Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement

Academic literature on the topic 'Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement"

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Arenholt-Bindslev, D. "Dental Amalgam— Environmental Aspects." Advances in Dental Research 6, no. 1 (September 1992): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374920060010501.

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Increasing knowledge about the risk of toxic effects caused by anthropogenic mercury accumulation in ecosystems has resulted in a growing pressure for reduction of the discharge of mercury waste. Consequently, the mercury waste problems of dental clinics have been given increased attention, and restrictions on handling and discharge of contaminated waste have been established in several countries. Major amalgam particles from trituration surplus of those produced during the carving and burnishing of new amalgam restorations are generally collected in coarse filters and sold for refinement. Minor amalgam particles released by production of new fillings or by removal of old restorations partly sediment in tubes and drains. The remaining particles are carried with the waste water stream to the local purifying plant. In Scandinavia, the industrial discharge of mercury-contaminated waste water has been reduced to a minimum. According to recent investigations, dental clinics appear to be responsible for the major amount of mercury collected in the sludge generated in purifying plants. If threshold values for heavy metal content, including mercury, are exceeded, the sludge is not allowed to be recycled as fertilizer. Installation of an approved amalgam-separating apparatus in dental clinics is now mandatory in several countries-for example, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark. Approval of amalgam separators is based on national testing programs, including clinical or laboratory tests demanding 95-99% separating efficiency.
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Fedotov, A. P., V. T. Komov, Yu G. Tatsiy, and N. R. Mashyanov. "Mercury in Biosphere: Environmental and Geochemical Aspects." Limnology and Freshwater Biology, no. 3 (2022): 1245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2022-a-3-1245.

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</jats:p> </jats:abstract> <publication_date media_type='online'> <year>2022</year> </publication_date> <pages> <first_page>1244</first_page> <last_page>1244</last_page> </pages> <doi_data> <doi>10.31951/2658-3518-2022-A-3-1244</doi> <resource>http://limnolfwbiol.com/index.php/LFWB/article/view/957</resource> </doi_data> </journal_article> <!-- ============== --> <journal_article publication_type='full_text'> <titles> <title>Distribution of mercury in the system water-suspended matter-bottom sediments of Lake Onega (NW Russia)</title> </titles> <contributors> <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>V.I.</given_name> <surname>Malov</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Akad. Koptyug Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>V.D.</given_name> <surname>Strahovenko</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Akad. Koptyug Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>N.A.</given_name> <surname>Belkina</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Alexander Nevsky Pr., Petrozavodsk, 185030, Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>N.V.</given_name> <surname>Kulik</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Alexander Nevsky Pr., Petrozavodsk, 185030, Russia;</organization> <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'> <given_name>N.A.</given_name> <surname>Efremenko</surname> </person_name> <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Alexander Nevsky Pr., Petrozavodsk, 185030, Russia;</organization> </contributors> <jats:abstract xml:lang='en'> <jats:p>Abstract. For the first time for Lake Onega, the lateral distribution of gross mercury in the water-suspended matter and bottom sediments system was revealed. Regularities in vertical distribution of gross mercury in two types of bottom sediments were established. The average content of mercury in water is 0.321 g/L; in the material of sediment traps - 0.621 g/g; in the upper and lower parts of bottom sediments - 0.067 g/g and 0.034 g/g, respectively.
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Clear, R., and S. Berman. "Environmental and Health Aspects of Lighting: Mercury." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 23, no. 2 (July 1994): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1994.10748088.

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Leonhäuser, J., M. Röhricht, I. Wagner-Döbler, and W. D. Deckwer. "Reaction Engineering Aspects of Microbial Mercury Removal." Engineering in Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 2006): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200620904.

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Nott, Babu R. "Intercomparison of stack gas mercury measurement methods." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189795.

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Barbosa, A. C., A. A. Boischio, G. A. East, I. Ferrari, A. Gonçalves, P. R. M. Silva, and T. M. E. da Cruz. "Mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental and occupational aspects." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189660.

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Schroeder, W. H., G. Keeler, H. Kock, P. Roussel, D. Schneeberger, and F. Schaedlich. "International field intercomparison of atmospheric mercury measurement methods." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189713.

