Journal articles: 'Mesenteric manifestations'

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Eisinger, Philip, Mohammad Alobaidi, Duane Mezwa, and Paul J. Arpasi. "Various Manifestations of Mesenteric Ischemia." Radiologist 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.rad.0000092444.90387.91.

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Zhou, Xue Lei, Xue Mei Wan, Jing Chen, and Zi Yan Xie. "Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) with sepsis and death: a case study." Annals of Chinese Medicine 2021, no. 2 (October 25, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46949/acm.2021.2.2.

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Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a rare clinical manifestation of ischemic enteropathy. There are no specific manifestations in the early stages. Digestive symptoms only present in the advanced stage. Diagnosis relies on extensive calcification of the mesenteric venule and extensive intestinal wall thickening via computed tomography (CT) scanning. A 50 years old Chinese woman who had taken herbal medicine for three years was diagnosed with IMP. All treatment after admission was in vain and she died 30 days thereafter. Therefore, when a patient with long-term oral intake of herbal medicine, which contains geniposde, presents with unknown ischemia, abdominal pain, mucinous stools, bloody stools, attention should be paid to screen IMP.

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Bedrov, A. Ya, A. A. Moiseev, A. V. Belozertseva, A. N. Morozov, and Yu A. Pugachenko. "LONG-TERM RESULTS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC AND INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES DURING RESECTION OF THE ANEURYSM OF THE INFRARENAL AORTIC SEGMENT." VESTNIK KHIRURGII IMENI I.I.GREKOVA 177, no. 4 (September 8, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2018-177-4-67-72.

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The OBJECTIVE is to assess the patency of the inferior mesenteric artery and internal iliac arteries in the remote period after resection of the aneurysm of the infrarenal aortic segment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 33 patients who underwent resection of the abdominal aortic aneurysm with reconstruction of the inferior mesenteric artery and (or) internal iliac arteries from 1998 to 2017. All patients were examined with computed tomography scan with contrast to assess the patency of inferior mesenteric artery and internal iliac arteries. RESULTS. Patients were observed from 0.5 to 15 years. Among 30 patients with inferior mesenteric artery implanted into the prosthesis, 23 (76 %) patients had a passable inferior mesenteric artery and 7 patients had an occluded inferior mesenteric artery. The implanted inferior mesenteric artery maintained its patency for 3 years in 100% of cases, from 3 to 5 years – in 86%, after 5 years and more – in 62%. In one patient who underwent reconstruction of the internal iliac artery, thrombosis of the prosthetic-internal iliac shunt was found out in 1.5 years after the operation, without any clinical manifestations. One patient, underwent the reconstruction of the internal iliac artery, was diagnosed with thrombosis of the prosthetic-internal iliac shunt in 1.5 years after the operation, which was not accompanied by clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION. The high remote patency of the inferior mesenteric artery and internal iliac arteries reconstructed during resection of the aneurysm of the infrarenal aortic segment indicates the need for this procedure in order to prevent ischemic disorders of the digestive organs and pelvis.

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Keskin, Metin, Turgut Akgül, Adem Bayraktar, Fatih Dikici, and Emre Balık. "Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: An Infrequent Complication of Scoliosis Surgery." Case Reports in Surgery 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/263431.

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Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare condition that causes a proximal small intestinal obstruction due to contraction of the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Scoliosis surgery is one of the 15 reasons for superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which can present with acute or chronic manifestations. Although conservative treatment is usually possible, surgical treatment is required in certain cases that cannot be treated using conservative methods. In this paper, we describe a patient who developed superior mesenteric artery syndrome after scoliosis surgery and was treated with duodenojejunostomy due to failure and complications of conservative treatment.

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Morray, Brian, Yongdong Zhao, Caitlin Smith, and Eric Monroe. "Middle Aortic Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Visceral Manifestations, and Management." Digestive Disease Interventions 02, no. 03 (August 20, 2018): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668568.

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AbstractMiddle aortic syndrome (MAS) is characterized by severe narrowing of the abdominal aorta, frequently involving the great abdominal vessels. Although increasingly implicated in primary hypertension, up to one-third of cases affect the mesenteric vasculature, and the resultant manifestations may be underrecognized. Early intervention with interdisciplinary medical management and invasive arterial reconstruction affords preservation of end-organ function and improvement in patient survival. This article reviews the embryology of the thoracoabdominal aorta and major abdominal arteries, as well as the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of the nonatherosclerotic abdominal coarctation otherwise known as MAS.

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Chisalau, V., C. Tica, S. Chirila, and C. Ionescu. "Ileal mesenteric cyst in young patient – Case presentation." ARS Medica Tomitana 23, no. 2 (May 24, 2017): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2017-0015.

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AbstractMesenteric cysts represent rare diseases of the abdominal cavity. The low incidence and the nonspecific clinical manifestations lead to a difficult diagnosis. Most of the time, these are diagnosed in advanced stages when complications arise or by chance following routine imagistic investigations. The ideal treatment for mesenteric cysts is the total surgical removal. The prognostic is favorable in most of the cases.

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Ko, S. F., S. H. Ng, C. S. Shieh, J. W. Lin, C. C. Huang, and T. Y. Lee. "Mesenteric cystic lymphangioma with myxoid degeneration: Unusual CT and MR manifestations." Pediatric Radiology 25, no. 7 (September 1995): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02015784.

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Medlicott, Shaun AC, Paul Beaudry, Gary Morris, Gwen Hollaar, and Francis Sutherland. "Intestinal Thromboangiitis Obliterans in a Woman: A Case Report and Discussion of Chronic Ischemic Changes." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 17, no. 9 (2003): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/415179.

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Although traditionally regarded as a disease of distal extremities, mesenteric vasculature can also manifest thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). There are 31 cases of intestinal TAO in the English literature and the majority of subjects are male. However, cases of women with TAO are becoming more common, coinciding with an increased incidence of smoking in this sex. We describe the sixth case of a female patient with classic extremity manifestations paralleled by paroxysms of abdominal angina. Intestinal TAO can mimic extremity disease of smoldering chronic ischemia punctuated by unpredictable acute episodes of gangrene. In the present case, chronic ischemia manifested as partial bowel obstruction due to stricture deformity of the ileum and profound adipocyte atrophy of mesentery.

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Nikitin, S. S., Yu G. Pyattoev, N. B. Guseva, M. V. Leukhin, and A. V. Vishnevskaya. "FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES IN COVID-19 IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL SYNDROME: DESCRIPTION OF CLINICAL CASES." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 100, no. 6 (December 13, 2021): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-6-178-181.

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The authors describe clinical observations of children with acute mesenteric adenitis with PCRconfirmed COVID-19 infection. Attention during ultrasound diagnostics is drawn to the condition of the lymph nodes – mesenteric adenitis in COVID-19 infection was manifested by a significant increase in the size of the nodes – more than 15 mm, a large number of nodes in the cut with a tendency to form a conglomerate, a more rounded shape, significantly increased blood flow, a reaction of the peritoneum in the form its thickening and the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Unusual for a «ordinary» respiratory viral or intestinal infection type of lymph nodes was the only sign that distinguishes the manifestations of mesenteric infection in COVID-19 infection.

