Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesenchimali'
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MAURI, MARIO. "Cellule staminali mesenchimali: potenziali modulatori del sistema nervoso centrale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/39835.
Full textMaurizi, Giulia. "Caratterizzazione fenotipica, molecolare e proprietà immunoregolatorie delle cellule staminali mesenchimali." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242057.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering. In previous studies, the most important source of MSCs was adult bone marrow (BM). Recently, MSCs with similar cell surface markers and differentiation capacity have also been found in developmentally younger tissues. This study showed data from fetal MSCs obtained from first-trimester chorionic villi (CV) and second trimester amniotic fluid (AF), comparing them with BM. The work reports on growth in human allogeneic serum (HS) and platelet lysate (PL), immunophenotype, cytokine expression profile and immunoregulatory activity of fetal MSCs on stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocyte subpopulations. The cells studied was analyzed also for telomere length, telomerase activity, hTERT, p53 and cmyc transcriptions, to evaluate their replicative stability. Spontaneous chromosomal alterations were excluded by cytogenetic analysis. CV cells grow rapidly in HS, with 20 populations doublings (PDs) after 59 days (6 passages), and also in animal serum, with 27 PDs after 65 days (7 passages). PL allowed an expansion in 60% of the samples tested, though it was lower than HS. HS supported an average of 40 PDs of expansion in 20% of AF cells after 90 days, whereas animal serum supported 28.5 PDs in 66 days. CV and AF cells inhibited the proliferation of stimulated T lymphocytes, suppressing the growth of both CD4+ and CD8+ T subpopulations and, sometimes, CD19+ cells. Despite their high proliferation capacity, fetal MSCs showed no telomerase activity, no hTERT transcriptions and maintained long, stable telomeres. A constant expression level of p53 and c-myc and a normal karyotype were preserved throughout long-term expansion, suggesting the safety of fetal MSCs. In conclusion, these results indicate that CV would be an optimal and safety source of MSCs with high expansion potential in a HS propagation system, immunoregulatory capacity of T and B lymphocytes. More than 90% of CV samples achieved a large-scale expansion in HS, that is encouraging for potential clinical applications of these cells.
VELLECA, LUCIA. "PRODUZIONE DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI PER APPLICAZIONI DI TERAPIA AVANZATA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/231151.
Full textABSTRACT Tissue Engineered products may carry cells or tissues either of human or animal origin. The cells and tissues shall be subjected to substantial manipulation in order to obtain biological characteristics, physiological functions or structural properties relevant for the intended regeneration, repair or replacement. For cells and tissues manipulated in vitro, the objective to be achieved in terms of control of production processes and quality of the final product is to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the products that would be placed in clinical use. Hence the need to act in accordance with the rules which define production processes used for drugs, in order to guarantee the quality and safery of the product.. The purpose of the work done during the PhD was the study and the development of production protocol for the generation of an innovative product for advanced therapies. It is a cellular product made of mesenchymal stem cells, good candidates for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. For this production, all stages, starting from the initial sample and up to the final product, must be carried out in an authorized pharmaceutical facility which operates in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure that drugs are produced, analysed and released in a regime of controlled and certified quality minimizing the danger of unexpected risks for the patient. In the preliminary phase of the process the feasibility of the method was evaluated and the protocols to be used were defined. The feasibility phase allowed the development of procedures for the isolation, expansion and differentiation of stem cells. It was possible to evaluate the genomic stability and immunophenotypic features of the cells at different steps. All data obtained during the feasibility study have been fundamental to define the tests of quality control, product specifications and criteria of acceptability required for the subsequent validation of the process. The results presented in the feasibility study show that it is possible to transfer research protocols to a GMP framework which is potentially applicable in clinical trials. At the end of the validation process, which involves the production of three batches of cells, the specifications required for the incoming controls, during the production’s process and on the final product must comply with all the requirements. The future steps will be the validation of the aseptic process, through the execution of three mediafill and the risk assessment related to the production of batches intended for clinical use, in order to complete the series of documents required for the submission of an application for a clinical study.
Babini, Lucia. "Ruolo del sistema FASL/FAS nella biologia delle cellule mesenchimali staminali." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243016.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into several cell types. Bone marrow (BM)-MSCs mainly differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes. MSC interactions with their microenvironment directly affect their self-renewal/differentiation program. Here we show for the first time that FasL, a well-explored pro-apoptotic cytokine, can promote proliferation of BM-derived MSCs in vitro and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. BMMSCs treated with a low FasL dose (0.5 ng/ml) proliferated more rapidly than untreated cells without undergoing spontaneous differentiation or apoptosis, whereas higher doses (25 ng/ml) induced significant though not massive BM-MSC death, with surviving cells maintaining a stem cell phenotype. At the molecular level, 0.5 ng/ml FasL induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and surviving up-regulation, whereas 25 ng/ml FasL induced caspase activation. Importantly, 25 ng/ml FasL reversibly prevented BM-MSC differentiation into adipocytes by modulating PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 expression induced by adipogenic medium. All such effects were inhibited by anti-Fas neutralizing antibody. The in vitro data regarding adipogenesis were confirmed using Faslpr mutant mice, where higher PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 mRNA and protein levels were documented in whole tibia. These data show that the FasL/Fas system plays a role in BM-MSC biology via regulation of both proliferation and adipogenesis. These findings may have clinical relevance because circulating Fas/FasL levels decline with age and several age-related conditions, including osteoporosis, are characterized by adipocyte accumulation in BM.
Focaroli, Stefano <1982>. "Scaffold funzionali per il differenziamento condrogenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7527/4/tesi_stefano_focaroli.pdf.
Full textTissue engineering is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that aims at the developmentof biological substitutes that restore, mantain, or improve tissue function. Concerning the articular cartilage many improvments were made, but the complete tissue restoration approach still lacking. In the first part of this work, it was evaluated the ability of a gelatin scaffold to promote the condrogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Successively, in order to obtain a low cost sistem, a based alginate/Cobalt scaffold was designed with the aim to take advantage of the physical features of the cartilage tissue. Finally, it was developted a cost effective method to produce microfluidic chips with the aim to obtain micro-systems for cell encapsulation.
Focaroli, Stefano <1982>. "Scaffold funzionali per il differenziamento condrogenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7527/.
Full textTissue engineering is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that aims at the developmentof biological substitutes that restore, mantain, or improve tissue function. Concerning the articular cartilage many improvments were made, but the complete tissue restoration approach still lacking. In the first part of this work, it was evaluated the ability of a gelatin scaffold to promote the condrogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Successively, in order to obtain a low cost sistem, a based alginate/Cobalt scaffold was designed with the aim to take advantage of the physical features of the cartilage tissue. Finally, it was developted a cost effective method to produce microfluidic chips with the aim to obtain micro-systems for cell encapsulation.
