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Journal articles on the topic 'Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Arenholt-Bindslev, D. "Dental Amalgam— Environmental Aspects." Advances in Dental Research 6, no. 1 (September 1992): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374920060010501.

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Increasing knowledge about the risk of toxic effects caused by anthropogenic mercury accumulation in ecosystems has resulted in a growing pressure for reduction of the discharge of mercury waste. Consequently, the mercury waste problems of dental clinics have been given increased attention, and restrictions on handling and discharge of contaminated waste have been established in several countries. Major amalgam particles from trituration surplus of those produced during the carving and burnishing of new amalgam restorations are generally collected in coarse filters and sold for refinement. Minor amalgam particles released by production of new fillings or by removal of old restorations partly sediment in tubes and drains. The remaining particles are carried with the waste water stream to the local purifying plant. In Scandinavia, the industrial discharge of mercury-contaminated waste water has been reduced to a minimum. According to recent investigations, dental clinics appear to be responsible for the major amount of mercury collected in the sludge generated in purifying plants. If threshold values for heavy metal content, including mercury, are exceeded, the sludge is not allowed to be recycled as fertilizer. Installation of an approved amalgam-separating apparatus in dental clinics is now mandatory in several countries-for example, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark. Approval of amalgam separators is based on national testing programs, including clinical or laboratory tests demanding 95-99% separating efficiency.

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2

Fedotov, A. P., V. T. Komov, Yu G. Tatsiy, and N. R. Mashyanov. "Mercury in Biosphere: Environmental and Geochemical Aspects." Limnology and Freshwater Biology, no. 3 (2022): 1245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2022-a-3-1245.

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<publication_date media_type='online'> <year>2022</year> </publication_date> <pages> <first_page>1244</first_page> <last_page>1244</last_page> </pages> <doi_data> <doi>10.31951/2658-3518-2022-A-3-1244</doi> <resource>http://limnolfwbiol.com/index.php/LFWB/article/view/957</resource> </doi_data> </journal_article>  <journal_article publication_type='full_text'> <titles> <title>Distribution of mercury in the system water-suspended matter-bottom sediments of Lake Onega (NW Russia)</title> </titles> <contributors> <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>V.I.</given_name> <surname>Malov</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Akad. Koptyug Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>V.D.</given_name> <surname>Strahovenko</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Akad. Koptyug Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>N.A.</given_name> <surname>Belkina</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Alexander Nevsky Pr., Petrozavodsk, 185030, Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>N.V.</given_name> <surname>Kulik</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Alexander Nevsky Pr., Petrozavodsk, 185030, Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>N.A.</given_name> <surname>Efremenko</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Alexander Nevsky Pr., Petrozavodsk, 185030, Russia;</organization> </contributors> Abstract. For the first time for Lake Onega, the lateral distribution of gross mercury in the water-suspended matter and bottom sediments system was revealed. Regularities in vertical distribution of gross mercury in two types of bottom sediments were established. The average content of mercury in water is 0.321 g/L; in the material of sediment traps - 0.621 g/g; in the upper and lower parts of bottom sediments - 0.067 g/g and 0.034 g/g, respectively.

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3

Clear, R., and S. Berman. "Environmental and Health Aspects of Lighting: Mercury." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 23, no. 2 (July 1994): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1994.10748088.

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4

Leonhäuser, J., M. Röhricht, I. Wagner-Döbler, and W. D. Deckwer. "Reaction Engineering Aspects of Microbial Mercury Removal." Engineering in Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 2006): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200620904.

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5

Nott, Babu R. "Intercomparison of stack gas mercury measurement methods." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189795.

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6

Barbosa, A. C., A. A. Boischio, G. A. East, I. Ferrari, A. Gonçalves, P. R. M. Silva, and T. M. E. da Cruz. "Mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental and occupational aspects." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189660.

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7

Schroeder, W. H., G. Keeler, H. Kock, P. Roussel, D. Schneeberger, and F. Schaedlich. "International field intercomparison of atmospheric mercury measurement methods." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189713.

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8

Wang, J., Z. Xiao, and O. Lindqvist. "On-line measurement of mercury in simulated flue gas." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 1217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189785.

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9

Forte, Reynaldo, Jeffrey V. Ryan, Travis P. Johnson, and Peter H. Kariher. "The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Mercury Measurement Toolkit: An Introduction." Energy & Fuels 26, no. 8 (July 17, 2012): 4643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef3001949.