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Chen, Ying-Ying, Sheng-Mao Wu, Russell Oliver Kosik, Yi-Chien Hsieh, Tzu-I. Wu, and Wing P. Chan. "Acute Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis in a Pregnant Patient at 10 Weeks Gestation: A Case Report." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081348.

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Acute abdominal pain during pregnancy is challenging, both from a diagnostic and management perspective. A non-localized, persistent pain out of proportion to physical examination is a sign that advanced imaging may be necessary. Mesenteric venous thrombosis in a pregnant patient is extremely rare, but if diagnosis is delayed, can be potentially fatal to both the mother and the fetus. We present here a pregnant patient in the tenth week of gestation with classic clinical manifestations of mesenteric vein thrombosis and the corresponding findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).

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Ritter, Zsombor, Katalin Zámbó, Xinkai Jia, Dávid Szöllősi, Dániel Dezső, Hussain Alizadeh, Ildikó Horváth, et al. "Intraperitoneal Glucose Transport to Micrometastasis: A Multimodal In Vivo Imaging Investigation in a Mouse Lymphoma Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094431.

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Bc-DLFL.1 is a novel spontaneous, high-grade transplantable mouse B-cell lymphoma model for selective serosal propagation. These cells attach to the omentum and mesentery and show dissemination in mesenteric lymph nodes. We aimed to investigate its early stage spread at one day post-intraperitoneal inoculation of lymphoma cells (n = 18 mice), and its advanced stage at seven days post-inoculation with in vivo [18F]FDG-PET and [18F]PET/MRI, and ex vivo by autoradiography and Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI). Of the early stage group, nine animals received intraperitoneal injections, and nine received intravenous [18F]FDG injections. The advanced stage group (n = 3) received intravenous FDG injections. In the early stage, using autoradiography we observed a marked accumulation in the mesentery after intraperitoneal FDG injection. Using other imaging methods and autoradiography, following the intravenous injection of FDG no accumulations were detected. At the advanced stage, tracer accumulation was clearly detected in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the peritoneum after intravenous administration using PET. We confirmed the results with immunohistochemistry. Our results in this model highlight the importance of local FDG administration during diagnostic imaging to precisely assess early peritoneal manifestations of other malignancies (colon, stomach, ovary). These findings also support the importance of applying topical therapies, in addition to systemic treatments in peritoneal cancer spread.

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Nesterenko, Iryna Romanivna. "Polymorphism of Clinical Manifestations in Patients with “the Nutcracker Syndrome”." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.08.042.

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Introduction. “The nutcracker syndrome” occurs due to abnormal compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Clinical manifestations range from hematuria, proteinuria, pain in the left lumbar region, left sided varicocele in men, and left sided pudendal varicosity in women to the development of severe anemia and renal failure in some cases due to progressive phlebohypertension.Materials and methods. The study included 210 patientswith suspected “nutcracker syndrome” . The age of the patients ranged from 12 to 52. All patients were interviewed for specific complaints. All referred patients underwent color Doppler ultrasound. The patients with confirmed left renal vein stenosis underwent CT angiography.Results of the researchAccording to color Doppler ultrasound, different degree of aorta mesenteric clamp (AMC) was confirmed in 138 (65.7%) patients, critical LRV stenosis was observed in 35 of them. The predominant complaints of the patients with AMC included pain in the left half of the abdomen and left lumbar region, left sided varicocele and left sided pudendal varicosity, hematuria.. More than half of the patients with AMC complained of dysmenorrhea, and one in four patients with AMC complained of erectile dysfunction.Conclusions. There is no consensus on the diagnostic algorithm for this pathology detection. There is a lack of evidence base (multicenter clinical randomized trials) regarding the clinical selectivity of treatment approaches. The pathology is rarely diagnosed due to a number of objective and subjective reasons, nonspecific symptoms, and therefore it deserves special attention in the study of pathogenesis, diagnosis and choice of treatment approach.

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Mosli, Mohammed H., Wilson W. Chan, Izabella Morava-Protzner, and Susan M. Kuhn. "Schistosomiasis Presenting as a Case of Acute Appendicitis with Chronic Mesenteric Thrombosis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5863219.

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The manifestations of schistosomiasis typically result from the host inflammatory response to parasitic eggs that are deposited in the mucosa of either the gastrointestinal tract or bladder. We present here a case of a 50-year-old gentleman with a rare gastrointestinal presentation of both schistosomal appendicitis and mesenteric thrombosis.

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Sehhat, Siavoush, Hamid Talebzadeh, Atousa Hakamifard, Hamid Melali, Somayeh Shabib, Alireza Rahmati, and Amir Larki-Harchegani. "Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in a Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.77.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents clinical manifestations similar to the influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). However, in the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), various pathological complications of high clinical significance have remained unknown. Impaired blood supply to the visceral vascular system can cause serious life-threatening acute damage. We report a case of extensive acute mesenteric ischemia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed in a patient hospitalized in Amin Hospital – a COVID-19 referral center in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. This case highlights the importance of paying attention to serious and less common or less known clinical manifestations other than fever, dry cough, dyspnea, and myalgia.

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Kim, Jeong Woo, Hyung Sub Park, Kyung Lim Koo, Chang Sik Shin, and Taeseung Lee. "Clinical Manifestations of Symptomatic Spontaneous Dissection of the Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries." Journal of Vascular Surgery 75, no. 4 (April 2022): 21S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2022.01.074.

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Kim, Jeong Woo, Hyung Sub Park, Kyung Lim Koo, Chang Sik Shin, and Taeseung Lee. "Clinical Manifestations of Symptomatic Spontaneous Dissection of the Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries." Vascular Specialist International 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5758/vsi.200071.

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Cho, Joon Whoi, Jae Jeong Choi, Eunhae Um, Sung Min Jung, Yong Chan Shin, Sung-Won Jung, Jae Il Kim, et al. "Clinical Manifestations of Superior Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis in the Era of Computed Tomography." Vascular Specialist International 34, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5758/vsi.2018.34.4.83.

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Dolgushina, A. I., A. S. Kuznecova, A. A. Seljanina, V. V. Genkel, and A. G. Vasilenko. "Clinical implications of chronic mesenteric ischemia in elderly and senile patients." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 92, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.02.000522.

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Aim.To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia in elderly and senile patients with mesenteric atherosclerosis. Materials and methods.The study included 142 patients (82 men and 60 women). The median age of patients is 66.0 [62.0; 72.0] years. Results.According to MDCT atherosclerotic lesions of the abdominal aorta and its unpaired visceral branches were diagnosed in 105 (73.9%) patients. A combination of atherosclerosis of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery with the presence of hemodynamically insignificant stenosis was revealed. Hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic narrowing of at least one mesenteric artery was present in 15% of cases. Among them, a single vascular lesion was found in 6 patients (4.2%), a combination of hemodynamically significant lesions of two arteries in 15 (11%) patients. Depending on the clinical manifestations, all patients are divided into two groups: the first group 30 (21.1%) patients with the presence of symptoms characteristic of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). The second group consisted of 112 (78.8%) patients without a characteristic triad of symptoms. The clinical symptom complex of СMI, including postprandial abdominal pain, intestinal dysfunction and progressive weight loss, as a diagnostic criterion showed low sensitivity 13.3% and specificity 77.9%. At the same time, the sensitivity of such a clinical combination as a combination of atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, weight loss and abdominal pain syndrome with a severity of more than 5.5 points, with respect to the detection of hemodynamically significant stenoses of two or more mesenteric arteries was sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 74.0%.

