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Christensen, Damaris. "Things Just Mesh." Science News 160, no. 21 (November 24, 2001): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012869.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Making a Mesh of Things." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 09 (September 1, 2003): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-sep-3.
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Models need to be meshed and made acceptable for analysis before finite element analysis (FEA) can be run. Software providers that make pre-processing applications must keep up with changes in FEA technology to remain competitive. The mesh contains the data on material and structural properties that define how the part will react to certain load conditions. Today's closely integrated computer-aided design (CAD), pre-processing, and FEA applications allow CAD and entry-level FEA technologies to work together within a common user interface and give design engineers a quick, effortless way to see if their designs will meet specifications. Simplifying the FEA programs so a design engineer can use them limits the intricacy of the mesh as well as the depth of analysis. HyperMesh prepares CAD geometries for analysis. The meshed geometries are then exported to Procter & Gamble's customized package analysis system called Virtual Package Simulation. Today, engineers use mesh technologies and attendant FEA programs for an array of analyses. Some are related to manufacturing, but as often as not they've found their way into other industries.
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Et. al., Dr Shaji K. A. Theodore M. Samira ,. "Firefly Optimization in IOT Applications for Wireless Mesh Networks." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 2487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2085.
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Internet of Things is an budding focus of technical, social, and economical importance. At the same time, Internet of Things hoist momentous challenges that may perhaps plunk in the way of apprehend its prospective reimbursement. The ‘thing’ in IoT may perhaps be a person with a heart monitor or an automobile in the midst of built-in-sensors, i.e. objects that have subsist dole out an IP address and encompass the capability to accumulate and convey data over a network without manual assistance or intervention. The business processes hosted on the wide-spread geographical distribution of sensors should retort to dissimilar sensing events congregate in the dynamic IoT environment as swift as they could. So to Produce better IoT applications, process optimization is indispensable in the IoT environment. For example, data analytics in energy embarrassed IoT Networks uses Optimization Framework to recuperate the network implementation delay and accuracy. Here we imply firefly Optimization Algorithm Framework, wherever the nodes make a decision where their data analytic tasks will be executed, in order to jointly optimize their average execution delay and accuracy, while respecting power consumption constraints compared to previous other techniques. Our new fire fly optimization techniques shows 81% better results compared to previous techniques such as Genetic and ant colony etc…
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Muhendra, Rifki, Aditya Rinaldi, Maman Budiman, and Khairurrijal. "Development of WiFi Mesh Infrastructure for Internet of Things Applications." Procedia Engineering 170 (2017): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.045.
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Eras, Leonardo, Federico Domínguez, and Caril Martinez. "Viability characterization of a proof-of-concept Bluetooth mesh smart building application." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, no. 5 (May 2022): 155013292210978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501329221097819.
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Bluetooth low energy is an almost ubiquitous technology currently embedded in billions of power-constrained Internet of Things devices around the world. The Bluetooth mesh profile, released by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group in July 2017, allows Bluetooth low energy devices to form a mesh network, further enabling smart home and building applications where long-range connectivity is required. However, the current release of Bluetooth mesh profile still has power and deployment constraints that limit its applicability. To explore the viability of Bluetooth mesh profile in home/building automation applications, we built the Smart Doorbell: a proof-of-concept Bluetooth mesh profile–based visitor notification system for office spaces. The Smart Doorbell was implemented using a mesh network topology with nodes distributed across office building floors, serving as a real Internet of Things deployment and as a testbed for mesh network protocols. Similar Bluetooth mesh profile evaluations found in literature use mostly development kits and/or synthetic traffic in artificial settings; we contribute by using the Smart Doorbell, a system as close as possible to a minimum viable product, to evaluate power consumption and responsiveness as a proxy for product viability. This article presents the architecture of the Smart Doorbell, the viability evaluation results, and a direct comparison with FruityMesh, a competing Bluetooth low energy mesh network protocol. Overall, the fact that Bluetooth mesh profile devices can directly communicate with a user’s mobile phone (using Bluetooth low energy) considerably eases deployment and provisioning. However, the use of flooding to forward messages across the mesh network increases power consumption, precluding the use of battery-powered nodes on the network’s backbone and severely limiting the applicability of Bluetooth mesh profile in building automation.
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Onofre, Thiago Borba, Clyde W. Fraisse, Janise McNair, Jasmeet Judge, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Natalia A. Peres. "A Design and Development Experience of an Internet of Things Platform to Monitor Site-Specific Weather Conditions at the Farm Level." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 4 (2021): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14005.
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Highlights We present an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to monitor site-specific weather conditions at the farm level. We built a distributed mesh network of sensor nodes using open-source and open-hardware tools. We tested different communication range scenarios and installation setups. Emerging IoT technologies are susceptible to failure but have the potential to improve site-specific data collection. Abstract . This article describes the design, deployment, and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to monitor site-specific weather conditions at the farm level using wireless sensor networks (WSN). A distributed mesh network of sensor nodes was developed using open-source software and hardware tools to monitor temperature and relative humidity in-field environmental conditions. The IoT prototype was tested at the University of Florida’s research farm. Data from the sensor nodes were compared to a Florida Automated Weather Network weather station. The results of this study will contribute to the implementation of site-specific collection tools and with site-specific decision management in specialty crop production systems. A significant advantage of IoT and WSN over a standalone weather station is the capability to monitor micro-weather conditions that may lead to site-specific management operations. Keywords: Affordable, Farm, Internet of Things, Mesh Network, Prototype, Wireless Sensor Network.
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Xing, Liudong, Massarrah Tannous, Vinod M. Vokkarane, Honggang Wang, and Jun Guo. "Reliability Modeling of Mesh Storage Area Networks for Internet of Things." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4, no. 6 (December 2017): 2047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2017.2749375.
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N., Dr Bhalaji. "Reliable Data Transmission with Heightened Confidentiality and Integrity in IOT Empowered Mobile Networks." Journal of ISMAC 2, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2020.2.004.
