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Academic literature on the topic 'Merino sheep'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Merino sheep"

1

Cloete, S. W. P., S. J. Schoeman, J. Coetzee, and J. de V. Morris. "Genetic variances for liveweight and fleece traits in Merino, Dohne Merino and South African Meat Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (2001): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00030.

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(Co)variance estimates for weaning weight, yearling liveweight, clean fleece weight and fibre diameter at yearling age were obtained for Merino, Dohne Merino and South African Meat Merino flocks maintained on the same property. Direct additive genetic variances for weaning weight [expressed as a ratio of the total phenotypic variance (h2, direct heritability)] were estimated at 0.15 for Merinos, 0.21 for Dohne Merinos and 0.32 for South African Meat Merinos. Corresponding maternal variance ratios (m2, including direct maternal variance and permanent environmental maternal variance) were estimated at 0.15, 0.30 and 0.24, respectively. The correlation between direct and maternal variance ratios was high and negative in Dohne Merinos and South African Meat Merinos (–0.72 and –0.53, respectively). Direct heritability estimates for yearling liveweight were 0.30 for Merinos, 0.33 for Dohne Merinos and 0.45 for South African Meat Merinos. Corresponding maternal variance ratios were only significant in the latter 2 breeds, amounting to 0.13 in Dohne Merinos and 0.12 in South African Meat Merinos. For yearling clean fleece weight, h2 and m2 were estimated at 0.28 and 0.12, respectively, for both Merinos and Dohne Merinos. In the case of South African Meat Merinos, only the h2 estimate was significant, at 0.68. Maternal variance ratios for yearling fibre diameter were not significant in any of the breeds, while h2 ranged from 0.58 in Merinos to 0.75 in South African Meat Merinos. Selection progress for yearling traits seems likely in all breeds, depending on the breeding objectives being strived for.

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Rathie, KA, ML Tierney, and JC Mulder. "Assessing Wiltshire Horn-Merino crosses. 1. Wool shedding, blowfly strike and wool production traits." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 6 (1994): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940717.

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Wiltshire Horn-Merino (WH-M) crosses of 1/2, 5/8 and 3/4 Merino content were compared over 10 years for wool shedding, blowfly strike frequency and wool production traits. Merinos and 1/2 Merino WH-M were compared over 4 years. For wool production traits, 1/2 and 5/8 Merino WH-M ewes were compared to Border Leicester-Merino (BL-M) ewes over 2 years. Shedding increased with age for all WH-M genotypes, with 3/4 Merinos showing less shedding than 1/2 Merinos at all ages. At 1 and 2 years of age, 5/8 Merinos were intermediate between the other 2 WH-M genotypes, but at later ages they were similar to 1/2 Merinos. All genotypes showed less shedding at the belly site than the head, neck and breech as lambs, but not at older ages. Phenotypic correlations between sites on the same sheep were high, averaging 0.85. Repeatability estimates for each site ranged from 0.26 to 0.45. Shedding increased most with age in the 1/2 Merinos, and least in the 3/4 Merinos. Little or no shoulder and back wool was shed by most sheep. All 1/2 and 5/8 Merinos and most 3/4 Merinos had bare legs and points. Blowfly strike incidence was far higher in Merinos than 1/2 Merinos, in all years. Among WH-M, blowfly strike incidence increased as Merino content increased, in all years. All WH-M were far inferior to both Merinos and BL-M in total greasy wool weight and all its components, and also in clean fleece weight, with their level of inferiority increasing as their Merino content declined. Wool fibre diameter for all WH-M was coarser than for Merinos, but was a little finer than for BL-M. Fibre diameter increased in the WH-M as their Merino content declined. All WH-M had lower wool yields than the Merinos or BL-M. In some years the 314 Merinos had lower wool yields than the 1/2 and 5/8 Merinos, which were similar in all years. Shedding caused numerous genotype x age interactions in wool weight and its components, as Merinos and BL-M did not shed, and with the WH-M shedding increased most with age in the 1/2 Merinos, and least in the 3/4 Merinos. Due to preferential shedding from the belly and other low-value areas, the WH-M inferiority in total wool weight was less severe for fleece weight. Winter shearing succeeded in harvesting some wool from WH-M that would be shed before a summer shearing, but not enough to alter rankings among genotypes. All WH-M genotypes have wool too coarse, and not enough of it, to compete as a wool sheep with the Merino at current wool prices under usual Australian pastoral conditions. In areas where mustering is difficult or blowfly strike unusually severe, WH-M genotypes may find a niche.

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3

Ponnampalam, E. N., K. L. Butler, D. L. Hopkins, M. G. Kerr, F. R. Dunshea, and R. D. Warner. "Genotype and age effects on sheep meat production. 5. Lean meat and fat content in the carcasses of Australian sheep genotypes at 20-, 30- and 40-kg carcass weights." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08054.

