the area. Nine models were selected for validation with an independent dataset. The study shows that the so-called rills and gullies do not appear to be linked to a specific erosion index. The slope gradient is presented as being the most significant factor. The results show the importance of discontinuous erosion features in the dynamic of the landscape. In conclusion, it is noted that high population densities and intensive crop production do not automatically lead to high levels of erosion. One of the least studied factors involved is the role of prevailing aeolian erosion, in the redistribution of soil particles in the landscape
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Aubert, Philippe. "Méthodes Meshless en géomécanique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0552.
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Le présent travail est une contribution à l'étude de plusieurs méthodes Meshless (i. E. Sans maillage) appliquée au domaine de la géotechnique. Dans ces méthodes, la notion classique de maillage disparait au profit de la simple donnée de nœuds non connectés entre eux. Nous nous intéressons tout d'abord à la construction et à la discussion de l'approximation par moindres carres mobiles ou approximation diffuse qui permet de définir un ensemble de fonctions de forme. Nous étudions en particulier le rôle joué par les différents paramètres que sont la base primaire, les fonctions de pondération et la taille des domaines d'influence. Nous proposons ensuite une description systématique des méthodes éléments diffus, élément-free Galerkin et H-P Clouds, en précisant les évolutions de l'une à l'autre. Dans cette optique, nous nous attardons sur l'influence de la méthode de dérivation des fonctions de forme et sur les diverses démarches à adopter pour imposer les conditions aux limites essentielles. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une approche efficace sur la manière de faire déplacer les nœuds au cours d'un calcul transitoire. Nous présentons également une technique fondamentale, basée sur l'introduction de multiplicateurs de Lagrange, pour traiter différents types de discontinuités. Tous ces développements théoriques sont largement illustres et corrobores par des applications numériques. Par la suite, la méthode élément-free Galerkin est couplée à la méthode des éléments finis afin de modéliser les milieux poreux satures et non satures. Nous nous attachons notamment à analyser les problèmes de stabilité et de précision pour l'étude de la consolidation. En outre, nous abordons certaines difficultés liées au non linéarité du matériau tri-phasique et nous dégageons le rôle important joue par la phase gazeuse au cours de diverses applications. Enfin, nous étendons le concept de frontières absorbantes pour la modélisation par la méthode élément-free Galerkin, en utilisant de surcroit une approximation paraxiale d'ordre élève.
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Tejada-Gamero, Eduardo Jose. "Towards meshless volume visualization." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990448436/04.
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Corrigan, Andrew. "Kernel-based meshless methods." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4585.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 108. Thesis co-directors: John Wallin, Thomas Wanner. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computational Science and Informatics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-107). Also issued in print.
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Moraes, Rafaela do Nascimento de. "Meshes of the afternoon." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/101546.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2004Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-15T22:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 317489.pdf: 3857075 bytes, checksum: ac7e68b73b9413870fc0153917b60761 (MD5)
Abstract : This thesis examines the work of the filmmaker Maya Deren in the light of the aesthetics proposed by her main writings -"An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form and Film"(1946), "Cinema as an Independent Art Form" (1946), "Cinematography: The Creative Use of Reality"(1960) -, as well as its relations to her first short film Meshes of the Afternoon, placing it among the numerous aesthetic and film trends in which it figured. Her writings depict a solid theoretic background, as well as her attempt to construct what she called "poetic cinema," through the conjunction of various forms of artistic expression. Such an attempt is made no less evident in the analysis of Meshes of the Afternoon, whose dream-like narrative evolves from the peculiar combination of symbolic elements and is responsible for the poetic effect coveted by the filmmaker.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo examinar o trabalho da cineasta Maya Deren, principalmente no que se refere à estética proposta por ela em seus principais escritos: "An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Film and Form" (1946), "Cinema as an Independent Art Form" (1946) "Cinematography: The Creative Use of Reality" (1960) - e à relação que estes estabelecem com seu primeiro curta-metragem Meshes of the Afternoon, situando-o em meio às inúmeras correntes estéticas e cinematográficas com as quais se relacionou. Seus escritos evidenciam uma formação teórica sólida, bem como sua tentativa de elaborar o que denominou de "poetic cinema,"através do encontro das diversas formas de expressão artística. Esta tentativa fica não menos evidente ao se analisar Meshes of the Afternoon, cuja narrativa de caráter onírico se desenvolve a partir de uma combinação peculiar de elementos simbólicos, responsável pelo efeito poético almejado pela cineasta.
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Apel, Thomas, and Nico Düvelmeyer. "Transformation of hexahedral finite element meshes into tetrahedral meshes according to quality criteria." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601295.
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The paper is concerned with algorithms for transforming hexahedral finite element meshes into tetrahedral meshes without introducing new nodes. Known algorithms use only the topological structure of the hexahedral mesh but no geometry information. The paper provides another algorithm which can be extented such that quality criteria for the splitting of faces are respected.
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Cotteret, Marie-Ange. "Métrologie et enseignement." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082216.