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The revolution caused by the communication without wires has brought in multitudes of basic modifications in the data network and the telecommunication, making the integrated networks a reality. The further advancements in the wireless communication has enabled to set personal networks using the portable devices, and are termed as the adhoc networks. The networks formed under specific circumstances or a reason could follow any one of the topology to convey the information. W ireless mesh network is the form of such network mentioned above that organized in a mesh topology. This network formed in mesh topology contains several consumers who are arranged in the distributed manner and forward the packets in a one or more than one hop model. The protocols that help in sorting out the path for sending and receiving the information are has a vital influence over the network in mesh topology as they affect the throughput, life of established links etc. Integrating the wireless mesh topology to the internet of things has improved the way of information sharing by linking multitudes tangible things around. The mesh topology wireless networks formed using the portable devices or other –wise called as the mobile networks that are connected over internet are open to security breaches as the mesh holds few nodes that are malicious. This makes the information conveyed to be either compromised or manipulated. The article in order to ensure the reliability in the transmission of the data with the heightened confidentiality and integrity in the IOT empowered mobile networks proposes a routing strategy that is robust across the consumers in mesh, the gateway and the routers. The channels across the devices in the mesh are formed based on the efficiency of the connections for the distribution of the data. The simulation process of the proposed work using the network simulator 2 shows the performance improvement of the proposed work with respect to throughput of the network, packet loss rate, packet delivery rate, latency, energy efficiency and the computational overhead.
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Bukreyev, Ivan, Hazal Yüksel, Ken Ho, and Alyssa Apsel. "PCO-Based BLE Mesh Accelerator." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 5324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145324.
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks enable diverse communication for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, existing BLE mesh implementations cannot simultaneously achieve low-power operation, symmetrical communication, and scalability. A major limitation of mesh networks is the inability of the BLE stack to handle network-scalable time synchronization. Pulse-coupled oscillators (PCOs) have been studied extensively and are able to achieve fast and reliable synchronization across a range of applications and network topologies. This paper presents a lightweight physical (PHY) layer accelerator to the BLE stack that enables scalable synchronization command with a PCO. The accelerator is a fully digital solution that can be synthesized with only the standard cells available in any silicon technology. This paper provides a detailed analysis of PCO-based BLE mesh networks and explores per-node system-level requirements. Finally, the analytical results are validated with measurements of a custom radio node based on the ubiquitous AD9364 transceiver.
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Fuada, Syifaul, Trio Adiono, and Lindawani Siregar. "Internet-of-Things for Smart Street Lighting System using ESP8266 on Mesh Network." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i2.22877.
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<p class="0abstract">IoT concept gained tremendous momentum in this century's technological advancements because it has efficiently connected various devices wirelessly. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi serial transceiver module is one of the most used devices for IoT applications. This paper designs the IoT-based smart street lighting system using ESP8266 configured as a Mesh network. The ESP8266 was instructed (programmed) to control the light level by producing a PWM signal, then it sends a dimmer value and reads the sensor's data. We can access our system wirelessly via a web server. The overall system was successful as a smart street lighting system in a wireless Mesh environment. This research result is also compared to the existing similar project in terms of the system complexity aspect.</p>
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Diratie, Eyassu Dilla, Durga Prasad Sharma, and Khaldoun Al Agha. "Energy Aware and Quality of Service Routing Mechanism for Hybrid Internet of Things Network." Computers 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10080093.
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Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) based on IEEE 802.11 mesh networks are effective and suitable solutions for video surveillance systems in detecting intrusions in selected monitored areas. The IEEE 802.11-based WMSNs offer high bit rate video transmissions but are challenged by energy inefficiency issues and concerns. To resolve the energy inefficiency challenges, the salient research studies proposed a hybrid architecture. This newly evolved architecture is based on the integration of IEEE 802.11-based mesh WMSNs along with the LoRa network to form an autonomous and high bitrate, energy-efficient video surveillance system. This paper proposes an energy-aware and Quality of Service (QoS) routing mechanism for mesh-connected visual sensor nodes in a hybrid Internet of Things (IoT) network. The routing algorithm allows routing a set of video streams with guaranteed bandwidth and limited delay using as few visual sensor nodes as possible in the network. The remaining idle visual sensor nodes can be turned off completely, and thus it can significantly minimize the overall energy consumption of the network. The proposed algorithm is numerically simulated, and the results show that the proposed approach can help in saving a significant amount of energy consumption while guaranteeing bandwidth and limited delay.
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Darroudi, Seyed, Raül Caldera-Sànchez, and Carles Gomez. "Bluetooth Mesh Energy Consumption: A Model." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051238.
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The recent publication of the Bluetooth Mesh standard is a remarkable milestone in the evolution of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). As a new technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) market, it is crucial to investigate the performance of Bluetooth Mesh. However, while a fundamental feature of Bluetooth Mesh is its suitability for energy-constrained devices, this aspect has not yet been properly considered in the literature. In this paper, we model the current consumption, lifetime and energy cost per delivered bit of a battery-operated Bluetooth Mesh sensor node. The model is based on measurements performed on a real hardware platform. Evaluation results quantify the impact of crucial Bluetooth Mesh parameters. Among others, we have found that a sensor device running on a simple 235 mAh battery, and sending a data message every 10 s, can achieve a lifetime of up to 15.6 months, whereas the asymptotic lifetime is 21.4 months.
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Lukyanov, Alexander, Danila Donskoy, Miroslav Vernezi, and Dmitry Karev. "Estimation of the carbon footprint of IoT devices based on ESP8266 microcontrollers." E3S Web of Conferences 279 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127901002.
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The development of the Internet of Things contributes to improving network protocols and increasing the requirements for energy efficiency of devices. In the field of the Internet of Things and automation systems, one of the most popular microcontrollers is the ESP8266. This article discusses the leading Internet of Things connection protocols based on ESP8266, such as ESP-NOW, HTTP, and ESP-MESH. The study of the power consumption of this microcontroller in various situations and describes the optimal applications of IoT based on ESP8266. The correct choice of communication means of the ESP8266 microcontroller allows you to reduce its power consumption by more than 10% relative to energyintensive communication algorithms. Compared to the power-intensive MESH network, the reduction in power consumption when using the HTTP protocol is 3.34%, and the percentage of energy-consuming events drops by 50.85%. When using ESP-NOW, energy efficiency increases by 5.35%, and the number of energy-consuming events decreases by 83.05%. The value of the carbon footprint generated by the device during the year was, for the three communication technologies used, 2 kg 500 g, 2 kg 320 g, and 2 kg 290 g of CO2, respectively.
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Varga, Ervin, Bojan Blagojević, and Dejan Mijić. "Composing Internet of Things Platforms in Smart Grid." MATEC Web of Conferences 208 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820802007.