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10

Brown, Richard J. C., Andrew S. Brown, Rachel E. Yardley, Warren T. Corns, and Peter B. Stockwell. "A practical uncertainty budget for ambient mercury vapour measurement." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 10 (March 2008): 2504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.012.

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11

Lai, Soon-Onn, Jiaoyan Huang, Philip K. Hopke, and Thomas M. Holsen. "An evaluation of direct measurement techniques for mercury dry deposition." Science of The Total Environment 409, no. 7 (March 2011): 1320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.12.032.

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12

Sholupov, S. E., V. V. Ryzhov, S. E. Pogarev, and N. R. Mashyanov. "Automatic monitors for direct continuous mercury measurement in ambient air, hydrocarbon, and industrial gases." Limnology and Freshwater Biology, no. 3 (2022): 1349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2022-a-3-1349.

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Abstract. Mercury (Hg) has various sources of natural and anthropogenic emissions, can be transferred for a long distance in the atmosphere, and accumulate in deponent media and food chains. Due to its toxicity, mercury is considered a global pollutant. The Minamata Convention on Mercury (Articles 19 and 22) stipulates mercury monitoring to obtain information on the environmental cycle, transport, deposition, transformation, and fate of mercury and mercury compounds in various ecosystems. The developed monitors based on Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry allow the fully automatic real-time determination of mercury in such different media as ambient air, industrial, and process gases.

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13

Pokhilyuk, Natalia V., and Anatoly L. Gorbachev. "Ethnic aspects of toxic elements in the Russian Northeast." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-1-58-66.

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One of the urgent problems of ecology is the environmental pollution of the northern regions with toxic elements and their negative impact on human health. The analysis of the content of lead, cadmium and mercury in the body of aboriginal and visiting residents of the Northeast of Russia was carried out. The balance of essential (calcium, zinc) and toxic (lead, cadmium) elements was considered. Statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium and lead in aboriginal residents and Caucasians were noted. Among the Evens, the median of cadmium exceeded that of the Koryaks, Chukchis, and Caucasoids; the value of the median of lead among the Chukchis was lower compared to that in other ethnic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the content of mercury between Koryaks, Evens and Chukchis, as well as between aboriginal residents and Caucasians. There are no critical levels of mercury in the body of aborigines. The median mercury in the hair of the Koryaks, Chukchis and Evens did not exceed the biologically acceptable level - 0.5 µg/g. Among aboriginal residents, the highest percentage of samples with mercury content in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 µg/g (background level) was noted in 33.8% of Evens and 30% of Koryaks; among the Chukchi, this figure was 8.6%. Elevated levels of mercury in some aboriginal people may be due to the high proportion of fish and seafood containing methylmercury in the diet. The proportions of toxic metals (Pb, Cd) in relation to their essential antagonist elements (Ca, Zn) indicate that toxic elements do not disrupt the biochemical processes controlled by the corresponding essential elements. Thus, the study area of the Northeast of Russia, in terms of toxic load on the population, can be attributed to territories with a relatively favorable environmental situation.

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14

Tang, Yi, Shuxiao Wang, Qingru Wu, Kaiyun Liu, Zhijian Li, Jing Zou, Deyi Hou, Ye Wu, and Lei Duan. "Measurement of size-fractionated particulate-bound mercury in Beijing and implications on sources and dry deposition of mercury." Science of The Total Environment 675 (July 2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.245.

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15

SEEWAGEN, CHAD L. "Threats of environmental mercury to birds: knowledge gaps and priorities for future research." Bird Conservation International 20, no. 2 (December 11, 2009): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090999030x.

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SummaryAnthropogenic emissions of mercury have doubled over the past two centuries. Mercury is a dangerous neurotoxin that threatens human health and fish and wildlife populations. The effects of mercury on birds have been relatively well-studied in the laboratory and in nature. Several aspects of neurology, physiology, behaviour, and reproduction have been shown to be adversely affected. Many studies have documented ataxia, lethargy, reduced appetite, reduced egg production, poor hatching success, and aberrant parental care in birds exposed to mercury.The majority of the research done to date, however, has been focused on select taxa (waterbirds), trophic levels (piscivores), habitat types (aquatic systems), geographic regions (North America and Europe), and life history stages (reproduction), leaving the assessment of mercury's threats to birds incomplete. Successful bird conservation strategies are dependent on a comprehensive understanding of the threats facing populations. Here, I discuss the significant knowledge gaps that remain and subsequently suggest priorities for future mercury research in birds. Studies of mercury in terrestrial, insectivorous, and/or passerine species, and how mercury affects migration are especially recommended to fill gaps in our present understanding.

