Journal articles: 'Merging and separation'

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JAIN, DEEPAK, N. PANCHAPAKESAN, S. MAHAJAN, and V. B. BHATIA. "CONSTRAINTS ON GALAXY EVOLUTION THROUGH GRAVITATIONAL LENSING STATISTICS." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 01 (January 10, 2000): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300000074.

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Explaining the formation and evolution of galaxies is one of the most challenging problems in observational cosmology. Many observations suggest that galaxies we see today could have evolved from the merging of smaller subsystems. Evolution of galaxies tells us how the mass or number density of the lens varies with cosmic time. Merging between the galaxies and the infall of surrounding mass into galaxies are two possible processes that can change the comoving number density of galaxies and/or their mass. We consider five different evolutionary models of galaxies. These models are: Non-evolutionary model, Guiderdoni and Volmerange model, fast merging, slow merging and mass accretion model. We study the gravitational lens image separation distribution function for these models of evolving galaxies. A comparison with data for lensed quasars taken from the HST snapshot survey rules out the fast merging model completely as this model produces a large number of small-separation lenses. It is possible that the mass accretion model and the non-evolutionary model of galaxies may be able to explain the small angle separations.

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Parra, L. C., and C. V. Alvino. "Geometric source separation: merging convolutive source separation with geometric beamforming." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 10, no. 6 (September 2002): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2002.803443.

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Hachisu, Izumi, and Mariko Kato. "Critical Mass for Merging in Double White Dwarfs." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100100053.

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We examine whether or not double white dwarfs are ultimately merging into one body. It has been argued that such a double white dwarf system forms from some intermediate-mass binary stars and will merge due to the gravitational radiation which decreases the separation of binary. After filling the inner critical Roche lobe, the less massive component begins to transfer its mass to the more massive one. When the mass transfer rate exceeds a some critical value, a common envelope is formed. If the common envelope is hydrostatic, the mass transfer is tuned up to be a some value which depends only on the white dwarf mass, radius, and the Roche lobe size. The mass transfer from the less massive to the more massive components leads the separation to increase. On the other hand, the gravitational radiation effect reduces the separation. Which effect wins determines the fate of double white dwarfs, that is, whether merging or not merging. Since the formula of the gravitational radiation effect is well known, we have studied the mass accretion rate in common envelope phase of double white dwarfs assuming the Roche lobe size is as small as 0.03 R⊙ or 0.1 R⊙.

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Wang, Kuiwu, Qin Zhang, and Xiaolong Hu. "Label GM-PHD Filter Based on Threshold Separation Clustering." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010070.

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Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filtering based on random finite set (RFS) is an effective method to deal with multi-target tracking (MTT). However, the traditional GM-PHD filter cannot form a continuous track in the tracking process, and it is easy to produce a large number of redundant invalid likelihood functions in a dense clutter environment, which reduces the computational efficiency and affects the update result of target probability hypothesis density, resulting in excessive tracking error. Therefore, based on the GM-PHD filter framework, the target state space is extended to a higher dimension. By adding a label set, each Gaussian component is assigned a label, and the label is merged in the pruning and merging step to increase the merging threshold to reduce the Gaussian component generated by dense clutter update, which reduces the computation in the next prediction and update. After pruning and merging, the Gaussian components are further clustered and optimized by threshold separation clustering, thus as to improve the tracking performance of the filter and finally realizing the accurate formation of multi-target tracks in a dense clutter environment. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can form a continuous and reliable track in dense clutter environment and has good tracking performance and computational efficiency.

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Shan, Xiaopeng, Geng Guan, and Deming Nie. "Numerical study on the boiling heat transfer induced by two heated plates." Thermal Science 24, Suppl. 1 (2020): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci20257s.

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A two-phase lattice Boltzmann method was used to numerically study the boiling heat transfer related to the liquid-vapor transition induced by two heated plates. The effects of the gravity force as well as the separation between the heated plates were examined. The focus is on the bubble departure behavior resulting from the interaction between bubbles, which can be roughly classified into four types of pat?tern according to the separation between plates. In particular, it is shown that the bubble merging may take place twice in one cycle when the separation is close to a certain value. This is referred to as the pattern of alternation of bubble merging before and after departure, for which a sudden jump is seen in the bubble release period. Furthermore, the heat flux and the flow features are also shown to illustrate the behavior of heat transfer in the present system.

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Shan, Xiaopeng, Geng Guan, and Deming Nie. "Numerical study on the boiling heat transfer induced by two heated plates." Thermal Science 24, Suppl. 1 (2020): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci20s1257s.

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A two-phase lattice Boltzmann method was used to numerically study the boiling heat transfer related to the liquid-vapor transition induced by two heated plates. The effects of the gravity force as well as the separation between the heated plates were examined. The focus is on the bubble departure behavior resulting from the interaction between bubbles, which can be roughly classified into four types of pat?tern according to the separation between plates. In particular, it is shown that the bubble merging may take place twice in one cycle when the separation is close to a certain value. This is referred to as the pattern of alternation of bubble merging before and after departure, for which a sudden jump is seen in the bubble release period. Furthermore, the heat flux and the flow features are also shown to illustrate the behavior of heat transfer in the present system.

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Notargiacomo, LouAnna, Barbara T. Blaustein, and Catherine D. McCollum. "Merging Models: Integrity, Dynamic Separation of Duty and Trusted Data Management1." Journal of Computer Security 3, no. 2-3 (April 1, 1995): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcs-1994/1995-32-306.

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Li, Linjie, Wuchao Zhang, Zihe Gao, and Liangwen Wei. "Experimental study on the flame merging and ceiling impingement behavior of transversely located double fire sources in an urban utility tunnel." Indoor and Built Environment 32, no. 1 (January 2023): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x221147427.

