Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mercury

Academic literature on the topic 'Mercury'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mercury"

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CANNON, VERNON T., DELON W. BARFUSS, and RUDOLFS K. ZALUPS. "Molecular Homology and the Luminal Transport of Hg2+ in the Renal Proximal Tubule." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, no. 3 (March 2000): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v113394.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to define mechanisms involved in the luminal uptake of inorganic mercury in the kidney using isolated perfused straight (S2) segments of the proximal tubule. When mercuric conjugates of glutathione (GSH), cysteinylglycine, or cysteine (containing 203Hg2+) were perfused through the lumen, the rates of luminal disappearance flux (JD) of inorganic mercury were approximately 39, 53, and 102 fmol/min per mm, respectively. Thus, the rates of luminal uptake of mercury are greater when the mercury is in the form of a mercuric conjugate of cysteine than in the form of a mercuric conjugate of cysteinylglycine or GSH. Addition of acivicin to the perfusate, to inhibit activity of the γ-glutamyltransferase, caused significant reductions in the JD for mercury in tubules perfused with mercuric conjugates of GSH. Addition of cilastatin, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-1 (cysteinylglycinase) activity, caused significant reductions in the uptake of mercury in tubules perfused with mercuric conjugates of cysteinylglycine. These findings indicate that a significant amount of the luminal uptake of mercury, when mercuric conjugates of GSH are present in the lumen, is dependent on the activity of both γ-glutamyltransferase and cysteinylglycinase. Finally, the JD for mercury in tubules perfused with mercuric conjugates of cysteine was reduced by approximately 50% when 3.0 mM L-lysine or 5.0 mM cycloleucine was added to the perfusate. It is concluded that these findings indicate that at least some of the luminal uptake of mercuric conjugates of cysteine occurs at the site of one or more amino acid transporters via a mechanism involving molecular homology.
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McKay, S. J., J. N. Reynolds, and W. J. Racz. "Effects of mercury compounds on the spontaneous and potassium-evoked release of [3H]dopamine from mouse striatal slices." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-254.

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The effects of mercury compounds on the spontaneous and potassium-evoked release of [3H]dopamine from mouse striatal slices have been examined. All mercury compounds examined produced concentration-dependent increases in the spontaneous release of [3H]dopamine, with an order of potency of methylmercury > mercuric (Hg2+) mercury >p-choloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid. Methylmercury had no effect on the 25 mM potassium evoked release of [3H]dopamine in the presence of 1.3 mM calcium. However, in calcium-free conditions, methylmercury significantly increased the potassium-evoked release of [3H]dopamine. Mercuric mercury significantly reduced the 25 mM potassium evoked release of [3H]dopamine in the presence of 1.3 mM calcium, and this response was not reversible with brief washing of the tissue. In calcium-free conditions, mercuric mercury significantly elevated the evoked release of [3H]dopamine, similar to the result obtained with methylmercury. It is suggested that mercury compounds alter dopaminergic synaptic function, possibly by disrupting calcium homeostasis or calcium-dependent processes, and that methylmercury and mercuric mercury can have differential effects to alter dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Kanhiya Mahour. "Mercury retention after Panax ginseng treatment against mercuric chloride intoxication in hepato-haemato indices in albino rats." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.13.2.0113.

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Mercuric chloride was introduced per Os in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) as per the LD50 (9.26 mg/kg b.w.). The assessment of mercuric chloride toxicity was done both after acute (0.926 mg/kg b.w.) and sub-acute (0.033 mg/kg b.w.) per Os treatment, while Panax ginseng was also introduced (10 mg/kg b.w.) per Os in the albino rats separately. Mercuric chloride treatment significantly increases mercury retention in liver and blood serum along with increase in liver weight, while Panax ginseng alone caused significant decrease in liver weight and mercury retention in liver and blood. Increase in mercury retention in blood serum and liver is due to the reactivity between –SH protein of blood serum and liver with oxidized form of mercury (Hg++), while decrease in Panax ginseng treatment is due to antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng the ginsenosides. Moreover, mercuric chloride followed by Panax ginseng and Panax ginseng followed by mercuric chloride treatment revealed significant modulation for raised mercury retention and liver weight towards normal level along with blood serum and liver changes. The results suggest a modulating role of Panax ginseng extract against raised mercury concentration in blood serum and liver under stress of mercuric chloride.
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Degila, Hermione W., N. B. Nadia Azon, Julien G. Adounkpe, A. V. Onésime Akowanou, and Martin P. Aïna. "Mercure: sources d’émission, toxicité, contamination du milieu aquatique et particularité du Benin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 3429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.36.