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16

Ridwan, Yohanes Susanto, Tiny Agustina Koesmawati, Anna Edy Persulessy, Raden Tina Rosmalina, Astried Sunaryani, and Fitri Dara. "Mercury Determination Using Stannous Chloride Reductant Followed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Measurement: Performance Characteristics, Uncertainty Estimation, and Compliance Assessment." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 18, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v18i2.317-328.

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Indonesian government has committed to reduce and eliminate mercury. Hence, the intensity of monitoring activities of mercury levels in various matrices would be increased and supported by qualified analytical data. Key characteristic performances, i.e., the limit of detection, linear range, precision, trueness, have been successfully carried out, and the method was shown to fit the purpose. The limit detection, LoD and LoQ, were found to be 0.26 and 0.86 µg/L, respectively, which were adequate to reach the tightest regulatory limit of mercury in surface water (1 µg/L). The examined linearity range of 1-20 µg/L has been found sufficient for its application since a high mercury concentration in the typical sample is seldomly expected. Precision and trueness aspects of the method were shown to have satisfaction performance, with CV of 1,24% and recovery of 104.54%. All the possible uncertainty sources have been identified in this study. Since no reference material was available, the uncertainty of bias was evaluated through the recovery of the spiked sample. Compliance assessment to six measurement results has been performed; one result was below LoQ, four were clearly below regulatory limit, and one was questionable. Hence a decision rule was applied.

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17

Shendrikar, Arun D., and D. S. Ensor. "Critical Review: Measurement of Mercury Combustion Aerosols in Emissions From Stationary Sources." Waste Management & Research 4, no. 1 (January 1986): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x8600400110.

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18

Leiva González, Jorge, Luis A. Diaz-Robles, Francisco Cereceda-Balic, Ernesto Pino-Cortés, and Valeria Campos. "Atmospheric Modelling of Mercury in the Southern Hemisphere and Future Research Needs: A Review." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081226.

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Mercury is a toxic pollutant that can negatively impact the population’s health and the environment. The research on atmospheric mercury is of critical concern because of the diverse process that this pollutant suffers in the atmosphere as well as its deposition capacity, which can provoke diverse health issues. The Minamata Convention encourages the protection of the adverse effects of mercury, where research is a part of the strategies and atmospheric modelling plays a critical role in achieving the proposed aim. This paper reviews the study of modelling atmospheric mercury based on the southern hemisphere (SH). The article discusses diverse aspects focused on the SH such as the spatial distribution of mercury, its emissions projections, interhemispheric transport, and deposition. There has been a discrepancy between the observed and the simulated values, especially concerning the seasonality of gaseous elemental mercury and total gaseous mercury. Further, there is a lack of research about the emissions projections in the SH and mercury deposition, which generates uncertainty regarding future global scenarios. More studies on atmospheric mercury behaviour are imperative to better understand the SH’s mercury cycle.

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19

Jensen, Anders, and Arne Jensen. "Historical deposition rates of mercury in scandinavia estimated by dating and measurement of mercury in cores of peat bogs." Water Air & Soil Pollution 56, no. 1 (April 1991): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00342315.

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20

Tuni, Andrea, Athanasios Rentizelas, and Alex Duffy. "Environmental performance measurement for green supply chains." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 48, no. 8 (September 3, 2018): 765–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2017-0062.

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Purpose The majority of the environmental impacts in a typical supply chain can arise beyond the focal firm boundaries. However, no standardised method to quantify these impacts at the supply chain level currently exists. The purpose of this paper is to identify the quantitative methods developed to measure the environmental performance of supply chains and evaluate their key features. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review is conducted at the intersection of performance measurement and green supply chain management (GSCM) fields, covering 78 publications in peer-reviewed academic journals. The literature is reviewed according to several perspectives, including the environmental aspects considered, the main purpose of measurement, model types and the extent of supply chain covered by performance measurements. Findings Adopted environmental metrics show a low degree of standardisation and focus on natural resources, energy and emissions to air. The visibility and traceability of environmental aspects are still limited; the assessment of environmental impacts does not span in most cases beyond the direct business partners of the focal firms. A trade-off was observed between the range of environmental aspects and the extent of the supply chain considered with no method suitable for a holistic evaluation of the environmental supply chain performance identified. Three major streams of research developing in the field are identified, based on different scope. Originality/value This paper is the first attempt to examine in detail what tiers of the supply chain are actually involved in green performance assessment, ultimately contributing to clarify the scope of the supply chain dimension in GSCM performance measurement research. The work also recognises which methods are applicable to extended supply chains and explores how different methodologies perform in terms of supply chain extent covered.