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The abundance of smart appliances and concomitant data in Internet of Things (IoT) poses new industrial challenges. Devices must be managed, and data efficiently harvested. IoT platforms are the rescue; they are key architectural components in combatting complexity and scalability issues. This paper proposes a pragmatic composition method of these platforms, hence helps solving IoT interoperability conundrums. The described approach results in a higher-level abstraction, that shields user applications from the underlying turmoil. Our article presents an approach of wrapping such a mesh under a high-level domain API. To verify the soundness of our proposal we have implemented a fully functional proof of concept implementation. The source code is freely available at request. The outcome decisively demonstrates the proposed method's feasibility, power, and usefulness.
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Carruthers, Kate. "How the Internet of Things Changes Everything." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 2, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v2n4.275.
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In many ways the Internet of Things will change everything, as devices and software mesh and become part of the connected fabric of the Internet. This article explores the context and potential offered by the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). It provides an overview of this next phase of the digital revolution that is underpinned by the growth of the social web, web 2.0, and the convergence of technologies such as mobile and ubiquitous broadband. This article also attempts to provide some insight into the potential value of the Internet of Things market in the future. The opportunities offered by the Internet of Things also raise serious questions about privacy and security in a connected world. As Umair Haque noted recently: “At some point, we should all question the value of an internet that objectifies you, tracks you, and polices you...without your consent.” (Haque 2014)
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Ghori, Muhammad Rizwan, Tat-Chee Wan, and Gian Chand Sodhy. "Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks: Survey of Communication and Security Protocols." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 3590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123590.
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Mesh Networks enable flexible and reliable communications for low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Most BLE-based mesh protocols are implemented as overlays on top of the standard Bluetooth star topologies while using piconets and scatternets. Nonetheless, mesh topology support has increased the vulnerability of BLE to security threats, since a larger number of devices can participate in a BLE Mesh network. To address these concerns, BLE version 5 enhanced existing BLE security features to deal with various authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality issues. However, there is still a lack of detailed studies related to these new security features. This survey examines the most recent BLE-based mesh network protocols and related security issues. In the first part, the latest BLE-based mesh communication protocols are discussed. The analysis shows that the implementation of BLE pure mesh protocols remains an open research issue. Moreover, there is a lack of auto-configuration mechanisms in order to support bootstrapping of BLE pure mesh networks. In the second part, recent BLE-related security issues and vulnerabilities are highlighted. Strong Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are essential for detecting security breaches in order to protect against zero-day exploits. Nonetheless, viable IDS solutions for BLE Mesh networks remain a nascent research area. Consequently, a comparative survey of IDS approaches for related low-power wireless protocols was used to map out potential approaches for enhancing IDS solutions for BLE Mesh networks.
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Rghioui, Amine, and Abdelmajid Oumnad. "Challenges and Opportunities of Internet of Things in Healthcare." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2753-2761.
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<span lang="EN-US">The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on physical objects interconnected between each other’s, creating a mesh of devices producing information and services. In this context, sensors and actuators are being continuously embedded in everyday objects (e.g., cars, home appliances, and smartphones) thus pervading our living environment. Among the plethora of application contexts, smart Healthcare is gaining momentum. Indeed IoT can revolutionize the healthcare industry by improving operational efficiency and clinical trials’ quality of monitoring, and by optimizing healthcare costs. This paper provides an overview of IoT, its applicability in healthcare, some insights about current trends and an outlook on future developments of healthcare systems. </span>
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Yaseen, Azeema, Mohsin Nazir, Aneeqa Sabah, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Zuhaib Ashfaq Khan, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf, and Muhammad Ovais Ahmad. "Dimensionality Reduction for Internet of Things Using the Cuckoo Search Algorithm: Reduced Implications of Mesh Sensor Technologies." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (December 15, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897026.
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The internet of things is used as a demonstrative keyword for evolution of the internet and physical realms, by means of pervasive distributed commodities with embedded identification, sensing, and actuation abilities. Imminent intellectual technologies are subsidizing internet of things for information transmission within physical and autonomous digital entities to provide amended services, leading towards a new communication era. Substantial amounts of heterogeneous hardware devices, e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and various network protocols are exploited to support object identification and network communication. Data generated by these digital objects is termed as “Big Data” and incorporates high dimensional space with noisy, irrelevant, and redundant features. Direct execution of mining techniques onto such kind of high dimensionality attribute space can increase cost and complexity. Data analytic mechanisms are embedded into internet of things to permit intelligent decision-making capabilities. These notions have raised new challenges regarding internet of things from a data and algorithm perspective. The proposed study identifies the problem in the internet of things network and proposes a novel cuckoo search-based outdoor data management. The technique of the feature extraction is used for the extraction of expedient information from raw and high-dimensional data. After the implementation for the cuckoo search-based feature extraction, few test benchmarks are introduced to evaluate the performance of mutated cuckoo search algorithms. The consequential low-dimensional data optimizes classification accuracy along with reduced complexity and cost.
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Sahni, Yuvraj, Jiannong Cao, Shigeng Zhang, and Lei Yang. "Edge Mesh: A New Paradigm to Enable Distributed Intelligence in Internet of Things." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 16441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2739804.
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Rosyidi, Lukman, Muhamad Asvial, and Riri Fitri Sari. "Lightweight and Energy-Aware Wireless Mesh Routing for Autonomic Internet of Things Networ." International Journal of Control and Automation 12, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33832/ijca.2019.12.2.04.
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Hengel, Brock, Blayne Welk, and Richard J. Baverstock. "Medicolegal basics and update on transvaginal mesh in Canada." Canadian Urological Association Journal 11, no. 6S2 (June 13, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.4580.
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In recent years, midurethral slings (MUS) and transvaginal mesh procedures have experienced blazing growth and popularity. However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada regulatory advisories threw water on that fire and created a confusing environment surrounding their continued usage. MUS usage has continued in Canada and transvaginal mesh kits for pelvic organ prolapse have become a rarity. Several large organizations (the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction [SUFU], the American Urogynecologic Society [AUGS], and the Canadian Urological Association [CUA]) have developed “mesh statements” to clarify the issues surrounding mesh for patients and medical professionals; however, often the legal system sees things differently in either individual cases or class action lawsuits. In this update, some medicolegal basics are outlined and Canadian context on legal proceedings are highlighted. This summary does not constitute legal advice and physicians should contact experts in legal matters for help with consents, complaints, litigation, or questions.