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Pardinhas, Clara, Carmén do Carmo, Clara Gomes, Luís Escada, and Rui Alves. "Nutcracker Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience." Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 11, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512589.

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Nutcracker syndrome, whose prevalence and natural history are still poorly known, is a clinical syndrome caused by left renal vein compression between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Long-term results and treatment outcomes are not well known. Our group aimed to characterize 7 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome in childhood and to describe their clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and mostly their clinical evolution, rate of complications, and treatment outcomes.

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Fojtová, Andrea, Barbora Norek, and Katarína Gazdíková. "The importance of home parenteral nutrition in clinical practice – own experience from our workplace." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 76, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh202260.

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Home parenteral nutrition is an alternative route and form of nutrition in patients with irreversible intestinal failure in whom enteral nutrition is not possible or is insufficient in the long run with an increasing energy deficit. Starting parenteral nutrition at home improves the quality of patients’ life and consequently also the course of the underlying disease, with optimization of clinical manifestations of malnutrition. The most common indications for home parenteral nutrition include large reductions of the absorption area due to intestinal resections (Crohn’s disease surgical complications, ischemic small bowel necrosis due to thrombosis in the superior mesenteric vein or embolism or atherosclerotic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, but also intestinal failures of different aetiology and cancer with sufficient utilization of essential nutrients). Keywords home parenteral nutrition, short bowel syndrome, komplikácie

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Ryabkov, Maksim Georgievich, Michael Sergeevich Baleev, Eugeniy Lvivna Bederina, Ivan Nikolayevich Romanov, Alexander Vladimirovich Shakhov, and Marina Vladimirovna Baleeva. "Pathomorphological manifestations of ischemic involvement of the small intestine in acute occlusion of the mesenteric artery." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 11, no. 4 (December 9, 2018): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2018-11-4-291-296.

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Relevance. Lethality rates (63-95%) among patients with acute intestinal ischemia remain consistently high during the last decades. Despite the high urgency of the problem and numerous works devoted to visualization, early laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of ischemic bowel disease, clinical results have not changed significantly during the last 15-20 years. Pathogenetic mechanisms of various variants of ischemic intestinal lesion and their pathomorphological manifestations should become the basis for the development of surgical tactics and require specification. The aim is to study pathomorphological manifestations and to clarify on their basis the pathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic involvement of the small intestine in acute occlusion of the mesenteric artery in the experiment. Materials and methods. An experimental study was performed on 10 laboratory animals - male rats of the Wistar line. Modeling acute mesenteric ischemia was carried out via dressing of the jejunal artery. The ischemic intestine was collected for a stepwise histological study, the morphometry of the layers of the intestinal wall and the prevalence of necrosis. Results. At the time of the appearance of macroscopic signs of lack of vitality in the central sector of the ischemic intestine, the wall thickness was 47.6% less than normal and in the adjacent peripheral sectors by 40.6%. Thinning of the intestinal wall was due to alteration of the mucosa with a decrease in its share in the total wall thickness from 86 to 82% (p = 0.021) in all sectors. The share of area occupied by necrosis in groups "B" and "C" was not statistically significant (p = 0.872) and amounted to 17.1 [7.3; 64.9]%. The state of the intramural vessels of the intestinal wall had significantly changed in comparison with the intact intestine. Signs of hypoperfusion in the form of sludge in the microvessels of the mucous membrane and the submucosa had been revealed. Conclusions. Pathomorphological manifestations of ischemic bowel disease in acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia resulted in a decrease in the total thickness of the wall and a change in the ratio of serous-muscular and mucosal-submucosal layers due to a decrease in the proportion of the latter. The severity of necrosis in the central and peripheral parts of the ischemic intestine did not differ.

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Yudin, O. I., and S. V. Veselyy. "CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE NONSPETSIFIC MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS IN CHILDREN (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 6, no. 4(22) (November 24, 2016): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.vi.4.22.2016.11.

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Vasiliev, A. Е., О. В. Zhukov, V. Е. Sinitsyn, and A. N. Sulima. "Left renal vein stenting: indications, disputable points, immediate and long-term results." Andrology and Genital Surgery 22, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2021-22-1-28-37.

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The article presents the results of stenting of the left renal vein in 35 patients with proven hemodynamically significant compression of the vein in “aorto-mesenteric tweezers”. Clinical manifestations of lesions of the left renal vein are very diverse, and pathogenetic mechanisms remain not fully understood. Therefore, the determination of indications for stenting and perfect technical performance are predictors of success in the near and long-term periods of postoperative follow-up. Our experience in stenting the left renal vein demonstrates the possibility of achieving intraoperative technical success in 100 % of cases, as well as a significant improvement in the quality of life in most patients after endovascular intervention, due to a significant reduction in the clinical manifestations of the pathological phenomenon.

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Unlu, Ebru, Nazan Okur, Mehtap Beker Acay, Emre Kacar, Serife Ozdinc, Cinar Balcik, and Ozlem Turksoy Tokgoz. "The Prevalence of Incidentally Detected Idiopathic Misty Mesentery on Multidetector Computed Tomography: Can Obesity be the Triggering Cause?" Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 67, no. 3 (August 2016): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2015.06.004.

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Purpose Misty mesentery appearance is commonly reported in daily practice, usually as a secondary finding of various pathological entities, but sometimes it is encountered as an isolated finding that cannot be attributed to any other disease entity. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cases with incidentally detected idiopathic misty mesentery on computed tomography (CT) and to summarize the pathologies leading to this appearance. Methods Medical records and initial and follow-up CT features of patients with misty mesentery appearance between January 2011 and January 2013 were analysed. The study included cases with no known cause of misty mesentery according to associated CT findings, clinical history, or biochemical manifestations, and excluded patients with diseases known to cause misty mesentery, lymph nodes greater than a short-axis diameter of 5 mm, discrete mesenteric masses, or bowel wall thickening. Results There were a total of 561 patients in whom misty mesentery appearance was depicted on abdominopelvic CT scans. A total of 80 cases were found to have isolated incidental idiopathic misty mesentery, giving a prevalence of 7%. The common indication for CT examination was abdominal pain. There was a slight female predominance (51.3%). 67.5% of all patients were classified as obese and 17.5% as overweight. Conclusions The results of the present study show that idiopathic incidental misty mesentery appearance has a significant prevalence. Also, the high body mass index of these patients and the growing evidence of obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue are suggestive of an association between obesity and misty mesentery appearance on CT.