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Lean meat and fat content of Australian sheep genotypes were compared at 20-, 30- and 40-kg carcass weights. Sheep comprised Poll Dorsetgrowth × Border Leicester Merino (PDg × BLM), Poll Dorsetgrowth × Merino (PDg × M), Poll Dorsetmuscling × Merino (PDm × M), Border Leicester × Merino (BL × M) and Merino × Merino (M × M) genotypes. Lambs were raised as a mixed flock under grazing and slaughtered at 4, 8, 14 and 22 months of age with each slaughter time involving ~150 mixed sex animals. At 24 h after slaughter, chilled carcasses were halved along the backbone and the right sides were used for determination of lean, fat and ash percentages using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Within a particular age group and genotype, animals growing at faster rates and reaching heavier carcass weights had lower carcass lean meat content than slower growing animals. Merino carcasses weighing 20 and 30 kg had similar levels of lean meat to PD × M genotypes, which was greater than that from the BL × M genotype. Second-cross PD × BLM carcasses weighing 20 kg at 4 months and 30 kg at 8 months had similar carcass fat and lean percentages to 20-kg Merino carcasses at 8 months and first-cross PD × M carcasses weighing 30 kg at 14 months, respectively. At 40-kg carcass weight, 22-month-old Merinos had similar levels of leanness to carcasses from 22-month-old PD × M animals and carcasses from 14-month-old second-cross PD × BLM animals. Carcass lean meat content decreased with increasing carcass weight and first- cross BL × M animals had the lowest carcass lean across all weight categories. There was a major acceleration in carcass fatness between 14 and 22 months associated with a reduction in muscle deposition. Results indicate that age of the animal should be taken into account when carcass lean and fat contents are compared at a particular carcass weight. Merinos will achieve weight/composition specifications at least equally well to crossbreds but will take longer with a likely increase in production costs.

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Anton, I., A. Zsolnai, L. Fesús, S. Kukovics, and A. Molnár. "Survey of ß-Lactoglobulin and α<sub>S1</sub>-Casein polimorpbisms in Hungarian dairy sheep breeds and crosses on DNA level (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 42, no. 4 (October 10, 1999): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-42-387-1999.

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Abstract. Beta-lactoglobulin (LGB) and the Welsh αS1-casein (αS1-casein D) types have been determined using PCR-RFLP tests in DNA isolated from blood samples collected from four dairy sheep breeds (Awassi, British Milk Sheep, Tsigaia, Lacaune), from Hungarian Merinos and from various crossbreeds (AwassixMerino) F1, (MerinoxLanghe) F1, (MerinoxPleven Blackhead) F1, (MerinoxPleven Blackhead ) F1x Black East Friesian). The following LGBA frequency values have been obtained: Awassi 0.3478; British Milk Sheep 0.6857; Tsigaia 0.5650; Lacaune 0.4730; Hungarian Merino 0.6767; (Awassix Merino) F1 0.4694; (MerinoxLanghe) F1 0.7777; (MerinoxPleven Blackhead) F1 0.5945; (MerinoxPleven Blackhead) F1 x Black East Friesian 0.6026. The Welsh αS1-casein variant was found in the Hungarian Merino breed only (4 homozygous and 16 heterozygous ewes). Plans for studies on the possible effects of these milk protein types, on milk yield and composition as well as on cheese making properties ofmilk and cheese yields are outlined.

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Geenty, K. G., F. D. Brien, G. N. Hinch, R. C. Dobos, G. Refshauge, M. McCaskill, A. J. Ball, et al. "Reproductive performance in the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus using artificial insemination across different sheep-production environments in southern Australia." Animal Production Science 54, no. 6 (2014): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11323.

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The present paper covers reproductive performance in an artificial-insemination (AI) program of the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus with 24 699 lambs born at eight locations in southern Australia across five lambings between 2007 and 2011. Results from AI with frozen semen compared well with industry standards for natural mating. Conception rates averaged 72%, and 1.45 lambs were born per ewe pregnant for Merino ewes and 1.67 for crossbreds. Lamb deaths averaged 21% for Merino ewes and 15% for crossbreds and 19%, 22% and 20% for lambs from ewes that were mated to terminal, Merino and maternal sire types, respectively. Net reproductive rates were 82% for Merino ewes and 102% for crossbreds. From 3198 necropsies across 4 years, dystocia and starvation-mismothering accounted for 72% of lamb deaths within 5 days of lambing. Major risk factors for lamb mortality were birth type (single, twin or higher order), birthweight and dam breed. Losses were higher for twin and triplet lambs than for singles and there was greater mortality at relatively lighter and heavier birthweights. We conclude that reproductive rate in this AI program compared favourably with natural mating. Lamb birthweight for optimum survival was in the 4–8-kg range. Crossbred ewes had greater reproductive efficiency than did Merinos.

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Dossybayev, Kairat, Aizhan Mussayeva, Bakytzhan Bekmanov, and Beibit Kulataev. "Analysis of Genetic Diversity in three Kazakh Sheep using 12 Microsatellites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24336.

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The genetic structure of three Kazakh sheep breeds was examined by using 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 144 alleles were detected from the 12 STR loci, with a mean value of 12.0. The highest allele diversity was found at the locus CSRD247 (16 alleles). PIC value showed that all studied STR markers are more informative and appropriate for genetic analysis of three Kazakh sheep populations. Beside of INRA006, all markers had high level of genetic variability. As Fixation index shows, the excess of the heterozygosity was observed only in loci MAF065. Obtained number of private alleles in Edilbai, Kazakh Arkhar Merino and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep were 25, 17 and 15 respectively. Genetic diversity was higher in Edilbai population than in other two populations. The genetic variability was lower in Kazakh Arkhar Merino sheep than in the Edilbai and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep breeds. The genetic distance was the largest between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos. Also, the moderate differentiation was observed between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos.