Gallitto, Enrico <1983>. "Il contributo delle cellule mesenchimali vascolari nello sviluppo dell'aneurisma dell'aorta addominale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7733/1/GALLITTO_ENRICO_TESI.pdf.
Full textBackground. inflammatory infiltrate and excessive extracellular matrix proteolysis (ECM), by Metalloproteinasis (MMPs), are typical characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been detected in the vascular wall and represent attractive target for regenerative medicine, due to the mesodermal lineage differentiation and immunomodulatory activity. Previous papers underlined an impaired MSC behaviour under pathological conditions. Aim of the study was to define the potential role of vascular MSCs to AAA development. Methods. Aortic tissues were collected from patients with AAA and healthy donors. The analysis was organized in three steps: 1) histology of AAA wall; 2) detection of MSCs and evaluation of MMP-9 expression in AAA; 3) MSC isolation from AAA and characterization for mesenchymal/stemness markers, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and EMMPRIN. AAA-MSCs were tested for immunomodulation, when cultured with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Co-culture of both healthy and AAA MSCs was performed and afterwards MMP-2/9 mRNA levels were analyzed. Results. AAA-MSCs showed mesenchymal features: fibroblastic aspect, MSC antigens, stemness genes. MMP-9 mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity were increased in AAA-MSCs. Moreover, AAA-MSCs showed a weak immunosuppressive activity, as shown by PBMC ongoing along cell cycle. MMP-9 was shown to be modulated at the transcriptional level through the contact as well as the paracrine action of healthy MSCs. Discussion. Vascular injury did not affect the MSC phenotype, but altered their function, as increased MMP-9 expression and ineffective immunomodulation. These data suggest that vascular MSCs can contribute to aortic disease. The study of key processes to restore MSC immunomodulation could be relevant to find a pharmacological approach for the aneurysm progression
Magnasco, Alberto <1964>. "Ruolo delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in modelli cellulari e animali di nefropatia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1085/1/Tesi_Magnasco_Alberto.pdf.
Full textMagnasco, Alberto <1964>. "Ruolo delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in modelli cellulari e animali di nefropatia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1085/.
Full textBECCIA, Elisa. "Possibile uso delle cellule staminali mesenchimali amniotiche come terapia nella fibrosi cistica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100844.
Full textCystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal, autosomal recessive inherited genetic disease caused by mutation on the Cystic Fibrosis Trasmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding a cAMP-dependent channel protein that regulates transmembrane conduction of chloride, which is expressed on the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The basic defect of the airway epithelium in CF patients is due to a double defect in chloride secretion and sodium absorption that lead to an altered flow of fluids through the epithelium of the airways, resulting in an alteration of the airway’s mucociliary clearance, opportunistic bacterial infections, inflammation and severe lung damage. The main cause of morbidity and mortality is chronic inflammation affecting the lung. New drugs have been developed recently to act directly on the CFTR protein, in order to rescue the mutated CFTR processing and function. However, there are still mutations that still failed to be rescued by CFTR modulators. Cell therapy, on the other hand, being agnostic for mutation, has the possibility of being able to cure every patient. Recently have been investigated stem cells as potential therapeutic sources for CF. In addition to the bone marrow, stem cells derived from the amniotic membrane, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) are very promising as they express stem cells markers and can differentiate into respiratory epithelial cells when they are co-cultured with immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (CFBE14o-), homozygous for the F508del allele, the most frequent mutation in CF. The co-cultures also show an increased processing and conductance of the CFTR protein and a partial correction of other basic defects associated with the disease. Since these results are obtained only in co-cultures, it has been assumed that direct contact between hAMSC and CFBE14o- is necessary for the recovery of these defects. One of the objectives of this thesis was to understand the role of intercellular communication, mediated by gap junctions (GJ), in co-cultures that were studied for the expression and functionality of the Cx43 protein, one of the main components of GJ, before and after their silencing, obtained using a siRNA directed against the mRNA of interest. The results highlighted the fundamental role of GJ in the correction of the basic defects associated with CF by hAMSC. It was further investigated which molecular messenger could be transmitted through the GJ and, possibly, mediate the therapeutic effect of hAMSC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also transferred across GJ and their involvement in the expression levels of the CFTR protein has been demonstrated. In particular, miRNA-138 increases the expression of the CFTR protein by interacting with the SIN3A protein. The levels of miRNA-138 were then investigated by droplet digital PCR. Preliminary data show that wild-type CFTR cells have higher levels of miRNA-138 than cells with F508del mutation and that there is an upward trend in co-cultures. A further objective of the study was to investigate whether hAMSC can speed up the regeneration of the airway bronchial epithelium and the closure of the injury that continuously form under the chronic inflammatory stimulus in the lungs of CF patients. The results demonstrate that hAMSC added to a wound induced on a monolayer of CFBE14o-, are able to repair the damage with the same timing required for a simulated wound on a monolayer of wild type CFTR bronchial epithelial cells. Taking to account the data generated in the current study, it indicates the possible therapeutic utility of hAMSC in lung disease associated with CF. However, further studies on their mechanism of action conducted in models with closer resemblance to human CF pathology are required.
CALDARA, CRISTINA. "Effetto di diverse sostanze sul differenziamento mesengenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/49729.
Full textBARDELLI, DONATELLA. "SHWACHMAN-DIAMOND SYNDROME: FROM PATHOGENESIS TO DRUG TARGETING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/170787.