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Gaduputi, Vinaya, Hassan Tariq, and Ariyo Ihimoyan. "Atypical Gastric Ulcer in an Elderly Cocaine User." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/795258.

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Cocaine or Benzoylmethylecgonine is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the Erythroxylon plant, which can cause gastrointestinal ischemia from severe arterial vasoconstriction via stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the gastric and mesenteric arteries. We report this case of a 65-year-old man who presented with a single massive ulcer at the incisura of the stomach as a result of cocaine use. The size and location of this ulcer were atypical and illustrate the potential for serious gastrointestinal manifestations from cocaine use.

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Headley, Selwyn A., Isadora K. F. Sousa, Antonio H. H. Minervino, Isabella O. Barros, Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior, Alice F. Alfieri, Enrico L. Ortolani, and Amauri A. Alfieri. "Molecular confirmation of ovine herpesvirus 2-induced malignant catarrhal fever lesions in cattle from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 12 (December 2012): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012001200001.

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Molecular findings that confirmed the participation of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) in the lesions that were consistent with those observed in malignant catarrhal fever of cattle are described. Three mixed-breed cattle from Rio Grande do Norte state demonstrated clinical manifestations that included mucopurulent nasal discharge, corneal opacity and motor incoordination. Routine necropsy examination demonstrated ulcerations and hemorrhage of the oral cavity, corneal opacity, and lymph node enlargement. Significant histopathological findings included widespread necrotizing vasculitis, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, lymphocytic interstitial nephritis and hepatitis, and thrombosis. PCR assay performed on DNA extracted from kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one animal amplified a product of 423 base pairs corresponding to a target sequence within the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) tegument protein gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR products, from extracted DNA of the kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one cow, amplified the partial nucleotide sequences (423 base pairs) of OVH-2 tegument protein gene. Blast analysis confirmed that these sequences have 98-100% identity with similar OVH-2 sequences deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, demonstrated that the strain of OVH-2 circulating in ruminants from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte and Minas Gerais are similar to that identified in other geographical locations. These findings confirmed the active participation of OVH-2 in the classical manifestations of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever.

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Rabie, M. Ezzedien, Olajide Ogunbiyi, Abdullah Saad Al Qahtani, Sherif B. M. Taha, Ahmad El Hadad, and Ismail El Hakeem. "Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Clinical and Radiological Considerations." Surgery Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/628705.

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Background. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare condition of duodenal obstruction, caused by the overlying SMA.Aim. To report on our experience with the management of SMA syndrome, drawing the attention to its existence.Material and Methods. We reviewed our records to identify cases diagnosed with SMA syndrome, in the period from October 1995 to January 2012.Results. Seven patients were identified, one male and six females. Their mean age was 17.1 years. Vomiting and abdominal pain were the presenting complaints in all patients and history of weight loss was present in six of them. In no patient was the diagnosis suspected initially on clinical grounds. Only after radiological investigations was the diagnosis declared. Radiology took the form of gastrografin/barium meal only in four patients and both gastrografin/barium meal and computerized tomography scan in the remaining three. Four patients responded to medical treatment and surgery was performed in the remaining three, with open duodenojejunostomy in two patients and laparoscopic dissection of the ligament of Treitz in the third. Long lasting improvement was sustained in all patients except one in the surgery group who, despite initial improvement, still has infrequent attacks of abdominal pain.Conclusion. Although the clinical manifestations of SMA syndrome are shared with many other disease entities, it has unique radiological as well as endoscopic features, which enables a confident diagnosis to be made. Once diagnosed, conservative treatment with nutritional support and positioning should be tried first. In case of unresponsiveness, surgery may give a lasting cure.

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Starodubova, A. V., S. D. Kosyura, E. N. Livantsova, Yu R. Varaeva, and A. A. Krasilova. "Diagnosing pancreatic steatosis in obese patients." Herald of Pancreatic Club 45, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2019.04.03.

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Frequency of pancreatic steatosis in adults of general population is up to 35%. Causes of triglyceride accumulation in the pancreas include aging, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia (genetically determined or secondary one). Nomenclature by M. M. Smits is used for diagnosing, which sets out pancreatic steatosis, lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas, fatty replacement of the pancreas, fatty infiltration of the pancreas, non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease, non-alcoholic pancreatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatopancreatitis. Pancreatic steatosis usually does not have any clinical manifestations, as it is characterized by an asymptomatic course. It is diagnosed on the basis of results of imaging methods (ultrasound, computed or magnetic resonance imaging). According to the ultrasound, there are 3 degrees of pancreatic steatosis: Degree I — pancreatic echogenicity is equal to the echogenicity of adipose tissue in area of superior mesenteric artery. Pancreas is not enlarged, echogenicity is uniformly increased, contour is smooth, splenic vein, superior mesenteric artery and pancreatic duct are well-visualized; Degree II — increased echogenicity on the background of weak signal in the remote, dorsal part of the pancreas (reduced acoustic signal conductivity, attenuation of the ultrasonic signal behind the posterior surface of the pancreas), indistinct edges of splenic vein and pancreatic duct with almost non-visualized area of superior mesenteric artery; Degree III — reduction of ultrasound conductivity of the pancreas, undulating (convoluted), indistinct contours, splenic vein, area of superior mesenteric artery and pancreatic duct are not visualized. Main feature of the pancreas lesion in obesity is the absence of changes in biochemical indices or their minor changes. Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hyperlipidemia may develop.

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Ivanov, Yu V., A. V. Chupin, D. V. Sazonov, and D. P. Lebedev. "SYNDROME OF CHRONIC ABDOMINAL ISCHEMIA IN THE PRACTICE OF GENERAL SURGEONS." Journal of Clinical Practice 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2014): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract5261-74.

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One possible cause of resistant abdominal pain syndrome is a chronic intestinal ischemia caused by varying degrees of occlusion of the mesenteric vessels. Due to the variety of clinical manifestations, just noticeable their specificity and lack of awareness of general practitioners timely diagnosis of the syndrome of chronic abdominal ischemia is difficult. The main methods of diagnosis at this stage are: ultrasound duplex scanning, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance computed tomography angiography in the mode of indirect and direct angiography. The method of choice of surgical treatment is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the arteries.

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Leone, Patrizia, Marcella Prete, Eleonora Malerba, Antonella Bray, Nicola Susca, Giuseppe Ingravallo, and Vito Racanelli. "Lupus Vasculitis: An Overview." Biomedicines 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111626.

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Lupus vasculitis (LV) is one of the secondary vasculitides occurring in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in approximately 50% of patients. It is most commonly associated with small vessels, but medium-sized vessels can also be affected, whereas large vessel involvement is very rare. LV may involve different organ systems and present in a wide variety of clinical manifestations according to the size and site of the vessels involved. LV usually portends a poor prognosis, and a prompt diagnosis is fundamental for a good outcome. The spectrum of involvement ranges from a relatively mild disease affecting small vessels or a single organ to a multiorgan system disease with life-threatening manifestations, such as mesenteric vasculitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, or mononeuritis multiplex. Treatment depends upon the organs involved and the severity of the vasculitis process. In this review, we provide an overview of the different forms of LV, describing their clinical impact and focusing on the available treatment strategies.