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Gardner, G. E., D. L. Hopkins, P. L. Greenwood, M. A. Cake, M. D. Boyce, and D. W. Pethick. "Sheep genotype, age and muscle type affect the expression of metabolic enzyme markers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 10 (2007): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07093.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether genotype, age (4, 8, 14 and 22 months), sex (ewe and wether) and muscle type influence ovine (n = 587) muscle metabolic characteristics. The genotypes represented were Poll Dorsetgrowth × Border Leicester Merino, Poll Dorsetgrowth × Merino, Poll Dorsetmuscling × Merino, Merino × Merino and Border Leicester × Merino. Between 4 and 22 months of age, myoglobin concentration within all muscles and all genotypes doubled, with the bulk of this response occurring between 4 and 8 months of age. Levels in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LT) and semimembranosus muscles were double those seen in the semitendinosus (ST) muscle, and Merinos had the lowest myoglobin concentrations of all genotypes. The other aerobic indicator, isocitrate dehydrogenase, had lower activity in the ST compared with the LT, was lower in 22-month-old sheep compared with all other ages, and decreased as selection for leanness increased. Both phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity tended to increase with age, were lower in the ST compared with the LT, and had higher activity in the Border Leicester × Merino sheep. The correlation between the percentage of total myofibre area comprising type 2X myofibres and metabolic markers was far higher for the oxidative indicators isocitrate dehydrogenase and myoglobin, which both decreased as relative area of type 2X fibres increased. However, the strongest correlations were with the relative area of type 2A myofibres, which were consistently high for both oxidative and glycolytic metabolic markers implying positive coregulation with both energy producing pathways.

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Hopkins, D. L., P. J. Walker, J. M. Thompson, and D. W. Pethick. "Effect of sheep type on meat and eating quality of sheep meat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 5 (2005): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03176.

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The effect of type of lambs and hoggets on eating quality was evaluated using the M. longissimus lumborum (LL) and the M. biceps femoris (BF) from 210 animals. The animals comprised 7 types as follows: Poll Dorset or White Suffolk × (Border Leicester × Merino) (second cross unweaned lambs, mixed sex, 3–5 months of age); Poll Dorset × (Border Leicester × Merino) (second cross weaned lambs, mixed sex, 9–12 months of age); Border Leicester × Merino (BLM; first cross weaned lambs, mixed sex, 9 months of age); Poll Dorset or White Suffolk × Merino (PDM; first cross weaned lambs, wethers, 12 months of age); Merino × Merino (weaned wether lambs, 9–12 months of age); Border Leicester × Merino (BLM; first cross hoggets, mixed sex, 20 months of age); and Poll Dorset or White Suffolk × Merino (PDM; first cross hoggets, wethers, 16 months of age). The animals were sourced from a number of different properties in New South Wales (NSW) (n = 120) and Victoria (n = 90). Each carcass was subjected to high voltage stimulation (700 V) within 1 h of slaughter. All meat was aged for 5 days before freezing and was subsequently tested by consumers on a 0–100 scale for a number of attributes after cooking using a grilling procedure. The LL from sucker lambs had the lightest colour (highest L* values) with the hoggets having the darkest colour in the NSW group with differences less apparent in the Victorian group. Muscle from first cross and Merino weaned lambs had consistently higher pH levels across the 3 muscles tested (LL; M. semimembranosus; M. semitendinosus) for the NSW group with no differences detected in the Victorian group. LL meat from second cross sucker and first cross (BLM and PDM) weaned lambs had the highest overall liking score, with that from second cross weaned lambs, BLM hoggets and Merino lambs scored as intermediate, while meat from the PDM hogget group had the lowest overall liking score. A similar outcome was found for the other sensory attributes with differences between types being lower for juiciness compared with overall liking scores but they were of a similar ranking. For the BF there was some re-ranking of the overall liking scores compared with the LL, with meat from suckers and first cross PDM lambs and hoggets being intermediate in score while second cross weaned lambs and first cross BLM lambs had the highest scores. The BF from hoggets (BLM) and Merino lambs were given the lowest scores. The lower juiciness score for sucker BF contributed to this change in ranking compared with the LL.

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Munn, Adam J., Yohannes Alemseged, Catharina Vendl, Mathew Stewart, and Keith Leggett. "Comparative daily energy expenditure and water turnover by Dorper and Merino sheep measured using doubly labelled water." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 4 (2016): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15083.

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Details of the energy (food) requirements of domestic herbivores are essential for predicting grazing pressures and subsequent ecological impacts on rangelands. However, these details are lacking for some of the more recently introduced sheep breeds to Australia, such as the Dorper breed sheep, which are principally meat sheep, and it is uncertain how they compare with the traditional Merino, a wool-breed, sheep. We used the doubly labelled water method to compare the field metabolic rate and water turnover rate of Dorpers and Merinos grazing together in a small holding paddock in a typical rangeland environment. We found no significant differences in field metabolic rate (Dorpers 481 ± 125 kJ and Merinos 500 ± 109 kJ kg–0.73 day–1) or water turnover rate (Dorpers 397 ± 57 mL and Merinos 428 ± 50 mL kg–0.8 day–1). As such we conclude that under controlled conditions with limited movement and ready access to feed and water, dry sheep equivalent of 1 is appropriate for Dorpers (that is, one Dorper ewe had a grazing requirement equal to one standard, dry Merino wether). However, we also found that the field metabolic rate for Merinos under these conditions was only around half that measured in published studies for animals ranging freely in a large paddock system. This suggests that more work is needed to fully appreciate the energetic and grazing impacts of Dorpers versus Merinos under more realistic grazing conditions (e.g. large paddock systems) where feed and water are more spread. It also highlights limitations of the current dry sheep equivalent rating system, which has been derived from laboratory measures of sheep metabolic rates.

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Pajor, F., E. Láczó, O. Erdős, and P. Póti. "Effects of crossbreeding Hungarian Merino sheep with Suffolk and Ile de France on carcass traits." Archives Animal Breeding 52, no. 2 (October 10, 2009): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-52-169-2009.

