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1

Antonio Sotomayor-Ríos, Salvio Torres-Cardona, Adolfo Quiles-Belén, and Wayne Hanna. "Comparación agronómica de yerbas enanas y altas de Napier en Puerto Rico." Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 81, no. 1-2 (April 1, 1997): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v81i1-2.3670.

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Se evaluaron dos genotipos altos y cuatro enanos de Yerba Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) a tres intervalos de corte (IC) en dos localidades. Los rendimientos de materia seca (RMS) promedio de Merkerón y Merker (yerba altas) a IC de 45-, 65-, y 85-d (37.5, 48.8 y 52.8 t/ha/año, respectivamente) resultaron significativamente mayores (P = 0.05) que los de las yerbas enanas. El RMS promedio de las yerbas aumentó 15% (P = 0.05) de 45- a 65-d. La concentración de proteína cruda promedio de N75 y N127 (enanas) a IC de 45-y 65-d superó (P = 0.05) a las yerbas altas y a las restantes yerbas enanas. En muchos casos los rendimientos de proteína cruda de Merkerón y Merker excedieron (P = 0.05) los de las yerbas enanas. La altura de planta de Merkerón y Merker fueron superiores (P = 0.05) durante los tres IC. Las yerbas N75 (IC de 45-d) y N75 y N128 (IC de 65- y 85-d) registraron ios valores más altos (P = 0.05) de razón hoja:talio. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los seis Pennisetums en términos de digestibilidad aparente in vitro. Los resultados sugieren que las yerbas Merkerón y Merker pueden ser recomendadas para uso bajo corte y las yerbas enanas, especialmente N75 y N128 para pastoreo.
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Iversen, Nina M., and Leif E. Hem. "Fra statiske til dynamiske merker i en digital opplevelseskontekst." Magma 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/magma.v24.1269.

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Dagens digitale forbrukere møter merker på smarttelefoner, nettbrett, datamaskiner og spillkonsoller. De digitale plattformene gir merkeeiere et større rom til å skape gode merkeopplevelser. Denne artikkelen beskriver utviklingen fra klassisk merketeori til teori som belyser dagens digitale merkeopplevelser. Historisk la trykte medier sterke føringer på hvordan merker kunne kommuniseres. Papiraviser og magasiner var lite fleksible, og endringer medførte store kostnader. Dagens digitale plattformer gjør det mulig å endre, bevege, levendegjøre og personifisere merker på nye, mer interaktive måter. Det er mulig å gå fra en statisk merkebeskrivelse til en mer dynamisk, minnerik og levende merkeopplevelse. Denne transformasjonen av merkers opplevelsesinnhold forskes det mye på, men mye gjenstår før merkeeiere utnytter potensialet i å skape dynamiske og minnerike merkeopplevelser (Brasel & Hagtvedt, 2016). Formålet med artikkelen er å presentere sentrale effekter av digitalisering på merkeledelse. Digitaliseringen øker interaksjonen mellom merkeeiere og merkebrukere. Denne interaksjonen skaper en dynamikk som gir merkebrukere bedre mulighet til å påvirke merkeeiers valg av verdier og merkeelementer og til å sosialt forhandle om hva som utgjør merkets identitet. Artikkelen presenterer en modell som illustrerer hvordan merkeledelse i stadig større grad er et resultat av en dynamisk, gjensidig og iterativ samskapingsprosess som foregår mellom merkeeiere og merkebrukere. Artikkelen belyser også to forskningsretninger: (1)sensorisk markedsføring og sansebasert opplevelsesdesign, og (2)sosial identitetsteori som belyser dynamisk, prosessbasert og kollektiv identitetsutvikling både i og utenfor bedriften. Disse perspektivene er med på å forklare hvordan mange merker utvikles mot en mer dynamisk merkeidentitet som følge av mer fleksibel bruk av digitaliserte merkeelementer.
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Edelman, David B. "Consciousness without corticocentrism: Beating an evolutionary path." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000994.

