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Journal articles on the topic "Merino sheep Development":
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Ruoss, Chantelle, Amanda Tadros, Tim O'Shea, Jim McFarlane, and Ghanim Almahbobi. "Ovarian follicle development in Booroola sheep exhibiting impaired bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway." REPRODUCTION 138, no. 4 (October 2009): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0190.
The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the regulation of ovarian function has been extensively investigated but the mechanism of regulation is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mutation in the BMP receptor in Booroola sheep on the number of primordial follicles and rate of follicle recruitment in comparison with that in normal merino sheep in vivo. Whole sheep ovaries at the time of birth, 1.5 and 5 years old were collected and processed for the follicle quantification, using computerised stereological methods and statistical analyses. At birth, the total number of primordial follicles in Booroola sheep was significantly lower than in merino sheep. At 1.5 and 5 years, a reversed pattern in favour of Booroola ewes was seen with significantly more primordial follicles than merino. In parallel, the rate of primordial follicle recruitment to developing cohort was substantially lower in Booroola ewes with only 51 and 66% of primordial follicle consumption at 1.5 and 5 years respectively compared to 92 and 97% in merino ewes. On other hand, the mean numbers of developing primary follicles were smaller in Booroola sheep at the time of birth, yet, Booroola ewes possess more primary follicles than merino at 1.5 years. These findings suggest that attenuation of the intraovarian signalling pathway of BMPs may in fact be a successful means of rationalising follicle consumption, preventing unnecessary loss of follicles from the initial primordial follicle pool, hence increasing reproductive longevity and fertility.
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Torekhanov, A. A., and N. K. Zhumadillayev. "ETTI MERINOS – KAZAKHSTANI EXPORT-ORIENTED MEAT BREAD." REPORTS 335, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.21.
Sheep breeding in Kazakhstan is a traditional branch of animal husbandry. The development of the industry is facilitated by the presence of large areas of pasture lands, as well as the existing valuable gene pool of breed resources, created by national selection and long-term work of scientists-breeders. The republic has great potential for the further development of sheep breeding industry and is able not only to meet the population's need for mutton, but also to become a major exporter. The restoration and further development of domestic sheep breeding should be based on rational use of genetic potential of animals and natural pastures of the country for the cost-effective production of high quality sheep products that meet international standards. The article deals with the development of fine-wool sheep breeding in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions, improvement of meat characteristics of the South Kazakh merino. The experience of using "etti merino" rams-producers in farms of Turkestan region showed that meat merino rams have a positive effect on meat productivity of the South Kazakh merino, and at the same time do not worsen their wool characteristics. The information on the population number of sheep of "Etti Merino" breed for 2020, the class composition of the ewes on farms, productivity of rams-producers in a number of generations, assessment of the quality of the offspring of 6-7 month old rams, wool productivity of the breeding groups of female sheep are presented.
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Bell, Stephen. "Aimé Bonpland and Merinomania in Southern South America." Americas 51, no. 3 (January 1995): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008225.
As an integrating theme in the biological or ecological expansion of Europe, merino sheep were so important that one authority on their dispersal sees the nineteenth century standing as “the century of the Merino.” Merinos produce a wool of distinctive quality, one long appreciated for providing warmth without excessive weight. Guarded for centuries by Spanish monopoly, the breed's status as something of a prize outside Spain began to change in 1808 with the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian peninsula. By around 1820, a major new phase in merino dispersal was underway with its adaptation to some of the vast grassland ecosystems in the Europeanizing peripheries. The breed was of critical importance to the settlement and development of Australia. It was also highly important in other parts of the southern hemisphere, including in the transformation of existing cattle cultures on the great grassland regions of the Río de la Plata. Here the merino formed the leading edge of rural modernization, offering real potential for ground-up development.
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Szabó, Mária, Szilvia Kusza, István Csízi, and István Monori. "The status of the Hungarian Merino sheep breed compared to the other merino breeds." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 69 (March 23, 2016): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1804.
Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds have been widely known and distributed across the world, both as purebred and admixed populations. They represent a diverse genetic resource which over time has been used as the basis for the development of new breeds. In spite of this, their gene-pool potential is still unexplored. The Merino sheep represent the most important sheep resource of the Hungarian husbandry. It has the largest amount of individuals between both of the stock and commercial flocks. But in Europe the Merino stocks went through a drastic reduction in number. Thus these breeds became endangered in several countries as well as in Hungary. In this study we would like to present the recent status of different Merino breeds of the world to ground our further phylogenetic research with the Hungarian Merino breed.