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Cette thèse développe l'idée d'une "pensée universelle" liée à une culture métrologique commune reposant sur l'accord. Elle constate l'inculture métrologique du public et de l'école. Cette thèse développe trois " modes d'existence " de la métrologie. La métrologie scientifique a, comme la Science, vocation universelle. Elle établit les unités, les étalons, les méthodes de mesure et les calculs d'incertitude. Elle vit en symbiose avec la communauté scientifique et l'industrie. La métrologie transactionnelle est née en Mésopotamie, il y a 5000 ans, en même temps que l'école, l'écriture, la comptabilité et les tribunaux. Certains des principes mis en œuvre à cette lointaine époque sont encore présents dans la métrologie actuelle. La " métrologie personnelle " est introduite dans cette thèse comme un concept nouveau, désignant la fonction originelle de la mesure, une fonction vitale de l'être qui apprend à se reconnaître et à reconnaître son environnement pour survivre, vivre et évoluerThis thesis develops the idea of a " universal thought " bound to a metrological common culture built on agreement. It confirms the lack of understanding of metrology in the general public and in schools. The thesis examines three " states of being " of metrology. Scientific metrology has, like Science, a universal vocation. It establishes units, standards and methods of measurement ans calculates degrees of uncertainty. ,It is in symbiosis with the Scientific community and with industry. Transactional metrology was born in Mesopotamia, 5000 years ago, at the same time as school, writing, accountancy and laws courts. Certain principles of metrology first applied in these ancient times are still present in today's metrology. " Personal metrology " is introduced in this thesis as a new concept, and refers to the original function of measurement as a means for generating self-awareness and environmental recognition, vital for humain survival, living and personal development
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Merino, Daniela Simone Terehoff. "Mestre de teatro, mestre da vida: Leopold Sulerjítski e sua busca artística e pedagógica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8155/tde-09032017-091918/.
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O presente trabalho aborda a herança artística, literária e pedagógica e a tradução diretamente do russo de cartas, trechos de diários e ensaios de Leopold Antônovich Sulerjítski (1872-1916), um dos maiores mestres teatrais e pedagógicos do início do século XX. Artista, pedagogo, literato e diretor de cena profundamente ligado à vida artística e cultural de sua época, Leopold Sulerjítski participou intensamente das atividades do Primeiro Estúdio do Teatro de Arte de Moscou, tornando-se o responsável pela propagação de elementos de tendência tolstoiana entre os atores que guiava. Além de abordar a influência exercida pelo escritor Lev Tolstói (1828-1910) dentro do Primeiro Estúdio via Leopold Sulerjítski, nosso estudo aprofunda o entendimento do papel fundamental que o diretor exerceu na formação do Sistema de Konstantin Stanislávski (1863-1938), sua incessante busca pela interligação entre estética e ética filosófica, e a conexão existente a partir de então entre pedagogia e criação, essencial até hoje à função do diretor teatral. Partindo do estudo da grande massa crítica e teórica de importantes teatrólogos russos como Pavel Márkov, Konstantin Rudniíski e sobretudo Elena Poliakova, ainda inéditos em português, visa-se introduzir as abordagens teóricas russas do papel desempenhado por Sulerjítski na vida cultural da Rússia do início do século XX.The present work deals with the artistic, literary and pedagogical heritage and the Russian translation of letters, excerpts from the diaries and essays by Leopold Antônovich Sulerzhitsky (1872-1916), one of the greatest theatrical and pedagogical masters of the early twentieth century. Leopold Sulerzhitsky , an artist, educator, lithographer and director deeply connected to the artistic and cultural life of his time, participated intensively in the activities of the First Studio of the Moscow Art Theater, becoming responsible for the propagation of elements of Tolstoy tendency among the Actors he led. In addition to addressing the influence exerted by the writer Liev Tolstoy (1828-1910) within the First Studio via Leopold Sulerzhitsky , our study deepens the understanding of the fundamental role the director played in the formation of Konstantin Stanislavski\'s System (1863-1938), his incessant Search for the interconnection between aesthetics and philosophical ethics, and the connection that existed between pedagogy and creation, essential until now to the function of the theatrical director. Based on the study of the great critical and theoretical mass of important Russian theatologists such as Pavel Márkov, Konstantin Rudnitsky and above all Elena Poliakova, still unpublished in Portuguese, the aim is to introduce Russian theoretical approaches to the role played by Sulerzhitsky in the cultural life of Russia from the beginning of the Century.
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Fonseca, Andre Oreques. "MENINO, QUEM FOI TEU MESTRE? A FORMAÇÃO DO MESTRE E A CAPOEIRA DE PELOTAS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1830.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-23The capoeira, a Brazilian immaterial cultural patrimony, Is enchanting thousands of people worldwide. Apprentices in more than 150 countries that make use of an entire range of possibilities and corporal and partner-cultural attractions linked to the capoeiragem. These attractions, quite peculiar, are responsible for the construction of a philosophy of a single life, which frames and mixes to the daily of its followers. Inside of this context the " master's " figure appears as the main responsible for preserving and spreading such singularities, such philosophy. And in the intention of unmasking some secrets of the process of these masters' formation is that the objectives of this work were structured, where, in a cartographic referential, four masters' formative processes of the city of Pelotas-RS were investigated. In a first moment, a bibliographical research to understand the nuances in relation to the master's formation since the beginning of the century XX to the current days was made. Soon after, the masters' of Pelotas accounts were colected, following the script of a semi-structured interview. This way it was possible to have a larger understanding concerning the intrigues of the capoeiragem, in the subject of the master's formation, as well as on the history of the capoeira in Pelotas and the constitution of this Capoeirano lifestyle
FONSECA, André Oreques. Menino, quem foi teu mestre? A formação do mestre e a capoeira de Pelotas. 2010. 99f. Dissertação (Mestrado) Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação Física. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas. A capoeira, um patrimônio cultural imaterial brasileiro, há algumas décadas vem encantando milhares de pessoas mundo afora. Há praticantes em mais de 150 países, que usufruem de toda uma gama de possibilidades e atrativos corpóreos e socioculturais vinculados à capoeiragem. Esses atrativos, bastante peculiares, são responsáveis pela construção de uma filosofia de vida singularizada, que emoldura e se mescla ao cotidiano de seus adeptos. Dentro desse contexto, a figura do mestre surge como a do principal responsável por preservar e propagar tais singularidades, tal filosofia. E, no intuito de desvendar alguns segredos do processo de formação desses mestres, é que foram estruturados os objetivos deste trabalho, em que, num referencial cartográfico, investigaram-se os processos formativos de quatro mestres da cidade de Pelotas-RS. Em um primeiro momento, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica para compreender as nuances em relação à formação do mestre desde o início do século XX até os dias atuais. Em seguida, foram recolhidos e analisados os depoimentos dos mestres de Pelotas, seguindo o roteiro de uma entrevista emiestruturada. Dessa maneira, tornou-se possível uma maior compreensão acerca dos meandros da capoeiragem, tanto na questão da formação do mestre como também sobre a história da capoeira em Pelotas e a constituição do estilo de vida capoeirano.