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La prise de conscience collective du pouvoir létal du mercure suite aux intoxications massives au Japon et en Irak ont conduit à l’adoption de la convention de Minamata sur le mercure que le Bénin a signé et ratifié. Le présent article fait la synthèse des connaissances sur son émission, sa toxicité en milieu aquatique avec un accent sur la contamination aquatique au Bénin. Pour y parvenir, des publications scientifiques et les archives des ministères de l’environnement et de la santé au Bénin ont été consultées. Il ressort que, la production artisanale à petite échelle de l’or et la combustion de charbon constituent les principales sources d’émission de mercure dans le monde avec respectivement 37,1% et 24,2% des émissions anthropiques. Au Bénin, les piles contenant du mercure (49%) l’orpaillage artisanal (22%) et les dépôts informels de déchets généraux (13%) sont les principales sources potentielles d’émission anthropique. Les régions actuellement les plus émettrices de mercure sont l’Asie et l’Afrique sub-saharienne avec respectivement 50% et 16,8% des émissions anthropiques. La formation du méthylmercure en milieu aquatique sous l’influence de divers facteurs et sa bioaccumulation sont principalement responsable des effets toxiques sur l’homme.Mots clés : Environnement, pollution, mercure, méthyl mercure, milieu aquatique, toxicité.English Title: Mercury: sources of emission, toxicity, contamination of aquatic environment and particularity of Benin republic.The massive mercury poisoning that has occurred in Japan and Iraq has led to a global awareness of the lethal power of this metal with the adoption by the international community of the Minamata Convention signed and ratified by Benin Republic. This article aims to synthesize knowledge on mercury through its emission sources, its toxicity with a focus on aquatic contamination in Benin. Thus, a review of scientific publications as well as the consultation of the archives of the Ministries of Environment and Health in Benin were carried out. Analyses of the various documents show that artisanal small-scale gold production and coal combustion are the main sources of mercury emission worldwide, with respectively 37.1% and 24.2% of anthropogenic emissions. Asia and sub-Saharan Africa would be the largest contributors to anthropogenic emissions with respectively 50% and 16.8%. In Benin, the main potential sources of anthropogenic emissions are mercury containing batteries (49%), followed by artisanal gold panning (22%) and informal deposits of general waste (13%). With regard to the behavior of mercury in the aquatic environment and its toxicity, it appears that methyl mercury is mainly responsible for toxic effects.Keywords: Environment, pollution, mercury, methyl mercury, aquatic environment, toxicity Bénin.
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Staun, Chris, Neetu Bansal, and James Vaughan. "Electrocrystallization and solubility of mercury in alkaline solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 4 (April 2018): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0592.

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The chemical thermodynamics of mercury in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution has been investigated through electrochemical polarisation and solubility experiments. A review of thermodynamic data allowed determination of the Hg/HgO electrode potential. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a complex anodic reaction beginning with aqueous dissolution of elemental mercury and subsequent electrocrystallization of mercuric oxide. Cathodic sweeps showed dual reduction reactions, attributed to the presence of aqueous mercury and mercuric oxide. The solubility and hence activity of elemental mercury in sodium hydroxide solution was determined, otherwise known as the Sechenov salt effect. Sodium hydroxide salted mercury out of solution.
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Purkan, Purkan, Yuliana Firdausi Nuzulla, Sofijan Hadi, and Endang Triwahyu Prasetyawati. "Biochemical Properties of Mercuric Reductase from Local Isolate of Bacillus sp for Bioremediation Agent." Molekul 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2017.12.2.398.

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Mercuric reductase is the important enzyme which catalyzes a reduction of a toxic Hg2+ to non-toxic Hg0. The enzyme which has been potentially used as mercury bioremediation agent is produced by mercury resistant bacteria. These research aims are to determinate the resistance level of a local Bacillus sp to HgCl2 in media, to determine the mercuric reductase activity from the bacteria, and to determine the biochemical properties of the mercuric reductase. The Bacillus sp was grown in the Nutrient Broth media with various of 0; 20; 40; 60; 120; and 160 µM HgCl2 to know the response of the bacteria against mercury, The cell growth of Bacillus sp was measured by optical density (OD) method of at λ 600 nm. The mercuric reductase activity was assayed in the solution of MRA (Mercury Reductase Assay), then the oxidized NADPH was observed by the spectrophotometry method at λ340 nm. The result showed that the Bacillus sp has been resistant to media containing mercury at 120 µM, but the microbial growth was decreased by 50% in media containing mercury 80 µM. The Bacillus sp could produce highly the mercuric reductase enzyme at 16 hours of growth time with enzyme activity as 0.574 Unit/µg. The mercuric reductase from the bacteria has an optimum activity at pH 6 and temperature 37 °C
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YOSHITOMI, TOMOYASU, NAOKI YAGINUMA, HIROYUKI ISO, TAKAHIRO ISHIKAWA, HITOSHI IMASEKI, and SHINO HOMMA-TAKEDA. "MERCURY DISTRIBUTION BY MICRO PIXE ANALYSIS IN STENOPSYCHE MARMORATA EXPOSED TO MERCURIC CHLORIDE." International Journal of PIXE 18, no. 01n02 (January 2008): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083508001363.