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Limgala, Renuka P., Aya Abrahamov, Irith Hadas-Halpern, Mark Ryherd, Lauren Austin, Matthew Plassmeyer, Margaret Brown, et al. "Gastrointestinal manifestations of immune dysregulation and Gaucher disease: Mesenteric lymphadenopathy and enteropathy with profound T cell defects." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 114, no. 2 (February 2015): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.157.

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Palabugina, P. A., A. A. Popov, and N. V. Izmozherova. "Chronic mesenteric ischemia: A review of current diagnostic and terminology issues." Ural Medical Journal 21, no. 6 (December 8, 2022): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-6-128-135.

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Introduction. Chronic mesenterial ischemia (CMI) is a group of extremely dangerous diseases, considered to be rare, clinically manifested by persistent abdominal pain syndrome, stool disorders, weight loss. CMI can develop both as a result of direct lesion of the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and as a result of compression from outside under the influence of extravasal factors. Up to 80 % of patients with diagnosed cardiovascular diseases have clinical manifestations of CMI.The aim of the work was to determine the etiological structure, risk factors, principles of classification and diagnosis of chronic ischemia of the digestive organs.Materials and Methods This review includes 47 papers on techniques, techniques, and outcomes of treatment interventions, selected from 835 publications found by keyword in PubMed, Google Scholar, and elibrary.ru databases with a search depth from 1990 to 2021.Results and Discussion There is no generally accepted terminology and classification of CMI. More than 90 % of CMI cases are related to atherosclerotic vascular lesion. The high-risk population includes women over 60 years of age. The classic triad of CMI symptoms includes food-related abdominal pain, weight loss, abdominal aortic auscultation murmur, but due to the nonspecific nature of the complaints, diagnosis is difficult. Clinical suspicion of CMI and re-analysis of the data increase the informative value of radial diagnostic methods.Conclusion Diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia is an interdisciplinary problem, requires interaction of physicians of different specialties: general practitioner or general practitioner, abdominal and vascular surgeon, gastroenterologist, radiologist, endoscopist. The presence of clinical suspicion of CMI increases the informativeness, timeliness and adequacy interpretation of the results of high-tech methods of radiological diagnostics.

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Kaleda, M. I., I. P. Nikishina, S. O. Salugina, and E. S. Fedorov. "LESIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH JUVENILE ONSET." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 101, no. 4 (August 19, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2022-101-4-122-132.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations that can affect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The onset of SLE before adulthood affects the clinical presentation, course, and prognosis. The GIT and the hepatobiliary system involvement in SLE with juvenile onset is regarded as an unfavorable prognosis factor with high probability for development of persistent organ disorders, which is life-threatening in some cases. The article analyzes gastroenterological pathology within SLE in children and adolescents, discusses such lesions as lupus enteritis, exudative enteropathy, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, mesenteric vasculitis, pancreatitis and liver damage on the basis of bibliographical data.

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Galimov, O. V., V. O. Khanov, H. M. H. Karkhani, Sh Bhawna, and T. R. Ibragimov. "The Complication Of Decrease In Aorto-Mesenteric Angle And Distance Its Diagnosis And Treatment: Case Report." Creative surgery and oncology 12, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2022-12-2-123-127.

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Introduction. Wilkie syndrome is a pathological manifestation caused by an abnormal disorder of the superior mesenteric artery arising from the abdominal part of the aorta. As a result, the distal part of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta, spine, and SMA, which creates a hindrance for the passage of himus in the duodenum, creating a mechanical obstruction.Aim: To draw the surgeons’ attention towards the possibility of developing a rare complication of decreased aorto-mesenteric angle and the distance, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.Materials and methods. This article presents a clinical case of WS diagnosed in the surgical department of the BSMU clinic. We hereby discuss the case report of a 28-year-old patient diagnosed at the initial stage of WS. The patient had been suffering from the symptoms of WS since 2018 but wasn’t able to identify the disease, but when he came to the surgical department of BSMU clinic based on the results of abdominal CT-scan with combined contrast of the stomach and duodenum per os with water-soluble contrast and computer angiography of the mesenteric vessels, the diagnosis was confirmed. The patient was treated with the duodenojejunostomy (laparoscopic Strong’s operation).Results and discussion. Absence of timely diagnosis of this disease can lead to life-threatening complications, and early diagnostics is complicated by similarity of initial manifestations with other gastropancreaticoduodenal diseases. One of the most promising approach in the diagnosis of Wilkie syndrome is the use of abdominal CT-scan with combined contrasting of the stomach and duodenum per os with water-soluble contrast and computer angiography of vessels. In the present clinical case due to the given combination of methods we can assess functional state of the stomach and duodenum, clearly visualize not only the organs topography but also estimate the aorto-mesenteric angle and distance, which can further determine the type and tactics of initial stage treatment, which we decided to perform surgery (laparoscopic Strong’s operation). The postoperative period was without complications. The patient noted an improvement in the state and the relief of pain in the epigastrium and was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization in satisfactory condition.Conclusion. For diagnosis and treatment in time as well as prevention of possible complications, it is necessary to improve surgeons’ information about this pathology, which if diagnosed and treated late can lead to severe, life-threatening complications up to death. The diagnosis at the initial stages, specifically with the assistance of computer tomography with contrast, angiography, and treatment in a timely manner, can preserve life and prevent the possible outcomes of fatal complications.

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Mamadou, Diallo, Setti Chaimae, Kebe Fatoumata Binta, Aassouani Farid, Abdessalam Bouassria, Hicham El Bouhadouti, Ouadiimoaquit Ouadiimoaquit, et al. "Total Small Bowel Volvulus on Incomplete Common Mesentery, an Exceptional Complication in Adults, Clinical Manifestation: A Case Report." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, no. 6 (June 25, 2022): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i06.025.

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Introduction: Incomplete common mesentery is the result of a rotational abnormality of the digestive tract. It is characterized by the persistence of an anatomical arrangement. Secondary to a rotational anomaly of the omphalo-mesenteric duct, thus constituting a meso common to the entire intestinal duct and an extremely short root of the mesenterium .These abnormalities of intestinal rotationcan lead to dreadful and sometimes fatal complications. The diagnosis of small bowel volvulus can be made in a wide variety of circumstances: acute intestinal occlusion, or even in shock. Repeated abdominal pain that can be associated with transit disorders. Case report: we report the observation of a 63 year old patient admitted for small bowel volvulus onincomplete common mesentery in whom the postoperative evolution wasfavourable. Conclusion: small bowel volvulus on incomplete common mesentery has a non-specific symptomatology; CT scan with contrast injection can confirm the diagnosis. Early intervention can be the one solution to treat this pathology.

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Afukova, O. A., A. L. Yudin, and A. Yu Razumovskiy. "STENOSIS OF THE CELIAC TRUNK – FROM DIAGNOSTICS TO TREATMENT." Medical Visualization, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2018-1-68-77.