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Soegiri, Saptahari. "Modélisation de l'essai pressiométrique avec prise en compte de l'intéraction fluide solide : Application à l'identification du comportement des sols." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1688_ssoegiri.pdf.
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Cette thèse présente une nouvelle méthode d'interprétation des résultats de l'essai pressiométrique avec prise en compte de l'interaction fluide-solide. La méthode mise en jeu permet d'une part d'analyser l'essai pressiométrique et de répondre à un certain nombre de questions concernant le développement possible de pressions interstitielles autour de la sonde, d'autre part de mettre en place une technique d'identification partielle de certains modèles de comportement. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé un code de calcul numérique qui permet la simulation d'un essai pressiométrique et la détermination de certains paramètres de modèles de comportement. Le logiciel proposé est facile à utiliser, rapide et utilisable sur tous les micro-ordinateurs compatibles I. B. M. Nous avons appliqué cette technique à l'identification des trois modèles suivants : la loi élastique non linéaire de Duncan, la loi élatoplastique Cam-Clay modifié, la loi élatoplastique C. J. S. Pour chacun de ces modèles, une analyse paramétrique permet de définir les constantes pouvant être raisonnablement identifiées par cette méthode. L'identification des paramètres des trois modèles a été réalisée à partir d'essais pressiomètriques réalisés à Cran par l'I. F. P. L'étude présentée dans cette thèse, comporte les quatre parties suivantes. Chapitre I : Ce chapitre est consacré à une étude bibliographique présentant l'essai pressiométrique classique, l'essai pressiométrique avec mesure de la pression interstitielle et les diverses méthodes utilisées à l'heure actuelle pour déduire certaines caractéristiques intrinsèques de cet essai. Chapitre II : Dans ce chapitre nous présentons la mise en équation générale régissant le problème de l'expansion d'une sonde pressiométrique dans un milieu homogène, avec prise en compte du couplage fluide - solide. Les méthodes numériques permettant la résolution de ces problèmes sont développées. Chapitre III : La méthode proposée est appliquée à l'identification des paramètres des trois modèles de comportement cités plus haut. Chapitre IV : Dans la dernière partie de ce rapport, nous présentons la modélisation des essais pressiométriques réalisés à Cran, en condition non drainée d'une part, et en prenant en compte le phénomène de consolidation d'autre part, en utilisant les 3 modèles. Un certain nombre d'analyses sont présentées portant sur l'influence de la vitesse de chargement aussi que de la perméabilité du milieuA new method for interpretating the results of a pressuremeter test taking into account the fluid - solid interaction, is presented. This method in one hand will enable us to analyse the pressuremeter test and to answer certain questions arisingfrom the possible development of pore pressure around the probe, in the other hand allowing us to identify some constitutive models. To achieve this, we have developed a program that can simulate a pressuremeter test and determine certain behaviour parameters. This program is uncomplicated, fast and can be used with any P. C. Compatible I. B. M. We have applied this method to identify the three following models: the elastic non linearDuncan model, the elastoplastic modifîed Cam-Clay model, the elastoplastic CJ. S. Model. For each of these models, a parameter analysis has been achieved to define the constants that could be reasonably identified by this method. The parameters of these three models were identified from the pressuremeter tests carried out at Cran by I. F. P. This paper is divided into the four following chapters. Chapter I : In this chapter, we present a litterature study of the classic pressuremeter test and the pressuremeter test with pore pressure measurement. A study of the various methods currently used to determine certain intrinsec carateristics of the latter test is also given. Chapter II : In this chapter, a general equation covering the problem of expansion of the pressuremeter probe in a homogenous material, taking into account the fluid - solid interaction, is presented. Numerical methods used for the resolution of this problem are developed. Chapter III : An application of the proposed method for the identification of the three following constitutive model previously mentioned is described. Chapter IV : Finally, in this chapter we describe the modelisation of the pressuremeter tests realised at CRAN, under non drainage conditions for the three models mentioned above. A certain number of pressuremeter analyses concerning the influence of loading gradient and permeability are also shown
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Gonen, Ozgur. "Modeling planar 3-valence meshes." Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85883.
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In architectural and sculptural practice, the eventual goal is constructing the
shapes that have been designed. Due to fabrication considerations, shapes with planar
faces are in demand for these practices.
In this thesis, a novel computational modeling approach to design constructible
shapes is introduced. This method guarantees that the resulting shapes are planar
meshes with 3-valence vertices, which can always be physically constructed using
planar or developable materials such as glass, sheet metal or plywood. The method
introduced is inspired by the traditional sculpture and is based on the idea of carving
a mesh by using slicing planes. The process of determining the slicing planes can
either be interactive or automated.
A framework is developed which allows user to sculpt shapes by using the in-
teractive and automated processes. The framework allows user to cut a source mesh
based on its edges, faces or vertices. The user can sculpt various kinds of developable
surfaces by cutting the parallel edges of the mesh. The user can also introduce in-
teresting conical patterns by cutting dierent vertex, edge, face combinations of the
mesh.
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Ågren, Rasmus. "Optimerad rendering av fluid meshes." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15433.
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Simuleringen av vätskor är idag en viktig del inom både film-, spel- och reklamindustrin. Detta kräver dock mycket av hårdvaran vilket saktar ner processen att rendera markant. I detta projekt forskades det inom optimering av renderingstekniker för att göra det lättare att rendera fram kvalitativa resultat när man använder sig av fluids i program för 3D-grafik. Arbetet innehåller en undersökning där testpersoner bedömt ett antal renderingar samt de optimerade inställningar som används till rendering
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Pagnutti, Douglas. "Anisotropic adaptation: metrics and meshes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/415.