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Aquatic insects, such as caddisflies, are used as reference organisms for water pollution. The precise distribution of contaminated metals in the insect, however, remains unknown. In this study, we used micro PIXE analysis to examine mercury distribution in Stenopsyche marmorata, a typical caddisfly, exposed to mercuric chloride. The mercury level in the caddisflies after exposure to mercuric chloride at 1 mg/L for 5 days was 93.3 ± 25.0 μ g/g wet weight. Micro PIXE analysis also revealed a site-specific distribution of mercury in the insects. Mercury was high in the digestive tract, where it was localized in the basement membrane and the peritrophic membrane. Mercury was also detected in the tissue surrounding the digestive tract. Further examination of the tissue identified mercury in the fat body but not in the silk gland.
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Ma, Lin Zhuan, Jun Ming Guo, Ying Jie Zhang, Qiong Fang Cui, Man Hong Liu, Hong Bin Wang, and Wei Bai. "Mercury’s Leaching Contamination in Soil Environment." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.117.

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Mercury is a material with serious toxicity, and superfluous mercury can pollute large areas. The paper studied the reaction time, pH of the leaching solution, the concentration of mercury of the leaching solution’s effect for mercury’s absorption characterstic and three synergistic effect. The paper obtained some basic data about soil’s mercury pollution.
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Farooqi, Asifa, Ghufranud Din, Rameesha Hayat, Malik Badshah, Samiullah Khan, and Aamer Ali Shah. "Characterization of Bacillus nealsonii strain KBH10 capable of reducing aqueous mercury in laboratory-scale reactor." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 9 (March 26, 2021): 2287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.122.

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Abstract The environmental release of mercury is continuously increasing with high degree of mobility, transformation and amplified toxicity. Improving remediation strategies is becoming increasingly important to achieve more stringent environmental safety standards. This study develops a laboratory-scale reactor for bioremediation of aqueous mercury using a biofilm-producing bacterial strain, KBH10, isolated from mercury-polluted soil. The strain was found resistant to 80 mg/L of HgCl2 and identified as Bacillus nealsonii via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain KBH10 was characterized for optimum growth parameters and its mercury biotransformation potential was validated through mercuric reductase assay. A packed-bed column bioreactor was designed for biofilm-mediated mercury removal from artificially contaminated water and residual mercury was estimated. Strain KBH10 could grow at a range of temperature (20–50 °C) and pH (6.0–9.0) with optimum temperature established at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The optimum mercuric reductase activity (77.8 ± 1.7 U/mg) was reported at 30 °C and was stable at a temperature range of 20–50 °C. The residual mercury analysis of artificially contaminated water indicated 60.6 ± 1.5% reduction in mercury content within 5 h of exposure. This regenerative process of biofilm-mediated mercury removal in a packed-bed column bioreactor can provide new insight into its potential use in mercury bioremediation.
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Guzzi, Gianpaolo, Paolo D. Pigatto, Francesco Spadari, and Caterina A. M. La Porta. "Effect of thimerosal, methylmercury, and mercuric chloride in Jurkat T Cell Line." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-012-0026-1.

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ABSTRACT Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that causes a wide range of adverse health effects in humans. Three forms of mercury exist: elemental, inorganic and organic. Each of them has its own profile of toxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of thimerosal, a topical antiseptic and preservative in vaccines routinely given to children, methyl mercury, and mercuric chloride on cellular viability measured by MTT in Jurkat T cells, a human T leukemia cell line. The treatment of Jurkat T cells with thimerosal caused a significant decrease in cellular viability at 1 μM (25%, p<0.05; IC50: 10 μM). Methyl mercury exhibited a significant decrease in cellular viability at 50 μM (33%, p<0.01; IC50: 65 μM). Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) did not show any significant change in cellular survival. Our findings showed that contrary to thimerosal and methyl mercury, mercuric chloride did not modify Jurkat T cell viability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mercury"

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Archer, Neil Andrew. "Mercury diffusion in cadmium mercury telluride." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262522.

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Gaines, Adrienne. "Mercury." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5741.