Full textShwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by exocrine pancreatic disorder, hematological aberrancies, bone marrow failure and cognitive impairment. In 90% of patients the SBDS gene is found mutated. Similar to other marrow failure syndromes, SDS patients have an increased risk for developing myelodysplastic syndrome and AML. To date, the mechanisms underlying the bone marrow failure in SDS patients are not fully understood. Microenvironment constituents and in particular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered the pivotal organizers for the generation, maintenance and plasticity of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Recent studies show that specific changes in MSCs may be sufficient to initiate a complex phenotype of disordered homeostasis with similarities to myelodysplasia. We have demonstrated that MSCs obtained from SDS patients were comparable in vitro to HD but gene expression analysis of 16 SDS-MSCs showed that these cells had a specific gene expression signature compared to HD. These results suggest that it is possible that MSCs could be involved in the pathogenesis of the SDS marrow disorders. We increased our patients cohort and investigated whether SDS-MSCs were able to sustain malignant evolution using an innovative scaffold-free in vivo system based on the ex vivo generation of semi-cartilaginous pellets (SCPs) from human MSCs. We obtained SCPs stimulating MSCs for 21 days with a specific differentiating medium and a complete and correct formation of cartilaginous tissues both in HD and SDS samples. These SCPs were transplanted heterotopically into subcutaneous tissue of immunocompromised mice. After 60 days, we sacrificed mice and collected ossicles. We found that in 90% of cases, HD were able to recreate the hematopoietic microenvironment, with the establishment of a complete marrow niche, while none of the transplanted SDS-SCPs was able to recreate the hematopoietic microenvironment, revealing a defect in these differentiating process. The second part of our study was focused on testing a specific drug able to act on nonsense stop codon mutation, one of the most diffuse alterations in SDS patients, linked to risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome. We successfully obtained restoration of SBDS protein in different cell lineages deriving from patients (Lymphoblastoids, MSCs, mononuclear cells from bone marrow). Protein restoration was also accompanied in some cases with an improvement of functionality. In particular, mononuclear cells from bone marrow treated with drug showed an increase in their ability to form colonies when cultured in a specific assay. This represents a powerful result, due to the potential clinical consequences related to possible therapeutic strategy. Indeed, SDS patients in future could take advantage of this drug to ameliorate their hematological defects and abolish other symptoms.
Lanzoni, Giacomo <1982>. "Cellule staminali mesenchimali umane da molteplici tessuti adulti: caratteristiche condivise e tessuto-specificità." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2768/2/Lanzoni_Giacomo_Tesi.pdf.
Full textLanzoni, Giacomo <1982>. "Cellule staminali mesenchimali umane da molteplici tessuti adulti: caratteristiche condivise e tessuto-specificità." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2768/.
Full textFiorentini, Elisa <1981>. "Modulazione del differenziamento osteogenico di precursori mesenchimali umani per applicazioni di ingegneria tissutale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4582/1/Elisa_Fiorentini_Tesi.pdf.
Full textBone is a dynamic tissue, with the ability to adapt to its functional demands and repair itself by bone remodelling. The major effector cells of bone remodelling are osteoclast and osteoblast, they cooperate in order to maintain the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, essential for bone homeostasis. Disruption of this balance can diminish bone mass and micro-architectural integrity of the bone resulting in an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, as evident in osteoporosis. It is known that, in the pathophysiology of the bone, a crucial role is played by endocrine and paracrine factors. Recent data suggest that bone remodeling may be influenced by the nervous system. The hypothesis is supported by the presence, in proximity of the bone, of sensory nerve fibers responsible for the release of some neuro peptides, like substance P. Iin capsaicin-treated animal has been shown the direct involvement of the nervous system in the maintenance of bone, this animal showed bone loss and increased bone fragility. For these reasons in recent years has intensified research in this field trying to understand the role of neuropeptides in the process of differentiation of mesenchymal precursors into osteogenic lineage. The mesenchymal stromal cells are undifferentiated multipotent cells present in the bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and dental pulp. In these districts, MSC are in a quiescent state until they are required to local repair or tissue regeneration. MSC, suitably stimulated, can differentiate into different types of connective tissue such as, bone, cartilage and adipose. The research was designed to optimize a protocol for ex vivo expansion and to evaluate the effect of substance P, neuropeptide in the sensory endings in the vicinity of the bone, in the process of picking osteogenic.
Fiorentini, Elisa <1981>. "Modulazione del differenziamento osteogenico di precursori mesenchimali umani per applicazioni di ingegneria tissutale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4582/.
Full textBone is a dynamic tissue, with the ability to adapt to its functional demands and repair itself by bone remodelling. The major effector cells of bone remodelling are osteoclast and osteoblast, they cooperate in order to maintain the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, essential for bone homeostasis. Disruption of this balance can diminish bone mass and micro-architectural integrity of the bone resulting in an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, as evident in osteoporosis. It is known that, in the pathophysiology of the bone, a crucial role is played by endocrine and paracrine factors. Recent data suggest that bone remodeling may be influenced by the nervous system. The hypothesis is supported by the presence, in proximity of the bone, of sensory nerve fibers responsible for the release of some neuro peptides, like substance P. Iin capsaicin-treated animal has been shown the direct involvement of the nervous system in the maintenance of bone, this animal showed bone loss and increased bone fragility. For these reasons in recent years has intensified research in this field trying to understand the role of neuropeptides in the process of differentiation of mesenchymal precursors into osteogenic lineage. The mesenchymal stromal cells are undifferentiated multipotent cells present in the bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and dental pulp. In these districts, MSC are in a quiescent state until they are required to local repair or tissue regeneration. MSC, suitably stimulated, can differentiate into different types of connective tissue such as, bone, cartilage and adipose. The research was designed to optimize a protocol for ex vivo expansion and to evaluate the effect of substance P, neuropeptide in the sensory endings in the vicinity of the bone, in the process of picking osteogenic.
Ave, Elisa. "Le cellule mesenchimali staminali nella patogenesi della leucemia linfatica cronica di tipo B." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427362.