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We present a method for anisotropic mesh refinement to high-order numerical solutions. We accomplish this by assigning metrics to vertices that approximate the error in that region. To choose values for each metric, we first reconstruct an error equation from the leading order terms of the Taylor expansion. Then, we use a Fourier approximation to choose the metric associated with that vertex. After assigning a metric to each vertex, we refine the mesh anisotropically using three mesh operations. The three mesh operations we use are swapping to maximize quality, inserting at approximate circumcenters to decrease cell size, and vertex removal to eliminate small edges. Because there are no guarantees on the results of these modification tools, we use them iteratively to produce a quasi-optimal mesh. We present examples demonstrating that our anisotropic refinement algorithm improves solution accuracy for both second and third order solutions compared with uniform refinement and isotropic refinement. We also analyze the effect of using second derivatives for refining third order solutions.
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Zhu, Tulong. "Meshless methods in computational mechanics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11795.
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Wijesiriwardana, Ravindra. "Novel knitted fibre-meshed transducers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556498.
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This thesis discusses the construction, analysis, performance and applications of "Novel Knitted Fibre Meshed Transducers" (KFMTs). Unobtrusive transducers play a major role in the wearable computing field. These transducers are being used in wearable personalized monitoring systems. Common practice is to embed sensors that are made separately into garments at a later stage, and therefore, these systems are not truly unobtrusive in nature. To overcome these disadvantages a new generation of more robust and unobtrusive sensors is required. One scenario is to make such sensors by using smart materials and integrating them into intelligent textile structures using mechanical methods of fibre assembling (weaving knitting and braiding). These are called fabric or textile sensors. Research has been carried out mostly into woven structures due to their structural stability. On the other hand, knitted structures are very attractive due to their superior adaptability. When a knitted fabric is subjected to biaxial stress in the fabric plane the geometry of the individual pattern elements is deformed and followed by the structure as a whole. The structures are knitted with yarns made out of smart materials that are capable of converting the deformations into variations of electrical parameters (resistance capacitance inductance). This new generation of transducers is named Fibre-Meshed Transducers (FMTs). These sensors can be used to measure proximity, touch, pressure, acceleration, force, displacement, vibration, sound, temperature, chemical & biological substances, light and radio frequencies and bio-potentials. Initially the feasibility of making resistive, capacitive and inductive knitted transducers has been explored by using conductive yarns and knitted structures. As a first attempt, a knitted resistive strain gauge and a knitted resistive displacement sensor were constructed. It was concluded that these types of KFMTs could be used to measure relative readings. A capacitive knitted transducer was made and used as a touch sensitive switch. A knitted solenoid was constructed by using conductive yarns and nonconductive elastomeric yarn in a tubular structure and was used as a strain and displacement measurement in wearable physiological information measuring systems. Knitted bio-potential electrodes were constructed by using stainless steel yarns, Ag coated polyester and Cu yarns and they were tested for their performance in ECG measurements. It was concluded that the performance of the wet electrodes were degraded over time.
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Zheng, Yun. "Computational aerodynamics on unstructed meshes." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2830/.
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New 2D and 3D unstructured-grid based flow solvers have been developed for simulating steady compressible flows for aerodynamic applications. The codes employ the full compressible Euler/Navier-Stokes equations. The Spalart-Al Imaras one equation turbulence model is used to model turbulence effects of flows. The spatial discretisation has been obtained using a cell-centred finite volume scheme on unstructured-grids, consisting of triangles in 2D and of tetrahedral and prismatic elements in 3D. The temporal discretisation has been obtained with an explicit multistage Runge-Kutta scheme. An "inflation" mesh generation technique is introduced to effectively reduce the difficulty in generating highly stretched 2D/3D viscous grids in regions near solid surfaces. The explicit flow method is accelerated by the use of a multigrid method with consideration of the high grid aspect ratio in viscous flow simulations. A solution mesh adaptation technique is incorporated to improve the overall accuracy of the 2D inviscid and viscous flow solutions. The 3D flow solvers are parallelised in a MIMD fashion aimed at a PC cluster system to reduce the computing time for aerodynamic applications. The numerical methods are first applied to several 2D inviscid flow cases, including subsonic flow in a bump channel, transonic flow around a NACA0012 airfoil and transonic flow around the RAE 2822 airfoil to validate the numerical algorithms. The rest of the 2D case studies concentrate on viscous flow simulations including laminar/turbulent flow over a flat plate, transonic turbulent flow over the RAE 2822 airfoil, and low speed turbulent flows in a turbine cascade with massive separations. The results are compared to experimental data to assess the accuracy of the method. The over resolved problem with mesh adaptation on viscous flow simulations is addressed with a two phase mesh reconstruction procedure. The solution convergence rate with the aspect ratio adaptive multigrid method and the direct connectivity based multigrid is assessed in several viscous turbulent flow simulations. Several 3D test cases are presented to validate the numerical algorithms for solving Euler/Navier-Stokes equations. Inviscid flow around the M6 wing airfoil is simulated on the tetrahedron based 3D flow solver with an upwind scheme and spatial second order finite volume method. The efficiency of the multigrid for inviscid flow simulations is examined. The efficiency of the parallelised 3D flow solver and the PC cluster system is assessed with simulations of the same case with different partitioning schemes. The present parallelised 3D flow solvers on the PC cluster system show satisfactory parallel computing performance. Turbulent flows over a flat plate are simulated with the tetrahedron based and prismatic based flow solver to validate the viscous term treatment. Next, simulation of turbulent flow over the M6 wing is carried out with the parallelised 3D flow solvers to demonstrate the overall accuracy of the algorithms and the efficiency of the multigrid method. The results show very good agreement with experimental data. A highly stretched and well-formed computational grid near the solid wall and wake regions is generated with the "inflation" method. The aspect ratio adaptive multigrid displayed a good acceleration rate. Finally, low speed flow around the NREL Phase 11 Wind turbine is simulated and the results are compared to the experimental data.