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Mercury is a collection of short stories based in the fictional town of Mercury, Georgia. Set over the course of several decades, the stories trace the events that changed individuals, families, and a whole community for decades. Loosely based on the author's real-life family history, the stories, both humorous and heartbreaking, show characters caught between the past and the present and searching for a way forward. A girl who makes friends with a ghost, a woman who can't help but run from crying babies, a man forced to face the town's darkest side—these and other characters respond in surprising ways to circumstances that are both ordinary and extraordinary. Most of the stories in the collection are linked, showing the interconnectedness of the lives in this small town. The pieces work together to present a larger narrative of how the characters and the town struggle to change, survive, hope, and face the future.
M.F.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Humanities
Creative Writing
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Enrico, Maxime. "Atmospheric mercury deposition and mercury stable isotope compositions in peat bogs." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0103/document.

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Les tourbières sont communément utilisées comme archives de dépôts de mercure (Hg). De nombreuses études ces dernières décennies ont montré que les taux d’accumulation de Hg (HgARs) ont augmenté en réponse à l’industrialisation. Les signatures isotopiques en Hg se révèlent très utiles pour mieux caractériser les dépôts de Hg. Elles ont permis de montrer que les dépôts secs de Hg élémentaire gazeux (GEM) dominent les dépôts de Hg sur la tourbière du Pinet. L’analyse d’échantillons de tourbe provenant de plusieurs tourbières en hémisphère nord montre que les dépôts secs de GEM dominent globalement les dépôts de Hg. Les tourbières pourraient donc être utilisées comme archives à la fois des dépôts humides et des concentrations en GEM pendant l’Holocène. On présente la première reconstruction quantitative des concentrations passées en GEM à partir de carottes de tourbe. L’impact de l’Homme sur le cycle du Hg a eu pour conséquence une augmentation graduelle des concentrations en GEM de 0,2 (10 000 – 4000 BP) à 3,5 ng m-3 (20ème siècle), accompagnée par des modifications de signatures isotopiques du Hg atmosphérique. Cette première utilisation de tourbières comme archives de concentration et d’isotopie du GEM est prometteuse, et devrait être étendue à la période pré-anthropique pour étudier les variations naturelles du cycle du Hg pendant l’Holocène
During the past few decades, peatlands were successfully used to investigate historical mercury (Hg) deposition. The chronology of Hg accumulation rates (HgARs) to peatlands is well constrained, with recent increases in HgAR associated with anthropogenic Hg emissions and deposition. The use of Hg stable isotopes in peatland ecosystems provides new opportunities to better characterize and understand historical Hg deposition. In an extensive study conducted at the Pinet peat bog (French Pyrenees) we identify gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) dry deposition, via foliar uptake, as the dominant Hg transfer pathway from the atmosphere to peat vegetation. Based on the Hg isotope analysis of multiple northern hemispheric peat records, we find that GEM dry deposition dominates Hg deposition globally. We suggest that peatlands can be used as archives of both past Hg wet deposition, Hg dry deposition and GEM concentration. We present the first quantitative reconstruction of historical atmospheric GEM concentrations using peat archives from the Pyrenees. The Human impact on Hg cycling caused a gradual increase in GEM concentrations from 0.2 (10,000 – 4000 BP) to 3.5 ng m-3 (20th Century) and was accompanied by a change in atmospheric Hg isotope signatures. This first comprehensive study on Hg isotope deposition to peatlands is promising and should be extended to pre-anthropogenic times to investigate natural variations in atmospheric Hg dynamics during the Holocene
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Mercury Rising." Office of the Vice President Research, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2768.

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Wihlborg, Peter. "Catching mercury : mercury in Lake Vänern and Swedish catchments /." Linköping : Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, 2006. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2006/arts351s.pdf.

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Woolf, Vincent Martell. "Mercury elemental and isotopic abundances in mercury-manganese stars /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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O'Driscoll, Nelson James. "Dissolved gaseous mercury dynamics and mercury volatilization in freshwater lakes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29035.