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Claus, Nicolas, Jo Verhaevert, and Hendrik Rogier. "Cost-Driven Design of Printed Wideband Antennas with Reduced Silver Ink Consumption for the Internet of Things." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207929.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) accelerates the need for compact, lightweight and low-cost antennas combining wideband operation with a high integration potential. Although screen printing is excellently suited for manufacturing conformal antennas on a flexible substrate, its application is typically limited due to the expensive nature of conductive inks. This paper investigates how the production cost of a flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed planar monopole antenna can be reduced by exploiting a mesh-based method for limiting ink consumption. Prototypes with mesh grids of different line widths and densities were screen-printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil using silver-based nanoparticle ink. Smaller line widths decrease antenna gain and efficiency, while denser mesh grids better approximate unmeshed antenna behavior, albeit at the expense of greater ink consumption. A meshed prototype of 34.76×58.03mm with almost 80% ink reduction compared to an unmeshed counterpart is presented. It is capable of providing wideband coverage in the IMT/LTE-1/n1 (1.92–2.17 GHz), LTE-40/n40 (2.3–2.4 GHz), 2.45 GHz ISM (2.4–2.4835 GHz), IMT-E/LTE-7/n7 (2.5–2.69 GHz), and n78 5G (3.3–3.8 GHz) frequency bands. It exhibits a peak radiation efficiency above 90% and a metallized surface area of 2.46 cm2 (yielding an ink-to-total-surface ratio of 12.2%).
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Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rizwan Ali Naqvi, Saqib Ali, Seyedeh Yasaman Hosseini Mirmahaleh, Mohammed Alswaitti, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, and Kamran Siddique. "An Astrocyte-Flow Mapping on a Mesh-Based Communication Infrastructure to Defective Neurons Phagocytosis." Mathematics 9, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9233012.
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In deploying the Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-based applications and infrastructures, the researchers faced many sensors and their output’s values, which have transferred between service requesters and servers. Some case studies addressed the different methods and technologies, including machine learning algorithms, deep learning accelerators, Processing-In-Memory (PIM), and neuromorphic computing (NC) approaches to support the data processing complexity and communication between IoMT nodes. With inspiring human brain structure, some researchers tackled the challenges of rising IoT- and IoMT-based applications and neural structures’ simulation. A defective device has destructive effects on the performance and cost of the applications, and their detection is challenging for a communication infrastructure with many devices. We inspired astrocyte cells to map the flow (AFM) of the Internet of Medical Things onto mesh network processing elements (PEs), and detect the defective devices based on a phagocytosis model. This study focuses on an astrocyte’s cholesterol distribution into neurons and presents an algorithm that utilizes its pattern to distribute IoMT’s dataflow and detect the defective devices. We researched Alzheimer’s symptoms to understand astrocyte and phagocytosis functions against the disease and employ the vaccination COVID-19 dataset to define a set of task graphs. The study improves total runtime and energy by approximately 60.85% and 52.38% after implementing AFM, compared with before astrocyte-flow mapping, which helps IoMT’s infrastructure developers to provide healthcare services to the requesters with minimal cost and high accuracy.
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Basu, Subho Shankar, Mathias Baert, and Jeroen Hoebeke. "QoS Enabled Heterogeneous BLE Mesh Networks." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10020024.
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a widely known short-range wireless technology used for various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, with the introduction of BLE mesh networks, this short-range barrier of BLE has been overcome. However, the added advantage of an extended range can come at the cost of a lower performance of these networks in terms of latency, throughput and reliability, as the core operation of BLE mesh is based on advertising and packet flooding. Hence, efficient management of the system is required to achieve a good performance of these networks and a smoother functioning in dense scenarios. As the number of configuration points in a standard mesh network is limited, this paper describes a novel set of standard compliant Quality of Service (QoS) extensions for BLE mesh networks. The resulting QoS features enable better traffic management in the mesh network, providing sufficient redundancy to achieve reliability whilst avoiding unnecessary packet flooding to reduce collisions, as well as the prioritization of certain traffic flows and the ability to control end-to-end latencies. The QoS-based system has been implemented and validated in a small-scale BLE mesh network and compared against a setup without any QoS support. The assessment in a small-scale test setup confirms that applying our QoS features can enhance these types of non-scheduled and random access networks in a significant way.
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Khattak, Sohaib Bin Altaf, Moustafa M. Nasralla, Haleem Farman, and Nikumani Choudhury. "Performance Evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4-Based Thread Network for Efficient Internet of Things Communications in Smart Cities." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 7745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137745.
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The increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications has resulted in vast amounts of data, requiring the utilization of big data analytics. The integration of big data analytics in IoT-based smart cities can greatly benefit from the development of wireless communication protocols, among which the Thread protocol has emerged as a promising option. Thread is IEEE 802.15.4 based and has advanced capabilities like mesh networking, IPv6 support, and multiple gateways providing no single point of failure. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a low-cost mesh network using Raspberry Pi, nRF52840 dongle, and OpenThread 1.2 (i.e., an open-source software implementation of the Thread protocol stack). The research elaborates on the hardware and software solutions used, as well as the network topologies adopted. To evaluate the performance of the developed system, extensive real-time tests are performed, considering parameters, such as jitter, packet loss, and round trip time. These tests effectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the Thread network. Furthermore, the impact of varying payload size and bitrate on the network is analyzed to understand its influence. The behavior of the multi-hop network is also examined under link failure scenarios, providing insights into the network’s robustness. Our findings provide valuable insights for researchers interested in designing low-cost and efficient mesh networks for various IoT applications, including home automation, building/campus monitoring systems, distributed industrial IoT applications, and smart city infrastructure.