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21

., Gholam Reza Jahed Kh, Inteaz Alli ., Ebrahim Nowroozi ., and Ramin Nabizadeh . "Mercury Contamination in Fish and Public Health Aspects: A Review." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 5 (August 15, 2005): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.276.281.

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22

Yamagata, T., M. Ishii, M. Narita, G. C. Huang, and G. Endo. "Bio-affecting mercury detection using mercury resistance gene module fused with bioluminescence reporter genes." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2002): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0746.

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Bioluminescence sensor systems were developed for monitoring environmental mercury contamination. The biological mercury measurement sensor systems were constructed by DNA recombination technique. A bacterial mercury-resistant operon (mer operon) from Pseudomonas sp. K-6y4 and a bacterial bioluminescence operon (lux operon) from an ocean bacterium Vibrio fischeri were fused in a vector plasmid. The resulting recombinant plasmids were cloned in Escherichia coli cells. The bioluminescence sensor systems responded to mercury chloride of 0.1 nM to 100 nM. The mercury bioluminescence sensor developed in this study can be used for monitoring of the bio-affecting mercury instead of total mercury that is measured by conventional analytical equipment. The fundamental feature of the bioluminescence sensor system is attractive for use as a monitoring system for bio-affecting environmental mercury contamination.

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23

Temme, Christian, P. Blanchard, A. Steffen, C. Banic, S. Beauchamp, L. Poissant, R. Tordon, and B. Wiens. "Trend, seasonal and multivariate analysis study of total gaseous mercury data from the Canadian atmospheric mercury measurement network (CAMNet)." Atmospheric Environment 41, no. 26 (August 2007): 5423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.021.

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24

Robertus, Yu V., R. V. Lyubimov, A. V. Kivatskaya, and V. A. Sitnikova. "Approaches to the Elimination of Accumulated Environmental in the Area of the Former Aktash Mercury Mine (Altai Republic)." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-2-34-40.

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Presents the current environmental situation in the area of the former Aktash mercury mine in the south-east of the Altai Republic. The main sources of mercury releases to the environment and their location in the enterprise area have been identified. The leading role of waste redistribution of ores and imported mercury-containing waste in environmental pollution is shown. The main parameters of environmental damage within the identified large focus of mercury pollution of soil and vegetation cover are established. Its classification as an environmental emergency zone is justified. It is recommended that the Aktash mine district be included in the list of priority objects for eliminating accumulated environmental damage in the Russian Federation. The technological and environmental-economic aspects of the disposal of mercury-containing waste storage and disposal facilities are considered. The optimal approaches to carrying out rehabilitation measures in the mine area are outlined.

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25

Jin, Peng, and Paul L. Bishop. "Comparison of Ion-Selective and Carbon Fiber Mercury Film Microelectrodes for Cadmium Measurement." Journal of Environmental Engineering 133, no. 6 (June 2007): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2007)133:6(608).

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26

Gustin, Mae, and Dan Jaffe. "Reducing the Uncertainty in Measurement and Understanding of Mercury in the Atmosphere." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 7 (April 2010): 2222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902736k.

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27

Nasrollahpour, Atefeh, Seyyed Moradi, and Seyyed Moradi. "Dispersive solid phase micro-extraction of mercury(II) from environmental water and vegetable samples with ionic liquid modified graphene oxide nanoparticles." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 5 (2017): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc161013035n.

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A new dispersive solid phase micro-extraction (dispersive-SPME) method for separation and preconcentration of mercury(II) using ionic liquid modified magnetic reduced graphene oxide (IL-MrGO) nanoparticles, prior to the measurement by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) has been developed. The IL-MrGO composite was characterized by Brunauer? Emmett?Teller method (BET) for adsorption-desorption measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The method is based on the sorption of mercury( II) on IL-MrGO nanoparticles due to electrostatic interaction and complex formation of ionic liquid part of IL-MrGO with mercury(II). The effect of experimental parameters for preconcentration of mercury(II), such as solution type, concentration and volume of the eluent, pH, time of the sorption and desorption, amount of the sorbent and coexisting ion concentration have been optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response was obtained in the concentration range of 0.08?10 ng mL-1 with a determination coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method at a signal to noise ratio of 3 was 0.01 ng mL-1. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were obtained equal to 3.4 and 4.5 %, respectively. The dispersive solid phase micro-extraction of mercury(II) on IL-MrGO nanoparticles coupled with cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry was successfully used for extraction and determination of mercury(II) in water and vegetable samples.