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This thesis examines the production and distribution of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in freshwater ecosystems and its relationship to mercury volatilization. The importance of volatilization was assessed within a multidisciplinary mercury mass balance for Big Dam West Lake (BDW) Kejimkujik Park, Nova Scotia. The magnitude of volatilization was found to be approximately double the direct wet deposition over lake and wetlands, and 27% of the direct wet deposition to the terrestrial catchment. Over the entire basin area the mass of mercury volatilized is 46% of the mass deposited by wet deposition. A new method of continuous (5 minute) DGM analysis was developed and tested. The detection limit for DGM was 20 fmol L-1 with 99% removal efficiency. Control experiments showed that there was no interference due to methyl mercury, which is present in similar concentrations to DGM. Experiments comparing continuous DGM analysis with discrete DGM analysis showed that the results are not significantly affected by typical variations in water temperature (4--30°C), oxidation-reduction potential (135--355 mV), dissolved organic carbon (4.5--10.5 mg L-1), or pH (3.5--7.8). The continuous analysis was within 4.5% of the discrete analysis when compared across 12 samples analyzed in triplicate. Diurnal patterns for dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and mercury flux were measured (using this new DGM method and a Teflon flux chamber method) in two lakes with contrasting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in Kejimkujik Park, Nova Scotia. Consistently higher DGM concentrations were found in the high DOC lake as compared to the low DOC lake. Cross-correlation analysis indicated that DGM dynamics changed in response to solar radiation with lag-times of 65 and 90 minutes. An examination of current mercury flux models using this quantitative data indicated some good correlations between the data and predicted flux (r ranging from 0.27 to 0.83) but generally poor fit (standard deviation of residuals ranging from 0.97 to 3.38). This research indicates that DOC and wind speed may play important roles in DGM and mercury flux dynamics that have not been adequately accounted for in current predictive models. The distribution of DGM in the water columns of shallow and deep freshwater lakes was investigated in Lake Ontario and several small freshwater lakes. When DGM concentrations were expressed on an areal basis, DGM concentrations above the thermocline in Lake Ontario average 1.5 ng m-2 and in small freshwater lakes it ranged between 0.1 and 0.8 ng m -2. Further, it was demonstrated that the majority of DGM in large freshwater lakes such as Lake Ontario exists below the thermocline where photochemical oxidation and reduction processes cannot occur. The depth profiles indicate that vertical mixing in the water column may alter the DGM concentration in the upper epilimnion, and that turn over in deep lakes may result in a transfer of large concentrations of DGM from the hypolimnion into the epilimnion. In addition, the results indicate that microbial processes may be an important factor regulating DGM in the water column of freshwater lakes, particularly in the hypolimnion. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Vieira, Hugo Miguel Coelho da Silva. "Mercury bioaccumulation, human exposure, and fish consumption recommendations regarding mercury intake." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14772.