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Wang, Minyue, Yeming Li, Jiamei Lv, Yi Gao, Cheng Qiao, Baiqiang Liu, and Wei Dong. "ACE: A Routing Algorithm Based on Autonomous Channel Scheduling for Bluetooth Mesh Network." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010113.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects massive cyber-physical devices (CPD) to provide various applications, such as smart home and smart building. Bluetooth Mesh is an emerging networking technology, which can be used to organize a massive network with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices. Managed-flooding protocol is used in Bluetooth Mesh to route the data packets. Although it is a highly desirable option when data transmission is urgent, it is inefficient in a larger and denser mesh network due to the collisions of broadcast data packets. In this paper, we introduce ACE: a Routing Algorithm based on Autonomous Channel Scheduling for Bluetooth Mesh Network. ACE relies on the existing Bluetooth Mesh messages to distribute routes without additional traffic overhead and conducts a beacon-aware routing update adaptively as the topology evolves. In ACE, BLE channel resources can be efficiently utilized by a channel scheduling scheme for each node locally and autonomously without any neighborly negotiation. We implement ACE on the nRF52840 from Nordic Semiconductor and evaluate its effectiveness on our testbed. Compared to the Bluetooth Mesh, our experiments proved that ACE could reduce the end-to-end latency by 16%, alleviate packets collisions issues, and increase the packet delivery ratio (PDR) by 30% under heavy traffic. Moreover, simulation results verified that ACE has better scalability when the size and density of networks become larger and denser.
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Cilfone, Antonio, Luca Davoli, Laura Belli, and Gianluigi Ferrari. "Wireless Mesh Networking: An IoT-Oriented Perspective Survey on Relevant Technologies." Future Internet 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11040099.
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The Internet of Things (IoT), being a “network of networks”, promises to allow billions of humans and machines to interact with each other. Owing to this rapid growth, the deployment of IoT-oriented networks based on mesh topologies is very attractive, thanks to their scalability and reliability (in the presence of failures). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the following relevant wireless technologies: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4-oriented, and Sub-GHz-based LoRa. Our goal is to highlight how various communication technologies may be suitable for mesh networking, either providing a native support or being adapted subsequently. Hence, we discuss how these wireless technologies, being either standard or proprietary, can adapt to IoT scenarios (e.g., smart cities and smart agriculture) in which the heterogeneity of the involved devices is a key feature. Finally, we provide reference use cases involving all the analyzed mesh-oriented technologies.
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Ar-Reyouchi, El Miloud, Imane Maslouhi, and Kamal Ghoumid. "A new fast polling algorithm in wireless mesh network for narrowband Internet of Things." Telecommunication Systems 74, no. 3 (April 23, 2020): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-020-00671-z.
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Abid, Muhammad Aneeq, Naokhaiz Afaqui, Muazzam A. Khan, Muhammad Waseem Akhtar, Asad Waqar Malik, Arslan Munir, Jawad Ahmad, and Balawal Shabir. "Evolution towards Smart and Software-Defined Internet of Things." AI 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 100–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai3010007.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a mesh network of interconnected objects with unique identifiers that can transmit data and communicate with one another without the need for human intervention. The IoT has brought the future closer to us. It has opened up new and vast domains for connecting not only people, but also all kinds of simple objects and phenomena all around us. With billions of heterogeneous devices connected to the Internet, the network architecture must evolve to accommodate the expected increase in data generation while also improving the security and efficiency of connectivity. Traditional IoT architectures are primitive and incapable of extending functionality and productivity to the IoT infrastructure’s desired levels. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization are two promising technologies for cost-effectively handling the scale and versatility required for IoT. In this paper, we discussed traditional IoT networks and the need for SDN and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), followed by an analysis of SDN and NFV solutions for implementing IoT in various ways.
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Gu, Ke, WenBin Zhang, Se-Jung Lim, Pradip Kumar Sharma, Zafer Al-Makhadmeh, and Amr Tolba. "Reusable Mesh Signature Scheme for Protecting Identity Privacy of IoT Devices." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030758.
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The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a very important role for processing data at the edge of a network. Therefore, it is very important to protect the privacy of IoT devices when these devices process and transfer data. A mesh signature (MS) is a useful cryptographic tool, which makes a signer sign any message anonymously. As a result, the signer can hide his specific identity information to the mesh signature, namely his identifying information (such as personal public key) may be hidden to a list of tuples that consist of public key and message. Therefore, we propose an improved mesh signature scheme for IoT devices in this paper. The IoT devices seen as the signers may sign their publishing data through our proposed mesh signature scheme, and their specific identities can be hidden to a list of possible signers. Additionally, mesh signature consists of some atomic signatures, where the atomic signatures can be reusable. Therefore, for a large amount of data published by the IoT devices, the atomic signatures on the same data can be reusable so as to decrease the number of signatures generated by the IoT devices in our proposed scheme. Compared with the original mesh signature scheme, the proposed scheme has less computational costs on generating final mesh signature and signature verification. Since atomic signatures are reusable, the proposed scheme has more advantages on generating final mesh signature by reconstructing atomic signatures. Furthermore, according to our experiment, when the proposed scheme generates a mesh signature on 10 MB message, the memory consumption is only about 200 KB. Therefore, it is feasible that the proposed scheme is used to protect the identity privacy of IoT devices.
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Pang, Ya. "Improvement of Student Weariness Emotion in English Classroom Based on Intelligent Internet of Things and Big Data Technology." Occupational Therapy International 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9369389.
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In order to improve the recognition effect of student weariness emotion in English classroom, this paper combines intelligent Internet of Things technology and big data technology to construct an improvement model of student weariness emotion in English classroom. In the process of student facial expression recognition, according to the given grayscale threshold, this paper extracts the surface contour information from the three-dimensional volume data, extracts the student’s surface contour information, and uses triangular facets to fit to form a triangular mesh. Moreover, this paper renders a triangular mesh model and shows how to speed up the calculation of PFH. In addition, this paper proposes a Fast Point Feature Histogram, which uses an iterative closest point fine registration algorithm for image registration. Finally, this paper constructs an emotion recognition model of students’ weariness in English classroom. From the test results, it can be seen that the student weariness emotion recognition system in English classroom proposed in this paper can effectively identify students’ weariness emotion.
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Clerbaux, B., D. Gómez de Gracia, P. Petitjean, and Y. Yang. "Design of an Internet of Things — based multi-channel temperature monitoring system." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): C04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/c04012.
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Abstract In the scope of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) project, 6 back-end card (BEC) mezzanines connected to one BEC base board are in charge of compensating the attenuated incoming data from 48 front-end channels over 48 100-meter-long Ethernet cables. Each of the mezzanines has 16 equalizers that may be subject to overheating. It is important therefore to monitor their temperature in real time. However, collecting data from a relatively large (1080) number of mezzanines is not a trivial task. In this work we propose a solution based on Wi-Fi mesh. Both the technical details and the first test results performed are reported.