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Merker's approach allows the formulation of an evolutionary view of consciousness that abandons a dependence on structural homology – in this case, the presence of a cerebral cortex – in favor of functional concordance. In contrast to Merker, though, I maintain that the emergence of complex, dynamic interactions, such as those which occur between thalamus and cortex, was central to the appearance of consciousness.
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Hem, Leif E., and Nina M. Iversen. "Merkelogoen som virkemiddel for å utvikle sterke merker." Magma 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/magma.v23.1251.

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Sterke merker gir bedrifter et konkurransefortrinn. Valg og utvikling av hensiktsmessige merkeelementer er viktig for å lykkes med å etablere og forsterke sterke merker. Merkeelementer er merkenavn, logo, webadresse, slagord, merkekarakter, lydlogo, pakning, farge, design, form og lukt. Merkelogoen er det mest fremtredende tekstuelle og/eller visuelle elementet ved et merke. Det er derfor viktig at det legges tilstrekkelig med tid og ressurser i arbeidet med å utvikle merkelogoen slik at denne fremstår som en integrert del av merket. Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over merkelogoens betydning og presenterer en typologi for merkelogoen. Artikkelen tar også opp når det er nødvendig å foreta justeringer og oppdateringer av merkelogoen. Itillegg presenteres det et nytt begrep – midlertidige logoendringer. Den klassiske logolitteraturen har forfektet at logoer i minst mulig grad bør endres fordi kundene skal kunne fortsette å kjenne igjen merket over tid. Nye, digitale flater gjør det mulig å gjøre midlertidige endringer på merkelogoen på en kostnadseffektivt måte. Hvorvidt dette er en effektiv måte å underbygge en merkeposisjon på, er derimot uavklart. Artikkelen avsluttes derfor med en modell som stiller noen sentrale spørsmål som må avklares før man kan avdekke effekter av midlertidige logoendringer.
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5

Burton, Glenn W. "Registration of ‘Merkeron’ Napiergrass." Crop Science 29, no. 5 (September 1989): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900050050x.

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6

Fredriksen, Jan Ivar. "Ledende handelskjeder gjør det bra på egne merker." Magma 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/magma.v15.755.

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Artikkelens utgangspunkt er at dagligvarebransjen får størst oppmerksomhet når bruk av egne merker betraktes. Imidlertid har flere ledende aktører fra andre bransjer betydelig større innslag av egne merker. Relevante begrep som merkevare, varemerke, egne merkevarer og egne varemerker belyses. I fortsettelsen benytter forfatteren begrepet egne merker som samlebegrep. Noe av omfanget av egne merker i Norge presenteres og kommenteres. Sammenlignet med møbel og interiørbransjen, med nærmere 50 prosent andel egne merker, og tekstilbransjen, med sine 25 prosent, havner dagligvarebransjen på «jumboplass» med snaue 12 prosent andel. Prosentsatsene er andel av omsetning i verdi. Forfatteren konkluderer med at dagligvarebransjen ufortjent får størstedelen av oppmerksomheten og hevder at aktører med interesse for fenomenet bør inkludere flere bransjer når fenomenet belyses og diskuteres.
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Wahl, Alexander. "Billett merket kontakt." Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 137, no. 9 (2017): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.17.0189.

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de Bruyn, P. S. "Pragmatiese merkers: die verwaarloosde rededeel." South African Journal of Linguistics 16, no. 4 (November 1998): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.1998.9724149.

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9

Marcus, Gustaf. "Hamsun’sMerker." Scandinavian Studies 96, no. 3 (July 2024): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/sca.96.3.39.

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Ramírez Santos, Celia Alejandra. "Escribiendo sobre Weimar y el (neo)nazismo desde México: Paul Merker y Vicente Lombardo Toledano." Res Publica. Revista de Historia de las Ideas Políticas 23, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rpub.63171.