Full textLa leucemia linfatica cronica di tipo B (LLC-B) è la forma più comune di leucemia nell’adulto ed è caratterizzata dall'accumulo clonale di piccoli linfociti B CD5+ nel sangue periferico, nel midollo osseo e negli organi linfatici, dovuto sia ad un aumento della proliferazione che ad un difetto dei meccanismi di morte cellulare programmata. La resistenza all’apoptosi in questi linfociti favorisce la progressione della malattia attraverso un’aumentata sopravvivenza del clone neoplastico e l’induzione della resistenza ai farmaci citostatici. Tali alterazioni sono imputabili sia a fattori intrinseci che a fattori estrinseci derivanti dal microambiente. Poiché l’aumentata sopravvivenza ed il progressivo accumulo del clone linfocitario risultano selettivamente favoriti dall'interazione con cellule accessorie non tumorali presenti nel microambiente in cui esso risiede, in questa tesi abbiamo focalizzato l’attenzione sulle cellule mesenchimali staminali (MSC), allo scopo di valutare il loro ruolo nella sopravvivenza e nella compartimentalizzazione del clone B leucemico. Le MSC costituiscono una frazione esigua (inferiore allo 0,01%) della popolazione di cellule midollari, sono cellule staminali multipotenti in grado di differenziare in diversi tessuti di origine mesenchimale; sono inoltre dotate di proprietà immunomodulatorie verso linfociti B, T, Natural Killer e cellule dendritiche. In questa tesi le MSC sono state isolate dal sangue midollare di 47 pazienti affetti da LLC-B e sono state caratterizzate fenotipicamente e funzionalmente mediante analisi citofluorimetrica (positività per CD73, CD90 e CD105, negatività per CD31, CD34 e CD45) e colture differenziative (adipociti ed osteociti) confrontandole con MSC di donatori sani. Successivamente si sono allestite co-colture di linfociti B di pazienti affetti da LLC e MSC allo scopo di valutare l’effetto delle MSC sul clone neoplastico di LLC. Le MSC ottenute dai pazienti non hanno presentato alterazioni dal punto di vista fenotipico né funzionale rispetto alle MSC di donatori sani, tuttavia esse hanno sviluppato interazioni capaci di favorire la sopravvivenza del clone leucemico. Gli esperimenti di co-coltura hanno dimostrato infatti che le MSC esercitano un effetto anti-apoptotico sui linfociti B neoplastici, documentato da un aumento significativo della sopravvivenza delle cellule B di LLC dopo 7 giorni di coltura, effetto verificatosi anche con MSC di donatori sani e invece molto meno marcato nei linfociti B normali. Tale attività anti-apoptotica si è osservata, seppur di minore intensità, anche nei linfociti B di pazienti sottoposti a trattamento chemioterapico in vivo con Fludabarina e Ciclofosfamide, suggerendo che le MSC possano essere implicate anche nei meccanismi di chemio resistenza del clone di LLC. Infine l’analisi della migrazione cellulare dei linfociti B patologici in presenza di terreno condizionato derivante dalle colture di MSC ha dimostrato la capacità delle MSC di produrre stimoli chemiotattici in grado di richiamare in sede midollare il clone maligno, ma non i linfociti B normali. I dati riportati suggeriscono che le MSC nei pazienti affetti da LLC-B, sebbene non mostrino alterazioni dal punto di vista fenotipico e funzionale, svolgono un ruolo attivo nel favorire la sopravvivenza e la compartimentalizzazione delle cellule B neoplastiche a livello midollare.
BOSSIO, CATERINA. "TRANSDIFFERENZIAMENTO DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI DI RODITORE IN CELLULE DEL SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171967.
Full textCasadei, Emanuele. "Induzione del differenziamento osteogenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali tramite microstiramento musicale a frequenza variabile." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textCavallari, Giuseppe <1972>. "Capacità immunomodulatoria delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in un modello di trapianto d'organo in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1130/1/Tesi_Cavallari_Giuseppe.pdf.
Full textCavallari, Giuseppe <1972>. "Capacità immunomodulatoria delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in un modello di trapianto d'organo in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1130/.
Full textBarbagallo, Ignazio Alberto. "Effetto dell'Iperglicemia nel differenziamento di Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali Umane in Osteoblasti:Ruolo dell'Eme Ossigenasi 1." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/169.
Full textHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pleiotrophic cells that differentiate to either adipocytes or osteoblasts as a result of crosstalk by specific signaling pathways including heme oxygenase (HO)-1/-2 expression. We examined the effect of inducers of HO-1 expression and inhibitors of HO activity on MSC differentiation to the osteoblast and following high glucose exposure. MSC cultured in osteogenic medium increased expression of osteonectin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. HO-1 expression during differentiation was initially decreased and then followed by a rebound increase after 15 days of culture. Additionally, the effect of HO-1 on osteoblasts appears different to that seen in adipocyte stem cells. On addition of a cobalt compound, the resultant induction of HO-1 decreases adipogenesis. Moreover, glucose (30 mM) inhibited osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by decreased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In contrast, MSC-derived adipocytes were increased by glucose. Increased HO-1 expression increased the levels of osteonectin, OPG, and BMP-2. Inhibition of HO activity prevented the increase in osteonectin and potentiated the decrease of osteocalcin and OPG in cells exposed to high glucose levels. Furthermore, targeting HO-1 expression increased pAMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and restored osteoblastic markers. Our findings suggest that targeting HO-1 gene expression attenuates the hyperglycemia-mediated decrease in MSC-derived osteoblast differentiation. Finally, the mechanism underlying the HO-1-specific cell effect on osteoblasts and adipocytes is yet to be explored. Thus, the targeting of HO-1 gene expression presents a portal to increase osteoblast function and differentiation and attenuate osteoporosis by promoting bone formation
LEONIDA, ALESSANDRO. "Studio in vitro del processo di osteointegrazione mediante l'utilizzo di cellule staminali mesenchimali adulte." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29719.
Full textBulj, Zrinka <1983>. "Studio del ruolo della Protein chinasi B/Akt nella migrazione di Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali umane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5154/1/Bulj_Zrinka_tesi.pdf.
Full textHuman Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) are currently tested in several clinical trials. In spite of hMSC efficacy is frequently linked to their ability to reach the affected site, little is known on their migratory behavior and the underlying mechanism. This study was designed to investigate the migratory behavior of hMSC and to test the involvement of Akt, also known as protein kinase B. Akt protein expression and phosphorylation was investigated in hMSC western blotting analysis. Cell migration was assessed by transwell, wound healing and time lapse in vivo motility assays. MSC results fairly migratory and Akt was strongly activated at basal level. Furthermore, the characterization of the major regulatory proteins and effectors, upstream and downstream of Akt, has led to the conclusion that the cascade of reactions of this signaling pathway in hMSC follows a canonical pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine the potential mechanism responsible for cell migration and invasion. Blocking PI3K/Akt pathway resulted in decreased hMSC migration. The use of pharmacological inhibitors specific for individual Akt isoforms allowed us to discriminate the different role of Akt1 and Akt2 in the migration of the hMSC. Through our analysis, we demonstrated that pharmacological inactivation of Akt2, but not that of Akt1, significantly decreased cell migration and invasion. Although these results are not fully comprehensive for the understanding of the phenomenon, in the complex indicate that the activation of Akt2 plays a critical role in allowing the migration of the hMSC. The demonstration that the Akt2 isoform is required for the chemotaxis of direct hMSC, makes this kinase a potential pharmacological target to modulate the migration of such cells.
Bulj, Zrinka <1983>. "Studio del ruolo della Protein chinasi B/Akt nella migrazione di Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali umane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5154/.