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Barolli, Admir, Shinji Sakamoto, Kevin Bylykbashi, and Leonard Barolli. "A Hybrid Intelligent Simulation System for Building IoT Networks: Performance Comparison of Different Router Replacement Methods for WMNs Considering Stadium Distribution of IoT Devices." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 7727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207727.
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As the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications proliferate, it becomes increasingly important to design robust networks that can continue to meet user demands at a high level. Wireless local area networks (WLANs) can be a good choice as IoT infrastructure when high throughput is required. On the other hand, wireless mesh networks (WMNs), which are WLANs with mesh topology following the IEEE802.11s standard, have many advantages compared to conventional WLANs. Nevertheless, there are some problems that need solutions. One of them is the node placement problem. In this work, we propose and implement a hybrid intelligent system that solves this problem by determining the position of mesh nodes by maximizing the mesh connectivity and the coverage of IoT devices. The system is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), simulated annealing (SA), and distributed genetic algorithm (DGA). We compare the performance of three router replacement methods: constriction method (CM), random inertia weight method (RIWM), and rational decrement of Vmax method (RDVM). The simulation results show that RIWM achieves better performance compared to CM and RDVM because it achieves the highest connectivity while covering more clients than the other two methods.
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Fika, Harsena Hayas, Shinta Elystia, and Aryo Sasmita. "Pengolahan Tanah Tercemar Logam Berat Pb dan Cd Menggunakan Biochar Sekam Padi dengan Variasi Ukuran Partikel." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v7i1.215.
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Soil contamination by heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is a form of pollution that is very dangerous for living things. One of the efforts to cultivate polluted soil is the remediation method using biochar from rice husks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of biochar particle size variations on the removal of heavy metals Pb and Cd on contaminated soil. Biochar is made by pyrolysis at 500 0C for 1 hour and flows 0.1 L / minute of N2 gas. This study used a variety of biochar particle sizes of 100 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh and testing time every 10 days for 1 month. The results of this study were the highest Pb and Cd removal in the addition of biochar with a particle size of 100 mesh, namely with a Pb concentration of 91.32 mg / kg and a removal efficiency of 54.05% ; Cd concentration of 10.47 mg / kg and a removal efficiency of 47.36%. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that the smaller the biochar particle size, the efficiency of heavy metal removal will increase.
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Owens, David, Shuja Ansari, Haitham Cruickshank, Rahim Tafazolli, and Muhammad Ali Imran. "Coverage Extension for the UK Smart Meter Implementation Programme Using Mesh Connectivity." Telecom 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom3040034.
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Smart meters (SM) with wireless capabilities are one of the most meaningful applications of the Internet of Things. Standards like Zigbee have found a niche in transmitting data on energy usage to the user and the supplier wirelessly via these meters and communication hubs. There are still certain difficulties, notably in delivering wireless connectivity to meters situated in difficult-to-reach locations such as basements or deep indoors. To solve this issue, this paper investigates the usage of mesh networks at 868 MHz, particularly to increase coverage, and proposes an additional mounted antenna to significantly increase outside coverage while providing the necessary coverage extension for hard-to-reach indoor locations. Extensive measurements were made in Newbury in both suburban and open environments for validation and delivery of a simple statistical model for the 868 MHz band in United Kingdom conurbations. Results presented in this paper estimate that mesh networks at 868 MHz can accommodate large areas constituting several SMs with the proposed coverage extension method. With our findings and proposed methods on mesh connectivity, only 1% of UK premises will require mesh radios to achieve the desired coverage.
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Wang, QiYuan, and HongFang Lv. "Intelligent lighting control system based on Internet of things technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2310, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2310/1/012060.
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Abstract With the rapid development of the economy[1], the number of cars in our country continues to increase, underground parking garages have become commercial centers, supporting facilities in large residential areas, the number of underground garages is increasing, and the energy consumption of underground garage lighting systems is also rising. This question proposes an intelligent lighting control system based on the Internet of Things technology, studies the wifi protocol, wireless mesh networking technology, the Internet of Things cloud platform and other technologies. Based on the ESP32 chip, the terminal lighting control node is designed and developed, which cooperates with the sensor to realize the detection of personnel movement and light intensity information. The terminal lighting node controls the brightness and switch of the lamps according to this information, and realizes the effect of turning on the lights when the car arrives and turning off the lights when the car leaves, so as to achieve energy-saving control purpose.
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Son, Yun-Hee, and Kyu-Chul Lee. "The Architecture Design of Internet of Things Device Mesh Based on Linked Open Data Virtualization." Advanced Science Letters 22, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 3284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.7892.
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Coleman, Kwami. "Free Jazz and the “New Thing”." Journal of Musicology 38, no. 3 (2021): 261–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2021.38.3.261.
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Ornette Coleman’s Free Jazz was at the center of controversy in early 1960s music journalism. Released in 1961, the album contains a single thirty-seven-minute performance that is abstract and opaque. Its presumed cacophony and lack of order made Free Jazz emblematic of the “new thing,” the moniker journalists used to describe jazz’s emergent avant-garde, and links were drawn between the album’s sound and the supposed anti-traditionalism and radical (racial) politics of its artists and their supporters. This article does three things. It examines prominent reportage surrounding the album and the “new thing,” outlining the analytical shortfalls that helped to promulgate common misunderstandings about the music. It presents a new analytical framework for understanding Free Jazz, and it explains how the performance was organized and executed by exploring the textural provenance of its abstraction: heterophony. Heterophony, a term commonly used in ethnomusicology but with various shades of meaning, is theorized here as an opaque, decentralized musical texture. It opens up new epistemological terrain in the context of experimental improvised music by affording multiple simultaneous subjectivities (i.e., different sonified identities), interpolating the listener into a dynamic and constantly shifting sonic mesh. The experiment that was Free Jazz, I argue, is one of collective musical agency, in which the opacity of that sonic mesh—woven by the musicians in coordinated action—subverts traditional expectations of clarity, cohesion, and order, beckoning the listener to hear more openly, or more “freely.”
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Baert, Mathias, Jen Rossey, Adnan Shahid, and Jeroen Hoebeke. "The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation." Sensors 18, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082409.