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Wilkes, M. J., P. I. Hynd, and W. S. Pitchford. "Damara sheep have higher digestible energy intake than Merino sheep when fed low-quality or high-quality feed." Animal Production Science 52, no. 1 (2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11033.
The use of animals that are resilient to challenging environments is becoming of increasing importance in animal production systems. Interest in breeds of sheep such as the Damara for sheep meat production is increasing in Australia. Anecdotally this breed outperforms the traditionally grazed Merino in the harsh rangeland environments encountered in the Pastoral Zone of Australia, but little evidence is available to support this claim. A trial was conducted to quantify differences in the efficiency of feed utilisation and growth performance of Damara and Merino sheep under two contrasting dietary regimes. Eighteen castrate males of each breed were offered a ‘low-quality’ diet (L) (7 MJ/kg ME; 8% crude protein, as per manufacturer’s analysis) followed by a ‘high-quality’ diet (H) (11 MJ/kg dry matter and 16% crude protein, as per manufacturer’s analysis). On the L diet, Damaras had similar ad libitum feed intake as Merinos, but the digestibility of feed dry matter and energy was ~10% higher in Damaras than Merinos. Damaras also gained weight (38 g/day) on the L diet, while Merinos lost weight (28 g/day) (P < 0.002). On the H diet the Damaras consumed 14% more feed (P < 0.053) and grew 30% faster than Merinos (P < 0.002), but there was no difference in the apparent dry matter or energy digestibility of the feed. At the conclusion of the trial the Damara carcasses were 22% heavier (28.1 versus 23.1 kg), and had higher dressing percentages (53.2 versus 41.5%) than Merinos, but the proportions of carcass components did not differ. The Damaras achieved higher total digestible energy intakes than the Merinos on both diets. On the low-quality feed this was achieved through higher feed digestibility and on the high-quality feed through greater voluntary feed intake. We speculate that this arises from variation between the breeds in rumen volume, particle flow and the site of digestion, but further studies are required to confirm this contention. The ability of Damara sheep to obtain more nutrients from widely differing feed bases makes them an attractive alternative sheep breed for sheep meat production. Furthermore, the presence of such variation between genotypes offers potential for selective breeding and development of commercial lines of sheep.
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Edwards, J. E. Hocking, M. J. Birtles, P. M. Harris, A. L. Parry, E. Paterson, G. A. Wickham, and S. N. McCutcheon. "Pre- and post-natal wool follicle development and density in sheep of five genotypes." Journal of Agricultural Science 126, no. 3 (May 1996): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007492x.
SUMMARYThe pre-natal and post-natal development of wool follicles in sheep of five genotypes with contrasting wool types was examined to provide data on which to base studies of physiological factors affecting wool type via follicle development. This study was conducted following Autumn mating in 1992 at Palmerston North, New Zealand (40° S, 176° E). The rate and timing of follicle development in midside skin samples from Romney, Merino, Merino × Romney (M × R), Drysdale and Wiltshire foetuses and lambs collected at weekly intervals from days 76 to 143 of gestation and 1, 3, 7, 12 and 32 weeks after birth were examined.Primary (P) follicle density had a similar pattern of development in each of the genotypes, although the Merino had a significantly greater density of P follicles than the other genotypes. There was a difference in the rate of P follicle maturation between genotypes with the Drysdale, Wiltshire and M × R completing P follicle maturation before the other two genotypes. However, the majority of P follicles in all genotypes were producing fibres by 111 days of gestation. It was concluded that the small differences in the density and time of development of the P follicles could not cause the differences in wool type between genotypes.The pattern of development of the secondary (S) follicle population was examined by comparing S: P ratios. The initiation of S follicles began at similar ages in the five genotypes, but initiation was completed earlier in the Romney, Drysdale and Wiltshire than in the Merino and M × R, as indicated by a significant genotype by age interaction (P < 0·001). There was no difference between genotypes in S:P ratio from 90 to 104 days of gestation. The S:P ratio of the Romney, Drysdale and Wiltshire did not change significantly from 104 days of gestation until the end of the study, indicating that few S follicles were initiated in these genotypes after 104 days of gestation. The M × R data showed a significant increase in S:P ratio until 119 days of gestation and the Merino S:P ratio increased until 126 days of gestation.The period between days 90 and 125 of gestation was identified as being the critical period for the development of different follicle populations in Merino and non-Merino genotypes and it is this period which should be the focus for studies to determine physiological factors controlling secondary follicle development.