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Mestrado em Biologia Marinha
Mercury (Hg) is classified as a pollutant of primary importance because of its high degree of toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulative properties, especially in the aquatic environment. It is released from natural and anthropogenic sources, and once in the environment, the inorganic Hg can be converted in to organic Hg (Methylmercury – MeHg) through bacterial processes. MeHg tends to bioaccumulate and biomagnify through the food web, representing a serious risk to human health. Due to the health risks of excessive Hg exposure, international agencies such as the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) have established safety levels (reference doses (RfD)) of daily exposure, being the Hg concentration present in human hair used to estimate MeHg exposure. Fish is an important component of a healthy diet for the human population and the fish consumption is expected to be relatively stable in the next two decades; however, fish is also considered a major source of MeHg exposure to human population. The key question of the present study was evaluating the Hg bioaccumulation in humans based in fish consumption. Specific tasks were delineated: (i) evaluatue the human exposure to Hg via fish consumption using a food frequency questionnaire, (ii) assess Hg exposure through Hg measurement in the hair, (iii) evaluate the Hg intake levels, through the application of formulas established by the World Health Organization, (iv) review fish consumption data, Mercury Tolerable intake values and Hg content in fish, based in several reports from Food and Agriculture Organization and European Union and (v) calculation and establishment of isocurves describing the maximum number of fishmeal per week without exceeding the MeHg Rfd (USEPA RfD), by combining number of meals (per week), amount of fish ingested (by meal) and levels of MeHg in fish. Overall data indicate that individuals consuming the highest number of fishmeals per week, also generally showed increased Hg levels in the scalp hair; however, the risk alert of the mercury exposure should not be considered. The real (quantified) and potential (extrapolated) Hg levels in human scalp of adolescents diverge as fish consumption increases, being the effective Hg uptake lower than the expected levels, emphasizing the ability of the human body to induce a self protection response, meaning that MeHg assimilation is probably minimized by detoxification mechanisms. As a final remark, considering the intake of Hg through fish consumption as the main route exposure, the study points out that even a small meal of 50g fish with 0.84 μg g-1 of MeHg per week would reach the USEPA RfD levels, despite the 1.0 μg g-1 of MeHg in fish are being allowed in fish consumption.
O Mercúrio (Hg) é classificado como um dos poluentes mais importantes devido ao seu alto grau de toxicidade, persistência e à sua capacidade de bioacumulação, especialmente no ambiente aquático. Este é libertado a partir de fontes naturais e antropogénicas, e uma vez no ambiente, o Hg inorgânico libertado pode ser convertido em Hg orgânico (metilmercúrio - MeHg) através de processos bacterianos. O MeHg tende a bioacumular e a biomagnificar ao longo da cadeia trófica, representando um sério risco para a saúde humana. Devido a estes riscos resultantes da exposição excessiva ao Hg, agências internacionais, como a USEPA (Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos) estabeleceram níveis de segurança (doses de referência (DRf)) de exposição diária, sendo a concentração de Hg presente no cabelo humano utilizada para estimar esta exposição. O peixe é uma componente importante de uma dieta saudável para a população humana e o consumo de peixe deverá ser relativamente estável nas próximas duas décadas. No entanto, o peixe também é considerado uma das principais fontes de exposição a MeHg para a população humana. Este estudo teve como questão central a avaliação da bioacumulação de Hg em humanos face ao padrão de consumo de peixe, sendo delineados os seguintes objetivos específicos: (i) avaliar a exposição humana ao Hg face ao consumo de peixe utilizando um questionário de frequência alimentar, (ii) avaliar a exposição ao Hg através da quantificação de Hg no cabelo humano, (iii) avaliar os potenciais níveis de ingestão de Hg, através da aplicação de fórmula estabelecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, (iv) rever dados de consumo de peixe, valores de ingestão de Hg e conteúdo de Hg em peixes, com base em vários relatórios da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e Agricultura, assim como, da União Europeia e (v) calcular linhas de tendência (isocurvas) descrevendo o número máximo de refeições de peixe por semana, sem exceder a DRf para o MeHg (USEPA DRf), combinando o número de refeições de peixe (por semana), a quantidade de peixe ingerido (por refeição) e a [MeHg] no peixe consumido. Os resultados revelam que os indivíduos que indicaram consumir um maior número de refeições de peixe por semana, também apresentam em regra níveis mais altos de Hg no cabelo; no entanto, o risco de alerta para a exposição ao Hg não deve ser considerado. Os níveis reais (quantificados) e valores potenciais (extrapolados) de Hg no cabelo dos adolescentes divergiram quando aumentou o consumo de peixe, sendo menor a absorção de Hg real comparativamente ao valor esperado, dando relevo à capacidade do corpo humano induzir uma resposta de auto-protecção, sendo a absorção de MeHg provavelmente minimizada por mecanismos de desintoxicação. O estudo salienta que mesmo uma pequena refeição de 50g de peixe com 0,84 μg g-1 de MeHg por semana alcançaria do valor estabelecido para a ingestão de MeHg (DRf USEPA), apesar de ser permitido o consumo de peixe com valores de 1,0 μg g-1 de MeHg.
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Sanz, Sáez Isabel. "Contribution of marine heterotrophic cultured bacteria to microbial diversity and mercury detoxification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671617.