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En 1944 se editó en México La caída de la República de Weimar, el camino de Hitler al poder, traducción al castellano de la primera parte del libro Deutschland, Sein oder nicht Sein, escrita por el comunista alemán exiliado en México, Paul Merker, en los compases finales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El libro cuenta con dos prólogos significativos, uno a cargo del mismo Merker y otro escrito por Vicente Lombardo Toledano, figura central y polémica de la historia del comunismo y el sindicalismo mexicanos entre la década de los treinta y 1968. Estos prólogos resultan interesantes para entender las distintas vías al socialismo ensayadas por entonces en Europa y en América Latina. El libro de Merker constituye, además, una historia crítica de la República de Weimar desde la perspectiva del exilio. Esa distancia espacial y temporal permite a Merker concebir a Weimar como un “laboratorio” de ensayo y preparación de estrategias autoritarias y violentas contra el bolchevismo, en oposición a la visión idealizada –hoy en día predominante- de la República de Weimar como la primera democracia alemana y una página gloriosa de la socialdemocracia germana.
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11

Northoff, Georg. "Subcortical regions and the self." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001082.

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Merker argues that subcortical regions are sufficient for the constitution of consciousness as “immediate, unreflective experience” as distinguished from self-consciousness. My point here is that Merker neglects the differentiation between pre-reflective self-awareness and reflective self-consciousness. Pre-reflective self-awareness allows us to immediately and unreflectively experience our self, which functionally may be mediated by what I call self-related processing in subcortical regions.
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Zeeman, Carien, and Sufran Smith. "Sosiale merkers van hoëkonflikegskeidings waarby kinders betrokke is." LitNet Akademies 20, no. 3 (November 19, 2023): 395–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.56273/1995-5928/2023/j20n3b9.

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Opsomming Professionele persone vind dat dit algemeen vir egpare is om destruktiewe gedrag en negatiewe gevoelens gedurende egskeiding te ervaar. Wanneer daar egter kinders betrokke is, is dit noodsaaklik om gevalle van moontlike hoëkonflikegskeidings te identifiseer. Hierdie ondersoek het beoog om sosiale merkers met betrekking tot hoëkonflikegskeidings te identifiseer sodat maatskaplike werkers wat spesialiseer in forensiese maatskaplike werk die hof van gepaste en verantwoordbare raad kan bedien. Die navorsers het van ’n kwalitatiewe benadering en beskrywende navorsing gebruik gemaak. Semigestruktureerde onderhoude, gebaseer op die literatuur se hipoteses van moontlike tekens van hoëkonflikegskeidings, is met maatskaplike werkers gevoer wat werk met kliënte betrokke in egskeidings met hoë vlakke van konflik. Die ingesamelde inligting is ontleed aan die hand van bestaande literatuur, waarna die bevindings dan forensiese maatskaplike werkers beter in staat mag stel om die moontlikheid van langdurige konflik te voorspel en daaropvolgend advies aan die hof te voorsien ten opsigte van die versorging van die kinders. Die navorsers het intrapersoonlike, interpersoonlike en eksterne faktore as sosiale merkers in gevalle van hoëkonflikegskeidings waar kinders betrokke is, geïdentifiseer. Vir die doel van hierdie ondersoek is daar van ’n doelgerigte, nie-waarskynlikheid-steekproefneming gebruik gemaak met ’n sneeubal-steekproefneming. Daar het 11 deelnemers aan semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude deelgeneem en data is tematies ontleed. Trefwoorde: egskeiding; forensiese maatskaplike werk; hoëkonflikegskeidings; kinders; sosiale merkers
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Silva, Sharlyton Harysson Barbosa da, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos, Mario de Andrade Lira, José Carlos Batista Dubeux Junior, Erinaldo Viana de Freitas, and Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira. "Uso de descritores morfológicos e herdabilidade de caracteres em clones de capim-elefante de porte baixo." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 8 (August 2009): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000800008.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de descritores morfológicos na caracterização e seleção de genótipos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum sp.) de porte baixo e determinar a herdabilidade dos caracteres avaliados. Foram utilizados nove clones de capim-elefante de porte baixo (Taiwan A.146 - 2.14, Taiwan A.146 - 2.27, Taiwan A.146 - 2.37, Taiwan A.146 - 2.114, Merker México - 6.2, Merker México - 6.5, Merker México - 6.31, cv. Mott e CNPGL92F198.7) em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os descritores morfológicos foram aplicados a cada 60 dias, após os cinco cortes de uniformização, realizados em intervalos de 60 dias, a 10 cm do nível do solo. Os clones de capim-elefante de porte baixo com maior altura foram os que apresentaram maior desejabilidade agronômica, portanto, esta característica deve ser considerada no momento da seleção. A estimativa da herdabilidade foi alta para todos os caracteres avaliados em capim-elefante de porte baixo, com valores que variaram entre 100% para cor da nervura central e 66% para cerosidade da bainha. O clone Taiwan A.146 - 2.37 foi semelhante ao cultivar Mott. Os valores de herdabilidade indicaram variabilidade genética entre os clones, detectada aos 60 dias de idade. Alguns descritores morfológicos aplicados permitem caracterizar os genótipos avaliados. Os clones Taiwan A. 146-2.27, Taiwan A. 146-2.37, Taiwan A. 146-2.114 e Merker México 6.31 apresentam maior altura e maior intensidade de perfilhamento total, além de maior desejabilidade, portanto maior potencial para utilização sob corte.
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Eichhorn, O. "Professor Ernst Merker zum 70. Geburtstag." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 43, no. 2 (August 26, 2009): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1958.tb01323.x.