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Abstract. In this examination, Hungarian Merino (ram n=30, ewe n=30), Hungarian Merino × Ile de France F1, and Hungarian Merino × Suffolk F1 (ram n=15, ewe n=15) lambs were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on carcass characteristics and composition. We examined fattening performances and the following carcass traits: dressing percentage, weight of valuable carcass cuts, percentage of valuable meat, bone to meat ratio, and as well as meat conformation and fat cover (S/EUROP grading). In the present investigation, the weight at slaughter was fixed between 31–32 kg approximately, thus ensuring, weight would not affect carcass composition. Standardizing carcass weight allowed us to spot differences due to genotype and gender. The best results of fattening performance showed the Hungarian Merino × Ile de France F1 lambs (358 g/day). The tested crossed genotypes had not greatly influence dressing percentage and warm carcass weight, but the best percentage valuable carcass cuts had Hungarian Merino × Suffolk F1 (83.37 %). The best percentage of valuable meat presented (77.76 %) the Hungarian Merino × Ile de France F1 lambs. The best meat conformation and fat covered showed the Hungarian Merino × Suffolk F1 lambs. Hungarian Merinos showed less favourable results. To the summarising, the Suffolk and Ile de France improved the Hungarian Merino’s fattening performance, slaughter value and ability of market over 30 kg live weight, therefore there were both breeds suggest with crossing.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Merino sheep"

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Lee, Karen. "Reproductive management of semi-intensive Döhne merino ewes fed with different protein supplements." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072009-175647.

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Bray, Megan. "Regulation of wool and body growth : nutritional and molecular approaches." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8267.pdf.

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"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-164) Describes a series of novel experiments designed to enhance our understanding of nutrient utilisation for growth of wool and the whole body.

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Jaleta, Gemeda Duguma. "A genetic study of early growth traits and ewe productivity in merino sheep." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52079.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to investigate genetic parameters of early growth traits, lifetime ewe productivity (total number born, number weaned and weight weaned per ewe lifetime production) and testis measurements in the Merino flock maintained at the Tygerhoek Experimental Farm. Non-genetic fixed factors influencing these traits were evaluated by using appropriate models. The influence of non-genetic factors on preweaning lamb survival rate and the effect of scrotal circumference on ewe fertility was also studied. Fixed effect models were fitted to the data using either Procedure GLM or CATMOD in SAS (1996) depending on the parameters being estimated. Variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures, fitting an animal model. Records of 8310 lambs born from 2538 ewes and sired by 681 rams covering the period 1970 to 1998 were used in the analysis of birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and preweaning average daily gain (ADG). All three traits were affected (p < 0.001) by type of birth of lambs (single, multiple), sex, year of birth of lambs, group of animals (selection, control) and age of dam at lambing (2- to 6-yr old). Male lambs and singles were heavier both at birth and weaning and grew faster (p < 0.001) than females and multiples, respectively. Non-selected animals were lighter than selected animals at birth and weaning with an inferior growth rate. BW increased with increasing dam age at lambing until a maximum of 3.7 kg was reached at 6-yr of age. However, WW and ADG reached a maximum at 4.5- and 4.2-yr of age, respectively. Variance components for BW, WW and ADG were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures. Four different animal models were fitted, differentiated by including or excluding maternal effects. The direct heritability estimates (h") ranged from 0.19 to 0.38, 0.25 to 0.40 and 0.26 to 0.40 for BW, WW and ADG, respectively. Estimates of direct heritability (h") were substantially higher when maternal effects were ignored. The direct heritability (h") estimate for BW decreased from 0.38 to 0.19 when both or either of the maternal effects, genetic or environmental, were fitted in the model. The h2 estimate for WW was 0.36 when both maternal effects were ignored from the model and decreased to 0.29 and 0.25 when maternal effects were fitted. A similar trend was observed for ADG. The maternal heritability (rn-) for BW ranged from 0.38 to 0.41 when only maternal additive genetic effects were fitted in the model, and decreased to 0.25 and 0.27 when the maternal permanent environmental effect (c") was fitted. The m" for WW and ADG ranged from 0.02 to 0.11 and from 0.01 to 0.10, respectively. The respective c2 estimates ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 and from 0.02 to 0.09. Moderate negative genetic correlations (ram) between direct and maternal additive genetic effects were observed in BW, while close to zero estimates were obtained for WW and ADG. The direct additive genetic correlation estimates between BW and WW and BW and ADG were 0.16 and 0.04, respectively. The corresponding maternal additive genetic correlation estimates were 0.93 and 0.60. The direct and maternal additive genetic correlation estimates between WW and ADG were 0.99 and 0.85, respectively. Data of 3272 lambing records collected on 818 ewes born from 689 dams and sired by 371 rams were used in the evaluation of ewe lifetime productivity (total number born, number weaned and total weight weaned). These records were collected from ewes born from 1969 to 1994 and gave birth from 1971 to 1999. Year of birth of ewe and ewe two-tooth liveweight affected (p < 0.001) the ewe reproduction traits investigated. Multiple born ewes were superior both in total number of lambs born and weaned than singles. Heritability estimates of 0.23, 0.17 and 0.20 were obtained for total number of lambs born (TLB), total number of lambs weaned (TLW) and total weight of lambs weaned per ewe lambing over four lambing opportunities (TWW), respectively. For total weight weaned per ewe lambing over the first lambing opportunity (TWWl) a heritability estimate of 0.02 was computed. Genetic correlation estimates of -0.10, 0.57 and 1.00 were obtained between TWW1 and TLB, TWW1 and TLW and TWWl and TWW, respectively. High and positive genetic correlations ranging from 0.61 to 0.92 were estimated between ewe lifetime reproduction traits. Data from 1380 rams born from 1986 to 1998 were used to investigate genetic parameters for scrotal circumference (SC), testis diameter (TD) and two-tooth liveweight (LW). The other objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the effect of SC on ewe fertility. Year of birth, selection group and LW were significant (p < 0.001) sources of variation both for SC and TD. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.29 to 0.40, 0.25 to 0.38 and 0.49 to 0.52 for SC, TD and LW, respectively. Adjustment for LW decreased heritability estimates of SC and TD by 11.0 and 8.0 %, respectively. The genetic correlation between SC and TD was unity. Rams with larger SC had a significant effect on ewe fertility (ewes lambing per ewe mated). Average survival rate from birth to 100 days of age was 0.79 and was influenced by lamb birth weight, year of birth, age of dam at lambing, type of birth (single, multiple) and sex of lambs. Lambs with a liveweight between 4.0 to 4.9 kg at birth showed the highest survival rate while lambs with a liveweight of:s 2.0 kg showed the lowest survival rate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: '0 Genetiese studie van vroeë groei-eienskappe en ooiproduktiwiteit by Merinoskape: Die doel van die studie was om genetiese parameters VIr vroeë groei-eienskappe, ooileeftydsproduksie (totale aantal gebore, aantal gespeen en totale gewig gespeen) en testismaatstawwe in die Merinokudde van die Tygerhoek Navorsingstasie te beraam. Niegenetiese vaste effekte wat hierdie eienskappe beïnvloed, is met behulp van gepaste modelle geëvalueer. Die invloed van nie-genetiese faktore op voorspeense lamoorlewing en die invloed van skrotumomvang op ooivrugbaarheid is ook ondersoek. Vaste-effek modelle is, afhangende van die parameters wat beraam is, deur middel van of die GLM of CATMOD prosedures van SAS (1996) op die data gepas. Variansiekomponente is met behulp van die Beperkte Maksimum Aanneemlikheidsprosedure (REML), deur die passing van 'n dieremodel, beraam. Rekords van 8310 lammers wat tussen 1970 en 1998 van 2538 ooie gebore is en die nageslag van 681 ramme was, is vir die ontleding van geboortegewig (BW), speengewig (WW) en voorspeense daaglikse toename (ADG) gebruik. Al drie eienskappe is deur geboortestatus (enkeling, meerling), geslag, jaar van geboorte, groep (seleksie, kontrole) en ouderdom van die moeder met lamming (2- tot 6-jr oud) beïnvloed (p<0.001). Ramlammers en enkelinge was met beide geboorte en speen swaarder en het vinniger (p