Full textHuman Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) are currently tested in several clinical trials. In spite of hMSC efficacy is frequently linked to their ability to reach the affected site, little is known on their migratory behavior and the underlying mechanism. This study was designed to investigate the migratory behavior of hMSC and to test the involvement of Akt, also known as protein kinase B. Akt protein expression and phosphorylation was investigated in hMSC western blotting analysis. Cell migration was assessed by transwell, wound healing and time lapse in vivo motility assays. MSC results fairly migratory and Akt was strongly activated at basal level. Furthermore, the characterization of the major regulatory proteins and effectors, upstream and downstream of Akt, has led to the conclusion that the cascade of reactions of this signaling pathway in hMSC follows a canonical pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine the potential mechanism responsible for cell migration and invasion. Blocking PI3K/Akt pathway resulted in decreased hMSC migration. The use of pharmacological inhibitors specific for individual Akt isoforms allowed us to discriminate the different role of Akt1 and Akt2 in the migration of the hMSC. Through our analysis, we demonstrated that pharmacological inactivation of Akt2, but not that of Akt1, significantly decreased cell migration and invasion. Although these results are not fully comprehensive for the understanding of the phenomenon, in the complex indicate that the activation of Akt2 plays a critical role in allowing the migration of the hMSC. The demonstration that the Akt2 isoform is required for the chemotaxis of direct hMSC, makes this kinase a potential pharmacological target to modulate the migration of such cells.
Alba, Anna. "Eventi precoci nel processo di interazione tra Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali e Biomateriali polimerici (PSS e PEI Multilayers)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3732.
Full textSALVADORI, MICHELA. "Sviluppo di un nuovo modello preclinico farmacocinetico - farmacodinamico per la biodistribuzione delle cellule mesenchimali stromali (MSC)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1200059.
Full textMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) represent a therapeutic promise in cell and gene therapies. In spite decades of preclinical research, the lack of established pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) models are hindering a solid clinical translation of MSC towards patients. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model is a mathematical approach adopted routinely by preclinical pharmacokineticists to simulate the PK/PD profile of a compound candidate to the clinical development and for predicting the clinical dosing regimen. Standardized PK/PD models combined with deepened understanding of MSCs PK and PD could be helpful to improve the therapeutic success of this still promising cell type. Therefore, starting from a PK/PD model presented by Parekkadan and Milwid in 2010, we address the optimization of a theoretical PK/PD model for MSC biodistribution with the aim to achieve a quantitative approach to be applied in MSC drug development. The study plan is so summarized: A. MSCs pharmacokinetics can be represented by a two-compartment model. Indeed, as represented by Parekkadan and Milwid, MSC concentration was characterized by a decaying exponential kinetic of cellular viability, that on turn affects the time to reach maximal secretion of a molecular mediator, with a short therapeutic window associated with MSC therapy. This model represents a way to address PK/PD model for MSCs, however it does not consider many aspects like the high connection of MSCs with the neighboring environment and the importance of the circulating factors (released by MSCs themselves and other cells) into exerting the PD effect. B. The basal model is a direct model in which the drug (MSCs) affect simultaneously the pharmacological response (IL-10). However, basing on the evidences of MSC injection in a sepsis model LPS-induced (Németh et al. 2010), to which P&M referred, we began to consider a new PK/PD model. After i.v administration MSCs can release prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) that on turn acts on PGE2 receptors of activated macrophages inducing the release of interleukin-10 (IL-10) whose function is then to reduce inflammation acting on immune cells. Therefore, MSCs influences PGE2 concentration that on turn rules IL-10 concentration. While we confirm the two-compartment model to describe the PK of MSCs, we now assert that the pharmacokinetic of released factors (PGE2 and IL-10) can be summarized by an unexplored indirect model in which the pharmacological response is not only related to the plasma concentration of MSCs but is dependent also to other factors (PGE2 and IL-10). C. Basing on the current literature, we evaluate different kind of indirect or turnover PK/PD models, trying to simplify the intricate inflammation process that characterize a sepsis model LPS-induced. D. In vivo collecting data arise from a sepsis mice model are applied to validate the novel indirect PK/PD models
Diceglie, C. "STUDIO NON INVASIVO DEL RUOLO DI CELLULE MESENCHIMALI STAMINALI NELLA PROGRESSIONE DI MODELLI DI CARCINOMA MAMMARIO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347375.
Full textGovoni, Marco <1977>. "Riparazione del danno ischemico ostruttivo del miocardio mediante cellule staminali mesenchimali sottoposte a stimolazione elettromeccanica in bioreattore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1698/1/Govoni_Marco_tesi.pdf.
Full textGovoni, Marco <1977>. "Riparazione del danno ischemico ostruttivo del miocardio mediante cellule staminali mesenchimali sottoposte a stimolazione elettromeccanica in bioreattore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1698/.
Full textMassa, Annamaria <1988>. "Il ruolo del microambiente extracellulare nella modulazione della staminalità e del differenziamento di cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7400/1/Tesi_Annamaria_Massa.pdf.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp for regenerative strategies in orthopaedics and dentistry. MSC are critical elements that may contribute to bone healing, either directly as osteoblast precursors or indirectly by producing cytokines and growth factors, and by modulating vascularization and inflammation. The infusion of MSC therefore represents a valuable therapeutic approach to enhance bone healing. However, the success of regenerative strategy may be hampered by an unfavourable microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate how physicochemical characteristics of extracellular microenvironment, including oxygen tension and extracellular acidity, can modulate the stemness and the osteogenic potential of MSC. We first examined whether a prolonged exposure to hypoxia affects the osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC). The effect of oxygen tension was evaluated on cell proliferation, surface antigens, stemness gene and bone-related genes expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral matrix deposition, and growth factor release. We demonstrated that hypoxia acts dually, promoting ASC proliferation and stemness in the absence of osteogenic stimuli, but also inducing their differentiation in a bone-like milieu. We subsequently investigated the effect of different levels of extracellular pH (6.5, 6.8, 7.1 and 7.4) on stemness and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp (DPSC). We were able to provide consistent evidence that an acidic microenvironment promotes the stemness state of DPSC. Moreover, extracellular acidosis significantly reduces cells growth, and push cells to reside in the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of acidic pH on the osteogenic potential of DPSC. Modulation of oxygen tension and extracellular pH variations must be considered when MSC are included as a therapeutic tool in bone-related applications.