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THEDIN, REGIS SANTOS. "TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION USING POLYHEDRAL MESHES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=37112@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A otimização topológica tem se desenvolvido bastante e possui potencial para revolucionar diversas áreas da engenharia. Este método pode ser implementado a partir de diferentes abordagens, tendo como base o Método dos Elementos Finitos. Ao se utilizar uma abordagem baseada no elemento, potencialmente, cada elemento finito pode se tornar um vazio ou um sólido, e a cada elemento do domínio é atribuído uma variável de projeto, constante, denominada densidade. Do ponto de vista Euleriano, a topologia obtida é um subconjunto dos elementos iniciais. No entanto, tal abordagem está sujeita a instabilidades numéricas, tais como conexões de um nó e rápidas oscilações de materiais do tipo sólido-vazio (conhecidas como instabilidade de tabuleiro). Projetos indesejáveis podem ser obtidos quando elementos de baixa ordem são utilizados e métodos de regularização e/ou restrição não são aplicados. Malhas poliédricas não estruturadas naturalmente resolvem esses problemas e oferecem maior flexibilidade na discretização de domínios não Cartesianos. Neste trabalho investigamos a otimização topológica em malhas poliédricas por meio de um acoplamento entre malhas. Primeiramente, as malhas poliédricas são geradas com base no conceito de diagramas centroidais de Voronoi e posteriormente otimizadas para uso em análises de elementos finitos. Demonstramos que o número de condicionamento do sistema de equações associado pode ser melhorado ao se minimizar uma função de energia relacionada com a geometria dos elementos. Dada a qualidade da malha e o tamanho do problema, diferentes tipos de resolvedores de sistemas de equações lineares apresentam diferentes desempenhos e, portanto, ambos os resolvedores diretos e iterativos são abordados. Em seguida, os poliedros são decompostos em tetraedros por um algoritmo específico de acoplamento entre as malhas. A discretização em poliedros é responsável pelas variáveis de projeto enquanto a malha tetraédrica, obtida pela subdiscretização da poliédrica, é utilizada nas análises via método dos elementos finitos. A estrutura modular, que separa as rotinas e as variáveis usadas nas análises de deslocamentos das usadas no processo de otimização, tem se mostrado promissora tanto na melhoria da eficiência computacional como na qualidade das soluções que foram obtidas neste trabalho. Os campos de deslocamentos e as variáveis de projeto são relacionados por meio de um mapeamento. A arquitetura computacional proposta oferece uma abordagem genérica para a solução de problemas tridimensionais de otimização topológica usando poliedros, com potencial para ser explorada em outras aplicações que vão além do escopo deste trabalho. Finalmente, são apresentados diversos exemplos que demonstram os recursos e o potencial da abordagem proposta.
Topology optimization has had an impact in various fields and has the potential to revolutionize several areas of engineering. This method can be implemented based on the finite element method, and there are several approaches of choice. When using an element-based approach, every finite element is a potential void or actual material, whereas every element in the domain is assigned to a constant design variable, namely, density. In an Eulerian setting, the obtained topology consists of a subset of initial elements. This approach, however, is subject to numerical instabilities such as one-node connections and rapid oscillations of solid and void material (the so-called checkerboard pattern). Undesirable designs might be obtained when standard low-order elements are used and no further regularization and/or restrictions methods are employed. Unstructured polyhedral meshes naturally address these issues and offer fl exibility in discretizing non-Cartesians domains. In this work we investigate topology optimization on polyhedra meshes through a mesh staggering approach. First, polyhedra meshes are generated based on the concept of centroidal Voronoi diagrams and further optimized for finite element computations. We show that the condition number of the associated system of equations can be improved by minimizing an energy function related to the element s geometry. Given the mesh quality and problem size, different types of solvers provide different performances and thus both direct and iterative solvers are addressed. Second, polyhedrons are decomposed into tetrahedrons by a tailored embedding algorithm. The polyhedra discretization carries the design variable and a tetrahedra subdiscretization is nested within the polyhedra for finite element analysis. The modular framework decouples analysis and optimization routines and variables, which is promising for software enhancement and for achieving high fidelity solutions. Fields such as displacement and design variables are linked through a mapping. The proposed mapping-based framework provides a general approach to solve three-dimensional topology optimization problems using polyhedrons, which has the potential to be explored in applications beyond the scope of the present work. Finally, the capabilities of the framework are evaluated through several examples, which demonstrate the features and potential of the proposed approach.
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Correia, Élcio Bernardino. "Paulo, mestre da sã doutrina." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18365.