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Khasanah, Himmatul, Gayuh Syaikhullah, and Muhammad Adhyatma. "The Carcass and Nutritional Meat Characteristics of Sapudi and Cross Merino Sheep." Buletin Peternakan 46, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i3.74048.
Sheep meat plays an important role in accomplishing balanced and healthy nutrition as a source of protein, fat, and essential micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and vitamin B12. The amino and fatty acid composition of meat in different breeds need to be assessed to characterize and determine the development prospects of sheep that produce healthy and good quality meat. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of the Sapudi and Cross Merino meat sheep including the carcass performance and meat qualities. We reared four Sapudi and four Cross Merino ewes in the same feed and environmental management for two months then slaughtered and analysed the carcass, non-carcasses and chemical meat properties. We used Bicep femoris muscle to perform proximate, amino acid, and fatty acid contents. An independent t-test was conducted to compared obtained data. Heart weight and protein content were higher in Sapudi sheep. Of the 51 fatty acids observed, we found 11 and 10 types of fatty acid in the Sapudi and Cross Merino meat, respectively. The fatty acid percentage of Sapudi meat tended to have higher value compared to Cross Merino. We also found that the two breeds have the same amino and fatty acid compositions. The levels of glycine, arginine, serine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine and threonine were statistically higher in Cross Merino than Sapudi. In conclusion, the non-carcass, crude protein, amino acid and fatty acid level were significantly different between Sapudi and Cross Merino
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MUSALAYEV, KH KH, R. A. ABDULLABEKOV, and P. M. MAGOMEDOVA. "MERINO SHEEP BREED RAISED UNDER MOUNTAIN BREEDING SYSTEM." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 3 (2020): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2020-3-81-93.
Dagestan is the leading Republic of Russia in terms of the number of sheep and sheep breeding products. The zoned target sheep breed in Dagestan is the Dagestan mountain breed. However, this breed produces thin but non-merino wool. Developing the Merino sheep breed suitable for mountain breeding is an urgent problem. The new Merino sheep breed was developed for the foothill zone of Dagestan, where summer Alpine and winter low-lying pastures are located at a distance of no more than 150 km from each other, and summer Alpine pastures are located at an altitude of up to 3000 meters above sea level. The research and stock breeding work was carried out at the farm production enterprise “Krasniy Oktyabr’”, the Kazbek district, in the period between 2005 and 2019. The work resulted in the development of the Arthlukh Merino sheep breed. (Patent for selection achievement No. 10112 “State Commission of the Russian Federation for Selection Achievement Tests and Protection”). The breed was developed by crossing the Stavropol sheep rams with the Dagestan mountain sheep, with the subsequent improvement of crossbreeds by the Manych Merino breed. A distinctive feature of the new Merino breed from the basic herdmates of the Dagestan Mountain breed is the high live weight, which is 15.3–16.5% higher in different sex and age groups. Besides, the amount of washed wool shorn is 16.2–26.0% higher. The ewes’ wool fineness is 22.9 microns (19.4–23.0) – 64 qualities. That of adult rams amounts to 23.3 microns (19.9–23.3) and has 60 qualities. The difference of the wool fineness on the side and thigh does not exceed one quality. The coat length on the side of ewes is not less than 9.0 cm, rams – 9.5 cm, gimmers (young ewes) – 9.5 cm and replacement rams – 10.0 cm. The wool strength is 7.0 cN/Tex. The belly wool cover is good. The suint is stable, of a white and light cream color. The average yield of washed wool excluding the lowest grades is 64%. The fertility of ewes ranged from 125% to 135%.
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Lakota, E. А. "PRESERVATION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF STAVROPOL SHEEP BREED FOR POVOLZHYE DREY STEPPE ZONE." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, no. 3(50) (September 8, 2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-3-179-184.