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28

Lee, Ying-Hua, and Åke Iverfeldt. "Measurement of methylmercury and mercury in run-off, lake and rain waters." Water Air & Soil Pollution 56, no. 1 (April 1991): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00342279.

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29

Guz, Łukasz. "Technical aspects of SAW gas sensors application in environmental measurements." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925206007.

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The development of semiconductor technology and computer methods allows for the improvements in air pollutions measurement techniques. Besides the traditional techniques of air pollution measurement such as chromatography or dynamic olfactometry, the electronic nose (EN) gains increasing attention in this area. EN is a device which imitates the human olfactory sense. The main component of the device is an array of many nonspecific gas sensors. In this article, the most frequently used types of gas sensors in scientific studies were shortly characterised as: metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), conducting polymers, quartz microbalances (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, and others. Both their advantages and disadvantages were summarised. Technical aspects of measurements using SAW gas sensors arrays were presented, as well as measurement circuits were described.

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30

Weigelt, Andreas, Christian Temme, Elke Bieber, Andreas Schwerin, Maik Schuetze, Ralf Ebinghaus, and Hans Herbert Kock. "Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a German rural background site from 2009 to 2011 – methods and results." Environmental Chemistry 10, no. 2 (2013): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en12107.

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Environmental context Mercury is a very hazardous substance for human and environmental health. Systematic long-term direct measurements in the atmosphere can provide valuable information about the effect of emission controls on the global budget of atmospheric mercury, and offer insight into source–receptor transboundary transport of mercury. A complete setup for the measurement of the four most relevant atmospheric mercury species (total gaseous mercury, gaseous oxidised mercury, particle-bound mercury, and gaseous elemental mercury) has been operating at the rural background site of Waldhof, Germany, since 2009. We present the dataset for 2009–2011, the first full-speciation time series for atmospheric mercury reported in Central Europe. Abstract Measurements of mercury species started in 2009 at the air pollution monitoring site ‘Waldhof’ of the German Federal Environmental Agency. Waldhof (52°48′N, 10°45′E) is a rural background site located in the northern German lowlands in a flat terrain, 100km south-east of Hamburg. The temporally highly resolved measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM), gaseous oxidised mercury (GOM), particle-bound mercury (PBMPM2.5, with particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5µm) and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) cover the period from 2009 to 2011. The complete measurement procedure turned out to be well applicable to detect GOM and PBMPM2.5 levels in the range of 0.4 to 65pgm–3. As the linearity of the analyser was proven to be constant over orders of magnitude, even larger concentrations can be measured accurately. The 3-year median concentration of GEM is found to be 1.61ngm–3, representing typical northern hemispheric background concentrations. With 6.3pgm–3, the 3-year average concentration of PBMPM2.5 is found to be approximately six times higher than the 3-year average GOM concentration. During winter the PBMPM2.5 concentration is on average twice as high as the PBMPM2.5 summer concentration, whereas the GOM concentration shows no clear seasonality. However, on a comparatively low level, a significant diurnal cycle is shown for GOM concentrations. This cycle is most likely related to photochemical oxidation mechanisms. Comparison with selected North American long-term mercury speciation datasets shows that the Waldhof 3-year median speciated mercury data represent typical rural background values.

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31

Li, Mengting, and Vera I. Slaveykova. "Kinetic Aspects of the Interactions between TiO2 Nanoparticles, Mercury and the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Environments 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9040044.

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Aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of environmental pollutants, including engineered nanoparticles; however, the interactions underlying cocktails’ effects are poorly understood, in particular, the kinetic aspects. The present study explored the time course of the interactions between nano-sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) with different primary particle sizes, algae and inorganic mercury (Hg) over 96 h under conditions that were representative of a highly contaminated environment. The results showed that nTiO2 with smaller primary particle size and higher concentrations rapidly reduced the adsorption and internalization of mercury by green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Such a mitigating effect on mercury bioavailability could be explained by the strong adsorbing capacity of nTiO2 for Hg and the aggregation and sedimentation of nTiO2 and bound Hg. The present study highlighted the key processes determining the bioavailability of mercury to the algae in mixture exposure under conditions representative of a highly contaminated environment, such as industrial wastewater effluents.

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32

Eckley, C. S., M. Gustin, F. Marsik, and M. B. Miller. "Measurement of surface mercury fluxes at active industrial gold mines in Nevada (USA)." Science of The Total Environment 409, no. 3 (January 2011): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.024.