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The object of this study is the role of the apostle Paul as master of sound doctrine. The main focus states that although the call of the Apostle is comprehensive and highlighted the multiplicity of roles, everything ends converging in the characterization of Paul as a master of sound doctrine to the nations.This master will find a multitude of contexts while the task of exposing the Gospel. Paul is called by God to present a doctrine, but not only once but the doctrine of God, the Gospel. Paul is called to teach the truth of Christianity in a world full of "truths." He is both a receiver and interpreter of biblical revelation.The work presents as foundation first whole biblical picture of the master's role in the Old Testament, with the underlying emphasis that God is the Master, the source of all truth. God is presented as the one who educates mankind and sets his pedagogy directly or intermediate way. Secondly discusses the maximum translation of God's teaching, Jesus Christ himself. This is presented as the Master Teacher. Finally, the Apostle is presented in the exercise of his calling as a master of sound doctrine to the nations
O objeto deste estudo é o papel do apóstolo Paulo como mestre da sã doutrina. O principal enfoque estabelece que embora o chamado do Apóstolo seja abrangente e destacado pela multiplicidade de papeis, tudo acaba convergindo na caracterização de Paulo como um mestre da sã doutrina para as nações. Este mestre irá encontrar uma profusão de contextos enquanto estiver na tarefa da exposição do Evangelho. Paulo é chamado por Deus para apresentar uma doutrina, mas não somente mais uma e sim a doutrina de Deus, Evangelho. Paulo é chamado para ensinar a verdade do cristianismo em um mundo cheio de verdades . Ele é tanto um receptor quanto intérprete de revelação bíblica. O trabalho apresenta como alicerce primeiramente todo um panorama bíblico do papel do mestre no Antigo Testamento, com a ênfase subjacente de que Deus é o Mestre, fonte de toda a verdade. Deus é apresentado como aquele que educa a humanidade e estabelece sua pedagogia de forma direta ou mediatária. Em segundo lugar aborda a tradução máxima do ensino de Deus, o próprio Jesus Cristo. Este é apresentado como o Mestre por excelência. Finalmente, o Apóstolo é apresentado no exercício de seu chamado como mestre da sã doutrina às nações
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Rejala, Ruth Martinez. "Mescla conceptual em O Pasquim." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7026.
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Este estudo, de cunho cognitivista, trata do humor e da ironia multimodal em cinco capas do jornal O Pasquim. Nele, constam análises sobre a percepção da ironia e do humor presente nas capas das edições n 187, 271, 514, 654 e 668, e a discussão sobre o papel do contexto histórico, da imagem e do texto como gatilho para a formulação de mesclas. O trabalho também postula configurações de mesclas a partir dos sentidos construídos por quatro grupos distintos de colaboradores, um grupo formado por leitores jovens à época de publicação das capas, e outros três grupos de jovens universitários, tendo o primeiro grupo visualizado a imagem e depois o texto que compunha a capa, o segundo acessado primeiro o texto e depois a imagem e o último visualizado as capas completas. Para tanto, foram utilizados alguns dos principais conceitos da linguística cognitiva, a saber, frames, domínio, mesclagem e metáfora conceptual, além de estudos relativos à ironia e humor. Também é proposta uma nova configuração para mesclas irônicas, apresentando a fusão dos inputs de entrada e dos espaços de reação esperada e confrafactual, cunhados por Coulson (2005) no modelo de estruturação do espaçoEste estudio de naturaleza cognitiva, trata sobre el humor y la ironía multimodal en cinco portadas de periódicos de O Pasquim . En él figuran los análisis de la percepción de la ironía y del humor presente en las portadas de las ediciones n 187 , 271, 514, 654 y 668 , y el debate sobre el papel del contexto histórico, la imagen y el texto como un disparador para la formulación de mezclas . El documento también plantea la configuración de mezclas a partir de los significados construidos por cuatro grupos diferentes de contribuyentes, un grupo de jóvenes lectores en el momento de la publicación de las portadas , y otros tres grupos de estudiantes universitarios, el primer grupo ha visto primero a la imagen y después el texto de la portada, el segundo acceso primero el texto y después la imagen, y el último ha visto las casos completas. Para esto furon utilizados algunos de los principales conceptos de la linguística cognitiva, es decir , los frames, dominio , la mezcla y la metáfora conceptual, así como los estudios relacionados con la ironía y el humor. También se propone una nueva configuración para las mezclas irónicas , con la fusión de las entradas (inputs) y los espacios de reacción esperada y confrafactual , acuñados por Coulson (2005) en el modelo de espacio de estructuracion
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Sauvageot, Georges. "La mesure du résultat comptable." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010005.
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La comptabilite, comme systeme de traitement de l'information, peut trouver avantage a ce que ses methodes soient basees sur un schema theorique coherent, explicite et affiche, plutot que sur un schema routinier, dont on ne voit ni la portee ni les limites. Aussi, pour mesurer le resultat de l'entreprise, nous cherchons, au prealable, a definir un concept economique de profit, conforme aux buts que nous nous sommes fixes. Le concept hicksien de revenu, malgre son caractere approximatif, est retenu : le resultat est une consommation possible sans appauvrissement. La definition etant choisie, une premiere etape consiste a voir si les methodes comptables actuelles s'accordent avec la notion de resultat, qui a ete adoptee. Il apparait que ces methodes ne permettent pas d'obtenir une mesure du profit de l'entreprise, qui soit acceptable sur le plan economique. Cette mesure obeit a un ensemble de conventions, ayant pour effet de la rendre inexacte, imprecise, arbitraire et inutilisable en situation inflation niste, car il est suppose que l'unite monetaire conserve toujours la meme valeur au cours des annees. Dans une deuxieme etape, nous recherchons une notion de resultat epuree et significative, qui reste en accord avec la definition retenue et qui soit un concept economique mesurable : il s'agit du resultat courant historique pur, appele resultat canonique, car il constitue une forme simple, servant de modele a une famille de resultats pouvant s'y rapportee.
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Kerada, Mohamed. "Polynomes reciproques de petite mesure." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066173.
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Le principal resultat est la caracterisation de certains polynomes reciproques de petite mesure par la repartition sur le cercle unite de leurs racines de module 1. Il generalise un resultat de d. W. Boyd-m. J. Bertin sur les nombres de salem c'est-a-dire sur les entiers algebriques superieurs a 1 ayant leurs autres conjugues de module inferieur a 1 avec effectivement des conjugues de module 1. La connaissance de cette repartition sur le cercle unite est tres utile dans l'etude de la conjecture de lehmer et le probleme toujours ouvert de la nature des points limites des nombres de salem
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Cabrillac, Michel. "La notion de mesure d'expulsion." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32015.