Massa, Annamaria <1988>. "Il ruolo del microambiente extracellulare nella modulazione della staminalità e del differenziamento di cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7400/.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp for regenerative strategies in orthopaedics and dentistry. MSC are critical elements that may contribute to bone healing, either directly as osteoblast precursors or indirectly by producing cytokines and growth factors, and by modulating vascularization and inflammation. The infusion of MSC therefore represents a valuable therapeutic approach to enhance bone healing. However, the success of regenerative strategy may be hampered by an unfavourable microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate how physicochemical characteristics of extracellular microenvironment, including oxygen tension and extracellular acidity, can modulate the stemness and the osteogenic potential of MSC. We first examined whether a prolonged exposure to hypoxia affects the osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC). The effect of oxygen tension was evaluated on cell proliferation, surface antigens, stemness gene and bone-related genes expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral matrix deposition, and growth factor release. We demonstrated that hypoxia acts dually, promoting ASC proliferation and stemness in the absence of osteogenic stimuli, but also inducing their differentiation in a bone-like milieu. We subsequently investigated the effect of different levels of extracellular pH (6.5, 6.8, 7.1 and 7.4) on stemness and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp (DPSC). We were able to provide consistent evidence that an acidic microenvironment promotes the stemness state of DPSC. Moreover, extracellular acidosis significantly reduces cells growth, and push cells to reside in the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of acidic pH on the osteogenic potential of DPSC. Modulation of oxygen tension and extracellular pH variations must be considered when MSC are included as a therapeutic tool in bone-related applications.
Tibullo, Daniele. "Studio in vitro della differenziazione delle cellule mesenchimali staminali di midollo osseo in epatociti e valutazione funzionale." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/235.
Full textLiver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and / or cancer. The limited number of donors and rejection prolonged use of immunosuppressants, thus limiting their clinical application. In addition, the possibility of obtaining transplantable hepatocytes is hampered by the low replicative potential of liver cells, their concomitant loss of function in culture and the reduced number of viable cells and functional are obtained after cryopreservation. The bone marrow stromal cells have the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) possess self-renewal, and cultured in vitro and under appropriate conditions, can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, representing a potential transplant. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences of the HBM-MSCs in vitro in hepatocytes and their functional status.
Seria, Elisa Libera. "Rigenerazione epatica mediante l'impiego di cellule staminali mesenchimali in un modello murino di danno epatico tetracloruro-indotto." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1133.
Full textLiguori, Giuseppina <1980>. "Ruolo della Interleuchina-6 nella colite ulcerosa long-standing: regolazione della p53 ed induzione delle cellule mesenchimali epiteliali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5660/1/liguori_giuseppina_tesi.pdf.
Full textChronic inflammation is an established risk factor of the onset of cancer, and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been proved to play a role in tumorigenesis. Here we showed that IL-6 down-regulates the expression and activity of the tumor suppressor p53. In human cell lines, IL-6 enhanced rRNA transcription by stimulating c-myc protein expression at post-transcriptional level in a p38MAPK-dependent manner. The up-regulated ribosome biogenesis reduced the p53 expression through the activation of the ribosomal protein-MDM2 degradation pathway of p53. The p53 down-regulation induced cells to acquire phenotypic and functional changes characteristic of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression. We found that these changes also occurred in the colon epithelial cells of patients with ulcerative colitis, a very representative example of a chronic inflammation prone to neoplastic transformation, and disappeared after treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs. These findings unraveled a new IL-6 induced oncogenic effect which can greatly contribute to increase the risk to develop cancer not only in patients with chronic inflammations, but also in patients with those pathological conditions which are characterized by high IL-6 plasma level, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Liguori, Giuseppina <1980>. "Ruolo della Interleuchina-6 nella colite ulcerosa long-standing: regolazione della p53 ed induzione delle cellule mesenchimali epiteliali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5660/.
Full textChronic inflammation is an established risk factor of the onset of cancer, and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been proved to play a role in tumorigenesis. Here we showed that IL-6 down-regulates the expression and activity of the tumor suppressor p53. In human cell lines, IL-6 enhanced rRNA transcription by stimulating c-myc protein expression at post-transcriptional level in a p38MAPK-dependent manner. The up-regulated ribosome biogenesis reduced the p53 expression through the activation of the ribosomal protein-MDM2 degradation pathway of p53. The p53 down-regulation induced cells to acquire phenotypic and functional changes characteristic of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression. We found that these changes also occurred in the colon epithelial cells of patients with ulcerative colitis, a very representative example of a chronic inflammation prone to neoplastic transformation, and disappeared after treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs. These findings unraveled a new IL-6 induced oncogenic effect which can greatly contribute to increase the risk to develop cancer not only in patients with chronic inflammations, but also in patients with those pathological conditions which are characterized by high IL-6 plasma level, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
ALTOMARE, Roberta. "ISOLAMENTO E CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI DA TESSUTO ADIPOSO DI RATTO PER IL LORO DIFFERENZIAMENTO IN SENSO ENDOTELIALE." Doctoral thesis, università degli studi di Palermo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/107804.
Full textErratico, S. A. "SVILUPPO DI UN MODELLO SPERIMENTALE PER LO STUDIO DEI FATTORI DEGENERATIVI CHE INDUCONO IL DIFFERENZIAMENTO ADIPOCITARIO DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169910.
Full textBedino, Giulia <1980>. "La terapia combinata di cellule mesenchimali stromali e aceinibitori riduce la fibrosi renale in un modello animale di ostruzione ureterale unilaterale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6297/1/bedino_giulia_tesi.pdf.
Full textMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells with immunomodulant and anti-inflammatory effect. Several studies have shown MSC beneficial effect in acute kidney injury but are not yet known MSC effects in chronic kidney disease. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a model of renal interstitial fibrosis, the final common pathway for progressive renal diseases where the activation of vasoactive molecules, inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines plays a pathogenetic role in the development of cell apoptosis and tubular atrophy. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis and agents that target angiotensin II, principal mediator of RAS, are the most effective therapy to reduce progression of chronic kidney disease. Its known that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) induce a compensatory increase in plasma renin levels because of the disruption of the negative feedback of its production. However renin (R) promotes renal injury not only by stimulating angiotensin II (ANG II) generation, but also up-regulating pro-fibrotic genes through renin/prorenin receptor activation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether MSC infusion attenuate renal injury in a rat model of UUO and to compare the protective effects of ACEi and MSC in UUO. We studied 5 groups of rats. A: rats sham operated. B: rats UUO received saline solution on day 0 (vehicle control). C: rats UUO received MSC 3X106 on day 0 via tail vein. D: rats UUO received lisinopril from d 1 to 21. E: rats UUO received MSC on d 0, and lisinopril from d 1 to 21. Rats were sacrified on d 7 and 21. Our results show that MSC in UUO rat model prevent renin increase, reduce angiotensin II generation and in combination therapy with ACEi suppress further angiotensin II block, thereby lead to a synergy in ameliorating renal fibrosis.
Bedino, Giulia <1980>. "La terapia combinata di cellule mesenchimali stromali e aceinibitori riduce la fibrosi renale in un modello animale di ostruzione ureterale unilaterale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6297/.