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VAN KOLEN K, PIERRACHE L, HEYMAN S, PAUWELS P, HENDRIKS J, LAUWERS P, and VAN SCHIL P. "Stagering van thymomen: prognostische factoren en genetische merkers." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, no. 1 (2012): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47671/tvg.68.01.2001107.

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Gardner, R. Allen. "A brain for all seasons." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0700101x.

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Merker's fine article opens a new view of brain function consistent with current developments in robotics, heuristics, and fuzzy logic. A reciprocal, tripartite organization of input/motivation/output in the midbrain can accomplish the practical tasks of a brain. A bold move places consciousness in the midbrain, raising profound questions about the practical nature of consciousness.
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Morsella, Ezequiel, and John A. Bargh. "Supracortical consciousness: Insights from temporal dynamics, processing-content, and olfaction." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001070.

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To further illuminate the nature of conscious states, it may be progressive to integrate Merker's important contribution with what is known regarding (a) the temporal relation between conscious states and activation of the mesodiencephalic system; (b) the nature of the information (e.g., perceptual vs. premotor) involved in conscious integration; and (c) the neural correlates of olfactory consciousness.
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Piccinini, Gualtiero. "The ontology of creature consciousness: A challenge for philosophy." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001100.

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I appeal to Merker's theory to motivate a hypothesis about the ontology of consciousness: Creature consciousness is (at least partially) constitutive of phenomenal consciousness. Rather than elaborating theories of phenomenal consciousness couched solely in terms of state consciousness, as philosophers are fond of doing, a correct approach to phenomenal consciousness should begin with an account of creature consciousness.
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Seth, Anil K. "The functional utility of consciousness depends on content as well as on state." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001136.

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This commentary considers Merker's mesodiencephalic proposal in relation to quantitative measures of neural dynamics suggested to be relevant to consciousness. I suggest that even if critical neural mechanisms turn out to be subcortical, the functional utility of consciousness will depend on the rich conscious contents generated by continuous interaction of such mechanisms with a thalamocortical envelope.
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Barceló, Francisco, and Robert T. Knight. "Theoretical sequelae of a chronic neglect and unawareness of prefrontotectal pathways in the human brain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000921.

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Attention research with prefrontal patients supports Merker's argument regarding the crucial role for the midbrain in higher cognition, through largely overlooked and misunderstood prefrontotectal connectivity. However, information theoretic analyses reveal that both exogenous (i.e., collicular) and endogenous (prefrontal) sources of information are responsible for large-scale context-sensitive brain dynamics, with prefrontal cortex being at the top of the hierarchy for cognitive control.
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Freeman, Walter J. "Roles of allocortex and centrencephalon in intentionality and consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001008.