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33

Pierce, Ashley M., and Mae Sexauer Gustin. "Development of a Particulate Mass Measurement System for Quantification of Ambient Reactive Mercury." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04707.

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34

Malehase, Tshia, Adegbenro P. Daso, and Jonathan O. Okonkwo. "Initiatives to combat mercury use in artisanal small-scale gold mining: A review on issues and challenges." Environmental Reviews 25, no. 2 (June 2017): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0042.

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The Minamata Convention on mercury has received a number of criticisms and challenges that potentially hinder its progress on reducing and controlling mercury use and release by artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASSGM). The resulting weak environmental control has repercussions for the social and environmental wellbeing of countries that subsist on ASSGM in their territory. Lack of distinguishing and categorizing ASSGM, the absence of a contextual implementation plan, and no defined means of communication are some of the aspects that lead to unsuccessful initiatives, particularly on effectively introducing mercury-free technologies. Moreover, an underestimation of the active mining population implies that the problem is greater than what is perceived. ASSGM is a viable source of poverty alleviation which cannot be ignored and therefore the resulting socioeconomic and environmental challenges need to be addressed while optimizing economic benefits. In this paper a compendium of issues and challenges that need to be addressed to reduce and control mercury use and release by ASSGM are discussed. By reviewing the challenges of successful case studies, a comprehensive approach is proposed to enhance the implementation of the Minamata Convention on mercury.

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Gustin, Mae Sexauer, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Jiaoyan Huang, Steve Lindberg, and Seth N. Lyman. "Development of an Understanding of Reactive Mercury in Ambient Air: A Review." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010073.

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This review focuses on providing the history of measurement efforts to quantify and characterize the compounds of reactive mercury (RM), and the current status of measurement methods and knowledge. RM collectively represents gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and that bound to particles. The presence of RM was first recognized through measurement of coal-fired power plant emissions. Once discovered, researchers focused on developing methods for measuring RM in ambient air. First, tubular KCl-coated denuders were used for stack gas measurements, followed by mist chambers and annular denuders for ambient air measurements. For ~15 years, thermal desorption of an annular KCl denuder in the Tekran® speciation system was thought to be the gold standard for ambient GOM measurements. Research over the past ~10 years has shown that the KCl denuder does not collect GOM compounds with equal efficiency, and there are interferences with collection. Using a membrane-based system and an automated system—the Detector for Oxidized mercury System (DOHGS)—concentrations measured with the KCl denuder in the Tekran speciation system underestimate GOM concentrations by 1.3 to 13 times. Using nylon membranes it has been demonstrated that GOM/RM chemistry varies across space and time, and that this depends on the oxidant chemistry of the air. Future work should focus on development of better surfaces for collecting GOM/RM compounds, analytical methods to characterize GOM/RM chemistry, and high-resolution, calibrated measurement systems.

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Abdullah, Shawnam Omar, and Qasim Yahya Mohammed. "Estimation of Mercury in Soil, Water and Plants Spectrophotometrically." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 1718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350613.

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Trace levels of mercury in soil, environmental water (portable and polluted) and plant specimens (cucumber and pepper) at Koya area – Kurdistan region – Iraq was described by simple procedure, where, no further solvent purification or pre-concentration required steps. The method based on soxhelt extraction with oxalic acid and stannous chloride in acidic media for about 2.5 h, followed by spectrophotometric measurement at λmax of 300 nm. The results show different mercury levels, water samples show (3-215) ppm, while soil samples (5 -150) ppm. Also, some agricultural products show (23 -80) ppm mercury level.

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Barghigiani, C., T. Ristori, and M. Cortopassi. "Air mercury measurement and interference of atmospheric contaminants with gold traps." Environmental Technology 12, no. 10 (October 1991): 935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339109385089.

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38

Bretier, M., A. Dabrin, G. Billon, B. Mathon, C. Miège, and M. Coquery. "To what extent can the biogeochemical cycling of mercury modulate the measurement of dissolved mercury in surface freshwaters by passive sampling?" Chemosphere 248 (June 2020): 126006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126006.

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39

Bishop, Kevin, James B. Shanley, Ami Riscassi, Heleen A. de Wit, Karin Eklöf, Bo Meng, Carl Mitchell, et al. "Recent advances in understanding and measurement of mercury in the environment: Terrestrial Hg cycling." Science of The Total Environment 721 (June 2020): 137647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137647.

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40

Klaß, Larissa, Philipp Ritz, Marius Hirsch, John Kettler, Andreas Havenith, Andreas Wilden, and Giuseppe Modolo. "Gamma-spectrometric measurement procedure for a clearance concept of radioactively contaminated mercury from nuclear facilities." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 329, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07840-7.