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Compression stenosis of the celiac trunk (CSCT) is a syndrome based on the celiac trunk stenosis of varying degree, sometimes in combination with that of the superior mesenteric artery, caused by the compression of this vessel by the medial arched ligament of the diaphragm, as well as its internal legs and the neurofibrotic tissue of the celiac plexus. CSCT can cause chronic ischemia of the abdominal organs and chronic pain syndrome. The branches of the celiac trunk, supplying the stomach, liver, pancreas to the blood, are connected with the mesenteric arteries of the intestine in a common circle, therefore, with a lack of blood flow along one of the branches, the entire digestive tract suffers . The main clinical manifestation of CSCT is abdominal pain, observed in 97–100% patients. Angiography is the most invasive and, at the same time, the most informative method currently available to assess the extent and degree of the celiac trunk narrowing and to determine indications for surgical treatment. Ultrasound is a harmless, painless and at the same time informative diagnostic method for CSCT. A modern ultrasound technique is ultrasound with the use of echocontrast. Multi-detector CT angiography with multiplanar and 3D reconstruction is the optimal method of X-ray diagnostics of CSCT. MR angiography is successfully used both for preoperative preparation in patients with compression of the celiac trunk, and in the postoperative period. The methods of surgical treatment for abdominal ischemia are divided into palliative, decompressional and reconstructive. Modern diagnostic methods allow non-invasive methods to diagnose CSES in combination with clinical manifestations. The laparoscopic method is optimal for celiac trunk decompression, but the choice of the surgical treatment method should be considered individually.

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Yanitskaya, M. Yu, and I. A. Turabov. "The Role of Hydrocolonic Sonography in Diagnostics of the Intussusceptions due to Neoplastic Process in Children." Creative surgery and oncology 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-1-5-12.

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Introduction. A nonsurgical reduction is the treatment of choice for intestinal intussusception. A neoplasm-associated intussusception always requires surgery. In case of a tumour it is very important to have the diagnosis determined prior to surgical treatment. The hydrocolonic sonography technique makes it possible to assess the tissue structure and to visualize the lumen of the intestine.Materials and methods. The study presents a retrospective comparative analysis of clinical manifestations and diagnosis methods in all the patients with intussusception (n = 380) treated at the Arkhangelsk Children’sClinicalHospital in 1981–2018. This included all the neoplasm-associated intussusception cases (tumours and polyps). The data was compared to clinical manifestations of intussusception associated with other causes (idiopathic, mesenteric node hyperplasia, diverticulum).Results. Neoplasm-associated intussusception is a rare occurrence (2.3%). If the cause of the intussusception is a tumour the typical recorded manifestations include the combination of the signs of gastrointestinal diseases and loss of weight (8–12%), and a chronic course of development (over one to three months). Polyp-associated small intestinal and ileocolic intussusception, a casuistically rare situation, first manifested as an acute intestinal obstruction with protracted abdominal pain syndrome in anamnesis, or recurrent intussusceptions. Traditional and hydrocolonic sonography made it possible to make the diagnosis of intussusception and to identify a tumour. Non-tumour-associated intussusception presented with an acute course of the disease in every case. It manifested with the typical triad of symptoms (abdominal colic pain, rectal haemorrhage, palpable intussusceptum mass) in every third case. The manifestation of the disease as the dyad of symptoms (vomiting and abdominal colic pain) was significantly more frequent (p = 0.001).Conclusions. Clinical presentation of neoplasm-associated intussusception has certain unique qualities. The ultrasound of abdominal cavity and hydrocolonic sonography make it possible to find the intussusception and to identify the tumour or polyp in the structure of the intussusceptum in 100 % of cases at primary examination. The data obtained is used for the optimisation of the surgical treatment strategy.

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Wilkinson, L., P. De, and C. Bloxham. "Mesothelial reaction in longstanding Crohn’s ileitis simulating papillary mesothelioma." Journal of Clinical Pathology 61, no. 10 (September 26, 2008): 1119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.058693.

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Intestinal and extraintestinal complications of Crohn’s disease are well documented. Changes in the connective tissue within the intestinal wall and surrounding tissue including mesenteric fat are characteristically seen in resected and autopsy specimens. A rare and unusually florid mesothelial reaction in the surrounding small bowel serosa of a patient with a 2-year history of Crohn’s ileitis is described. The peritoneal surface of the ileal resection specimen displayed exuberant tubulo-papillary formations of the mesothelium, with superficial invasion of the underlying stroma. The case demonstrates the well-recognised difficult differential diagnosis between a benign mesothelial proliferation and malignant mesothelioma in a novel clinical setting, and the diversity of the extramural manifestations of Crohn's disease.

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Nunn, Rebecca, Jaimie Henry, Alistair A. P. Slesser, Rukshan Fernando, and Nebil Behar. "A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon." Case Reports in Surgery 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/649469.

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Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, caused by external compression of the third part of the duodenum by the SMA. It may be associated with the Nutcracker phenomenon: external compression of the left renal vein. To our knowledge, there are few reports in the literature describing the coexistence of these two conditions and so we take this opportunity to highlight a rare cause of the acute abdomen that might otherwise be overlooked in cases of nonspecific abdominal findings and potentially unremarkable initial investigations. We report a case of SMA syndrome and Nutcracker phenomenon in a 19-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with a short history of epigastric pain and emesis. The SMA syndrome is thought to develop as the result of an abnormally narrow angle between the proximal SMA and the aorta, for which a number of predisposing factors have been described. Surgical options exist; however, the SMA syndrome is typically managed conservatively in the first instance, consistent with the approach described in this case. The Nutcracker phenomenon may give rise to the Nutcracker syndrome in the presence of typical clinical manifestations; however, these did not feature in this case.

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Papadimitraki, Eva D., Mubarak Ahamed, and Nicholas H. Bunce. "Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicating Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report." Case Reports in Cardiology 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/876896.

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but can involve extraintestinal organs including musculoskeletal system and skin. The most frequent cardiac manifestations of UC are pericarditis and myocarditis. Patients display an increased risk for venous thromboembolic complications and mesenteric ischemia, but the association with ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction is uncertain. We present the case of a 27-year-old man with anti-PRIII ANCA-positive ulcerative colitis and increased factor VIII activity who presented with an acute myocardial infarction. We discuss possible causative links between these clinical entities and demonstrate the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with underlying inflammatory conditions who present with chest pain and evidence of myocardial damage.

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Riva, Nicoletta, and Walter Ageno. "Approach to thrombosis at unusual sites: Splanchnic and cerebral vein thrombosis." Vascular Medicine 22, no. 6 (December 2017): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x17734057.

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Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) and cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) are two manifestations of unusual site venous thromboembolism (VTE). SVT includes thrombosis in the portal, mesenteric or splenic veins, and the Budd–Chiari syndrome. CVT encompasses thrombosis of the dural venous sinuses and thrombosis of the cerebral veins. Unusual site VTE often represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because of the heterogeneity in clinical presentation, the limited evidence available in the literature on the acute and long-term prognosis of these diseases, and the lack of large randomized controlled trials evaluating different treatment options. This narrative review describes the approach to patients with SVT or CVT by examining the diagnostic process, the assessment of potential risk factors and the appropriate anticoagulant treatment.