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Els oceans conten aproximadament un total de 10^29 cèl·lules microbianes. Els bacteris marins són responsables de la major part de la respiració que es produeix en l’oceà i són essencials en els cicles biogeoquímics de la Terra. Estudiar la diversitat bacteriana dels ecosistemes marins i tenir accés als genomes mitjançant estudis dependents o independents de cultiu és important per desxifrar el potencial metabòlic dels bacteris marins. El cultius ens aporten informació sobre la fisiologia bacteriana, ecologia i contingut genòmic, però la majoria dels esforços en aïllar bacteris marins provenen de la zona fòtica de l’oceà, deixant les profunditats marines menys explorades. En aquesta tesi, tècniques estàndard de cultiu han permès crear una col·lecció marina de cultius de bacteris heterotròfics (MARINHET), composada per més de 2000 aïllats, recuperats de diverses regions oceanogràfiques, de diverses profunditats (superfície, mesopelàgic i batipelàgic) i cobrint diverses estacions i anys. El Capítol 1 descriu la seva taxonomia, diversitat filogenètica i biogeografia i revela que un 37% de les soques aïllades són 100% idèntiques en el gen ribosomal 16S (16S rRNA) entre la zona fòtica (superfície) i afòtica (mesopelàgic i batipelàgic). A més, hem identificat Alteromonas i Erythrobacter entre els gèneres marins heterotròfics més comuns que recuperem en cultiu usant un medi marí estàndard. Les tècniques tradicionals de cultiu generalment només recuperen una fracció petita de les comunitats bacterianes naturals, fenomen conegut com ‘la gran anomalia de recompte en placa’ i moltes de les soques que s’aïllen pertanyen a la biosfera rara. Tanmateix, no coneixem si aquests patrons, normalment descrits per als bacteris de la zona fòtica, també s’apliquen als bacteris de les profunditats. En el Capítol 2 he combinat els resultats obtinguts mitjançant tècniques dependents i independents de cultiu comparant les seqüències del 16S rRNA de la col·lecció MARINHET contra fragments de seqüenciació massiva del 16S rRNA, tant d’amplicons com de metagenomes, obtinguts de mostres globalment distribuïdes i de diferents profunditats. Trobem que una major proporció dels bacteris de l’oceà profund són cultivables i una fracció important dels aïllats té preferència a un estil de vida adherit a partícules. A més, confirmem que el dogma ‘menys de l’1% dels bacteris són cultivables’ ha de ser revisat ja que trobem variabilitat en les mostres de l’oceà profund, on fins a un 3% de les cèl·lules han sigut cultivades. Els aïllats bacterians són un excel·lent material per a aplicacions biotecnològiques com la bioremediació de zones marines contaminades. El mercuri és un metall pesat tòxic i la seva forma més perillosa, el metilmercuri (MeHg), es bioacumula a la cadena tròfica marina. No obstant això, es coneix molt poc la tolerància de bacteris marins enfront del mercuri o la fisiologia d’aquelles soques que codifiquen l’operó dels gens de resistència (operó mer). El Capítol 3 descriu els resultats del mapeig funcional dels gens merA i merB, clau en la detoxificació, en una fracció de la col·lecció MARINHET. Ens centrem en dos generes marins, amb un potencial genètic per a la degradació del mercuri conegut, com són Alteromonas i Marinobacter. Revelem que els gens merAB estan àmpliament distribuïts en diferents regions oceanogràfiques i en diverses profunditats. Addicionalment, hem seleccionat una soca d’ Alteromonas mediterranea per a futurs estudis de bioremediació degut a la seva alta tolerància i capacitat de degradació de diferents formes de mercuri.
Los océanos contienen aproximadamente un total de 10^29 células microbianas. Las bacterias marinas son responsables de la mayor parte de la respiración que se produce en el océano y son esenciales en los ciclos biogeoquímicos de la Tierra. Estudiar la diversidad bacteriana de los ecosistemas marinos y tener acceso a los genomas mediante estudios dependientes e independientes de cultivo es importante para descifrar el potencial metabólico de las bacterias marinas. Los cultivos nos aportan información sobre la fisiología bacteriana, ecología y contenido genómico, pero la mayoría de los esfuerzos en aislar bacteria marinas provienen de la zona fótica del océano, dejando las profundidades marinas menos exploradas. En esta tesis, técnicas estándar de cultivo han permitido crear una colección marina de bacterias heterótrofas (MARINHET), compuesta por más de 2000 aislados, recuperados de varias regiones oceanográficas, de varias profundidades (superficie, mesopelágico y batipelágico), y cubriendo varias estaciones y años. El Capítulo 1 describe su taxonomía, diversidad filogenética y biogeografía y revela que un 37% de las cepas son 100% idénticas en la secuencia parcial del gen ribosomal 16S (16S rRNA) entre la zona fótica (superficie) y afótica (mesopelágico y batipelágico). Además, hemos identificado Alteromonas y Erythrobacter entre los géneros marinos heterótrofos más comunes que recuperamos en cultivo usando un medio marino estándar. Las técnicas tradicionales de cultivo generalmente solo recuperan una fracción pequeña de las comunidades bacterianas naturales, fenómeno conocido como ‘la gran anomalía de recuento en placa’ y muchas de las cepas que se aíslan pertenecen a la biosfera rara. Sin embargo, no conocemos si estos patrones, normalmente descritos para las bacterias de superficie, también se aplican en las profundidades. En el Capítulo 2 he combinado resultados obtenidos mediante técnicas dependientes e independientes de cultivo comparando las secuencias del 16S rRNA de la colección MARINHET contra los fragmentos de secuenciación masiva del 16S rRNA (de amplicones y metagenomas), obtenidos de muestras globalmente distribuidas y de diferentes profundidades. Una mayor proporción de las bacterias del océano profundo son cultivables y una fracción importante de los aislados tiene preferencia a un estilo de vida adherido a partículas. Además, confirmamos que el dogma ‘menos del 1% de las bacterias son cultivables’ deber ser revisado ya que encontramos variabilidad en las muestras de profundidad, donde hasta un 3% de las células se han podido aislar. Los aislados bacterianos son un excelente