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L’étude d’une notion nécessite de donner sa définition et d’exposer son régime. La notion de mesure d’expulsion est une notion dualiste, car deux acceptions coexistent en elle. La mesure d’expulsion n’est pas qu’une procédure judiciaire de contrainte mais est également un droit à la réalisation d’un droit. La mesure d’expulsion tend à réaliser le droit à l’exécution des décisions de justice et le droit substantiel du demandeur de la mesure qui peut être le droit de propriété, le principe de l’inviolabilité du corps humain et la liberté de commerce et d’industrie. Les droits dont la mesure est garante doivent êtres conciliés avec les droits de la personne à expulser auxquels elle se heurte qui sont le droit au logement, la dignité de la personne humaine et le droit de grève. La notion de mesure d’expulsion fait l’objet de règles communes applicables à toutes les expulsions et de règles spécifiques adaptées aux situations spécifiques qui sont l’expulsion du locataire en surendettement, du locataire en procédure collective, du conjoint violent, des squatters et des grévistes. La mesure d’expulsion peut concerner une personne ou un groupe de personnes, elle peut donc être individuelle ou collectiveThe study of a notion requires to give its definition and to expose its regulation. The notion of eviction measure is a dualistic notion since two meanings coexist within. The eviction measure is not only a constraining judiciary procedure but it is also a right to stand on a right. The eviction measure tends to stand on the right to execute legal decisions and the caller’s substantial right which can be the right of property, the principle of inviolability of human body and liberty of trade and industry. The rights which the measure garantees should be conciliated with rights the measure also runs up against that are housing right, human dignity and the right to strike. The eviction measure is subject to common rules that can be applied to all the evictions and specific rules that suit to specific situations which are the eviction of tenant in over indebtedness, tenant in collective procedure, violent spouse, squatters and strikers. The eviction measure can regard one people or a group, it can be individual or collective
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Pinna, Andrea. "La mesure du préjudice contractuel." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020014.
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En droit français, le préjudice qui résulte d'une inexécution contractuelle est réparé de deux façons, en principe, distinctes. La dualité de régime se remarque par le fait que les effets que le contrat a pu produire sont soit définitivement validés, soit rétroactivement remis en cause. Comme remède à l'inexécution contractuelle, le créancier peut toujours se limiter à demander l'allocation de seuls dommages et intérêts qui complètent l'exécution et lui confèrent ainsi son dû. Dans certaines hypothèses, le créancier peut obtenir la résolution du contrat qui entraîne son anéantissement rétroactif et la restitution de ce qui avait été fourni de part et d'autre. La mesure du préjudice, et donc la quantification de l'indemnisation allouée au contractant qui n'a pas obtenu ce qu'il attendait, est réalisée différemment dans ces deux hypothèses. En effet, la fonction de ces remèdes contractuels est en principe différente. Le droit positif a toutefois adapté les conséquences d'un anéantissement rétroactif en les alignant sensiblement sur la situation de survie des effets du contrat. L'établissement des bases de calcul du préjudice contractuel selon que le contrat et résolu ou pas montre cette similitude de traitement. Il ne reste que des distorsions mineures qui ne reposent plus sur un fondement juridique solide. La question de la justification de ce système dualiste se pose alors naturellement. Il apparaît que celui-ci ne devrait être maintenu que lorsque les prestations peuvent être restituées en nature, ce qui aurait pour conséquence de cantonner la résolution aux seuls contrats qui ont pour effet de transférer la propriété d'un bien.
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PORTES, DE ALBUQUERQUE MARCELO. "Mesure optimisée de densités d'aimantation." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0105.
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Cette these presente l'etude et le developpement de techniques optimisant la determination par diffraction de neutrons polarises de cartes de densite d'aimantation. La technique de diffraction de neutrons polarises s'applique aux echantillons monocristallins magnetiquement satures dans un champ magnetique. Si l'on dispose d'une bonne connaissance de la structure nucleaire, la dependance de la section efficace de diffusion a la polarisation du faisceau nous donne acces aux composantes de fourier de la distribution d'aimantation. Celle-ci est alors obtenue par simple inversion de fourier. On obtient un bien meilleur resultat en appliquant la methode bayesienne du maximum d'entropie. Nous presentons un algorithme de recherche de la condition de bragg base sur la methode de brent et une nouvelle methode de centrage qui estime la position du detecteur par interpolation gaussienne inversee. L'electronique de comptage et le calcul de la distribution optimisee des temps passes sur le pic et le bruit de fond lors des mesures de rapports de flipping ont ete ameliores. L'etude du deroulement d'une experience a permis de definir une strategie de mesure qui permet d'obtenir une distribution de barres d'erreur constantes dans le cas d'un echantillon centrosymetrique. Cette methode est iterative : la premiere etape consiste a mesurer les rapports de flipping en supposant que le signal magnetique est faible. La prediction des intensites tient compte de la resolution et de la geometrie de l'instrument. Les etapes suivantes sont realisees en corrigeant la repartition des temps de comptage sur les reflexions non-equivalentes par symetrie. Afin de garantir le bon deroulement d'une experience, nous avons developpe un nouveau protocole de communication idtp et une application client-serveur en environnement distribue pour suivre une experience via internet. Cette application fonctionne sur tout type d'ordinateur et est adaptee a tout type d'instrument.
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Chandonia, Patrick Adam. "Systèmes de mesure de l'adsorption /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30011256R.pdf.
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Pinna, Andrea. "La mesure du préjudice contractuel /." Paris : LGDJ, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41164831g.
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Chandonia, Patrick Adam. "Systèmes de mesure de l'adsorption." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1970/1/030011256.pdf.