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Spiekermann, Gerburg M., and Cathryn Nagler-Anderson. "Oral Administration of the Bacterial Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Induces Activation and Cytokine Production by T Cells in Murine Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 5825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.11.5825.

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Abstract The toxicity of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) has been linked to the activation of large numbers of T cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. Because the primary manifestations of foodborne enterotoxic poisoning are associated with the gastrointestinal tract, we have compared the responses of T cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and in the periphery to intragastric (i.g.) and i.p. administration of SEB. Intraperitoneal SEB results in an early expansion of peripheral Vβ8+ T cells and Th1 cytokine secretion followed by deletion at 7–10 days. We found that i.g. SEB rapidly (within 4 h) leads to the expansion and activation of Vβ8+ T cells in the Peyer’s patch and mesenteric lymph nodes. Analysis of cytokine mRNA in purified Vβ8+ T cells by competitive RT-PCR showed that, 4 h after i.g. SEB, the induction of mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-γ is about 10-fold greater in mucosal than in peripheral lymphoid tissue. Our results show that activated mucosal T cells expand and up-regulate cytokine mRNA in response to luminal exposure to SEB, suggesting a role for the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal manifestations of enterotoxic poisoning.

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Berezovskaja, T. P., N. K. Silanteva, A. A. Nevolskih, D. V. Erygin, G. O. Ruhadze, and T. A. Agababian. "A Case of Proximal Colon Bowel Volvulus after Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer." Medical Visualization, no. 5 (October 28, 2017): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2017-5-99-105.

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Colonic volvulus is responsible for 4–5% of all cases of intestinal obstruction and most often found in the sigmoid colon, in elderly patients with chronic constipation, where patients develop a large redundant sigmoid colon and with a violation of diet. Twisting and compression of mesenteric blood vessels leads to disruption of intestinal wall nutrition followed by necrosis. Most cases of volvulus require the surgical treatment. Abdominal radiography (barium enema, MSCT) is frequently obtained as the initial diagnostic imaging and has characteristic appearances. We present a case of MRI diagnosis of the colon volvulus after the closure of the transverse loop colostomy after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. The cause of the volvulus was the twisting of the mobilized part of colon with the mesentery when it was lowered into the pelvis. The protective transverse loop colostomy caused the absence of clinical manifestations. After its closure patient was present the clinical features of bowel obstruction and the appearance of MR symptoms typical for this pathology. A retrospective analysis of MR tomograms obtained before the closure of the transverse loop colostomy, allowed revealing of signs of its subclinical ischemia. This case demonstrates the possibilities of MRI in identifying both the typical symptoms of colon volvulus and the signs indicating the possibility of colon twisting in patients after low anterior rectal resection, examined before closing the transverse loop colostomy.

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Tsujimoto, G., K. Hashimoto, and B. B. Hoffman. "Effects of thyroid hormone on beta-adrenergic responsiveness of aging cardiovascular systems." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): H513—H520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.3.h513.

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We have compared the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the heart and peripheral vasculature of young (2-mo-old) and older (12-mo-old) rats both in the presence and absence of triiodothyronine (T3)-induced hyperthyroidism. The hemodynamic consequences of T3 treatment were less prominent in the aged hyperthyroid rats compared with young hyperthyroid rats (both in intact and pithed rats). There was a decrease in sensitivity of chronotropic responsiveness to isoproterenol in older pithed rats, which was apparently reversed by T3 treatment. The number and affinity of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor sites measured by [125I]cyanopindolol were not significantly different in young and older control rats; also, beta-receptor density increased to a similar extent in both young and older T3-treated rats. The ability of isoproterenol to relax mesenteric arterial rings, markedly blunted in older rats, was partially restored by T3 treatment without their being any change in isoproterenol-mediated relaxation in the arterial preparations from young rats. The number and affinity of the beta-adrenergic receptors measured in the mesenteric arteries was unaffected by either aging or T3 treatment. The data suggest that effects of thyroid hormone and age-related alterations of cardiovascular responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation are interrelated in a complex fashion with a net result that the hyperkinetic cardiovascular manifestations in hyperthyroidism are attenuated in the older animals.

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Vijayvergiya, Rajesh, Shadaab Mohammed, Kewal Kanabar, and Arunangshu Behera. "Treatment of symptomatic coral reef aorta by a nitinol self-expanding stent." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 5 (May 2019): e229179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229179.

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Coral reef aorta (CRA) is a rare condition, characterised by rock-hard calcification of the juxta-renal and supra-renal aorta with luminal encroachment causing significant stenosis of the aorta and its branches. It usually presents as resistant hypertension, renal dysfunction, mesenteric ischaemia, limb claudication or embolic manifestations. Although surgical thrombo-endarterectomy along with bypass graft to the affected visceral arteries remains the cornerstone of treatment, it is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity, especially in patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Here we report an elderly female of resistant hypertension, who had successful endovascular aortic stenting using a non-graft self-expanding stent. Her blood pressure dramatically improved following endovascular management. In comparison to the conventional surgical approach, endovascular stenting can be an alternative, less invasive approach in selected CRA patients.

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Kiernan, Miranda G., Shaheel M. Sahebally, Paul Tibbitts, Emma M. Lyons, Patrick A. Kiely, Donal P. O'Leary, Colum P. Dunne, and John C. Coffey. "Faecal Diversion is Associated with a Regression of Mesenteric Disease Manifestations and a Decrease in Circulating Fibrocytes in Crohn's Disease." Gastroenterology 152, no. 5 (April 2017): S776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(17)32691-4.

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Okonta, Henry, Xi Cheng, Ritu Chakravarti, and Joan Duggan. "Effects of antibiotic treatment on microbiota, viral transmission and viral pathogenesis of MoMuLV ts1 infected BALB/c mice." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0261689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261689.

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The effects of normal and altered intestinal microbiota on murine retroviral transmission via the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are diverse. The role of orally administered antibiotic treatment (ABX) on viral transmission, GIT microbial dysbiosis and subsequent pathogenesis of Moloney Murine Leukemia virus–temperature sensitive 1 (ts1) on BALB/c mice were studied. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: ABXts1—Treatment/Infection; ABX—Treatment/No infection; ts1—No treatment/Infection; Ctrl (control)—No treatment/No infection. ABXts1 and ABX groups showed a significant phylogenetic shift (ANOSIM p-value = 0.001) in alpha and beta diversity comparisons for microbial community composition compared to Ctrl group. Mice in the ABXts1 and ABX groups showed megacolon compared to ts1 and Ctrl groups; ABXts1 and ts1 groups showed hepatosplenomegaly, thymus enlargement, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy compared to ABX and Ctrl groups. Ctrl group had no abnormal manifestations. ABX treatment and ts1 infection uniquely affect microbial community when compared to control: ABXts1 and ABX groups significantly reduce microbiome diversity by over 80% and ts1 group by over 30%. ABXts1 and ts1 groups’ viral load and clinical manifestations of infection were comparable; antibiotic treatment did not notably affect ts1 infection. Transmission and pathophysiology of ts1 infection were not significantly altered by the microbial composition of the GI tract, but ts1 viral infection did result in microbial dysbiosis independent of antibiotic treatment.