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AbstractRadioactive mercury waste constitutes a significant challenge, as no approved disposal concept yet exists for such waste in Germany. This work describes a decontamination and measurement procedure for a possible clearance of mercury from nuclear facilities and release into reuse or conventional hazardous waste disposal to reduce the amount of mercury in a nuclear repository. The measurement setup and procedure were developed and evaluated including Monte-Carlo N-Particle® Transport Code (MCNP® and Monte Carlo N-Particle® are registered trademarks owned by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, manager and operator of Los Alamos National Laboratory, (Werner 2018, Werner 2017)), simulations to ensure conservative assumptions during the measurements. Results from decontaminated mercury samples show that a clearance pursuant to the German regulations would be feasible.

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41

Gustin, Mae Sexauer, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, and Lei Zhang. "Comparison of 4 Methods for Measurement of Reactive, Gaseous Oxidized, and Particulate Bound Mercury." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 24 (November 19, 2019): 14489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04648.

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42

Mohamed, Farida El Baz, Eman Ahmed Zaky, Adel Bassuoni El-Sayed, Reham Mohammed Elhossieny, Sally Soliman Zahra, Waleed Salah Eldin, Walaa Yousef Youssef, Rania Abdelmgeed Khaled, and Azza Mohamed Youssef. "Assessment of Hair Aluminum, Lead, and Mercury in a Sample of Autistic Egyptian Children: Environmental Risk Factors of Heavy Metals in Autism." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/545674.

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Background and Aims. The etiological factors involved in the etiology of autism remain elusive and controversial, but both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. The aim of this study was to assess the levels and possible environmental risk factors and sources of exposure to mercury, lead, and aluminum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to their matched controls.Methods. One hundred ASD children were studied in comparison to 100 controls. All participants were subjected to clinical evaluation and measurement of mercury, lead, and aluminum through hair analysis which reflects past exposure.Results. The mean Levels of mercury, lead, and aluminum in hair of the autistic patients were significantly higher than controls. Mercury, lead, and aluminum levels were positively correlated with maternal fish consumptions, living nearby gasoline stations, and the usage of aluminum pans, respectively.Conclusion. Levels of mercury, lead, and aluminum in the hair of autistic children are higher than controls. Environmental exposure to these toxic heavy metals, at key times in development, may play a causal role in autism.

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Lütjohann, Dieter. "Methodological Aspects of Plant Sterol and Stanol Measurement." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgelutjohann.

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Abstract Cholesterol, its biosynthetic precursors, its metabolite 5α-cholestanol and plant sterols are widely used today in clinical lipid research as surrogate markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Advances in analytical methods for the determination of serum noncholesterol sterols and stanols within the last century are highlighted. This review focuses on sample preparation, separation, and detection techniques. Various aspects related to sterol and stanol analysis from biological samples are discussed.

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ROSSINI, SUELI REGINA G., RUBENS REIMÃO, BEATRIZ H. LEFÈVRE, and MARCÍLIA A. MEDRADO-FARIA. "Chronic insomnia in workers poisoned by inorganic mercury: psychological and adaptive aspects." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 58, no. 1 (March 2000): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2000000100005.

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Insomnia is one of the symptoms of inorganic mercury poisoning (IMP). The objective of this study is to analyze the chief psychological aspects in the adjustment of workers with chronic insomnia associated with IMP. For this purpose the Preventive Clinical Interview and the Ryad Simon Operational Adaptive Diagnostic Scale (Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada-EDAO) were utilized. Fifteen subjects with mean age of 40 years (10 males and 5 females) were studied. Nine were diagnosed with High Adaptive Inefficacy, five with Moderate Inefficient Adaptation and only one with Mild Inefficient Adaptation. Impairment occurred in four adaptive sectors: affective relationship, social-cultural, productivity and organic. Adaptive efficiency indicated that in all the 15 subjects studied the adaptive solutions were frustrating and led to psychic suffering and/or environmental conflict confirming the severity of the involvement in chronic IMP.

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Pykhteyeva, E. G., D. V. Bol'shoy, and L. M. Shafran. "Toxico-ecological Analysis of Mercury-contained Waste Management in Ukraine." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 89, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2020-89-2-48-57.