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“Decortication” does not distinguish between removing all cerebral cortex, including three-layered allocortex or just six-layered neocortex. Functional decortication, by spreading depression, reversibly suppresses only neocortex, leaving minimal intentionality. Removal of all forebrain structures except a hypothalamic “island” blocks all intentional behaviors, leaving only tropisms. To what extent do Merker's examples retain allocortex, and how might such residues affect his interpretations?
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Pérez-Ramos, Primavera, Yuri Villegas-Aparicio, Rigoberto Castro-Rivera, Ernesto Castañeda-Hidalgo, Armando Gómez-Vázquez, and José Cruz Carrillo-Rodríguez. "CRECIMIENTO DE ECOTIPOS DE Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach) Morrone EN CONDICIONES DE TEMPORAL." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 44, no. 4-A (December 30, 2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.4-a.765.

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La poca información acerca del crecimiento en forrajes ha propiciado que los productores desconozcan el momento óptimo de corte, lo cual genera una descompensación en el ganado vacuno desaprovechando estos forrajes en cantidad y calidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar durante un año la dinámica de crecimiento de ecotipos de Cenchrus purpureus. El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, mediante un diseño completamente al azar, considerando los ecotipos Elefante, Maralfalfa, Cuba CT-115, Roxo, Vruckwona, Taiwan, Merkeron, Mott y King Grass, en veranootoño (V-O) e invierno-primavera (I-P). Las variables evaluadas fueron: número de hojas por planta (Nh), altura de la planta (Ap), longitud foliar (Lh) y biomasa (B). Los resultados obtenidos indican que la mejor temporada fue V-O, ya que se observaron diferencias (P < 0.05) y se obtuvieron los valores más altos en cuanto a número de hojas por planta (15.3) a los 180 días en Vruckwona, en altura de la planta (85.6 cm) a los 150 días en Merkeron y en biomasa (1.38 t MS ha-1). Estos resultados se adjudican a factores abióticos, principalmente a la disponibilidad hídrica.
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Olsen, Lars Erling. "Måling av merkeassosiasjoner." Magma 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/magma.v21.1151.

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Et viktig mål i merkeledelse er å posisjonere merket med relevante og unike assosiasjoner i kundenes hukommelse. Styrken på merkeassosiasjonene – hvor nært en assosiasjon er koblet til merket i hukommelsen – er svært viktig i merkeledelse. Det er imidlertid en utfordring å finne gode metoder for å måle assosiasjonsstyrke. Forskning og eksisterende praksis i markedsanalyse tilbyr få forslag til hvordan man kan måle assosiasjonsstyrke på en korrekt praktisk og teoretisk måte. Denne artikkelen tilbyr en løsning på dette problemet og foreslår måling av reaksjonstid basert på en trestegs analyseprosedyre. Metoden er basert på faktisk kognitiv tilgjengelighet av assosiasjoner i kundenes hukommelse, og hvordan denne tilgjengeligheten slår ut på individuelle reaksjonstider. Konkret produserer denne metoden forskjeller i rapportert hastighet (i millisekunder) mellom assosiasjoner, der kortere reaksjonstider indikerer en sterkere merkeassosiasjon. To studier benyttes for å illustrere metoden. I den første studien testes selskapsassosiasjoner til en stor norsk merkevare som gjennom responstider får innsikt i hvilke assosiasjoner som er sterkest koblet til merket. I den andre studien illustreres metoden ved å teste en rekke ulike sjokolademerkers merkeposisjoner. Resultatene viser at Kvikk Lunsj har den sterkeste posisjonen blant de ulike sjokolademerkene målt i reaksjonstid. Sammenfattet gir disse to studiene gode eksempler på hvordan den foreslåtte metoden kan benyttes, analyseres og rapporteres i praksis.
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Behrendt, Ralf-Peter. "The hypthalamo-tectoperiaqueductal system: Unconscious underpinnings of conscious behaviour." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000933.