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Mesh networks enable a many-to-many relation between nodes, which means that each node in the network can communicate with every other node using multi-hop communication and path diversity. As it enables the fast roll-out of sensor and actuator networks, it is an important aspect within the Internet of Things (IoT). Utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an underlying technology to implement such mesh networks has gained a lot of interest in recent years. The result was a variety of BLE meshing solutions that were not interoperable because of the lack of a common standard. This has changed recently with the advent of the Bluetooth Mesh standard. However, a detailed overview of how this standard operates, performs and how it tackles other issues concerning BLE mesh networking is missing. Therefore, this paper investigates this new technology thoroughly and evaluates its performance by means of three approaches, namely an experimental evaluation, a statistical approach and a graph-based simulation model, which can be used as the basis for future research. Apart from showing that consistent results are achieved by means of all three approaches, we also identify possible drawbacks and open issues that need to be dealt with.
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Labib, Mostafa, Atef Ghalwash, Sarah Abdulkader, and Mohamed Elgazzar. "Networking solutions for connecting bluetooth low energy devices - a comparison." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929202003.
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The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an attractive solution for implementing low-cost, low power consumption, short-range wireless transmission technology and high flexibility wireless products, which working on standard coin-cell batteries for years. The original design of BLE is restricted to star topology networking, which limits network coverage and scalability. In contrast, other competing technologies like Wi-Fi and ZigBee overcome those constraints by supporting different topologies such as the tree and mesh network topologies. This paper presents a part of the researchers’ efforts in designing solutions to enable BLE mesh networks and implements a tree network topology which is not supported in the standard BLE specifications. In addition, it discusses the advantages and drawbacks of the existing BLE network solutions. During analyzing the existing solutions, we highlight currently open issues such as flooding-based and routing-based solutions to allow end-to-end data transmission in a BLE mesh network and connecting BLE devices to the internet to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The approach proposed in this paper combines the default BLE star topology with the flooding based mesh topology to create a new hybrid network topology. The proposed approach can extend the network coverage without using any routing protocol.
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Darroudi, Seyed Mahdi, and Carles Gomez. "Experimental Evaluation of 6BLEMesh: IPv6-Based BLE Mesh Networks." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164623.
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become a major wireless technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). Recent efforts of academia, industry and standards development organizations have focused on creating BLE mesh network solutions. 6BLEMesh is a specification being developed by the IETF that defines an IPv6-oriented approach for BLE mesh networking. In this paper, we perform an experimental evaluation of 6BLEMesh, based on a real implementation. We evaluate latency, round trip time (RTT) and energy consumption. For the latter, we model the device current consumption, we determine the energy efficiency of communication, and we obtain the theoretical device lifetime (for battery-operated devices), for three different hardware platforms. Under the assumptions in our study (including a simple 235 mAh battery, and periodic data transmission), the maximum, asymptotic, device lifetime is 573 days, whereas battery-operated router devices can also achieve 3-digit lifetimes (in days) in many scenarios. Our results also illustrate the impact on performance of BLE-level and application-level parameter settings, adaptation layer mechanisms such as IPv6 header compression, and device hardware characteristics.
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Adiono, Trio, Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra, Maulana Yusuf Fathany, and Waskita Adijarto. "Desain Sistem Rumah Cerdas berbasis Topologi Mesh dan Protokol Wireless Sensor Network yang Efisien." Jurnal INKOM 9, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.inkom.429.
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Dalam publikasi ini, kami mengusulkan sistem rumah cerdas berdasarkan dua pendekatan. Pendekatan pertama adalah arsitektur bertopologi mesh dan yang kedua adalah protokol Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) yang efisien. Sistem ini memiliki dua lingkungan kerja, indoor dan outdoor. Lingkungan indoor menggunakan sistem WSN, sedangkan lingkungan luar menggunakan sistem internet-cloud. Skema ini dikenal sebagai Internet-of-Things (IoT). Lingkungan indoor dan outdoor terhubung satu sama lain dengan menggunakan suatu jembatan penghubung. Sistem WSN dibentuk dari komponen-komponen WSN yang menggunakan topologi mesh. Setiap komponen dari WSN dirancang untuk mengimplementasikan protokol data efisien yang diusulkan. Untuk lingkungan outdoor, sistem internet-cloud yang ada adalah infrastruktur utama. Dengan demikian, sistem rumah cerdas ini dapat dipantau dan dikendalikan dari ponsel cerdas, kapan saja dan di mana saja, selama akses mobile data tersedia. Untuk evaluasi sistem, beberapa tes telahdilakukan untuk mendapatkan profil sistem.
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Ar-Reyouchi, El Miloud, Yousra Lamrani, Imane Benchaib, Kamal Ghoumid, and Salma Rattal. "The Total Network Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks for IoT Applications." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 08 (May 20, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i08.12697.
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<p class="0abstract">Computing and measuring the total capacity of a data network are a remarkably difficult problem. These metrics are directly linked to the available bandwidth to each wireless internet of things (IoT) device of the network. In this paper, the authors study the performance metrics associated with capacity traffic in multi-hop wireless mesh networks (WMNs). It is dedicated to Internet access assuming a time division multiple access (TDMA). They focus simultaneously on three key operating metrics, the total network capacity (TNC), total application network capacity (TANC), and the Average message time (AMS). They also analyze how parameters such as forward error correction (FEC) and acknowledgments (ACK) affect the overall network capacity under different operating conditions. Theoretical network capacity for WMNs, in this paper, is explored to draw attention to the number of open research issues</p>
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Afifie, Nur Azzurin, Adam Wong Yoon Khang, Abd Shukur Bin Ja'afar, Ahmad Fairuz Bin Muhammad Amin, Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydehahmad, Win Adiyansyah Indra, Safarudin Gazali Herawan, and Arnidza Binti Ramli. "Evaluation Method of Mesh Protocol over ESP32 and ESP8266." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4(Suppl.) (December 20, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4(suppl.).1397.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the newest matters in both industry and academia of the communication engineering world. On the other hand, wireless mesh networks, a network topology that has been debate for decades that haven’t been put into use in great scale, can make a transformation when it arises to the network in the IoT world nowadays. A Mesh IoT network is a local network architecture in which linked devices cooperate and route data using a specified protocol. Typically, IoT devices exchange sensor data by connecting to an IoT gateway. However, there are certain limitations if it involves to large number of sensors and the data that should be received is difficult to analyze. The aim of the work here is to implement a self-configuring mesh network in IoT sensor devices for better independent data collection quality. The research conducted in this paper is to build a mesh network using NodeMCU ESP 8266 and NodeMCU ESP 32 with two types of sensor, DHT 11 and DHT 22. Hence, the work here has evaluated on the delay performance metric in Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (nLos) situation based on different network connectivity. The results give shorter delay time in LoS condition for all connected nodes as well as when any node fail to function in the mesh network compared to nLoS condition. The paper demonstrates that the IoT sensor devices composing the mesh network is a must to leverage the link communication performance for data collection in order to be used in IoT-based application such as fertigation system. It will certainly make a difference in the industry once being deployed on large scale in the IoT world and make the IoT more accessible to a wider audience.