In conditions of Povolzhye steppe zone development of productive qualities of Stavropol breed sheep was conducted by meat merino sheep. Experimental research was carried out in ZAO «Novaya Zhizn» in Novouzensky district of Saratov region, located in semi desert zone, bordering upon South-West Khazakhstan. The research aim was the increase and maintenance of genetic potential of Stavropol breed sheep of Povolzhye population. Working procedure is based on guidelines of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural sciences, All Union research institute of sheep and goat breeding. The study materials were Stavropol pure breed sheep and 1/8 –thoroughbred cross breed with Australian meat merino herdmates. As the result of stepped breeding of local Stavropol ewe with half bred by Australian meat merino ram- breeder of Stavropol breed animals of 1/2 ,1/4, 1/8 –blood were obtained, which then one- shear tupped by breeding «inter se». It is proved that in applying such selective method 1/8-blood by Australian meat merino sheep were characterized with higher body weight, better wool quality in contrast to Stavropol pure –breed herdmates. So, in 1/8-blood by Australian meat merino of hybrid ewe during breeding «inter se» live body at birth was higher than at pure breed herdmates for 5,56 %, during ablactation –at the age of 4 months - for 6,38 % (difference isn’t accurate). According to sharing of wool in grease, superiority of ewe of hybrid origin over pure breed was 5,6 % (Р≥0,99), but in terms of washed fiber it increases to 8,3 % (Р≥0,999). So, in dry steppe zone of Povolzhye new improved, according to its productive qualities, genotype of Stavropol breed sheep is created with retention of genetic resource that is essential economic factor for the modern maintenance of fine-wool sheep breeding field.
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Forrest, JW, and MR Fleet. "Pigmented Spots in the WoolBearing Skin of White Merino Sheep Induced by Ultraviolet Light." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 39, no. 2 (1986): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9860125.
Black-grey pigmented skin spots, some of which contained pigmented wool fibres, were observed in a flock of 8� 5-year-old white Merino ewes. The spots were concentrated along the backline and increased in number following shearing, suggesting exposure to sunlight to be of importance in the development of these non-congenital pigmented skin spots in genetically white Merino sheep. To test the effect of ultraviolet light, white Merino sheep, ranging in age from 3 to 8 years, had a closely clipped mid side area of wool-bearing skin irradiated on each of 28 consecutive days. Pigmented skin spots developed in 6 of the 16 white Merino sheep irradiated. Spots first appeared after 10 days of irradiation, the number subsequently increasing with time, and two skin spots were found to contain sparse numbers of blackgrey pigmented wool fibres. Histological examination showed both the naturally occurring and irradiationinduced pigmented skin spots resulted from an increase in both number and activity of melanocytes localized along the epidermal-dermal border of the epidermis. With time, the melanocytes were observed to have entered, to varying depths, the outer-root sheath of follicles still producing white wool fibres. These ultraviolet-light-induced changes to epidermal melanocytes in white Merino sheep presumably occur due to alterations within the local tissue environment in which the melanocytes lie.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Merino sheep Development":
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Auclair, Dyane. "Pubertal development in the merino ram lambs and immunization against oestrogens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha898.pdf.
Bibliography: leaves 281-316. Presents investigations on pubertal development in South Australian merino ram lambs and examines the effect of active and passive immunizations against oestradiol-17ℓ or oestrone on testicular maturation.
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Kakar, Muhammad Azam. "Effect of peri-conceptional feed intake on early embryo development and fetal growth in the Merino ewe /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANP/09anpk138.pdf.
Omstedt, Anders. The Development of Climate Science of the Baltic Sea Region. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.654.