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The insight that, in terms of behaviour control, the mesodiencephalic system is superordinate to the cortex should have profound implications for behavioural sciences. Nevertheless, the thalamocortical system could still be deemed an “organ of consciousness” if we came to accept that consciousness is not central to purposeful behaviour, in accordance with instinct theory. Philosophically, Merker's concepts of basic consciousness and ego-centre warrant critical discussion.
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Hem, Leif E. "Kjedenes private merker – hvorfor vinner de frem?" Magma 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/magma.v16.816.

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Morin, Alain. "Consciousness is more than wakefulness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001069.

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Merker's definition of consciousness excludes self-reflective thought, making his proposal for decorticate consciousness not particularly ground-breaking. He suggests that brainstem sites are neglected in current theories of consciousness. This is so because broader definitions of consciousness are used. Split-brain data show that the cortex is important for full-blown consciousness; also, behaviors exhibited by hydranencephaly patients and decorticated rats do not seem to require reflective consciousness.
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Breed, Adri, and Frank Brisard. "Postulêre werkwoorde as progressiewe merkers in Afrikaans en Nederlands." Internationale Neerlandistiek 53, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/in2015.1.bree.

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ENGELBORGHS S and DE DEYN PP. "Biologische en genetische merkers voor de ziekte van Alzheimer." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 58, no. 23 (January 1, 2002): 1533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/tvg.58.23.5001476.

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ENGELBORGHS S and DE DEYN PP. "Biologische en genetische merkers voor de ziekte van Alzheimer." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, no. 23 (January 1, 2002): 1533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47671/tvg.58.23.5001476.

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30

Glassman, Robert B. "I Promethean, bound deeply and fluidly among the brain's associative robotic networks." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001033.

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Merker's insightful broad review fertilely recasts the mind/brain issue, but the phenomenological appeals require additional considerations of behavioral and neural flexibility. Motor equivalences and perceptual constancies may be cortical contributions to a “robotic” tectal orientation mechanism. Intermediate “third layers” of associative neural networks, each with a few diffusely summing convergence-divergence modules, may be the economical expedient by which evolution has extended the limited unity-in-diversity of sensorimotor coordination to perception, action, thinking, and memory.
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31

Schlag, John. "Should the superficial superior colliculus be part of Merker's mesodiencephalic system?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001124.

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The superficial superior colliculus appears to be a primitive visual analyzer whose function has been taken over by the visual cortex, most completely in man. The phenomenon of blindsight shows that, although intact, the superior colliculus cannot by itself provide conscious perception in human patients. Is it possible that, in anencephalic children, it recovers the role it had in lower mammals?
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32

Baumgarten, Hans Georg. "Professor Dr. med. Hans-Joachim Merker (1929–2014)." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 197 (January 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2014.10.008.

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33

Grimsgaard, Wanda, and Audun Farbrot. "Hvordan strategisk bruk av design kan øke merkeverdien." Magma 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/magma.v23.1256.

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Design kan være et strategisk verktøy for å posisjonere, skape positive assosiasjoner, forsterke og øke verdien på merker og merkevarer. Design kan reflektere og materialisere virksomhetens strategi og verdier overfor kundene. Studier viser at strategisk utvikling og bruk av design kan være en suksessfaktor for innovasjon og nyskaping. Likevel utvikler mange bedrifter design løsrevet fra selskapets strategi og mål. Dermed går de glipp av potensialet som ligger i å bygge bro mellom strategi og design for å utvikle eller forsterke merker og øke merke­verdien. Med utgangspunkt i forskning fra relevante fagområder og praksis presenterer vi designstrategi som en brobygger mellom strategi og design samt en modell i seks faser som viser hvordan bedrifter kan koble designstrategi direkte opp mot virksomhetens strategi. Selv om merkebygging som fag og praksis endrer seg som en følge av ny teknologi og digitale løsninger, er det ikke alt som endrer seg.
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34

Osterhoff, D. R. "Genetiese merkers in die bloed van diere - ’n geskiedkundige oorsig." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 16, no. 2 (July 11, 1997): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v16i2.669.