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Wang, J., Z. Xiao, and O. Lindqvist. "On-line measurement of mercury in simulated flue gas." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 1217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189785.

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Forte, Reynaldo, Jeffrey V. Ryan, Travis P. Johnson, and Peter H. Kariher. "The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Mercury Measurement Toolkit: An Introduction." Energy & Fuels 26, no. 8 (July 17, 2012): 4643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef3001949.

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Brown, Richard J. C., Andrew S. Brown, Rachel E. Yardley, Warren T. Corns, and Peter B. Stockwell. "A practical uncertainty budget for ambient mercury vapour measurement." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 10 (March 2008): 2504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement"

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Williams, Chavon R. "A National survey of Mercury levels in South Africa's water management areas." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8674_1298356510.

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This study forms part of a broader project co-funded by the Water Research Commission (WRC), and CSIR Parliamentary Grant (PG) and Strategic Research Panel (SRP) research grants, aimed at surveying selected water resources within the 19 Water Management Areas in South Africa. Furthermore, it aims at determining the concentrations of Hg and MeHg in various environmental compartments collected from priority water resources, to identify the potential Hg hotspots, and to assess the degree of compliance with national and international guidelines. Mercury concentrations in the environment have increased globally and this has caused much anxiety in terms of the adverse effects it has on aquatic ecosystems, their organisms, and the communities they sustain. Human health risks associated with the consumption of fish elevated containing Hg concentrations have received minimal attention particularly in South Africa. It is imperative that any potential adverse impacts of Hg on aquatic ecosystems, and the subsequent impacts on human health, be investigated.

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Speelman, Wilcot John. "Modelling and measurement of radon diffusion through soil for application on mine tailings dam." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_4954_1178282946.

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Radon has been identified as an important factor that could result in a health hazard by studies all around the world. The health risks can be minimised by preventive measures where radon is highly concentrated as in some mines and homes. Measuring and modelling the radon concentrations in the mine dump soil, can help to deduce the radon flux to identify the problem areas for rehabilitation especially in the cases of gold and uranium mine tailings. Rehabilitation in those cases usually consists of a multilayer cover of solids like crushed rock or clay. A passive method incorporating electret technology was used in this study to determine the radon emanation coefficient of the soil. This investigation also describes the modelling of a depth profile with respect to the radon activity concentration to understand from how deep radon might be migrating, as well as the effect of different diffusion lengths.
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Nelson, Sarah J. "Winter Contribution to Annual Throughfall Inputs of Mercury and Tracer Ions at Acadia National Park, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NelsonSJ2007.pdf.

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Sauer, Robert Eugene Jr. "Development and use of saltmarsh mesocosms in studies of sedimentary mercury transformation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19608.

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Liang, Peng. "The effects of mariculture on mercury distribution, speciation and transformation in the aquatic system around Hong Kong coastlines." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1291.

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Legrand, Melissa. "Evaluation of methodology for mercury exposure assessment with field and laboratory studies." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85932.

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The threat of environmental mercury (Hg), particularly methylmercury (MeHg), exposure to the health of humans has been well documented. Thus, it is important to monitor exposure and body burden for public health protection. The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the risk of Hg exposure in two Canadian coastal communities: Grand Marian (n = 91) and St. Andrews/St. Stephen (n = 52), New Brunswick, Canada, using dietary questionnaires and hair analysis. Average Hg intakes and body burden were below the most conservative guidelines. We attributed these results to the low Hg concentrations found in the species commonly consumed: haddock, canned tuna, lobster and pollock (all below 0.2 mg/kg). The analytical method employed to determine Hg in hair, cold vapor atomic absorption (CV-AAS), required a bundle of 100-150 hair strands and involved lengthy chemical digestion procedures which reduce throughput. Direct solid introduction techniques minimize these weaknesses. Our second and third objectives were to evaluate two such methods: (1) combustion, gold amalgamation, atomic absorption spectrometry (C-GA-AAS) and (2) laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for measuring total Hg in single hair strands. Hair samples with a wide range of Hg exposure were obtained from communities. A 1:1 relationship was observed between C-GA-AAS and the established CV-AAS for analysis of 1-cm hair segments. Additionally, the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of Hg between hair strands within an individual was 6.5 +/- 2.8%, thus justifying the use of a single hair strand for biomonitoring. With a limit of quantification of 0.10 ng of total Hg, a single hair strand with average weight of 0.5 mg and Hg concentrations of 0.2 mg/kg can be measured routinely. Using LA-ICP-MS, we showed that a single laser shot can sample hair material within 50 mum along a single hair strand which is equivalent to less than one day of
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Klaus, Jaclyn Elizabeth. "In situ measurement of mercury ecotoxicological effects on stream periphyton in southwest Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1409918494.