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Motsak, Tatiana. "THE FEATURES OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROME ON THE BACKGROUND OF GENERALIZED ATHEROSCLEROSIS UNDER THE INFLUECE OF CILOSTAZOL." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 119, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.4(119).2020.56-65.

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The aim of the work was to study the features of central and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with generalized atherosclerosis (GAS) and their dynamics under the influence of a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 cilostazol. The condition of central hemodynamics was studied in patients of three study groups: 1 group consisted of 48 male GAS patients aged 65 to 83 years with clinical manifestations of lesions of four vascular territories: coronary, cerebral, mesenteric and femoral; Group 2 consisted of 23 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), postinfarction cardiosclerosis without concomitant vascular pathology, males mean age 68.5 ± 6.5 years, with clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary artery only. The control group (CG) consisted of 18 almost healthy males, the mean age in the group was 62.5 ± 5.3 years. Patients in group 1 were randomized into two subgroups. Patients of the first subgroup (GAS-C) in addition to basic therapy received cilostazol (C) at a dose of 100 mg twice a day, patients of the second subgroup - comparison subgroup (GAS-P) - received only basic therapy. The condition of central hemodynamics was assessed by echocardiography in M- and B-modes. The bioelectrical activity of the myocardium was assessed by the method of daily monitoring of the electrocardiogram. The obtained data showed significantly lower indicators of both inotropic and chronotropic myocardial function in patients of the 1st group compared to the patient with CG (p <0.05), which was significantly lower in minute volume of blood circulation (p<0.01). The comparison of central hemodynamics of patients of the 1st group with similar indicators of patients of the 2nd group revealed significantly lower values of heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), circular rate of myocardial fibers (Vcf), stroke volume (SV) and minute blood volume (MBV) in patients of the 1st group (p<0.05). After the addition of cilostazol (C) to the complex standard pharmacotherapy, an increase in inotropic and chronotropic cardiac function was observed: heart rate significantly increased by 9.1% (p<0.05), end-systolic volume decreased by 6.2%, ejection fraction increased by 5.2% (p<0.01), minute blood flow increased by 14.9% (p<0.01), and the rate of circular contraction of myocardial fibers increased by 4.7% (p<0, 05), compared with data before treatment. It is important that the increase in functional activity of the myocardium (chronotropic and inotropic), under the influence of C, was simultaneously with a decrease in the manifestations of myocardial ischemia. The number of painful (РEIM) and painless episodes of myocardial ischemia (PlEIM) probably decreased - by 24.0% and 20.6%, respectively (p<0.05). Thus, our data showed that in patients with generalized atherosclerosis with myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke with intermittent claudication and stenosis of the mesenteric arteries, the use of phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor C as a part of complex standard pharmacotherapy and leads to increase in minute volume of blood circulation. Importantly, the increase in myocardial functional activity in patients with GAS does not increase the manifestations of myocardial ischemia, but significantly (p<0.05) reduces the number of PEIM and PlEIM.

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Lavrynenko, Olga, Moulika Baireddy, Srilekha Bodepudi, Hector Santos, James Cortez, Olga Zemlianitsyna, and Fernando Sanchez. "Peritoneal and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Postpartum Female with Elevated Cancer Antigen 125 and Ascites." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7012943.

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Abstract:

Background. Peritoneal tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and presents a challenging diagnosis because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations. Peritoneal TB mimics other pathologies, including abdominal carcinomatosis, especially when the patient presents with ascites and an elevated cancer antigen (CA)-125 levels. Case Presentation. A postpartum 20-year-old Hispanic female recently discharged after transverse cesarean surgery, presented to the ER with fever, chills, edema, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. The patient was febrile, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Chest X-ray demonstrated alveolar and interstitial consolidations; chest CT revealed tree-in-bud opacities in the right lower lobe, suggestive of atypical (TB)/fungal infection. CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated ascites, omental thickening, peritoneal thickening, and mesenteric adenopathy, suggestive of carcinomatosis. She was admitted with a presumed diagnosis of sepsis secondary to pneumonia and started empirically on broad-spectrum antibiotics without clinical improvement. A battery of oncology markers was ordered and revealed a mildly elevated cancer antigen (CA)-125. Diagnostic paracentesis showed lymphocytic predominance with positive mycobacteria PCR, elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA), and no malignant cells. Subsequently, the sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain returned positive for tuberculosis, confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. A peritoneal biopsy was obtained and demonstrated caseating granulomas consistent with peritoneal tuberculosis. The patient was started on standard antituberculosis therapy with clinical improvement. Conclusions. This case highlights the need for a high-level of suspicion for peritoneal tuberculosis in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who presents with intra-abdominal ascites, omental thickening, peritoneal thickening, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, despite the presence of an elevated CA-125 level.

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Lin, Chi-Chien, Yu-Kang Chang, Shih-Chao Lin, Jui-Hsin Su, Ya-Hsuan Chao, and Kuo-Tung Tang. "Crassolide Suppresses Dendritic Cell Maturation and Attenuates Experimental Antiphospholipid Syndrome." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092492.

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Abstract:

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI)-dependent autoantibodies, with vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Around 20% of APS patients are refractory to current treatments. Crassolide, a cembranoid diterpene extracted from soft corals, is a potential therapeutic candidate. Here, to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of crassolide, we first determined its effects on bone marrow-derived and splenic dendritic cells (DC). Specifically, we applied lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or β2GPI stimulation and measured the expressions of CD80 and CD86, and secretions of cytokines. We also determined in the OT-II mice, if bone marrow-derived DC was able to stimulate antigen-specific T cells. Moreover, we examined the therapeutic potential of crassolide postimmunization in a murine model of APS that depended on active immunization with β2GPI. The vascular manifestations were evaluated in terms of fluorescein-induced thrombi in mesenteric microvessels, whereas the obstetric manifestations were evaluated based on the proportion of fetal loss after pregnancy. We also measured blood titers of anti-β2GPI antibody, splenic cell proliferative responses and cytokine secretions after β2GPI stimulation ex vivo. Finally, we determined in these mice, hematological, hepatic and renal toxicities of crassolide. Crassolide after LPS stimulation suppressed DC maturation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 and IL-23, and downstream T cell activation. Crassolide could partially ameliorate both the vascular and obstetric manifestations of APS in BALB/c mice. Both blood titers of anti-β2GPI antibody and splenic cell proliferation after β2GPI stimulation were reduced. Splenic Th1 and Th17 responses were also lowered after β2GPI stimulation. Finally, within therapeutic doses of crassolide, we found no evidence of its toxicity. In conclusion, we showed the ability of crassolide to suppress DC and downstream T cell responses. Crassolide is therefore a potential candidate for adjunctive therapy in APS.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mesenteric manifestations'

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