Full textMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells with immunomodulant and anti-inflammatory effect. Several studies have shown MSC beneficial effect in acute kidney injury but are not yet known MSC effects in chronic kidney disease. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a model of renal interstitial fibrosis, the final common pathway for progressive renal diseases where the activation of vasoactive molecules, inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines plays a pathogenetic role in the development of cell apoptosis and tubular atrophy. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis and agents that target angiotensin II, principal mediator of RAS, are the most effective therapy to reduce progression of chronic kidney disease. Its known that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) induce a compensatory increase in plasma renin levels because of the disruption of the negative feedback of its production. However renin (R) promotes renal injury not only by stimulating angiotensin II (ANG II) generation, but also up-regulating pro-fibrotic genes through renin/prorenin receptor activation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether MSC infusion attenuate renal injury in a rat model of UUO and to compare the protective effects of ACEi and MSC in UUO. We studied 5 groups of rats. A: rats sham operated. B: rats UUO received saline solution on day 0 (vehicle control). C: rats UUO received MSC 3X106 on day 0 via tail vein. D: rats UUO received lisinopril from d 1 to 21. E: rats UUO received MSC on d 0, and lisinopril from d 1 to 21. Rats were sacrified on d 7 and 21. Our results show that MSC in UUO rat model prevent renin increase, reduce angiotensin II generation and in combination therapy with ACEi suppress further angiotensin II block, thereby lead to a synergy in ameliorating renal fibrosis.
Bianconi, Eva <1983>. "Ricerca di nuove strategie differenziative: Analisi degli effetti di stimoli fisici e molecolari su cellule mesenchimali umane isolate da tessuto adiposo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6513/1/Bianconi_Eva_tesi.pdf.
Full textBackground. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC) represent an interesting tool for cell therapy, due to their tissue derivation that is abundant and easily available. Using Lipogems, a medical device, stem cells isolation is performed only with mild mechanical forces, giving a minimally manipulated and ready to use fat product. To date, the differentiation processes in vitro are mostly obtained using chemical compounds. Anyway, other factors are shown to be modulators in cell physiology, as physical stimuli and some natural molecules. For instance, electromagnetic waves induced the expression of differentiation markers in stem cell models and adult cells were reprogrammed after treatment, while Zebrafish embryo derived extracts were shown to be antiproliferative both in vitro and in vivo. Methods. The search for new differentiation strategies was focused both on physical waves and Zebrafish extracts, using hASC isolated with Lipogems as cell model. Acoustic waves were gave using two types of transducer, the mechanical wave generator and the Cell Exciter. Zebrafish extracts treatments were performed using different doses and experimental times. Gene expression analysis of stemness and differentiation genes was conducted in both the experimental approaches using quantitative relative RT-PCR and/or qPCR. Proliferation assay was also performed for treatments with natural compounds. Results and conclusions. Control cell culture data meta-analysis revealed that hASC has a stable gene expression in basal conditions. Acoustic waves induced gene expression changes in hASC, in particular in cardiovascular commitment genes, suggesting a regulatory role in differentiation processes. Two of the Zebrafish extracts are shown to inhibit hASC proliferation, with statistical significance after 72 hours from the treatment. Gene espression analysis suggested that this effect could share the same molecular mechanism with differentiation events.
Bianconi, Eva <1983>. "Ricerca di nuove strategie differenziative: Analisi degli effetti di stimoli fisici e molecolari su cellule mesenchimali umane isolate da tessuto adiposo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6513/.
Full textBackground. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC) represent an interesting tool for cell therapy, due to their tissue derivation that is abundant and easily available. Using Lipogems, a medical device, stem cells isolation is performed only with mild mechanical forces, giving a minimally manipulated and ready to use fat product. To date, the differentiation processes in vitro are mostly obtained using chemical compounds. Anyway, other factors are shown to be modulators in cell physiology, as physical stimuli and some natural molecules. For instance, electromagnetic waves induced the expression of differentiation markers in stem cell models and adult cells were reprogrammed after treatment, while Zebrafish embryo derived extracts were shown to be antiproliferative both in vitro and in vivo. Methods. The search for new differentiation strategies was focused both on physical waves and Zebrafish extracts, using hASC isolated with Lipogems as cell model. Acoustic waves were gave using two types of transducer, the mechanical wave generator and the Cell Exciter. Zebrafish extracts treatments were performed using different doses and experimental times. Gene expression analysis of stemness and differentiation genes was conducted in both the experimental approaches using quantitative relative RT-PCR and/or qPCR. Proliferation assay was also performed for treatments with natural compounds. Results and conclusions. Control cell culture data meta-analysis revealed that hASC has a stable gene expression in basal conditions. Acoustic waves induced gene expression changes in hASC, in particular in cardiovascular commitment genes, suggesting a regulatory role in differentiation processes. Two of the Zebrafish extracts are shown to inhibit hASC proliferation, with statistical significance after 72 hours from the treatment. Gene espression analysis suggested that this effect could share the same molecular mechanism with differentiation events.
Chieregato, Katia. "Definizione di cocktail citochinici per l'espansione, in condizioni FBS-free, di cellule stromali mesenchimali isolate da tessuto adiposo e cordone ombelicale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426535.