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Merritt, Karen A. "Mercury Dynamics in Sulfide-Rich Sediments: Geochemical Influence on Contaminant Mobilization and Methylation within the Penobscot River Estuary, Maine, USA." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MerrittKA2007.pdf.

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Basu, Niladri. "Neurochemical biomarkers to evaluate mercury toxicity in mink." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85882.

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Mercury (Hg) is a toxicant of global concern, but few strategies exist to evaluate its biological effects on the ecosystem. Piscivorous wildlife, such as mink (Mustela vison), are particularly at risk because they can bioaccumulate Hg to concentrations known to impair neurological systems. Given that biochemical changes in the brain precede functional and structural impairments, I evaluated the use of neurochemicals as early-warning biomarkers of Hg toxicity in mink. Initial studies demonstrated that neurochemical biomarkers could be measured from mink carcasses collected from the field, as long as factors such as storage temperature and freeze thaw cycles were accounted for. To determine if Hg could directly impair neurochemicals in mink, an in vitro study demonstrated that Hg (HgCl2 and MeHg) could inhibit radioligand binding to the muscarinic cholinergic (mACh) receptor in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex regions of the brain. By analyzing whole brains collected from wild mink, it was demonstrated that a significant positive correlation existed between concentrations of brain Hg and levels of mACh receptors. These field observations were confirmed by results from a controlled methyl Hg (MeHg) feeding trial in captive mink, whereby sub-chronic exposure of mink to 0.5 - 2 ppm MeHg (ecologically relevant levels) resulted in significant increases in acetylcholinesterase activity and mACh receptor levels in specific brain regions. Collectively, these results demonstrated that exposure of mink to environmentally realistic concentrations of Hg can be related to alterations in neurochemicals at multiple tiers of biological organization. Given the importance of a functional nervous system in wildlife health, the physiological and ecological significance of these findings need further exploration. The results demonstrate that neurochemical approaches may be novel biomarkers to assess the ecotoxicology of Hg, and by extension, other pollutants o
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Manavhela, Ramudzuli Fijiant. "In-situ measurements of radon concentrations in soil gas at a site on the Cape Flats." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2407_1242371669.

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Measurements of radon (²
²
²
Rn) concentration in soil gas are routinely used to locate geological fault zones. This study was undertaken to investigate the systematic effects that influence radon soil-gas measurements, in preparation for the first such fault zone measurements in South Africa.

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Books on the topic "Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement"

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Farmer, Jack R. Review of national emission standards for mercury. Research Triangle Park NC: Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987.

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Farmer, Jack R. Review of national emission standards for mercury. Research Triangle Park NC: Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987.

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National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.) and National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Workshop on Source Emission and Ambient Air Monitoring of Mercury, September 13-14, 1999, Bloomington, MN. Cincinnati, OH: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2000.

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Mason, Robert. Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere: Emissions, Measurements and Models. Boston, MA: Springer-Verlag New York, 2009.

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DeWild, John F. Determination of methyl mercury by aqueous phase ethylation, followed by gas chromatographic separation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence detection. Middleton, Wis: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Glessman, Sheila. Mercury measurement and characterization at constellation power source generation's coal-fired units: Final report. [Annapolis]: Maryland Power Plant Research Program, 2004.