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4

Paganoni, Beth Louise. "Increasing feed-on-offer to merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation can increase muscle and decrease fat, but does not affect the faecal worm egg count of their progeny." University of Western Australia, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0129.

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Ewes at two sites were fed to be either condition score 2 or 3 by Day 90 of pregnancy and then grazed on various levels of feed-on-offer (FOO) from Day 90 of pregnancy until weaning, to investigate whether nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation affected the muscle, fat and immunity to worms of their progeny. Eye muscle and fat depth at the C-site, and faecal worm egg counts (FWECs) of the progeny were measured between 7 - 27 months of age. Ewe condition score at day 90 of pregnancy did not impact largely on the eye muscle depth, fat depth or FWEC of the progeny. Increasing FOO available to ewes during the last 60 days of pregnancy and throughout lactation increased the eye muscle depth of progeny at one site and decreased the fat depth of progeny at the other site (P<0.05), but did not affect the majority of FWECs of the progeny at either site. The FWECs of the progeny were low, indicating a relatively low larval challenge, which limits the likelihood of differences in immunity to worms between the progeny being expressed. This Masters demonstrated that levels of nutrition available to Merino ewes typical of commercial grazing conditions had only small effects on the eye muscle and fat depth at the C-site, and on the faecal worm egg counts of their progeny

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Campbell, Angus John Dugald. "The effect of time of shearing on wool production and management of a spring-lambing merino flock /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003254.

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Auclair, Dyane. "Pubertal development in the merino ram lambs and immunization against oestrogens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha898.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 281-316. Presents investigations on pubertal development in South Australian merino ram lambs and examines the effect of active and passive immunizations against oestradiol-17ℓ or oestrone on testicular maturation.

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Hartman, Carina. "A mixed-model evaluation for growth and reproduction parameters in a SA mutton Merino flock." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01242003-092447.

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Chandrasekhar, Yallampalli. "Interactions between thyroid hormones and reproductive function in prepubertal and sexually mature merino rams /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4567.pdf.

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Steer, Zuni. "Merino Sheep Habitat Use in Canterbury High Country Tall Tussock Grasslands." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7270.