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The investigation of the fire characteristics and propagation behaviour in the urban utility tunnel is of great practical importance, especially for the conditions with double fire sources. In this work, a 1/8th scaled urban utility tunnel model was built to conduct the experiments to characterize the flame merging and ceiling impingement behaviour of transversely located double fire sources. Two rectangular fire sources with the same dimension were used, and their heat release rate (HRR) and fire source spacings were varied to consider the typical scenarios. Results show that for the smaller HRR, the tunnel ceiling and sidewalls have little influence on the flame merging of double fire sources. With the increase of HRR, the flame gradually impinges on the tunnel ceiling and forms a stable ceiling jet flame extension, and the ceiling and sidewalls of the tunnel can promote the merging of the flames of the double fire sources. Besides, with the increase of the fire source spacings, the flame merging probability P m can be divided into three stages, that is, (i) complete merging stage, (ii) intermittent merging stage and (iii) complete separation stage. On this basis, the predicting relation of P m was obtained by using the piecewise function.

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Holland, Steven M. "Diversity and tectonics: predictions from neutral theory." Paleobiology 44, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2018.2.

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AbstractNumerical simulations of neutral metacommunities are used here to predict the effects of growth and shrinkage of metacommunities, as well as their separation and merging caused by continental collision and rifting and their secondary eustatic effects. Although growth and shrinkage of metacommunities predictably change diversity, separating and merging metacommunities have counterintuitive effects. Separating and merging metacommunities change diversity within the individual areas, especially so for smaller areas, but they cause no change in total diversity of the system, contrary to previous predictions. The response times of metacommunities are likely to be geologically undetectable except for enormously large systems. These models can be used to predict the plate-tectonic effects on the diversity of terrestrial, coastal-marine, deep-marine, and oceanic-island systems. Of these, global and regional coastal-marine systems are the most acutely sensitive to the changes in area and fragmentation caused by plate tectonics. Oceanic-island systems also experience global and regional changes in diversity during supercontinent breakup and assembly, with the global effects driven by the changing length of volcanic arcs, and the regional effects also driven by secondary eustatic changes in shallow-marine area. Although individual terrestrial provinces or continents may experience substantial changes in diversity from rifting and collision, global terrestrial diversity should be unchanged except for the relatively modest contributions caused by the secondary eustatic effects on land area. These changes in diversity may be reinforced or counteracted by the changing latitudinal position of metacommunities.

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Lian, Liping, Xu Mai, Weiguo Song, Jun Zhang, Kwok Kit Richard Yuen, and Eric Wai Ming Lee. "Characteristics of merging behavior in large crowds." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac42cb.

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Abstract Merging pedestrian flow can be observed often at public intersections and locations where two or more channels merge. Because of restrictions on the flow, pedestrian congestion, or even crowd disasters (e.g. Hajj crush 2015) happen easily at these junctions. However, studies on merging behaviors in large crowds remain rare. This paper investigates the merging characteristics of the pedestrian flow with controlled experiments under laboratory conditions. The formation of lanes is observed, and the lane separation width can vary for different density levels. Shannon entropy is used to analyze the utilization of the passage. The space usage in the merging area is most efficient when the width of the two branches is half that of the main corridor. Furthermore, the branch and main channel can mutually bottleneck each other in the large crowds and the flowrates for the upstream, downstream and branches are investigated. This study uses spatiotemporal diagrams to explore the clogging propagation of the merging flow as well as the relationship of the velocity and position. The results can be used as references for the design of public infrastructure and human safety management.

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Liu, Hao-Yan, Yuqing Wang, and Jian-Feng Gu. "Intensity Change of Binary Tropical Cyclones (TCs) in Idealized Numerical Simulations: Two Initially Identical Mature TCs." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 78, no. 4 (April 2021): 1001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0116.1.

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AbstractThis study investigates the intensity change of binary tropical cyclones (TCs) in idealized cloud-resolving simulations. Four simulations of binary interaction between two initially identical mature TCs of about 70 m s−1 with initial separation distance varying from 480 to 840 km are conducted in a quiescent f-plane environment. Results show that two identical TCs finally merge if their initial separation distance is within 600 km. The binary TCs presents two weakening stages (stages 1 and 3) with a quasi-steady evolution (stage 2) in between. Such intensity change of one TC is correlated with the upper-layer vertical wind shear (VWS) associated with the upper-level anticyclone (ULA) of the other TC. The potential temperature budget shows that eddy radial advection of potential temperature induced by large upper-layer VWS contributes to the weakening of the upper-level warm core and thereby the weakening of binary TCs in stage 1. In stage 2, the upper-layer VWS first weakens and then restrengthens with relatively weak magnitude, leading to a quasi-steady intensity evolution. In stage 3, due to the increasing upper-layer VWS, the nonmerging binary TCs weaken again until their separation distance exceeds the local Rossby radius of deformation of the ULA (about 1600 km), which can serve as a dynamical critical distance within which direct interaction can occur between two TCs. In the merging cases, the binary TCs weaken prior to merging because highly asymmetric structure develops as a result of strong horizontal deformation of the inner core. However, the merged system intensifies shortly after merging.

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Saragih, Christina Mahdalena, Sonya Airini Batubara, Martin Johan Napitupulu, Nico Iryanto Sihombing, and Novita Wanrelin Gultom. "Analisis Hukum Terhadap Penggabungan Dan Pemisahan Perkara Pidana Dalam Surat Dakwaan Penuntut Umum." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.309.

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This article aims to analyze the consideration of the public prosecutor in merging and separating indictments for several criminal cases and to find out the obstacles of the public prosecutor in merging and separating indictments against several criminal cases. The research used is normative juridical research. With secondary research methods, namely secondary legal materials, which consist of books and articles related to research (both in the form of newspapers, magazines, journals, and other writings). The data obtained are then analyzed qualitatively by describing and describing the data and facts resulting from a research in the field with an interpretation, evaluation, and general knowledge. In the results of this study, the merger of indictments against several criminal cases is Article 141 of the Criminal Procedure Code which reads: "Public prosecutors can merge cases and make them into one indictment". Meanwhile, for the separation of the indictment, there is Article 142 of the Criminal Procedure Code which reads: "In the event that the Public Prosecutor receives a case file containing several criminal acts committed by several suspects which are not included in the provisions of Article 141"

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Greggio, Laura, Paolo Simonetti, and Francesca Matteucci. "On the delay times of merging double neutron stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 1755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3312.