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Scherer, Kelly Cristina. "O mestre andarilho em nietzsche." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/162632.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2015.Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T17:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 338113.pdf: 946750 bytes, checksum: e5ab1f9633beba8d309f80f3b3234c75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Analisaremos, neste trabalho, duas imagens que configuram tipos distintos de mestre traçados por Nietzsche, a fim de pensarmos a questão da escola contemporânea, uma vez que está contido, nas duas ideias de mestria, o problema da cultura - logo, o da formação humana. Inicialmente apresentaremos a figura do mestre inspirado em sua juventude e que figuraria um perÃodo estético romântico de sua obra. Outra representação estratégica nos escritos de Nietzsche, que exerce importante papel ao analisarmos os tipos distintos de mestre, é o protagonista de Assim falou Zaratustra. Com base nessa obra, demonstraremos que o conceito de mestre é desconstruÃdo, para compor outra ideia de sabedoria ou ensino. Trata-se da evocação da imagem do andarilho (Wanderer), representada pela experiência de travessia do mestre - profeta que, ao traçar caminhos diversos, rompe valores basilares, ou seja, valores morais embasados no que Nietzsche denominou "ideais ascéticos". Pois Zaratustra, absorto em reflexões, intenta cancelar tábuas avoengas, a fim de averiguar questões do conhecimento sobre a formação da cultura e criação conceitual sobre a ideia de homem.
Abstract : In this work, we are going to analyse two images that sets up the different kinds of master strokes by Nietzsche, in order to think in the contemporary school, since it contained, in both ideas of mastery, the problem of the culture - before long, the human formation. Initially we are going to introduce the figure of the master inspired in his youth that would figure in a romantic aesthetic period of his work.Another strategic representation in Nietzsche written, that exercises an important role in the analyse of the diferent kinds of master, is the leading figure of "Also sprach Zarathustra". Based on this work, we are going to demonstrate that the concept of master is deconstructed to compose another idea of wisdom or teaching. It is the evocation of the image of the Wandering, represented by the experience of the master crossing that trace different paths, tear basic values, in other words, values based in what Nietzsche called "ascetic ideals". Because Zarastustra, absorbed in reflections, attempts to destroy older boards. Therefore, we are going to use the track lived by Zarastustra, in order to inquire the problem of knowledge about the formation of the man and the creation about the idea of the man.
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Myszkowski, Nils. "Sensibilité esthétique : Nature, mesure, variabilité." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H106.
Full textAbstract:
La sensibilité esthétique visuelle se rapporte à la capacité à juger des propriétés esthétiquesobjectives d’une oeuvre d’art et qu’on appelle communément le « bon goût » (Eysenck, 1983).De précédents résultats suggèrent que la sensibilité esthétique visuelle, est une aptitudeessentiellement indépendante de l’intelligence de la personnalité (Frois & Eysenck, 1995). Cesrésultats ont conduit les chercheurs à faire l’hypothèse que la sensibilité esthétique visuelle estune aptitude « isolée » et un don inné (Frois & Eysenck, 1995). Cependant, de récentesrecherches indiquent qu’elle pourrait être prédite par des traits de personnalité (Furnham &Chamorro-Premuzic, 2004; Furnham & Walker, 2001; McCrae, 2007; Rawlings, Barrantes iVidal, & Furnham, 2000), et peut être facilitée cognitivement par des aptitudes mentales(Reber, Schwarz, & Winkielman, 2004; Silvia, 2006; Smith & Smith, 2006). Dans cetterecherche, nous investiguons la nature de la sensibilité esthétique visuelle. D’abord, les qualitésmétrologiques du Visual Aesthetic Sensitivity Test (Götz, 1985) sont examinées (étude 1). Puis,nous faisons l’hypothèse que la sensibilité esthétique est liée à l’intelligence générale (étude 2) età des traits de personnalité spécifiques (étude 3). Ensuite, nous testons l’hypothèse selon laquellela maîtrise des opérations perceptuelles impliquées dans les mesures de sensibilité esthétique estliée et permet de prédire efficacement la créativité dans le domaine graphique (étude 4). Enfin,un modèle global, intégrant la sensibilité esthétique, à la fois comme variable prédite parl’intelligence et la personnalité et comme variable prédisant la créativité graphique, est testé(étude 5). Confirmant nos hypothèses, les résultats indiquent que la sensibilité esthétique estnotamment liée à l’intelligence, l’ouverture à l’esthétique et la créativité graphique. Ces résultatssont discutés sur le plan théorique (aspects cognitifs et conatifs de la sensibilité esthétique, placede l’évaluation dans la créativité) et des applications pratiques sont proposées (design,marketing, identification du potentiel créatif, etc.)Visual aesthetic sensitivity refers to the ability to judge the aesthetic properties of works of art,which we commonly describe as “good taste” (Eysenck, 1983). Early framework suggests thatvisual aesthetic sensitivity is a mostly intelligence-independent and personality-independentability (Frois & Eysenck, 1995). This finding led researchers to hypothesize that visual aestheticsensitivity is an “isolated” ability and an innate gift. However, recent research suggests thataesthetic experience and its outcomes can be predicted by personality traits (Furnham &Chamorro-Premuzic, 2004; Furnham & Walker, 2001; McCrae, 2007; Rawlings, Barrantes iVidal, & Furnham, 2000) and is related to mental abilities (Reber, Schwarz, & Winkielman,2004; Silvia, 2006; Smith & Smith, 2006). Following these new findings, the nature of visualaesthetic sensitivity is investigated. First, the metrological qualities of the Visual AestheticSensitivity Test (Götz, 1985) are examined (study 1). Second, it is hypothesized that visualaesthetic sensitivity is related to general intelligence (study 2), some art-specific personalitytraits (study 3) and figural creativity (study 4). Finally, a general model, which proposesaesthetic sensitivity as predicted by intelligence and personality, and predicting creativity, istested (study 5). As hypothesized, aesthetic sensitivity was notably found to be correlated withintelligence, openness to aesthetics, and and figural creativity. The results are discussed as anempirical support of a double-sided (cognitive and conative) conception of visual aestheticsensitivity, and as a support of aesthetic judjement as part of the creative process. Applicationsare discussed, proposing uses of aesthetic sensitivity measures in various domains (design,creative potential identification, marketing, etc.)