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Garbarino, John R. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Determination of organic plus inorganic mercury in filtered and unfiltered natural water with cold vapor, atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Garbarino, John R. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Arsenic speciation in natural-water samples using laboratory and field methods. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Garbarino, John R. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Arsenic speciation in natural-water samples using laboratory and field methods. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Garbarino, John R. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Determination of elements in whole-water digests using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement"

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Barbosa, A. C., A. A. Boischio, G. A. East, I. Ferrari, A. Gonçalves, P. R. M. Silva, and T. M. E. da Cruz. "Mercury Contamination in the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental and Occupational Aspects." In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 109–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_14.

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Majumdar, Devashis, Szczepan Roszak, and Jerzy Leszczynski. "Application of Quantum-Chemical Techniques to Model Environmental Mercury Depletion Reactions." In Practical Aspects of Computational Chemistry II, 435–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0923-2_12.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. "The East-Asian Happiness Gap: Causes and Implications." In Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion, 133–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_13.

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AbstractDespite spectacular economic growth, most East Asian countries (especially those with the Confucian cultures) score relatively low in happiness surveys. This chapter discusses the reasons for this East-Asian happiness gap, including environmental disruption, excessive competitiveness, repressive education, excessive conformity, negative attitudes towards enjoyment, and the emphasis on outward appearance. Implications on the desired direction of future growth especially regarding the relative importance of public spending on the environment and research and the non-material aspects of life are also briefly touched on.
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Montiel Vargas, Ana. "B Lab and the Process of Certificating B Corps." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_13.

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AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze certain aspects of certified B Corporations (known as B Corps), a type of company that orients its activity toward the achievement of objectives that transcend economic ones. These companies are part of the “B movement,” promoted by B Lab, which is a non-profit organization that certifies the social and environmental impact of these entities with its own measurement system. This study introduces this business phenomenon and explores the origin, evolution, and expansion of B Corps in different countries worldwide. Additionally, it examines the process of obtaining certification as a B Corp by measuring the impact on different stakeholders: the government, workers, community, environment, and clients. Finally, different aspects of notable interest in the legal terms of this private certification are highlighted.
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Abrol, Vidushi, Sharada Mallubhotla, and Sundeep Jaglan. "Technological Interventions in Management of Hg Contaminated Water." In Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation, 407–18. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3714-8.ch021.

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Rising cases of environmental mercury hazards has led to a need for cost-effective mercury treatment techniques. Extensive use of mercury from ancient times has resulted in water contamination that may require remediation. Mercury contamination is tedious to treat and may pose a risk to human health and the environment. To deal with this threat of mercury contamination, industrial wastes and wastewaters containing mercury requires treatment for its removal and immobilization. This chapter provides a synopsis of the availability, performance, and technologies for management of mercury in water. It covers the innovative methods to treat the mercury contamination like biosorption. In this chapter, the technological aspects available for the mercury treatment technologies are reviewed. It describes the theory, design, and operation of the technologies; provides information on commercial availability and use; and includes data on performance, where available.
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Evans, Hugh L. "Cognitive Complications of Mercury Exposure." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0072.

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Mercury (Hg) is a nonessential metal that has been used in a variety of industrial procedures and pharmaceutical preparations over centuries, resulting in hot spots of environmental contamination and unwanted toxicity in people who were occupationally exposed or were treated with mercury compounds (Clarkson and Magos 2006; Evans 1998). Mercury exists in three different chemical forms, each having a different profile of toxicity. The central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be the target organ for organic mercury and elemental mercury. The kidneys are considered to be the target organ of inorganic mercury. The most widespread current exposure of children is to organic mercury from ingestion of seafood, most of which is in the form of methylmercury, the most severely neurotoxic form of mercury (Clarkson and Magos 2006). Maternal consumption of seafood, although nutritionally beneficial, has been associated with elevated mercury levels in maternal blood and hair, and with deleterious outcomes in their infants. Mothers can transit mercury to their fetus through their blood supply or to their infant through maternal milk. Children also are exposed to mercury in regions where gold is mined (Bose-O’Reilly et al. 2008). Other sources of exposures have been reviewed by Clarkson and Magos (2006). Over the past two decades in the United States, mercury has been increasingly restricted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and it has been removed from consumer products (where it had been used as a fungicide). Current efforts are under way to encourage consumers to trade their mercury thermometers for newer models that do not use mercury. Mercury has no essential nutritional role, so any amount of mercury in the body can be considered undesirable. For practical purposes, since mercury is present at some level almost everywhere on Earth, the key question is at what dose or concentration in the body can mercury-induced toxicity be documented? Continuing improvements in chemical measurement has resulted in the determining of mercury in lower concentrations. This has been matched by advances in neurological measurements and statistical analyses, resulting in the extrapolation of lower “safe” levels of mercury levels in drinking water, hair, and blood.
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Abrol, Vidushi, Sharada Mallubhotla, and Sundeep Jaglan. "Technological Interventions in Management of Hg Contaminated Water." In Biostimulation Remediation Technologies for Groundwater Contaminants, 126–40. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4162-2.ch007.