Dramatic climate changes have occurred in the Baltic Sea region caused by changes in orbital movement in the earth–sun system and the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Added to these longer-term changes, changes have occurred at all timescales, caused mainly by variations in large-scale atmospheric pressure systems due to competition between the meandering midlatitude low-pressure systems and high-pressure systems. Here we follow the development of climate science of the Baltic Sea from when observations began in the 18th century to the early 21st century. The question of why the water level is sinking around the Baltic Sea coasts could not be answered until the ideas of postglacial uplift and the thermal history of the earth were better understood in the 19th century and periodic behavior in climate related time series attracted scientific interest. Herring and sardine fishing successes and failures have led to investigations of fishery and climate change and to the realization that fisheries themselves have strongly negative effects on the marine environment, calling for international assessment efforts. Scientists later introduced the concept of regime shifts when interpreting their data, attributing these to various causes. The increasing amount of anoxic deep water in the Baltic Sea and eutrophication have prompted debate about what is natural and what is anthropogenic, and the scientific outcome of these debates now forms the basis of international management efforts to reduce nutrient leakage from land. The observed increase in atmospheric CO2 and its effects on global warming have focused the climate debate on trends and generated a series of international and regional assessments and research programs that have greatly improved our understanding of climate and environmental changes, bolstering the efforts of earth system science, in which both climate and environmental factors are analyzed together.Major achievements of past centuries have included developing and organizing regular observation and monitoring programs. The free availability of data sets has supported the development of more accurate forcing functions for Baltic Sea models and made it possible to better understand and model the Baltic Sea–North Sea system, including the development of coupled land–sea–atmosphere models. Most indirect and direct observations of the climate find great variability and stochastic behavior, so conclusions based on short time series are problematic, leading to qualifications about periodicity, trends, and regime shifts. Starting in the 1980s, systematic research into climate change has considerably improved our understanding of regional warming and multiple threats to the Baltic Sea. Several aspects of regional climate and environmental changes and how they interact are, however, unknown and merit future research.
Book chapters on the topic "Merino sheep Development":
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Omagano Itenge, Theopoline. "Application of PCR Technique to Detect Polymorphism of the KRTAP1.1 Gene in Three Sheep Breeds - A Review." In Analytical Chemistry - Advancement, Perspectives and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96941.
The quality of wool and pelt products depends on the quality of the wool and pelt grown on farm. Genes coding for the proteins involved in the structural components of wool fibre; keratin intermediate filaments (KRTs) and keratin keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) have been extensively researched. The KAPs form a matrix in which the KRTs are embedded. In sheep, KRTAP1.1 (previously B2A) is one of the four genes encoding proteins that make up the KAP1.n family. The ovine KRTAP1.1 gene is clustered with the KRTAP1.3 and KRTAP1.4 genes on chromosome 11. In this chapter, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Applied Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) typing method used to detect polymorphism in the KRTAP1.1 gene is reviewed. Three length variation KRTAP1.1 alleles; named A, B and C, of the lengths 341 base pair, 311 base pair and 281 base pair, respectively have been reported in three sheep breeds; Romney sheep of New Zealand, Merino sheep of New Zealand and Swakara sheep of Namibia. Genetic variation within the KRTs and KAPs can be further exploited to determine as to whether such variation impacts on wool quality. The presence of genetic variation within KRTs and KAPs offers opportunities for the development of gene markers affecting wool and pelt quality traits.
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ALEXANDER, G., and D. STEVENS. "RECOGNITION OF WASHED LAMBS BY MERINO EWES." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 283–92. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50031-0.
ALEXANDER, G., and ELIZABETH E. SHILLITO. "MATERNAL RESPONSES IN MERINO EWES TO ARTIFICIALLY COLOURED LAMBS." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 253–64. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50029-2.
ALEXANDER, G. "ODOUR, AND THE RECOGNITION OF LAMBS BY MERINO EWES." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 303–8. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50033-4.
FOWLER, D. G. "MATING ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN MERINO SHEEP." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 1–12. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50005-x.
STEVENS, D., G. ALEXANDER, and J. J. LYNCH. "LAMB MORTALITY DUE TO INADEQUATE CARE OF TWINS BY MERINO EWES." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 143–52. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50018-8.
ALEXANDER, G., and D. STEVENS. "DISCRIMINATION OF COLOURS AND GREY SHADES BY MERINO EWES: TESTS USING COLOURED LAMBS." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 265–81. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50030-9.
ALEXANDER, G. "ROLE OF AUDITORY AND VISUAL CUES IN MUTUAL RECOGNITION BETWEEN EWES AND LAMBS IN MERINO SHEEP." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 321–37. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50035-8.
ALEXANDER, G., and ELIZABETH E. SHILLITO. "THE IMPORTANCE OF ODOUR, APPEARANCE AND VOICE IN MATERNAL RECOGNITION OF THE YOUNG IN MERINO SHEEP (OVIS ARIES)." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 293–301. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50032-2.