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Orhan, Orhan, and Huseyin Goren. "Largely Scalable Wireless Network Formation Architectures for Internet of Things." International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2017.3.4.17.
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As number of mobile devices increases with Internet of Things (IoT) capability and power consumption is important in multi hop communication, there is need of considering network formation architectures inIoT networks.In this work power levels of nodes, urgency of messages to be transmitted are not taken into consideration, a general approach considered with all nodes with same power levels and no priority for messages to be sent.Another assumption is all nodes are on the same 2D plane. Multi hop wireless network architectures studied and scalable, best performing architecture which is hypercubic network architecture is highlighted for IoT networks. Especially for large number of nodes needs to be considered hypercubic architecture performs much better than mesh, tree and ring kind of architectures in terms of dilation and number of connections. The simulation results are based on a simulator developed on C++ program. The results are showed that Hypercubic architecture with logarithmic dilation is much better than other network types. Cube Connected Cycles (CCC)based network architecture (which is derivative of Hypercube) can be preferred, especially when a constant degree is needed, in communication technologies such as Bluetooth. As a future work, a network architecture study can be made which takes energy levels and urgency of messages to be sent.
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Dianty, Adenia Gita, Andrea Rizky Sabrina Harahap, Claudia Harfian, and Setijo Bismo. "Wet impregnation of silver oxide on Lampung natural zeolite as an adsorbent to produce oxygen-enriched air using PSA technique." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401013.
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High purity oxygen can be used for various things. Oxygen purification method to be applied on this research is the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technique. The adsorbent that would be used is a natural zeolite, namely ZAL (Zeolite Alam Lampung). Natural zeolite has non-polar properties, so it will adsorb gas with high quadruple moment, which is nitrogen. The varied variable is the size of adsorbent and the concentration of H2SO4. The sizes are 18-35 mesh, 35-60 mesh, and 60-100 mesh. While the H2SO4 concentration are 1M, 2M and 3M. Size of ZAL, and the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were varied to get the optimum value. The adsorbent will be activated in aqua demine, H2SO4, NaOH, and through a calcination process. The purpose of this pre-treatment was to remove the impurities and to increase the specific surface area of zeolite. Moreover, ZAL will also be modified by wet impregnation technique using AgNO3 solution with 1%-wt loading nominal. The morphology, composition, and crystal phase were characterized by BET, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The result of the adsorption process was analyzed by using GC (Gas Chromatograph). ZAL 35-60 mesh 1M showed the best performance on adsorbing nitrogen, with its lowest peak at 60356 μV. The result of this research suggested that ZAL itself has the main role on adsorbing nitrogen, while AgxO did not give any significant effect
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Cotrim, Jeferson Rodrigues, and João Henrique Kleinschmidt. "LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154273.
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The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.
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S.SivaNageswara Rao, Dr, Orchu Aruna, and Dr K.Lakshminadh. "Mobile ad hoc network integrated wireless networks: a survey." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (March 1, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9827.
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Now a day, every one using mobile devices for communicating with others. The development of new technologies, like Internet of Things (IoT) needs coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS. In ubiquity networks, the major issues are coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS. To solve these limitations, integrating wireless networks with ad hoc networks. This paper provides detail survey on how ad hoc networks are integrated with Cellular Network, Wireless Mesh Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks. This integration may resolve the problems of coverage, connectivity, scalability and QoS.
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Menze, C., R. Wegert, T. Reeber, F. Erhardt, H. C. Moehring, and J. Stegmann. "NUMERICAL METHODS FOR THE SIMULATION OF SEGMENTED CHIPS AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION IN MACHINING OF TI-6AL-4V." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 5052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_11_2021152.
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The simulation of machining processes holds the opportunity for process improvement on many levels. Possible benefits that can be derived from accurate representations of the real processes on the tool from simulations include a prediction of tool wear, the shape of the chips produced, the forces, frictions and temperatures that arise and the residual stresses in the workpiece. These predictions can be used to improve the process in terms of its economic and ecological behaviour: Increasing the service life of the tools used through an improved understanding of the tool-workpiece interaction. The finite element method (FEM), among others, has emerged as a common method for simulating these processes. When simulating machining processes using FEM, a major challenge is to avoid or compensate for the mesh distortions caused by the massive, fast-moving deformation processes, but at the same time to allow the mesh to be discretised in some way to ensure chip removal. To this end, various approaches will be presented in the course of this work and the mesh-based approaches will be explored in depth. Among other things, a remeshing approach for these investigations was developed. The machining of TI6AL4V is used to illustrate these approaches, as its tendency to form segmented chips is particularly challenging to model.
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Oostvogels, Jonathan, Fan Yang, Sam Michiels, and Danny Hughes. "Symbol-Synchronous Buses: Deterministic, Low-Latency Wireless Mesh Networking with LEDs." Communications of the ACM 66, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3583762.
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Latency-sensitive applications for the Internet of Things often require performance guarantees that contemporary wireless networks fail to offer. The cause of this shortcoming lies in the inherent complexity and inefficiency of networking abstractions such as routing, medium access control, and store-and-forward packet switching, which coordinate multiple nodes across a wireless network. This research highlight describes a novel networking paradigm that aims to enable a new class of latency-sensitive applications by systematically breaking these abstractions. The paradigm, referred to as a symbol-synchronous bus, has nodes that concurrently transmit optical signals and thus delivers a wireless mesh network with a performance envelope resembling that of a wired bus in terms of deterministic latency and throughput. A physical prototype, called ZERO-WIRE, confirms that symbol-synchronous buses unlock a novel end-to-end performance envelope for wireless mesh networks: our 25-node test bed achieves 19kbps of contention-agnostic goodput, latency under 1 ms for two-byte frames across four hops, jitter on the order of 10μs of (is, and a base reliability of 99%. These early results suggest a bright future for the under-explored area of optical wireless mesh networks in delivering ubiquitous connectivity through a low-complexity physical layer.