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Summary 1. The goals of this thesis were to determine whether Merino sheep use habitat at random. Specifically, this research was undertaken to identify areas of intensive use, determine daily activity patterns, explore habitat use between activities, between sheep, define home ranges and to explore the influence of weather on habitat use. 2. Sixteen Merino ewes were monitored using GPS collars recording locations every 15 minutes. A weather station was set up at 1380 m a.s.l. to record weather variables at the study site. 3. Merino ewes do not select and utilise habitat in proportion to its availability. Short tussock grassland was preferentially selected for despite having a low occurrence. Overall, ewes selected habitat that was within 400 metres of a water source, on slopes less than 30° and preferred easterly habitat. 4. Merino ewes utilised different habitat for different activities. The day was divided into grazing, resting and night camping, as determined from hourly movement, backed up by 10 days of visual observations. Grazing occurred mostly on flat to low slopes in short tussock grassland. Resting occurred mostly on the riverbed or on surrounding short tussock grassland. Night camping occurred at higher altitudes (~ 100 m higher) than the resting sites and was on steeper slopes, partly due to the U-shaped nature of the valley. Night camping occurred in tall tussock grassland and native mix habitat. Several night camps were used while a smaller number of grazing sites were used. 5. Sheep differed in their individual habitat use. Two sheep were explorers, one crossing the river to occupy adjacent land, and one sheep moved out of the original study area, passing through a narrow rocky gap. Some sheep stayed close to the main mobs, while others spread out in small groups. 6. Home ranges were affected by the presence of large mobs; those sheep in the main mob had smaller home ranges than those in smaller groups. Home ranges were also smaller in areas of higher quality forage. 7. Weather variables did affect sheep habitat use with rain having the most influence. One cold, wet, windy day resulted in sheep being less active while occupying the middle of the fan, so displayed a preference for grazing and resting at higher altitude than normal. Temperatures and wind had little effect on sheep habitat use.

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Sandenbergh, Lise. "Identification of SNPs associated with robustness and greater reproductive success in the South African merino sheep using SNP chip technology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97093.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reproduction and robustness traits are integral in ensuring sustainable, efficient and profitable sheep farming. Increases in genetic gain of reproduction and robustness traits are however, hampered by low heritability coupled with the difficulty in quantification of these traits for traditional selective breeding strategies. The aim of the current study was therefore to identify genomic regions underlying variation in reproduction traits and elucidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) and/or genes associated with reproductive traits. The Elsenburg Merino flock has been divergently selected for the ability to raise multiple offspring and has resulted in a High and a Low line that differ markedly with regard to reproductive output and other robustness traits. The flock thus served as an ideal platform to identify genomic regions subject to selection for reproductive traits. To pinpoint genomic regions subject to selection, a whole-genome genotyping platform, the OvineSNP50 chip, was selected to determine the genotype of more than 50 000 SNPs spread evenly across the ovine genome. The utility of the OvineSNP50 chip was determined for the Elsenburg Merino flock as well as additional South African Merino samples and three other important South African sheep breeds, the Blackheaded Dorper, South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) and the Namaqua Afrikaner. Although genotyping analysis of the Elsenburg Merino flock indicated some signs of poor genotype quality, the overall utility of the genotype data were successfully demonstrated for the South African Merino and the other two commercial breeds, the Dorper and SAMM. Genotyping results of the Namaqua Afrikaner and possibly other indigenous African breeds may be influenced by SNP ascertainment bias due to the limited number of indigenous African breeds used during SNP discovery. Analysis of pedigree, phenotypic records and SNP genotype data of the Elsenburg Merino cohort used in the current study, confirmed that the lines are phenotypically as well as genetically distinct. Numerous putative genomic regions subject to selection were identified by either an FST outlier approach or a genomic scan for regions of homozygosity (ROH) in the High and Low lines. Although annotated genes with putative roles in reproduction were identified, the exact mechanism of involvement with variation in reproduction traits could not be determined for all regions and genes. Putative ROH overlapped with QTL for several reproduction, milk, production and parasite resistance traits, and sheds some light on the possible function of these regions. The overlap between QTL for production and parasite resistance with putative ROH may indicate that several, seemingly unrelated traits add to the net-reproduction and may have been indirectly selected in the Elsenburg Merino flock. A SNP genotyping panel based solely on reproduction traits may therefore be ineffective to capture the variation in all traits influencing reproduction and robustness traits. A holistic selection strategy taking several important traits, such as robustness, reproduction and production into account may as such be a more effective strategy to breed animals with the ability to produce and reproduce more efficiently and thereby ensure profitable and sustainable sheep farming in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Reproduksie- en gehardheids-eienskappe is noodsaaklik om volhoubare, doeltreffende en winsgewende skaapboerdery te verseker. ‘n Toename in genetiese vordering in reproduksie- en gehardheids-eienskappe word egter bemoeilik deur lae oorerflikhede tesame met die probleme in kwantifisering van hierdie eienskappe vir tradisionele selektiewe diereteelt strategieë. Die doel van die huidige studie was dus om gebiede in die genoom onderliggend tot variasie in reproduksie-eienskappe te identifiseer en die rol van verwante kwantitatiewe eienskap loki (KEL) en/of gene met reproduktiewe eienskappe te bepaal. Die Elsenburg Merinokudde is uiteenlopend geselekteer vir die vermoë om meerlinge groot te maak en het gelei tot 'n Hoë en 'n Lae lyn wat merkbaar verskil ten opsigte van reproduksie-uitsette en ander gehardheids-eienskappe. Die kudde het dus gedien as 'n ideale platform om genomiese areas onderhewig aan seleksie vir reproduksie-eienskappe te identifiseer. Om vas te stel waar genomiese areas onderhewig aan seleksie gevind kan word, is ‘n heel-genoom genotiperingsplatform, die OvineSNP50 skyfie, gekies om die genotipes van meer as 50 000 enkel nukleotied polimorfismes (ENPs) eweredig versprei oor die skaap genoom, te bepaal. Die nut van die OvineSNP50 skyfie is bepaal vir die Elsenburg Merinokudde sowel as addisionele Suid-Afrikaanse Merinos en drie ander belangrike Suid-Afrikaanse skaaprasse, die Swartkop Dorper, Suid-Afrikaanse Vleismerino (SAVM) en die Namakwa Afrikaner. Hoewel genotipe resultate van die Elsenburg Merino kudde sommige tekens van swak genotipe gehalte getoon het, kon die algehele nut van die genotipering resultate vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Merino en die ander twee kommersiële rasse, die Dorper en SAVM, bevestig word. Genotipering resultate van die Namakwa Afrikaner en moontlik ook ander inheemse Afrika rasse kan deur ENP vasstellingspartydigheid beïnvloed word as gevolg van die beperkte aantal inheemse Afrika rasse gebruik tydens ENP ontdekking. Ontleding van stamboom inligting, fenotipe rekords en ENP genotipe data van die Elsenburg Merino-kohort gebruik in die huidige studie, het bevestig dat die lyne fenotipies asook geneties verskil. Talle vermeende genomiese areas onderhewig aan seleksie is geïdentifiseer deur 'n FST uitskieter benadering of deur ‘n genomiese skandering vir gebiede van homogositeit (GVH) in die Hoë en Lae lyne. Hoewel geannoteerde gene met potensiële rolle in reproduksie geïdentifiseer is, kan die presiese meganisme van betrokkenheid by variasie in reproduksie-eienskappe nie bevestig word vir al die gebiede en gene nie. Vermeende GVH oorvleuel met KEL vir 'n paar reproduksie-, melk-, produksie- en parasietweerstand-eienskappe, en werp daarom lig op die moontlike funksie van hierdie gebiede. Die oorvleueling tussen KEL vir produksie en parasietweerstand met vermeende GVH kan daarop dui dat 'n hele paar, skynbaar onverwante, eienskappe bydrae tot net-reproduksie, wat indirek geselekteer mag wees in die Elsenburg Merino-kudde. ‘n ENP genotiperingspaneel uitsluitlik gebaseer op reproduksie-eienskappe mag daarom onvoldoende wees om die variasie in alle eienskappe wat betrekking het op reproduksie- en gehardheids-eienskappe, in te sluit. ‘n Holistiese seleksie strategie wat verskeie belangrike eienskappe, soos gehardheid, reproduksie en produksie in ag neem, mag ‘n meer effektiewe strategie wees om diere te teel met die vermoë om in 'n meer doeltreffende manier te produseer en reproduseer en om daardeur winsgewende en volhoubare skaapboerdery in Suid-Afrika te verseker.