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Relevance. The multifaceted intersectoral problem of human security in contact with mercury has gained global significance in the twentieth century, it is relevant today. Considerable attention is paid to the environmental and hygienic aspects of mercury hazards in the field related to the production and disposal of waste containing Hg. The Aim of the Research. Analyze the data of own research on mercury content in the environment in connection with the management of mercury-containing waste and justify a set of preventive environmental and hygienic, technological and organizational measures to improve safety, public health and improve the environment in the region and the country in general. Materials and Methods. Sampling, sample preparation and determination of mercury content in environmental facilities and bioassays were performed according to MI “Methodical instructions for the determination of mercury in biological material, air, drinking water, food products and the environment.” The concentration of mercury was measured by the method of AAS “cold steam” on the upgraded device “Yulia-2M”. The mercury content in soil and air at the spontaneous dump of mercury lamps in Odessa region, on the border of the sanitary protection zone and in the air of the working zone of the enterprise for utilization of mercury lamps was studied. For sample preparation, chemically pure nitric acid (56%) was used, to reduce mercury during the analysis of chemically pure tin (II) chloride. Results and Conclusions. Mercury lamps have been shown to be hazardous to the environment and human health without proper disposal. Mercury lamps should be collected and disposed of as hazardous waste not only in industrial facilities but also in the general public. The formation of spontaneous unauthorized landfills of mercury lamps is unacceptable. The problem of environmental monitoring needs to be addressed at the state level with the mandatory involvement of specialists in the field of hygiene, toxicology and analytical chemistry of heavy metals in cases of violations to assess the level of danger and make informed decisions on approaches to elimination of mercury sources. Key Words: mercury, mercury lamps, ecology.

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Beutel, Marc W., Lanka DeSilva, and Louis Amegbletor. "Direct Measurement of Mercury Deposition at Rural and Suburban Sites in Washington State, USA." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010035.

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Because of mercury’s (Hg) capacity for long-range transport in the atmosphere, and its tendency to bioaccumulate in aquatic biota, there is a critical need to measure spatial and temporal patterns of Hg atmospheric deposition. Dry deposition of Hg is commonly calculated as the product of a measured atmospheric concentration and an assumed deposition velocity. An alternative is to directly assess Hg deposition via accumulation on surrogate surfaces. Using a direct measurement approach, this study quantified Hg deposition at a rural site (Pullman) and suburban site (Puyallup) in Washington State using simple, low-cost equipment. Dry deposition was measured using an aerodynamic “wet sampler” consisting of a Teflon plate, 35 cm in diameter, holding a thin layer (2.5 mm) of recirculating acidic aqueous receiving solution. In addition, wet Hg deposition was measured using a borosilicate glass funnel with a 20-cm-diameter opening and a 1 L Teflon sampling bottle. Hg deposition was estimated based on changes in total Hg in the aqueous phase of the samplers. Dry Hg deposition was 2.4 ± 1.4 ng/m2·h (average plus/minus standard deviation; n = 4) in Pullman and 1.3 ± 0.3 ng/m2·h (n = 6) in Puyallup. Wet Hg deposition was 7.0 ± 4.8 ng/m2·h (n = 4) in Pullman and 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/m2·h (n = 3) in Puyallup. Relatively high rates of Hg deposition in Pullman were attributed to regional agricultural activities that enhance mercury re-emission and deposition including agricultural harvesting and field burning. Hg concentration in precipitation negatively correlated with precipitation depth, indicating that Hg was scavenged from the atmosphere during the beginning of storm events. Because of their relative simplicity and robustness, direct measurement approaches such as those described in this study are useful in assessing Hg deposition, and for comparing results to less direct estimates and model estimates of Hg deposition.

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Ronnback, L., and E. Hansson. "Chronic encephalopathies induced by mercury or lead: aspects of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.49.4.233.

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Zhou, Qingxiang, Yongli Liu, Yalin Wu, Zhi Li, Yanhui Li, Menghua Liu, Tongxu Qu, and Chunmao Chen. "Measurement of mercury with highly selective fluorescent chemoprobe by carbon dots and silver nanoparticles." Chemosphere 274 (July 2021): 129959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129959.

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Zhang, Lianfeng, Yeye Song, Jinsong Zhang, and Zhangfa Tong. "Measurement of the Ultraviolet Output of an Underwater Monochromatic (254 nm) Low Pressure–Mercury Ultraviolet Lamp." Journal of Environmental Engineering 147, no. 4 (April 2021): 04021006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001860.

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Pan, Teng-Chang, and Chin-Wang Huang. "MEASUREMENT OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS BY HYDRIDE AND COLD VAPOR ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 54, no. 8 (August 1993): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298669391354955.

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