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ABSTRACT The merging rate of double neutron stars (DNS) has a great impact on many astrophysical issues, including the interpretation of gravitational waves signals, of the short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and of the chemical properties of stars in galaxies. Such rate depends on the distribution of the delay times (DDT) of the merging events. In this paper, we derive a theoretical DDT of merging DNS following from the characteristics of the clock controlling their evolution. We show that the shape of the DDT is governed by a few key parameters, primarily the lower limit and the slope of the distribution of the separation of the DNS systems at birth. With a parametric approach, we investigate on the observational constraints on the DDT from the cosmic rate of short GRBs and the europium-to-iron ratio in Milky Way stars, taken as tracer of the products of the explosion. We find that the local rate of DNS merging requires that $\sim \! 1 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of neutron stars progenitors live in binary systems which end their evolution as merging DNS within a Hubble time. The redshift distribution of short GRBs does not yet provide a strong constraint on the shape of the DDT, although the best-fitting models have a shallow DDT. The chemical pattern in Milky Way stars requires an additional source of europium besides the products from merging DNS, which weakens the related requirement on the DDT. At present both constraints can be matched with the same DDT for merging DNS.

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Sanford, Nicole, Jennifer C. Whitman, and Todd S. Woodward. "Task-merging for finer separation of functional brain networks in working memory." Cortex 125 (April 2020): 246–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.014.

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A. C. A. Bayrakdar, Tahani, Fady Nahra, Oihane Zugazua, Lies Eykens, Dominic Ormerod, and Steven P. Nolan. "Improving process efficiency of gold-catalyzed hydration of alkynes: merging catalysis with membrane separation." Green Chemistry 22, no. 8 (2020): 2598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00498g.

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LEPTOUKH, GREGORY, BOWE STRICKLAND, and CHRISTOPHER ROLAND. "PHASE SEPARATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUID MIXTURES IN THE DISSIPATIVE REGIME." Modern Physics Letters B 10, no. 13 (June 10, 1996): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499600064x.

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The phase separation of two-dimensional fluid mixtures was investigated with Molecular Dynamics simulations. The behavior of both single-component and binary mixtures as a function of temperature, volume fraction and average fluid density was studied. Binary systems with a size mismatch were also considered. In all cases, the diffusive coalescence of clusters is the primary mechanism of growth. In binary systems, the shape transformations of merging droplets induce important long-range flows at high volume fractions.

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Silbar, Richard R., and T. Goldman. "A mesonic analog of the deuteron." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 12 (December 2014): 1450091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314500918.

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Using the LAMP model for nuclear quark structure, we calculate the binding energy and quark structure of a B meson merging with a D meson. Our variational calculation shows that a molecular, deuteron-like state structure changes rather abruptly, as the separation between the two mesons decreases, and at a separation of about 0.14 fm, the hadronic system transforms into a four-quark bound state, although one maintaining an internal structure rather than that of a four-quark "bag." Unlike the deuteron, pion exchange does not provide any contribution to the ≈ 150 MeV binding.

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Pellone, C., and A. Rowe. "Effect of Separation on Partial Cavitation." Journal of Fluids Engineering 110, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243532.

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Partially cavitating flow around a hydrofoil in a confined two-dimensional flow is presented. The calculation method, based on the singularities technique combined with a minimisation method, is adapted to open configurations. With this extension, cavity wakes not necessarily merging with the upper-side of the foil can be treated. In the case of subcavitating flow, a boundary layer calculated is made, indicating a separation point downstream of which the flow becomes separated. In this area, an imaginary streamline (wake) is introduced to simulate the effect of separation. The choice of different forms of wake clearly shows the influence of wake form on the value of results. The process is extended to the case of cavitating flow for wakes developing behind the cavity. The method is applied to a test cavitating hydrofoil placed in a tunnel. Several cavity wakes progressively diverging from the foil were tested. The results obtained, compared with experimental results, show the great importance of achieving more accurate modelling of flow conditions behind cavities.

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O’Leary, Joseph A., Benjamin P. Moster, and Eva Krämer. "emerge: constraining merging probabilities and time-scales of close galaxy pairs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 5646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab889.

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ABSTRACT Theoretical models are vital for exploring the galaxy merger process, which plays a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies. Recent advances in modelling have placed tight constraints on the build-up of stellar material in galaxies across cosmic time. Despite these successes, extracting the merger rates from observable data remains a challenge. Differences in modelling techniques, combined with limited observational data, drive conflicting conclusions on the merging time-scales of close pairs. We employ an empirical model for galaxy formation that links galaxy properties to the growth of simulated dark matter haloes, along with mock light-cone galaxy catalogues, to probe the dependences of pair merging probabilities and merging time-scales. In this work, we demonstrate that the pair merging probabilities are best described by a logistic function and that mean merging time-scales can be well approximated by a linear relation in the projected separation and line of sight velocity difference in observed pairs. Together, our fitting formulas can accurately predict merger rates from galaxy pairs to at least z ∼ 4 under a wide variety of pair selection criteria. Additionally, we show that some commonly used pair selection criteria may not represent a suitable sample of galaxies to reproduce underlying merger rates. Finally, we conclude from our analysis that observation time-scales are primarily driven by dynamics and are not strongly impacted by the star formation properties of the component galaxies.

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Zhang, Yang-Wei, Yang Huang, Jin-Ming Bai, Xiao-Wei Liu, Jian-guo Wang, and Xiao-bo Dong. "A Systematic Search for Dual AGNs in Merging Galaxies (Astro-daring): III: Results from the SDSS Spectroscopic Surveys." Astronomical Journal 162, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1ce7.