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Books on the topic "Merino sheep"

1

Chambers, Doug. The Merino saga. Columbia, Mo: Sheep Breeder and Sheepman Magazine, 1988.

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Lee, Timothy. Wanganella and the merino aristocrats. Richmond, Vic: Hardie Grant Books, 2011.

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W, Morley Frederick H., University of Sydney. Post-Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science., and University of Sydney. Post-Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science., eds. Merinos, money & management. Sydney South NSW, Australia: Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 1994.

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Arrascaeta, Eliana de. La raza merino en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Asociación Argentina Criadores de Merino, 1998.

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Blanco, Luis San Valentín. De la trashumancia del ganado merino: Desde nuestros puertos de la sierra de la demanda, hasta las dehesas de Extremadura y Andalucía. Burgos: Publicaciones de la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Burgos, 1985.

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Hewat, Tim. Golden fleeces II: The Murdoch years at Boonoke. Sydney: Bay Books, 1987.

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Taylor, Vera C. Winton Merino Stud 1835-1985: A brief history of the Winton Merino Stud and the lives of the Taylor men who skilfully bred them for 150 years. Geelong, Vic: Neptune Press, 1985.

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Norris, R. T. Survey of post-weaning management, growth and mortality of Merino weaners. Perth: Western Australia, Department of Agriculture, 1986.

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Peter, Taylor. Springfield: The story of a sheep station. Sydney: Allen Unwin, 1987.

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Pedro, García Martín, Sánchez Benito José María, and Spain. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Secretaría General Técnica., eds. Contribución a la historia de la trashumancia en España. [Madrid]: Secretaría General Técnica, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Merino sheep"

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Czeglédi, Levente, Krisztina Pohóczky, Gabriella Gulyás, Beáta Soltész, and András Jávor. "Proteome analysis of muscles longissimus dorsi of Hungarian Merino and Tsigai sheep breeds." In Farm animal proteomics, 123–25. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-751-6_28.

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Kaulfuß, Karl-Heinz, Reinhard Süß, Paul Schenk, Elke Berger, and Eberhard von Borell. "Hypothalamic and Ovarian Response to Pheromone Application in Seasonal Anoestrous German Mutton Merino Sheep." In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 9, 377–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0671-3_51.

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Bain, A., Rahman, W. Kurniawan, A. Napirah, P. D. Isnaeni, F. M. Pancar, K. G. Wiryawan, and B. Tangendjaja. "Growth performance and nutrient digestibility characteristics of high tannin forage (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) in Merino sheep receiving rumen microbe from Kaligesing goats." In Technological Innovations in Tropical Livestock Development for Environmental Sustainability and Food Security, 111–17. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003468943-18.

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"merino sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.10071.

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"Argentine merino sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.644.

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"∞saxony merino sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.14251.

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"American merino sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.424.

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"merino volosh sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.10074.

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"australian merino sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.817.

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"silesian merino sheep." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.14855.

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Conference papers on the topic "Merino sheep"

1

YuLDAShBAEV, Yusupzhan, Abdulmuslim ABDULMUSLIMOV, and Abdusalam HOZhOKOV. "Zootechnical characteristics of the dagestan mountain breed when perfecting with sheep of the Russian meat merino." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-146-151.

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Almasi, F., M. Khansefid, H. Nguyen, A. Desai, J. E. Pryce, and M. Stear. "148. Repeatability estimates of grazing and rumination activity of Merino sheep measured using wearable sensors." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_148.