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Rising cases of environmental mercury hazards has led to a need for cost-effective mercury treatment techniques. Extensive use of mercury from ancient times has resulted in water contamination that may require remediation. Mercury contamination is tedious to treat and may pose a risk to human health and the environment. To deal with this threat of mercury contamination, industrial wastes and wastewaters containing mercury requires treatment for its removal and immobilization. This chapter provides a synopsis of the availability, performance, and technologies for management of mercury in water. It covers the innovative methods to treat the mercury contamination like biosorption. In this chapter, the technological aspects available for the mercury treatment technologies are reviewed. It describes the theory, design, and operation of the technologies; provides information on commercial availability and use; and includes data on performance, where available.
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Galán Madruga, David. "Importance of Air Quality Networks in Controlling Exposure to Air Pollution." In Environmental Emissions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92335.

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An air quality monitoring network (AQMN) is a basic piece of environmental management due to that it satisfies the major role in monitoring of environment emissions, in special relevance to target air pollutants. An adequate installation would lead to support high efficiency of the network. Therefore, AQMN pre-layout should be considered as an essential factor in regarding with the location of fixed measurement stations within AQMN, as the minimum number of sampling points. Nevertheless, once AQMN has been already installed, and given that the spatial air pollutants pattern can vary along time, an assessment of the AQMN design would be addressed in order to identify the presence of potential redundant fixed monitoring stations. This approach would let to improve the AQMN performance, reduce maintenance costs of the network and consolidate the investment on those more efficient fixed stations. The chapter includes aspects relative to air pollutants measured by networks, their representativeness, limitations, importance, and the future needs. It ponders the need of re-assessment of the AQMN layout for assuring (i) a right evaluation of the human being exposure to atmospheric pollutants and controlling the environmental emissions into the atmosphere and (ii) an adequate performance of the network along time.
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Mavropoulou, Alexandra P., Alexandros D. Bechrakis Triantafyllos, and Christos D. Nikolopoulos. "Aspects of Extremely Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Cleanliness on Space Platforms." In Recent Trends on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Aeronautics and Space Applications, 127–46. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4879-0.ch005.

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Nowadays, a wide range of space missions accommodate ever-stricter electromagnetic cleanliness requirements arising either from the need for more precise measurements or from the implementation of highly sensitive equipment. Therefore, the establishment of a methodology that ensures the minimization of the electric and/or magnetic field in specific areas inside or outside the spacecraft structure is crucial. Towards this goal, the current chapter proposes that utilizing the results of a process completed during the early design stages of a mission, that is, the measurement and characterization of each implemented device, the desired elimination of the field can be achieved. In particular, the emerged electromagnetic signatures of the units are proven essential for the proposed methodology, which, using a heuristic approach, defines the optimal ordinance of the equipment that leads to system-level electromagnetic field minimization in the volume of interest. The dimensions of the devices and the effect of the conductive surfaces of the spacecraft's hull are also taken into account.
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Plant, Jane A., and Barry Smith. "Environmental Geochemistry on a Global Scale." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0028.