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Abstract As the third installment in a series systematically searching dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) among merging galaxies, we present the results of 20 dual AGNs found by using the SDSS fiber spectra. To reduce the flux contamination from both the fiber aperture and seeing effects, the angular separation of two cores in our merging galaxy pairs sample is restricted at least larger than 3″. By careful analysis of the emission lines, 20 dual AGNs are identified from 61 merging galaxies with their two cores both observed by the SDSS spectroscopic surveys. 15 of them are identified for the first time. The identification efficiency is about 32.79% (20/61), comparable to our former results (16 dual AGNs identified from 41 merging galaxies) based on the long-slit spectroscopy. Interestingly, two of the 20 dual AGNs show two prominent cores in radio images and their radio powers show they as the radio-excess AGNs. So far, 31 dual AGNs are found by our project and this is the current largest dual AGN sample, ever constructed with a consistent approach. This sample, together with more candidates from ongoing observations, is of vital importance to study the AGN physics and the coevolution between the supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.

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Pan, Linqiang, Artiom Alhazov, and Tseren-Onolt Isdorj. "Further remarks on P systems with active membranes, separation, merging, and release rules." Soft Computing 9, no. 9 (July 17, 2004): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-004-0399-y.

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Ilchenko, M. E., A. V. Moshinskaya, and L. A. Urywsky. "Levels separation and merging in the OSI reference model for information–telecommunication systems." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 47, no. 4 (July 2011): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-011-9340-4.

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Gao, Y., and P. M. Solomon. "CO Observations of Luminous IR Galaxy Mergers." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 186 (1999): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900112756.

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Luminous starbursts are observed to occur mostly as a result of a collision/merger in gas-rich galaxies, and most luminous infrared galaxies (LIGs) are indeed gas-rich mergers. In order to determine the relationship between the IR and molecular gas properties and the galaxy-galaxy interactions, we study LIG mergers in the intermediate merging process. We have observed nearly 20 LIG mergers and together with the CO data in the literature, we have found a correlation between the CO luminosity, LCO, and the projected separation of merger nuclei, RSep, in > 50 LIG mergers. The correlation suggests the molecular content is decreasing as merging advances and is better established with ~ 40 LIG mergers excluding ultraluminous ones, which resembles more a volume-limited, statistically complete sample of LIG mergers. In addition, an anti-correlation between LIR/LCO (the measure of star formation efficiency, SFE) and RSep is evident. One interpretation is that the molecular gas content of LIG mergers is being rapidly depleted due to the merger-induced starbursts and the increase of SFE as merging progresses.

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Alhazov, Artiom, and Tseren-Onolt Ishdorj. "Bio-inspired Membrane Operations in P Systems with Active Membranes." Triangle, no. 6 (June 28, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle6.19-28.

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In this paper we define a general class of P systems covering some biological operations with membranes, including evolution, communication, and modifying the membrane structure, and we describe and formally specify some of these operations: membrane merging, membrane separation, membrane release. We also investigate a particular combination of types of rules that can be used in solving the SAT problem in linear time.

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Petrichenko, Mihail R., and Ol’ga A. Solov’yova. "Merging and splitting flows in a tee: the Pavlovsky method." Vestnik MGSU, no. 11 (November 2020): 1546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.11.1546-1555.

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Introduction. The Pavlovsky method is employed to consider the flows that merge and split inside a tee. Materials and methods. The problem of flows, merging and splitting inside a simple straight tee, is reduced to the problem of limits in a theory of functions applied to the characteristic function of a flow. The influence of the geometric parameter of a tee (a module), head losses and an external power source, produced on the flow rate coefficient in a tee, is identified in the work. Results. The co-authors identified a relation between the geometric parameters of a tee and its capacity in case of an isoenergetic flow and an external mechanical power supply. Conclusions. As for practical tasks, it is sufficient to reproduce a pentagon, stylizing a simple straight tee, on a strip having a ledge, while preserving the correspondence of points of polygons. The following conclusions are made: dissipation does not reduce the flow rate coefficient when flows merge, neither does it reduce the flow rate coefficient when flows split; minimum values of flow rate coefficient q = Q0/Q1 in case of merging flows are attained in the absence of dissipation, and they do not exceed the maximum value of the flow rate coefficient in case of splitting flows is attained in the absence of dissipation and it is not less than dissipation in a tee is explained by the flow separation from the vertex of angle B when flows merge and by the flow separation from the vertex of angle C when flows merge. Hydraulic losses do not reduce flow rate coefficient q = q+ when flows merge and do not increase flow rate coefficient q = q– when flows split. flow rate coefficient q+ goes down if a source of external mechanical power (a pump) is connected to a tee when flows merge; if flows split, the flow rate coefficient goes up and varies within the 1 < q– < 2 interval, and it doesn’t go up if q– > 2.

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INAISHI, Masaaki, Hayato KONDO, Masaki KONDO, and Akira KAWAGUCHI. "Simulation of Merging and Separation of Ship Clusters Using a Ship Cluster Behavior Model." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 114 (2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.114.9.

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Voshkin, Andrey, Vitaliy Solov’ev, Mikhail Kostenko, Yulia Zakhodyaeva, and Oleg Pokrovskiy. "A Doubly Green Separation Process: Merging Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Extraction." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040727.