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In this review an attempt is made to list the most important events in the search for genetic markers in the blood of animals. In chronological order there are blood groups, biochemical polymorphisms, lymphocyte antigens and the DNA markers that have been discovered and used in practice.
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35

WITTERS I, MOERMAN P, VAN ASSCHE FA, and FRIJNS JP. "Echografische merkers van chromosoomafwijkingen in het eerste en het tweede zwangerschapstrimester." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 57, no. 22 (January 1, 2001): 1564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/tvg.57.22.5001185.

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36

SIERENS B, PEETERS M, POPPE B, DE PAEPE A, DEMETTER P, CUVELIER C, and DE VOS M. "Therapie van het colorectaal carcinoom: kunnen biologische merkers het beleid beïnvloeden?" Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 59, no. 4 (January 1, 2003): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/tvg.59.4.5001542.

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37

NUYTS S and VAN DEN BOGAERT W. "Hebben biologische merkers bij hoofd-halstumoren een prognostische en therapeutische betekenis?" Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 60, no. 7 (January 1, 2004): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/tvg.60.7.5001838.

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38

WITTERS I, MOERMAN P, VAN ASSCHE FA, and FRIJNS JP. "Echografische merkers van chromosoomafwijkingen in het eerste en het tweede zwangerschapstrimester." Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, no. 22 (January 1, 2001): 1564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47671/tvg.57.22.5001185.

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39

NUYTS S and VAN DEN BOGAERT W. "Hebben biologische merkers bij hoofd-halstumoren een prognostische en therapeutische betekenis?" Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, no. 7 (January 1, 2004): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.47671/tvg.60.7.5001838.

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40

SIERENS B, PEETERS M, POPPE B, DE PAEPE A, DEMETTER P, CUVELIER C, and DE VOS M. "Therapie van het colorectaal carcinoom: kunnen biologische merkers het beleid beïnvloeden?" Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, no. 4 (January 1, 2003): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47671/tvg.59.4.5001542.

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41

Collerton, Daniel, and Elaine Perry. "Do multiple cortical–subcortical interactions support different aspects of consciousness?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000969.

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Merker's core idea, that the experience of being conscious reflects the interactions of actions, targets, and motivations in the upper brainstem, with cortex providing the content of the conscious experience, merits serious consideration. However, we have two areas of concern: first, that his definition of consciousness is so broad that it is difficult to find any organisms with a brain that could be non-conscious; second, that the focus on one cortical–subcortical system neglects other systems (e.g., basal forebrain and brainstem cholinergic systems and their cortical and thalamic target areas) which may be of at least equal significance.
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42

Doesburg, Sam M., and Lawrence M. Ward. "Corticothalamic necessity, qualia, and consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000982.

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The centrencephalic theory of consciousness cannot yet account for some evidence from both brain damaged and normally functioning humans that strongly implicates thalamocortical activity as essential for consciousness. Moreover, the behavioral indexes used by Merker to implicate consciousness need more development, as, besides being somewhat vague, they lead to some apparent contradictions in the attribution of consciousness.
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43

van Honk, Jack, Barak E. Morgan, and Dennis J. L. G. Schutter. "Raw feeling: A model for affective consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001148.

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Seeking to unlock the secrets of consciousness, neuroscientists have been studying neural correlates of sensory awareness, such as meaningless randomly moving dots. But in the natural world of species' survival, “raw feelings” mediate conscious adaptive responses. Merker connects the brainstem with vigilance, orientating, and emotional consciousness. However, depending on the brain's phylogenetic level, raw feeling takes particular forms.
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44

Coenen, Anton M. L. "Consciousness without a cortex, but what kind of consciousness is this?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000957.

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Merker suggests that the thalamocortical system is not an essential system for consciousness, but, instead, that the midbrain reticular system is responsible for consciousness. Indeed, the latter is a crucial system for consciousness, when consciousness is regarded as the waking state. However, when consciousness is regarded as phenomenal consciousness, for which experience and perception are essential elements, the thalamocortical system seems to be indispensable.
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45

Panksepp, Jaak. "Emotional feelings originate below the neocortex: Toward a neurobiology of the soul." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001094.