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Recent population growth and economic development are extending the problems associated with land degradation, pollution, urbanization, and the effects of climate change over large areas of the earth’s surface, giving increasing cause for concern about the state of the environment. Many problems are most acute in tropical, equatorial, and desert regions where the surface environment is particularly fragile because of its long history of intense chemical weathering over geological timescales. The speed and scale of the impact of human activities are now so great that, according to some authors, for example, McMichael (1993), there is the threat of global ecological disruption. Concern that human activities are unsustainable has led to the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development Our Common Future (Barnaby 1987) and the establishment of a United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development responsible for carrying out Agenda 21, the action plan of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Considerable research into the global environment is now being undertaken, especially into issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and water quality. Relatively little work has been carried out on the sustainability of the Earth’s land surface and its life support systems, however, other than on an ad-hoc basis in response to problems such as mercury poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in Amazonia or arsenic poisoning as a result of water supply problems in Bangladesh (Smedley 1999). This chapter proposes a more strategic approach to understanding the distribution and behavior of chemicals in the environment based on the preparation of a global geochemical baseline to help to sustain the Earth’s land surface based on the systematic knowledge of its geochemistry. Geochemical data contain information directly relevant to economic and environmental decisions involving mineral exploration, extraction, and processing; manufacturing industries; agriculture and forestry; many aspects of human and animal health; waste disposal; and land-use planning. A database showing the spatial variations in the abundance of chemical elements over the Earth’s surface is, therefore, a key step in embracing all aspects of environmental geochemistry. Although environmental problems do not respect political boundaries, data from one part of the world may have important implications elsewhere.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement"

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Richmond, Robert G. "The Space Radiation Environment and Its Measurement - From the Mercury Spacecraft to the Mars Mission." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941614.

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Wendel, Mark, Ashraf Ibrahim, David Felde, and Bernard Riemer. "Gas Bubble Formation in Stagnant and Flowing Mercury." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37435.

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The Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility uses a liquid mercury target that flows through a stainless steel containment vessel. As the SNS pulsed beam power level is increased, it is expected that the target vessel lifetime could become limited by cavitation damage erosion (CDE). Bubbles produced in mercury at an upwards-oriented vertical gas injector needle were observed with proton radiography (pRad) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The comparison of volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulation results to the radiographic images reveals some aspects of success and some deficiencies in predicting these high surface tension, highly buoyant, and non-wetting fluid behavior. Although several gas flows were measured with pRad, this paper focuses on the case with a low gas flow rate of 1.66 mg/min (10 sccm) through the 0.2-mm-outer-diameter injector needle. The acoustic waves emitted due to the detachment of the bubble and during subsequent bubble oscillations were also recorded with a microphone, providing a precise measurement of the bubble sizes. When the mercury is also motivated coaxially, the drag on the bubble forces earlier detachment leading to smaller bubble sizes.
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Terribile de Mattos, Luis A., Tufic Madi Filho, and Nelson Leon Meldonian. "Methodological proposal for identification and evaluation of environmental aspects and impacts of IPEN nuclear facilities: A case study applied to the Nuclear Fuel Center." In 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2013.6728022.

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Case, G. G., and R. L. Zelmer. "Comparative Experiences in Environmental Remediation of LLR Waste Sites in Diverse Canadian Environments." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4846.

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A variety of sites contaminated with legacy low-level radioactive (LLR) waste materials have been identified across Canada. Many of these sites, associated with former radium and uranium refining and processing operations, are located in urbanized areas of southern Ontario. However, other sites have been discovered at more remote locations in Canada, including northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. The diversity of waste froms, ranging from pitchblende ore and processing wastes, to discarded luminescent products, combined with construction and transportation logistical issues encountered at these sites, present ongoing challenges for the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office (LLRWMO) to overcome in meeting its mandate to resolve these legacy problems. Since its establishment in 1982, the federal government’s LLRWMO has operated programs to characterize and delineate contaminated historic waste sites across Canada. These programs have included undertaking property decontaminations, waste consolidation and interim storage projects at many sites, and participating with federal and provincial government departments and local communities to consider long-term storage and disposal opportunities. This paper compares four specific environmental remediation programs conducted by the LLRWMO within diverse Canadian settings found at Port Hope and Toronto (southern Ontario), Fort McMurray (northern Alberta), and Vancouver (west coast of British Columbia). Contaminant characterization and delineation, and remediation plan design and implementation aspects of these individual programs span the time period from the early 1980s through to 2002. The individual programs dealt with a variety of legacy waste forms that contained natural radioactive materials such as radium-226, total uranium, total thorium and thorium-230, as well as coincidental inorganic contaminants including arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium and zinc. Application of the lessons learned during these individual programs, as well as the development of new and innovative technologies to meet the specific needs of these programs, have enabled the LLRWMO to effectively and efficiently implement environmental remediation solutions that address the variety of Canada’s legacy LLR wastes.introduction.
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Gibson, Ronald F. "Sensitivity of Stiffness and Damping to Various Aspects of Material and Structural Behavior." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1617.