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Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) is a green separation technique which uses mixtures of water and environmentally benign polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solvents. One of the challenges in implementing this extraction on an industrial scale is finding a suitable method for the isolation of target compounds from water-polymer solutions after the extraction, without diminishing ecological benefits of the method. In this paper, we propose using another green separation technique, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), for the back-extraction of low molecular weight medium polarity compounds from ATPE solutions. Experiments with two model compounds, caffeine and benzoic acid, showed principal applicability of SFE for this task. Pressure (100–300 bar) and temperature (35–75 °C) of supercritical carbon dioxide play a major role in defining extraction capability. Extraction ratios of 35% for caffeine and 42% for benzoic acid were obtained at high fluid pressure and moderate temperature at 1:6 volume phase ratio. That gives an estimation of 10–20 theoretical steps required for complete exhaustive extraction from the ATPE solution, which is readily achievable in standard counter-current column SFE. Combining these two green methods together not only serves as an environmentally friendly method for the isolation of valuable low molecular weight compounds from diluted water solutions, but also allows for simple, energy effective recuperation of ATPE solvents.

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Rosanov, N. N. "The Electric Area of a Pulse upon Separation and Merging of Charges in Vacuum." Optics and Spectroscopy 128, no. 4 (April 2020): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x20040177.

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Lopez, R. E., R. Bruntz, and K. Pham. "Linear separation of orthogonal merging component and viscous interactions in solar wind-geospace coupling." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 119, no. 9 (September 2014): 7566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014ja020153.

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Kitron, David G. "D. W. Winnicott, André Green, and Rosemary Dinnage: Some Thoughts on the Interplay of Transitional Objects and Object Destruction." Psychoanalytic Review 108, no. 3 (September 2021): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2021.108.3.277.

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In this paper, the author attempts to arrive at a comprehensive outline of Winnicott's developmental theory. This theory encompasses the infant's emergence from total dependence and subject/object merging to what the author refers to as relative independence and relative subject/object separation (in Winnicott's words, “separation that is a not a separation but a form of union” [1971a, p. 98]). This conceptualization is based mainly on an amalgam of Winnicott's two well-known papers, on transitional objects and phenomena (1953) and on the use of an object (1969). The author also refers to André Green's notions of the importance of the negative and of the “dead mother” in reference to Winnicott's work. To demonstrate the clinical implications of the paper, the author discusses in detail the case of Rosemary Dinnage, as described by both Winnicott and Green and as reported directly by herself.

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McCallum, David. "‘Merging’ the Aboriginal population: Welfare, justice, power and the separation of Aboriginal children in Victoria." Health Sociology Review 15, no. 1 (April 2006): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/hesr.2006.15.1.29.

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Mészáros, Attila, and Jakub Řípa. "Gamma-ray bursts: A brief survey of the diversity." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S346 (August 2018): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000036.

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AbstractThe separation of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into short/hard and long/soft subclasses, respectively, is well supported both theoretically and observationally. The long ones are coupled to supernovae type Ib/Ic - the short ones are connected to the merging of two neutron stars, where one or even both neutron stars can be substituted by black holes. These short GRBs - as merging binaries - can also serve as the sources of gravitation waves, and are observable as the recently detected macronovae. Since 1998 there are several statistical studies suggesting the existence of more than two subgroups. There can be a subgroup having an intermediate durations; there can be a subgroup with ultra-long durations; the long/soft subgroup itself can be divided into two subclasses with respect to the luminosity of GRBs. The authors with other collaborators provided several statistical studies in this topic. This field of the GRB-diversity is briefly surveyed in this contribution.

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Mezcua, M., A. P. Lobanov, E. Mediavilla, and M. Karouzos. "When disks collide: major and minor mergers in disk galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S304 (October 2013): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314004347.

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AbstractWe present the surface brightness profile fitting of a sample of double nucleus disk galaxies, minor merger candidates. We have decomposed these systems into two compact nuclear components and one or two extended galaxy disk components and estimated the luminosity of the primary and secondary nucleus and of the host galaxy and the separation between the two nuclei. Based on the ratio of nuclear luminosities we find that most of the sources qualify as major mergers despite their initial classification as minor merging systems. This is supported by the finding that 65% of the host galaxies are fitted only by one galaxy disk and that the luminosity of both the primary and the secondary nucleus decreases with decreasing nuclear separation, as expected from simulations of disk galaxy mergers. All these results indicate that these sources are most plausibly in the post-merger state of a major merger event. We also identify 19 candidates to binary active nucleus with nuclear separation ≤1 kpc.

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Weaver, Gary R., and Linda Klebe Trevino. "Normative And Empirical Business Ethics: Separation, Marriage Of Convenience, Or Marriage Of Necessity?" Business Ethics Quarterly 4, no. 2 (April 1994): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857485.

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Abstract:This paper outlines three conceptions of the relationship between normative and empirical business ethics, views we refer to as parallel, symbiotic, and integrative. Parallelism rejects efforts to link normative and empirical inquiry, for both conceptual and practical reasons. The symbiotic position supports a practical relationship in which normative and/or empirical business ethics rely on each other for guidance in setting agenda or in applying the results of their conceptually and methodologically distinct inquiries. Theoretical integration countenances a deeper merging of prima facie distinct forms of inquiry, involving alterations or combinations of theory, metatheoretical assumptions, and methodology. This paper explicates these positions, summarizes arguments for and against each, and considers their implications for the future of business ethics research.

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Massetti, S. "Antiparallel magnetic merging signatures during IMF <i>B<sub>Y</sub></i>>>0: longitudinal and latitudinal cusp aurora bifurcations." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 8 (September 13, 2006): 2299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2299-2006.