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Disregard of primary-process consciousness is endemic in mind science. Most neuroscientists subscribe to ruthless reductionism whereby mental qualities are discarded in preference for neuronal functions. Such ideas often lead to envisioning other animals, and all too often other humans, as unfeeling zombies. Merker correctly highlights how the roots of consciousness exist in ancient neural territories we share, remarkably homologously, with all the other vertebrates.
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46

Al-Ghazal, S. K., and A. Hong. "Merket cell carcinoma of the skin treated by primary radiotherapy." British Journal of Dermatology 136, no. 4 (April 1997): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb02171.x.

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47

Chen, Hsing H., and H. Mei Liu. "AN EXCITOTOXIC MODEL OF BRAIN ISCHEMIA STUDIED WITH NEW ISCHEMIC NEURONAL MERKERS." Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 55, no. 5 (May 1996): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199605000-00178.

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48

Chacón Solís, Liliana Alicia. "¡Fuera vallas!: Defendiendo la participación popular en las mascaradas-cimarronas costarricenses desde una perspectiva corporeizada de la experiencia musical." Epistemus. Revista de Estudios en Música, Cognición y Cultura 3, no. 1 (July 24, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21932/epistemus.3.2939.1.

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Este trabajo pretende recoger argumentos del campo de la cognición musical corporeizada que defiendan la importancia de respetar la naturaleza participativa de las mascaradas-cimarronas costarricenses. Específicamente, se revisan los trabajos de Hagen y Bryant (2003), Gallese, Eagle y Migone (2007), Rizzolatti y Fabbri Destro (2008), Cross (2008, 2010), Jacquier y Martínez (2014), Leman (2010), Martínez (2008, 2014), Merker y otros (2009), van Noorden (2010), y Johnson (2007).
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49

Pereira, Antonio Vander, Marco Antonio Machado, Ana Luisa Sousa Azevedo, Carlos Souza do Nascimento, Ana Lúcia Campos, and Francisco José da Silva Lédo. "Diversidade genética entre acessos de capim-elefante obtida com marcadores moleculares." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 37, no. 7 (July 2008): 1216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982008000700011.

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Este trabalho foi realizado para estimar a diversidade genética de 30 acessos de capim-elefante utilizando-se marcadores moleculares. Amostras de DNA genômico de cada acesso foram obtidas para realização da amplificação por PCR utilizando a técnica de marcadores RAPD. Foram utilizados 20 primers aleatórios que geraram 88 bandas de DNA de alta intensidade e reprodutíveis (64 bandas polimórficas e 24 monomórficas). Os acessos foram agrupados pelo método UPGMA com base na estimativa das distâncias genéticas. Os grupos de acessos Porto Rico, Santa Rita e IJ-7136 cv. EMPASC 307 e; Mineiro e Mineiro Ipeaco apresentaram distância genética nula entre si, comprovando tratar-se do mesmo material genético com designação diferente. Alguns pares de acessos apresentaram distância genética mínima, como Napier e Mineiro ou Mineiro Ipeaco (0,01); P 241 Piracicaba e Guaçu / IZ2 (0,01); Capim Cana D'África e Vrukwona (0,02); Merker Comum e Merker Comum de Pinda (0,03), indicando tratar-se de genótipos com estreito grau de parentesco. A maior distância genética foi obtida entre os acessos Mercker Comum de Pinda e Napier X 23A (0,34). Os resultados indicam que existe variabilidade genética entre os acessos e que as estimativas de distância genética podem ser utilizadas como critério para seleção de genitores em programas de melhoramento desta gramínea forrageira.
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50

Izard, Carroll. "Levels of emotion and levels of consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001045.

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Merker makes a strong case for the upper brain stem as being the neural home of primary or phenomenal consciousness. Though less emphasized, he makes an equally strong and empirically supported argument for the critical role of the mesodiencephalon in basic emotion processes. His evidence and argument on the functions of brainstem systems in primary consciousness and basic emotion processes present a strong challenge to prevailing assumptions about the primacy of cognition in emotion-cognition-behavior relations.
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