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Trukhachev, Vladimir, Sergei Oliinyk, Tatyana Lesnyak, and Nikolay Zlyidnev. "Application of unmanned aerial vehicles for remote estimation of pasture fertility while growing Dzhalginsky Merino sheep." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n465.

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Margawati, Endang Tri, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Herman Willem Raadsma, Slamet Diah Volkandari, and Indriawati. "The polymorphisms determination of the FecG/PstI and FecX/HinfI genes in Indonesian backcross sheep (75% Merino ×25% Garut)." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUROSCIENCE AND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY (ICONSATIN 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118413.

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Anam, MK, C. Hanim, and LM Yusiati. "Feed Intake and Feed Digesbility of Male Merino Sheep with Adding Mahagany Leaves (Swietania mahagoni) as a Source of Tannins in Feed." In 9th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220207.016.

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Vial-Edwards, C., B. Guelorget, Manuel Francois, Ignacio Lira, and M. Mnzenmayer. "Determination of forming limits of sheet metals by speckle interferometry." In Merida - DL Tentative, edited by R. Rodriguez-Vera and F. Mendoza-Santoyo. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.611711.

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Weckenmann, Albert A., P. Gall, and A. Gabbia. "3D surface coordinate inspection of formed sheet material parts using optical measurement systems and virtual distortion compensation." In Merida - DL Tentative, edited by R. Rodriguez-Vera and F. Mendoza-Santoyo. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.611842.

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Wickramaarachchi, Wathsala H., Shantha Walpalage, and Shantha M. Egodage. "Development of a Competitive Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Roofing Sheet from Natural Rubber and High-Density Polyethylene." In 2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon52712.2021.9525658.

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Naqvi, S. S. H. "Scattering from a strip grating placed on a multilayer dielectric sheet." In International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Society, Merging Technologies for the 90's. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.1990.115133.

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Abu-Farha, Fadi. "Reverse Bulging in Hydro/Pneumatic Sheet Metal Forming Operations: Is it Worth It?" In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34285.

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The merits of warm and elevated temperature hydro/pneumatic sheet metal forming operations, most prominently superplastic and quick plastic forming, have been ever counteracted by two major drawbacks: slow forming rates and non-uniform thickness distribution with potentially severe thinning. Trying to resolve one of the two issues has generally led to escalating the other, so a compromise based on the nature of the part being formed is often targeted. To tackle the latter of the two issues, imposing a pre-thinning reverse bulging step has been shown to ease the problem with specific part geometries that involve large plastic strains and intricate details. The aerospace industry, however, is the prime sector that is able to afford the “seemingly” prolonged forming times associated with this approach. Yet with the lack of adequate details on the implications of utilising reverse bulging, this effort explores some of the hidden merits of the approach. A recently-developed simple monitoring technique for providing a direct feedback on the sheet’s advancement during pneumatic forming operations, coupled with an interrupted testing methodology, are utilised to have a closer look at the process. The results reveal significant time-savings that can be achieved with the proper use of reverse bulging, for both simple and complex part geometries.

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Reports on the topic "Merino sheep"

1

Dimitrova, Ivona, Milena Bozhilova-Sakova, Maya Ignatova, and Nikolay Petrov. Polymorphism of FABP3 Gene in Some Merino and Local Sheep Breeds in Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.05.18.

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Dimitrova, Ivona, Milena Bozhilova-Sakova, Maya Ignatova, Tanya Ivanova, Veselin Koutev, and Margarit Iliev. Identification of Polymorphisms in the Growth Differentiating Factor 9 (GDF9) of Three Merino Sheep Breeds in Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.12.18.

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Gootwine, Elisha, David Thomas, Ruth Braw-Tal, Amir Bor, and P. J. Dziuk. Improvement of Prolificacy of Israeli and U.S. Sheep Breeds through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino-Stage II. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604931.bard.

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The purposes of this project were: 1) to introduce the FecB gene to the Awassi and Assaf breeds in Israel and the Rambouillet breed in the U.S.A. aiming in the long run to establish Awassi, Assaf and Rambouillet nucclei breeding flocks homozygous for the F gene in which the contribution of the Booroola Merino genetic background will be less than 10%; (In the U.S., Booroola crosses with Suffolk and Targhee were also studied. 2) to evaluate the effect of the FecB gene and different proportions of Booroola Merino genetic background on lamb survival, growth, milk production and wool production in Booroola crosses with the native breeds; 3) to reveal the specific effect of the FecB gene on ovarian development, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin secretion in prepubertal ewe lambs and in adult ewes in order to define physiological criteria for distinguishing carriers of the FecB allele from non-carriers and 4) to identify genetic markers linked to the FecB gene to assist in selection of genotypes within the Booroola crosses. Introgression of the Booroola gene reached the stage of the third backcross in the Awassi, Assaf and the Rambouillet crosses. In all cases the Booroola crosses were superior in prolificacy. However, they were inferior in comparison to the local breeds in production due to Booroola Merino genes other than the FecB. It is expected that the beneficial economic contribution of the Booroola gene will increase along with the upgrading to the local breeds. FSH plasma levels and induced ovulation rate of 5 month old FecB carriers among the crossbreeds. The OarAE101 marker can assist in detecting FecB carriers among Booroola-Awassi crosses. However, this marker is informative only in some of the families.

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Thomas, David L., Elisha Gootwine, P. J. Dziuk, Amir Bor, Harris A. Lewin, and Ruth Braw-Tal. Improvement of Prolificacy of US and Israeli Sheep Populations through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7568085.bard.

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.

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