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Abstract. A prominent dayside auroral event, occurred during an IMF BY-dominated time interval, and characterized by the contemporaneous longitudinal and latitudinal cusp bifurcations, is reported. The event was recorded the 19 December 2002, between about 09:30–10:45 UT, by the ITACA2 twin auroral monitors system, in the Greenland-Svalbard zone. The splitting of the ionospheric footprint of the geomagnetic cusp, traced by the dayside auroral activity, was recently identified with the signatures of antiparallel reconnection episodes ongoing at different magnetopause locations, during large IMF BY periods. The first part of the event showed a broad longitudinal bifurcation of the red-dominated cusp aurora, displaced in the prenoon and postnoon, with a separation up to ~1800 km, during northeast directed IMF (clock-angle rotating from 45° to 90°). This observation widens the range of IMF regimes that are known to drive a longitudinal bifurcation of the cusp, since previous case-studies reported these events to occur during southeast/southwest oriented IMF (clock-angle ≈135°). The second part of the event, developed when the IMF turned to a nearly horizontal orientation (BY>>0, BZ~0, clock-angle ~90°), and exhibited the simultaneous activation of the cusp auroras in three distinct areas: i) two of them associated to the above-mentioned longitudinally bifurcated cusp (~73°–75° CGM latitude, type 1 cusp aurora), and linked to (near)antiparallel magnetic reconnection patches equatorward the northern and the southern cusp, ii) the other one characterized by isolated high-latitude (~76°–77° CGM latitude, type 2 cusp aurora) rayed arc(s) with intense green emission, and triggered by (near)antiparallel merging at the northern lobe (usually observed during positive IMF BZ), poleward the local cusp. During this phase, the longitudinal separation of the low-latitude type~1 cusp aurora was about 1000 km wide, with a 500 km gap, while the latitudinal separation between low- (type 1) and high-latitude (type 2) cusp auroras, in the postnoon, was about 270–280 km at its maximum. The longitudinal gap, corresponding to a zone with weak auroral emission, was found to likely map to the component reconnection region at the subsolar magnetopause. The magnetic merging topology that can be drawn on the basis of the reported cusp auroras support the idea of a "mixed" merging scheme, with (near)antiparallel reconnection at high-latitudes, and component reconnection in the subsolar region, as recently proposed by other authors.

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Uversky, Vladimir N. "Recent Developments in the Field of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Intrinsic Disorder–Based Emergence in Cellular Biology in Light of the Physiological and Pathological Liquid–Liquid Phase Transitions." Annual Review of Biophysics 50, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-062920-063704.

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This review deals with two important concepts—protein intrinsic disorder and proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). The past 20 years have seen an upsurge of scientific interest in these phenomena. However, neither are new discoveries made in this century, but instead are timely reincarnations of old ideas that were mostly ignored by the scientific community for a long time. Merging these concepts in the form of the intrinsic disorder–based biological liquid–liquid phase separation provides a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of PMLO biogenesis.

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Forster, Kyle J., Sammy Diasinos, Graham Doig, and Tracie J. Barber. "Large eddy simulation of transient upstream/downstream vortex interactions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 862 (January 9, 2019): 227–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.949.

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Experimentally validated large eddy simulations were performed on two NACA0012 vanes at various lateral offsets to observe the transient effects of the near field interactions between two streamwise vortices. The vanes were separated in the streamwise direction, allowing the upstream vortex to impact on the downstream geometry. These vanes were evaluated at an angle of incidence of $8^{\circ }$ and a Reynolds number of 70 000, with rear vane angle reversed to create a co-rotating or counter-rotating vortex pair. The downstream vortex merged with the upstream in the co-rotating condition, driven by the suppression of one of the tip vortices of the downstream vane. At close proximity to the pressure side, the vane elongated the upstream vortex, resulting in it being the weakened and merging into the downstream vortex. This produced a transient production of bifurcated vortices in the wake region. The downstream vortex of the co-rotating pair experienced faster meandering growth, with position oscillations equalising between the vortices. The position oscillation was determined to be responsible for statistical variance in the merging location, with variation in vortex separation causing the vortices at a single plane to merge and separate in a time-dependent manner. In the counter-rotating condition position oscillations were found to be larger, with higher growth, but less uniform periodicity. It was found that the circulation transfer between the vortices was linked to the magnitude of their separation, with high separation fluctuations weakening the upstream vortex and strengthening the downstream vortex. In the case of upstream vortex impingement on the downstream vane, the upstream vortex was found to bifurcate, with a four vortex system being formed by interactions with the shear layer. This eventually resulted in a single dominant vortex, which did not magnify its oscillation amplitudes as it travelled downstream due to the destruction of the interacting vortices.

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Guainazzi, Matteo, Alessandra De Rosa, Stefano Bianchi, Bernd Husemann, Tamara Bogdanovic, Stefanie Komossa, Nora Loiseau, et al. "An XMM–Newton study of active–inactive galaxy pairs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab808.

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ABSTRACT While theory and simulations indicate that galaxy mergers play an important role in the cosmological evolution of accreting black holes and their host galaxies, samples of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in galaxies at close separations are still small. In order to increase the sample of AGN pairs, we undertook an archival project to investigate the X-ray properties of an SDSS-selected sample of 32 galaxy pairs with separations ≤150 kpc containing one optically identified AGN, which were serendipitously observed by XMM–Newton. We discovered only one X-ray counterpart among the optically classified non-active galaxies, with a weak X-ray luminosity (≃ 5 × 1041 erg s−1). 59 per cent (19 out of 32) of the AGNs in our galaxy pair sample exhibit an X-ray counterpart, covering a wide range in absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity (5 × 1041–2 × 1044 erg s−1). More than 79 per cent of these AGNs are obscured (column density NH > 1022 cm−2), with more than half thereof (i.e. about 47 per cent of the total AGN sample) being Compton-thick. AGN/no-AGN pairs are therefore more frequently X-ray obscured (by a factor ≃1.5) than isolated AGNs. When compared to a luminosity and redshift-matched sample of bona fide dual AGN, AGN/no-AGN pairs exhibit one order-of-magnitude lower X-ray column density in the same separation range (>10 kpc). A small sample (4 objects) of AGN/no-AGN pairs with sub-pc separation is all heavily obscured, driving a formal anticorrelation between the X-ray column density and the galaxy pair separation in these systems. These findings suggest that the galactic environment has a key influence on the triggering of nuclear activity in merging galaxies.

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LE DIZÈS, STÉPHANE, and ALBERTO VERGA. "Viscous interactions of two co-rotating vortices before merging." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 467 (September 24, 2002): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002001532.