ALEXANDER, G., and ELIZABETH E. SHILLITO. "IMPORTANCE OF VISUAL CLUES FROM VARIOUS BODY REGIONS IN MATERNAL RECOGNITION OF THE YOUNG IN MERINO SHEEP (OVIS ARIES)." In Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep, 229–35. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42444-0.50026-7.
Conference papers on the topic "Merino sheep Development":
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Trukhachev, Vladimir, Sergei Oliinyk, Tatyana Lesnyak, and Nikolay Zlyidnev. "Application of unmanned aerial vehicles for remote estimation of pasture fertility while growing Dzhalginsky Merino sheep." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n465.
Wickramaarachchi, Wathsala H., Shantha Walpalage, and Shantha M. Egodage. "Development of a Competitive Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Roofing Sheet from Natural Rubber and High-Density Polyethylene." In 2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon52712.2021.9525658.
Li, Jianing, Mahmoud Hamza, Arul Kumaran, Umesh Bhayaraju, and San-Mou Jeng. "Study of Development of a Novel Dual Phase Airblast Injector for Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56340.
A novel airblast injector is designed for gas turbine combustors. Unlike standard pressure swirl and prefilming/non-prefilming air blast atomizers, the novel injector is designed to improve the fuel injection delivery to the injector and improve atomization of the fuel by using a porous stainless steel tube. There are three swirling air streams in the injector. The liquid fuel is injected through the porous tube, with 7 micron porosity, between the swirling air streams, viz. an inner swirling air through the tube and the other two swirling air streams merging downstream of the tube. The swirl vane angles and the air split ratio are selected to increase the amount of air through the injector and facilitate the atomization process. The liquid fuel is injected through the outer surface of the porous tube, due to the permeability of the tube, produces a thin liquid sheet on the inner surface of the tube. The atomization occurs by surface stripping of the liquid sheet. The advantage of such an injector is that it produces a liquid sheet with uniform thickness around the circumference of the tube under all liquid loading. The porous tube also increases the surface area of contact between the fuel and air and produces a fine spray at engine idle conditions. An experimental approach is adopted in the present study to characterize the spray and aerodynamics of the injector for Jet-A and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) fuels at atmospheric conditions. The effect of flare height on the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) is also studied. Spray characterization, droplet size and volume flux are investigated with PDI measurements. The effect of pressure drop and fuel properties on SMD distribution is analyzed. Velocity profiles at downstream of the injector are obtained from LDV measurements, and the velocity profile at the exit of the injector is also analyzed. A central toroidal recirculation zone (CTRZ) is observed at the exit of the injector. The effect of different configurations of the injector on spray characteristics is studied. A correlation for SMD is obtained.
Reports on the topic "Merino sheep Development":
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Gootwine, Elisha, David Thomas, Ruth Braw-Tal, Amir Bor, and P. J. Dziuk. Improvement of Prolificacy of Israeli and U.S. Sheep Breeds through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino-Stage II. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604931.bard.
The purposes of this project were: 1) to introduce the FecB gene to the Awassi and Assaf breeds in Israel and the Rambouillet breed in the U.S.A. aiming in the long run to establish Awassi, Assaf and Rambouillet nucclei breeding flocks homozygous for the F gene in which the contribution of the Booroola Merino genetic background will be less than 10%; (In the U.S., Booroola crosses with Suffolk and Targhee were also studied. 2) to evaluate the effect of the FecB gene and different proportions of Booroola Merino genetic background on lamb survival, growth, milk production and wool production in Booroola crosses with the native breeds; 3) to reveal the specific effect of the FecB gene on ovarian development, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin secretion in prepubertal ewe lambs and in adult ewes in order to define physiological criteria for distinguishing carriers of the FecB allele from non-carriers and 4) to identify genetic markers linked to the FecB gene to assist in selection of genotypes within the Booroola crosses. Introgression of the Booroola gene reached the stage of the third backcross in the Awassi, Assaf and the Rambouillet crosses. In all cases the Booroola crosses were superior in prolificacy. However, they were inferior in comparison to the local breeds in production due to Booroola Merino genes other than the FecB. It is expected that the beneficial economic contribution of the Booroola gene will increase along with the upgrading to the local breeds. FSH plasma levels and induced ovulation rate of 5 month old FecB carriers among the crossbreeds. The OarAE101 marker can assist in detecting FecB carriers among Booroola-Awassi crosses. However, this marker is informative only in some of the families.