Full textLe cellule stromali mesenchimali umane (hMSC) sono cellule multipotenti, isolate da numerosi tessuti, con capacità di autoreplicarsi e di differenziarsi in più linee cellulari (osteoblasti, condrociti, adipociti, ecc.). Interagiscono con le cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSC) e hanno proprietà immunomodulanti. Queste caratteristiche hanno reso le MSC eccellenti candidate per la medicina rigenerativa e la terapia genica. Fino ad oggi il midollo osseo (BM) ha rappresentato la fonte principale di MSC, ma nell’ultimo decennio sono state sollevate delle riserve: 1) la bassa frequenza che richiede un’espansione ex vivo; 2) la comparsa di senescenza con il progredire dell’età del donatore; 3) la procedura di prelievo invasiva. Questo ha spinto i ricercatori ad investigare, da una parte, fonti alternative e, dall’altra, nuovi protocolli di espansione per bypassare gli inconvenienti associati all’uso del siero fetale bovino (FBS) e di plasma umano arricchito di piastrine (hPRP). Le principali limitazioni sono legate, per l’FBS, al rischio di trasmissione di malattie prioniche e di reazioni immunitarie causate dalle proteine xenogeniche; per hPRP, alla sua composizione variabile, ad un effetto clinico poco conosciuto e, soprattutto, all’alta quantità di sangue intero richiesto per ottenere un volume di hPRP autologo sufficiente per l’espansione ex vivo delle MSC. In più, la centrifugazione ad alte g, nel tentativo di rimuovere le membrane delle piastrine, decresce l’effetto proliferativo di hPRP. In questo studio sono state prese in esame due fonti alternative: 1) il tessuto adiposo (AT), da dove le MSC sono ottenibili in alto numero e con una facile procedura enzimatica; 2) il cordone ombelicale (UC), dal quale sono isolabili, come riportato in letteratura, MSC caratterizzate da frequenza e capacità replicativa maggiori rispetto alle BM MSC. Per la prima volta è stato valutato, misurando l’incorporazione della bromo-deossiuridina nel DNA neosintetizzato, l’effetto sulla proliferazione di AT e UC MSC di un pool di sette fattori di crescita (GF) umani ricombinanti: epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I), platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGFbb) e transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Sono stati così definiti due cocktail a base di EGF-bFG-PDGFbb per le AT MSC e EGF-PDGFbb per espansione delle UC MSC in un mezzo FBS-free supplementato con plasma umano povero di piastrina (hPPP, 3%), che supporta la crescita delle mesenchimali minimizzando l’apoptosi e consente l’azione dei GF. Queste combinazioni di citochine sono state in grado di fornire, dopo 21 giorni di coltura, un numero sufficiente di cellule per un eventuale trattamento, ad esempio, della graft versus host disease (GvHD), partendo da 100-150 cm3 di AT e 20-30 cm di UC. Inoltre, nelle condizioni di coltura definite, sono serviti circa 80 ml di hPPP ottenibili da 150-200 ml di sangue intero, invece dei 350 ml di hPRP ricavabili da 1000-1200 ml di sangue. La risposta mitogenica riscontrata sembra coinvolgere due protein-kinasi specifiche, MEK1 e MEK2, come evidenziato in presenza di un loro inibitore specifico (U0126). Questo suggerisce la priorità di questa via nel mediare la risposta mitogenica massima delle citochine. I cocktail, inoltre, non influenzano l’espressione dei marker di superficie caratteristici delle mesenchimali. CD 105, CD 90 e CD 44 sono risultati altamente espressi sia sulle AT che sulle UC MSC, mentre la percentuale di cellule positive al CD 31, CD 34, CD 117 e CD 45 decresceva con il progredire dei passaggi, in linea con i criteri definiti dall’International Society for Cellular Therapy. Le aldeidi deidrogenasi (ALDH), una classe di enzimi ossidativi, sono state di recente proposte come marker per l’identificazione e l’isolamento delle HSC dove sono espresse ad alti livelli (>80% nelle cellule CD 34+ isolate dal sangue della vena del cordone ombelicale). In questo studio si è indagato se le ALDH potessero svolgere un ruolo analogo per le MSC. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che le ALDH, combinate con CD 45 e CD 105, non possono essere usate come marker identificativi per le MSC derivate da AT e UC a causa della loro bassa espressione (inferiore al 50%). La capacità differenziativa in senso adipogenico ed osteogenico, testato a fine del secondo passaggio (P2), è stata confermata per la AT MSC. L’esposizione a EGF-bFGF-PDGFbb ha incrementato l’adipogenesi e l’osteogenesi rispetto alla coltura in FBS e hPPP, probabilmente le citochine stimolano l’attivazione dei pathway coinvolti nel differenziamento adipogenico ed osteogenico. L’utilizzo di cellule mesenchimali “indirizzate” al differenziamento adipogenico potrebbe rappresentare una promettente risorsa in chirurgia plastica e ricostruttiva per la ricostruzione del seno dopo mastectomia, per la riparazione di difetti tissutali e subdemici conseguenti a traumi o ustioni. Per le AT MSC è stata riferita una potenzialità osteogenica inferiore alle altre MSC adulte. Con il cocktail definito, che predispone le AT MSC anche all’osteogenesi, questo “problema” potrebbe essere superato, garantendo un numero sufficiente di precursori osteogenici per il popolamento di uno scaffold. Le UC MSC, forse a causa della loro età ontogenia, non hanno evidenziato mineralizzazione e la formazione di vacuoli lipidici, ma si sono dimostrate più immunocompetenti delle AT MSC in presenza dei GF. L’effetto immunomodulante, a carico dei linfociti T attivati con fitoemagglutinina, è stato registrato per le UC MSC ad un rapporto MSC: cellule T pari a 1:10 in tutte le condizioni testate. L’immunomodulazione indotta dalle AT MSC è stata invece riscontrata a 1:5 in presenza del cocktail risultando così più blanda di quella in FBS. Probabilmente i fattori di crescita, inducendo la maturazione e predisponendo le cellule al differenziamento, compromettono le potenzialità immunomodulanti delle mesenchimali isolate da AT. Le UC MSC, essendo invece più immature, sono forse meno suscettibili all’azione dei GF rispetto alle MSC adulte. Quando tra mesenchimali e linfociti si è interposta una “barriera” che ne impediva il contatto “fisico”, non è stato rilevato alcun blocco significativo della proliferazione delle cellule T. Si può concludere che il contatto cellulare rappresenti la condizione necessaria per attivare i meccanismi di immunosoppressione come la produzione di fattori solubili. Recentemente, si sono moltiplicati i trial clinici dove si vanno ad infondere cellule CIK (cytokine induced killer) con lo scopo di aumentare l’efficienza del trapianto di HSC. Le cellule CIK sono una popolazione linfocitaria CD 3+ CD 56+, espanse in vitro con interferone γ, anti CD3 e interleuchina 2, e dotate di azione citotossica verso numerosi target tumorali, ma non sulle staminali CD 34+. Visto il ruolo rilevante in campo ematologico sia delle MSC che delle CIK, è stata indagata l’interazione tra le due popolazioni cellulari. Le CIK hanno mostrato un’azione citotossica sulle UC MSC dose dipendente, mentre le mesenchimali hanno determinato la soppressione delle CIK e la riduzione della loro potenzialità citotossica a carico della K562, un target tumorale. Questi risultati dovrebbero essere tenuti presenti nella definizione di nuovi protocolli clinici di immunoterapia. Essi suggeriscono di somministrare prima le mesenchimali al fine di supportare l’attecchimento delle HSC e prevenire la GvHD, e solo in un secondo tempo le CIK ad azione antitumorale. In conclusione, i cocktail definiti garantiscono l’espansione di una popolazione omogenea di mesenchimali e in numero sufficiente per l’uso clinico delle AT MSC “committed” in medicina ricostruttiva, e delle UC MSC in un contesto ematologico in combinazione con le cellule CIK a patto di una somministrazione in due tempi.
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