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The viscous evolution of two co-rotating vortices is analysed using direct two-dimensional numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations. The article focuses on vortex interaction regimes before merging. Two parameters are varied: a steepness parameter n which measures the steepness of the initial vorticity profiles in a given family of profiles, and the Reynolds number Re (between 500 and 16 000). Two distinct relaxation processes are identified. The first one is non-viscous and corresponds to a rapid adaptation of each vortex to the external (strain) field generated by the other vortex. This adaptation process, which is profile dependent, is described and explained using the damped Kelvin modes of each vortex. The second relaxation process is a slow diffusion phenomenon. It is similar to the relaxation of any non-Gaussian axisymmetrical vortex towards the Gaussian. The quasi-stationary solution evolves on a viscous-time scale toward a single attractive solution which corresponds to the evolution from two initially Gaussian vortices. The attractive solution is analysed in detail up to the merging threshold a/b ≈ 0.22 where a and b are the vortex radius and the separation distance respectively. The vortex core deformations are quantified and compared to those induced by a single vortex in a rotating strain field. A good agreement with the asymptotic predictions is demonstrated for the eccentricity of vortex core streamlines. A weak anomalous Reynolds number dependence of the solution is also identified. This dependence is attributed to the advection–diffusion of vorticity towards the hyperbolic points of the system and across the separatrix connecting these points. A Re1/3 scaling for the vorticity at the central hyperbolic point is obtained. These findings are discussed in the context of a vortex merging criterion.

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Shibuya, Kengo, Haruo Saito, Hideaki Tashima, and Taiga Yamaya. "Using inverse Laplace transform in positronium lifetime imaging." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 025009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac499b.

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Abstract Positronium (Ps) lifetime imaging is gaining attention to bring out additional biomedical information from positron emission tomography (PET). The lifetime of Ps in vivo can change depending on the physical and chemical environments related to some diseases. Due to the limited sensitivity, Ps lifetime imaging may require merging some voxels for statistical accuracy. This paper presents a method for separating the lifetime components in the voxel to avoid information loss due to averaging. The mathematics for this separation is the inverse Laplace transform (ILT), and the authors examined an iterative numerical ILT algorithm using Tikhonov regularization, namely CONTIN, to discriminate a small lifetime difference due to oxygen saturation. The separability makes it possible to merge voxels without missing critical information on whether they contain abnormally long or short lifetime components. The authors conclude that ILT can compensate for the weaknesses of Ps lifetime imaging and extract the maximum amount of information.

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Huang, Xiangdong, Xukang Jin, and Haipeng Fu. "Short-Sampled Blind Source Separation of Rotating Machinery Signals Based on Spectrum Correction." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9564938.

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Nowadays, the existing blind source separation (BSS) algorithms in rotating machinery fault diagnosis can hardly meet the demand of fast response, high stability, and low complexity simultaneously. Therefore, this paper proposes a spectrum correction based BSS algorithm. Through the incorporation of FFT, spectrum correction, a screen procedure (consisting of frequency merging, candidate pattern selection, and single-source-component recognition), modifiedk-means based source number estimation, and mixing matrix estimation, the proposed BSS algorithm can accurately achieve harmonics sensing on field rotating machinery faults in case of short-sampled observations. Both numerical simulation and practical experiment verify the proposed BSS algorithm’s superiority in the recovery quality, stability to insufficient samples, and efficiency over the existing ICA-based methods. Besides rotating machinery fault diagnosis, the proposed BSS algorithm also possesses a vast potential in other harmonics-related application fields.

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Spies, J. J., H. Du Plessis, N. P. Barker, and S. M. C. Van Wyk. "Cytogenetic studies in the genus Chaetobromus (Poaceae: Arundineae)." Genome 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 646–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-096.

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The genus Chaetobromus consists of four, somewhat ill defined species. Morphological merging and the existence of intermediates render the separation of these species difficult. A basic chromosome number of x = 6 for Chaetobromus is substantiated by the presence of diploid specimens. The genus forms a polyploid complex, ranging from diploid to duodecaploid. Polyploidy occurs in the form of segmental alloploidy and occasionally as alloploidy. Meiotic abnormalities, in the form of univalents during metaphase I and anaphase laggards, were observed in some specimens. A cancerous growth form, involving the merging of different cells and the subsequent fusion of their nuclei, has been observed in two specimens, Spies 3366 and CW1. No apparent explanation could be found for this uncontrolled increase in ploidy level during microsporogenesis. Extensive morphological, anatomical, and cytogenetical variation exists in the genus, indicating hybridization and polyploidization. Numerical analysis of morphological data obtained from the specimens studied indicates two groups. Cytogenetic evidence supports the numerical analysis. In an attempt to resolve the contributor species to this polyploid hybrid swarm, attention should be given to the diploid representatives of the putative progenitor species.Key words: Chaetobromus, hybridization, meiosis, numerical taxonomy, polyploidy.

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Hu, Cheng Jun, Yuan Zheng, and Han Bo Zhao. "Periodic Signal Detection in Ship Radiated Noise." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1577.

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Periodic signal is abundant in ship radiated noise. Its detection is an important step towards active control of ship’s acoustic signature. Based on power spectrum analysis and DEMON analysis, an approach to detect line spectrum and modulation spectrum of ship radiated noise is proposed. Periodogram method is used for power spectrum estimation. The separation of line and continuous spectrum, false positive removal, and line spectrum merging are conducted to improve the quality of detected characteristic line spectrum. Via DEMON analysis, steady physical characteristics including propeller’s rotational speed and number of blades are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by simulation results.

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Deterala, Sophia, Alex Owen, Feng Su, Philip Bamber, and Ian Stronach. "“Hello Central, Give Me Doctor Jazz”: Auto/Ethnographic Improvisation as Educational Event in Doctoral Supervision." Qualitative Inquiry 24, no. 4 (October 11, 2017): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800417728957.