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Abstract This paper reviews research which has demonstrated the use of nondestructive measurements of stiffness and damping to characterize some interesting aspects of both micromechanical and macromechanical behavior in materials and structures. The sensitivity of stiffness and damping to material microstructural detail, macroscopic defects and damage, degradation due to environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture, and other mechanical properties is examined. Observed changes in stiffness and damping can be particularly useful when measured by using nondestructive vibration tests, and there are potential applications of such measurements in both manufacturing quality control and in-service evaluation of materials and structures. A particularly attractive method for fast, low cost nondestructive measurement of stiffness and damping is based on the use of impulsive excitation, non-contacting response measurement, and data analysis with PC-based virtual instruments.
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Pongpitukkul, Woraphat, Thotsaphon Chaianansutcharit, Suppakit Learduchasai, Thunyarak Suankaew, and Satiraporn Sirisampan. "Tantawan Sludge Management: Holistic Approach Introducing New Practices." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21331-ms.

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Abstract Following Tantawan field suspension of production, considerable volume of contaminated crude (high level of mercury and arsenic content) remains on board in Tantawan FPSO. These volumes are deemed as waste hydrocarbon sludge that hold no commercial value and must be urgently removed from the vessel as per safety requirements to maintain the vessel class and certification, according to Tantawan FPSO integrity condition. After review of many alternatives, offshore subsurface disposal initiative is the safest and most cost-effective means for disposal. Since subsurface disposal of such waste, highly mercury and arsenic contaminated crude, has never been performed in the Gulf of Thailand, several aspects need to be considered from technical and environmental perspective and public sector concerns. A cross functional team of Reservoir Engineer, Geologist, Facilities Engineer, Health and Safety, Policy, Government and Public Affair and commercial advisor, has co-devised a holistic waste management plan to inject waste into Tantawan reservoirs after obtaining required approvals by the government. Many challenges including limitation of the FPSO pumping system, sludge properties and seasonal increment weather, were encountered during the execution phase and many remedial actions were taken to mitigate their impact. Cross functional team initiatives on heater installation, adjusting injection procedure, and additional disposal well approval helped address project challenges. Entire volume of sludge was safely injected to subsurface reservoirs with cost effective operation. The success of this offshore injection process has reduced the cost to less than 10% compared to onshore disposal option to asset joint venture. The results set a new standard for Thailand petroleum waste management policy. Following this success, decommissioning of all remaining of Tantawan field are progressing as scheduled. This paper will outline the holistic approach of hydrocarbon sludge management process including the subsurface injection identifcation, stakeholder engagement, environmental impact assessment and execution challenges. Lessons learned from this paper would help other offshore operators to effectively manage hydrocarbon sludge, which demonstrate how the oil and gas industry plays a vital role in protecting the environment.
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ILIE, Marinela. "SMART FARMING IN CORN CULTURE." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/21.

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There is no more mechanized agricultural process that does not benefit from computerized assistance that optimizes working parameters and obtain qualitative indices of lifting, comfort and safety in the process of increased work for the user, low fuel consumption and manpower and low negative impact on the environment. The concept of "Precision agriculture” involves adjusting inputs in the agricultural system (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides), to distribute all where it is needed just as long as it takes. Measurement of differences working parameters through sensors and transducers, analysis of information received through computer systems or specific software and sending orders for modification of other parameters on tractors and machines has created the "Smart farming" system. The advantages of using smart farming are immense in all aspects. The user inserts the working parameters into the computer, monitors the processes and through the actuators execute the necessary settings. Complete and accurate information on the processed surface, fuel consumption, seed, fertilizers, pesticides, or quantities harvested in agricultural harvesting machines are received in real or centralized time. Cultivating cereal like corn can be extremely profitable regardless of the surface, but for that it is essential to observe some particularities of this plant. Romania is one of the largest maize producers in the European Union; in this article is presented all cost and also cost prognosis for smart farming in corn culture.
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Filss, Martin, and Christian Wallner. "Evaluation of the Safety of Mobile Units for the Conditioning of Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96056.