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Through exchanges within a doctoral supervision, the authors explore a range of dilemmas and challenges for reflexive inquiry. These include the problematic business of naming, the impossibility of objective separation of self from research, the merging of researcher subjectivities, and differences between performance and performativity. We note the educational potential in what can conventionally be considered “unprofessional” approaches to qualitative inquiry: neologisms, personal experience, stories, conversations, music, poetry, paintings, and film. We engage in reflexive interactions with each other and with such “data.” This was undertaken in the spirit of jazz improvisation—an unrehearsed performance—something that “happened,” an unplanned educational event but also an agency enabled by structure.

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Hanami, H. "ASCA Study of Shaplay Supercluster." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900115244.

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We observed five clusters of galaxies in Shapley supercluster with ASCA; A3562, SC13290-313, SC1327-312, A3558 and A3556, which are candidates for interacting clusters since their separation and relative velocities are only 1Mpc and 700-1000km/s (e.g. Raychaudhury et al. '91, Breen et al. '94, Scaramella et al. '89). Main purpose of mapping observations is to make clear the formation and evolution process of the clusters of galaxies in a supercluster. ASCA gives essential informations of ICM like the temperature distribution related to the dynamics; the interactions due to the infalling and merging events. They are important tests for observational cosmology (e.g. Hanami '93).

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Hasan, M. A. Z. "The flow over a backward-facing step under controlled perturbation: laminar separation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 238 (May 1992): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112092001642.

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The flow over a backward-facing step with laminar separation was investigated experimentally under controlled perturbation for a Reynolds number of 11000, based on a step height h and a free-stream velocity UO. The reattaching shear layer was found to have two distinct modes of instability: the ‘shear layer mode’ of instability at Stθ ≈ 0.012 (Stθ ≡ fθ/UO, θ being the momentum thickness at separation and f the natural roll-up frequency of the shear layer); and the ‘step mode’ of instability at Sth ≈ 0.185 (Sth ≡ fh/U0). The shear layer instability frequency reduced to the step mode one via one or more stages of a vortex merging process. The perturbation increased the shear layer growth rate and the turbulence intensity and decreased the reattachment length compared to the unperturbed flow. Cross-stream measurements of the amplitudes of the perturbed frequency and its harmonics suggested the splitting of the shear layer. Flow visualization confirmed the shear layer splitting and showed the existence of a low-frequency flapping of the shear layer.

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Lai, J. C. S., and A. Nasr. "Two parallel plane jets: Comparison of the performance of three turbulence models." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 212, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954410981532351.

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There have been many investigations in the literature to examine the performance of different turbulence models in predicting flow over backward-facing steps where the flow is bounded by solid boundaries. However, the evaluation of different turbulence models in predicting free shear layers with no solid boundaries, such as two parallel plane jets, is limited. In this paper, the velocity field of two parallel plane jets with a small nozzle separation ratio of s/ w = 4:25 determined by laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) is first presented. These experimental results are used to examine the performance of three turbulence models (i.e. k - ɛ, RNG k - ɛ and Reynolds stress) in predicting this flow field. The effects of computational domain size, grid resolution and different discretization schemes on the predictions are discussed. The existence of a recirculation flow region, a merging region and a combined region in the two parallel plane jet configuration has been predicted qualitatively by all three turbulence models. On the other hand, quantitative agreement between predictions and measurements varied by as much as 18 per cent for the merging length while the jet spread in the outer shear layer has been substantially under- predicted by all three models.

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Putri, Audini Nifira, and I. Putu Gede Hendra Suputra. "Hijaiyah Letter Segmentation Using Connected Component Labeling Method." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 9, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v09.i02.p12.

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Arabic letters or Hijaiyah letters recognition is a challenge in itself because one letter consists of more than one character, namely the main character, companion character such as dots and lines, and punctuation called harakat. The image segmentation process is the most important in a character recognition system because it affects the separation of objects in an image. In this research, Hijaiyah letter segmentation aims to separate the letters according to the character of each letter using the Connected Component Labeling (CCL) method. Merging labels on each character will be done by looking for the Euclidean distance value from adjacent centroids. The experiment succeeded in segmenting each Hijaiyah character with an accuracy value of 86%.

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Wu, Qing, Xue Jun Liu, Xiao Bei Wang, and Yan Xiang Yang. "Structural and Fluid Flow Analysis of X-Style Blade Static Mixing Device." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 3072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.3072.

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A static mixing device with X-style blade structure is designed, and internal structure is described in this paper. Fluid flows through sparse X-style blade static mixing unit, and dense X-style blade static mixing unit. The fluid is subjected impact, separation, circumfluence and merging, and the mixing effects are augmented, and the applicable scope of the mixing device can be widened, and mixing can be more efficient, and structural size can be reduced. The actual turbulent flow inside the mixing units of the static mixing device will be taken into account. The paper can provide foundations for structural improvement, parameters design and optimization of X-style blade static mixing device.

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Pedrueza-Villalmanzo, Esteban, Francesco Pineider, and Alexandre Dmitriev. "Perspective: plasmon antennas for nanoscale chiral chemistry." Nanophotonics 9, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0430.

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AbstractPlasmon nanoantennas are extensively used with molecular systems for chemical and biological ultra-sensing, for boosting the molecular emissive and energy transfer properties, for nanoscale catalysis, and for building advanced hybrid nanoarchitectures. In this perspective, we focus on the latest developments of using plasmon nanoantennas for nanoscale chiral chemistry and for advancing molecular magnetism. We overview the decisive role nanoplasmonics and nano-optics can play in achieving chirally selective molecular synthesis and separation and the way such processes might be precisely controlled by potentially merging chirality and magnetism at the molecular scale. We give our view on how these insights might lead to the emergence of exciting new fundamental concepts in nanoscale materials science.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Merging and separation'

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