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In Germany mobile units are used to treat and condition radioactive waste. On behalf of the relevant authorities TUV SUD Industrie Service GmbH evaluates their safety. In this paper we outline the general procedure we apply and point out typical results. Generally, a generic safety case evaluates the effects of incidents and accidents and its consequences for the workers and the public. Special care is necessary to define the radioactive inventory, the nuclide composition and the mobility of the radioactive substances. A systems analysis is carried out. Typical aspects to be considered are the handling procedures, the measurement devices and automatic actions. From the various possible malfunctions the critical ones have to be identified. Generally one or only a few scenarios have to be considered in detail.
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Quercetti, Thomas, Andre Musolff, and Karsten Mu¨ller. "Instrumented Measurements on Radioactive Waste Disposal Containers During Experimental Drop Testing." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59142.

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In context with disposal container safety assessment of containers for radioactive waste the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) performed numerous drop tests in the last years. The tests were accompanied by extensive and various measurement techniques especially by instrumented measurements with strain gages and accelerometers. The instrumentation of a specimen is an important tool to evaluate its mechanical behavior during impact. Test results as deceleration-time and strain-time functions constitute a main basis for the validation of assumptions in the safety analysis and for the evaluation of calculations based on finite-element methods. Strain gauges are useful to determine the time dependent magnitude of any deformation and the associated stresses. Accelerometers are widely used for the measuring of motion i.e. speed or the displacement of the rigid cask body, vibration and shock events. In addition high-speed video technique can be used to visualize and analyze the kinematical impact scenario by motion analysis. The paper describes some selected aspects on instrumented measurements and motion analysis in context with low level radioactive waste (LLW) container drop testing.
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Colombo, Simone, Davide Manca, Sara Brambilla, Roberto Totaro, and Remo Galvagni. "Towards the Automatic Measurement of Human Performance in Virtual Environments for Industrial Safety." In ASME 2011 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2011-5564.

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Human errors during operations, probably more clearly referred to as human or action failures, play an important role in causing industrial accidents. The assessment of human performance, through the identification and measurement of human failures, is a complicated, but essential, task to accomplish in real process plants. Virtual Reality (VR) provides a suitable mean to identify human failures, measure human performance and train field operators to risky situations. Nevertheless, not all the aspects relevant to Human Factors (HF) can be easily identified, assessed and reproduced in Virtual Environments (VE). Indeed, VR seems to be better suited to measure cognitive capabilities, such as Command, Control, and Communication capabilities (commonly referred to as C3 capabilities), rather than anthropometric ones like physical coordination, precision in manipulating and ability to reach. Actually, this is certainly not due to the intrinsic nature of VR but, rather, to its current state of development. Industrial environments, if properly recreated in VR, can allow anticipating people behavior, thus enabling to identify whether critical actions have been identified and to measure human performance. Further, by changing in real-time those experiment parameters, such as weather conditions (e.g., wind speed, direction, intensity) and process variables (e.g., pressure, flow rate, heat duties), the strength of environmental stressors, singularly or in a combined fashion, on cognitive capabilities such as recognition, anticipation, prioritization, and planning, can be suitably measured and assessed. The consequences of actions performed by operators can even be experienced instantly, thus allowing for an incisive and persistent training effect. The manuscript presents an integrated approach to step towards the use of VR to (a) verify whether the identified human failure types are all of those that might occur in reality, (b) identify additional human failure types that might affect plant safety, (c) measure the influence of environmental stressors on human performance. Further, the approach presents a way to collect automatically HF data to be used and manipulated for giving rise to Human Performance Indexes (HPI). Eventually, HPI can then be of real help in supporting decision-making processes for industrial safety.
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Reports on the topic "Mercury Environmental aspects Measurement"

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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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