material para aplicaciones biotecnológicas, como la biorremediación de zonas marinas contaminadas. El mercurio es un metal pesado tóxico y su forma más peligrosa, el metilmercurio (MeHg), se bioacumula en la cadena trófica marina. No obstante, se conoce muy poco la tolerancia de bacterias marinas frente al mercurio o la fisiológia de aquellas cepas que codifican los genes de resistencia (operón mer). El Capítulo 3 describe los resultados del mapeo funcional de los genes merA y merB, clave en la detoxificación, en una fracción de la colección MARINHET. Nos centramos en dos géneros marinos, con un potencial genético para la degradación del mercurio previamente descrito en la literatura, como son Alteromonas y Marinobacter. Desvelamos que los genes merAB están ampliamente distribuidos en diferentes regiones oceanográficas y en varias profundidades. Adicionalmente, hemos seleccionado una cepa de Alteromonas mediterranea para futuros estudios de biorremediación debido a su alta tolerancia y capacidad de degradación de diferentes formas de mercurio.
The world’s oceans sustain the life for an estimated total of 10^29 microbial cells. Marine bacteria are responsible for most part of the ocean respiration and are key in most biogeochemical cycles of the Earth. Accordingly, the study of the bacterial diversity present in different marine ecosystems is essential, and having access to their genomes through isolation or genomic centric studies is important to decipher their metabolic potential. Isolation of marine microorganisms is fundamental to gather information about their physiology, ecology and genomic content. To date, most of the bacterial isolation efforts have focused on the photic ocean leaving the deep ocean less explored. In this thesis, standard plating techniques allowed to create a marine culture collection of heterotrophic bacteria (MARINHET). More than 2000 isolates were retrieved from samples collected from a variety of oceanographic regions, from different depths including surface, mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters, and also covering different seasons and years. Chapter 1 describes the taxonomy, the phylogenetic diversity and the biogeography of culturable heterotrophic marine bacteria, and reveals that an important percentage of the strains (37%) are 100% identical in their partial 16S rRNA gene between photic and aphotic layers. In addition, we identified Alteromonas and Erythrobacter genera as the most frequently retrieved heterotrophic bacteria from the ocean in standard marine agar medium. It is a long-standing observation that traditional culture techniques only retrieve a small fraction of the microbial diversity found in natural environments including marine ecosystems, what is known as ‘the great plate count anomaly’. In addition, most of the retrieved isolates belong to the so-called rare biosphere. However, we do not know if these patterns, usually described for bacteria living in the photic ocean, also apply for the deep ocean bacteria. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, I combined results from culture-dependent and -independent techniques by comparing the 16S rRNA partial sequences of the MARINHET isolates with 16S rRNA amplicon Illumina TAGs (16S iTAGs) and metagenomic TAGs (miTAGs) from surface, mesopelagic and bathypelagic samples globally distributed. A high proportion of bacteria inhabiting the deep ocean could be retrieved by pure culture techniques and a significant fraction of the isolates preferred a lifestyle attached to particles. Additionally, I revised the axiom that ‘less than 1% of bacteria can be cultured’, finding variability between mesopelagic and bathypelagic samples, where up to 3% of the cells could be cultured. Bacterial isolates also represent a valuable genetic reservoir for biotechnology applications, such as bioremediation strategies of marine polluted environments. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the planet and its most dangerous form, methylmercury (MeHg), is being bioaccumulated in the marine food web. However, little is known about the tolerance capacity and phenotypic characterization of marine bacteria codifying the mercury resistance operon (mer operon). Chapter 3 describes the functional screening of merA and merB genes, which are key in the mercury detoxification process, in well know marine genera with described genetic potential for mercury detoxification, such as Alteromonas and Marinobacter. I reported that the merAB genes from these two genera are widely distributed in different oceanographic regions and depths. In addition, I selected a promising candidate, phylogenetically affiliated to Alteromonas mediterranea, for future bioremediation studies due to its high tolerance and degradation ability of different mercury forms.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Microbiologia
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Wan, Yanjun. "Simple Molecule Mercury Sensor." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08082008-132023/.

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Several molecules previously produced from a nitrile-based cascade cyclization were examined as potential mercury sensors. Various analytical parameters, including fluorescence quantum yield, UV shift, fluorescence quenching, binding constant, binding ratio, and lowest detection limit, were measured. The best mercury sensor molecule was found to be molecule 3c, which could be easily synthesized in gram quantities (3 steps, 55% overall yield). This molecule has a very high fluorescence quantum yield (Φ = 0.87), high sensitivity and selectivity towards mercury ion in both organic and aqueous media. The overall performance of molecule 3c is as good as, or better than, the majority of organic dye based mercury sensors reported to date.
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Books on the topic "Mercury"

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Adamson, Thomas K. Mercurio =: Mercury. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2005.

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Brimner, Larry Dane. Mercury. New York: Children's Press, 1998.

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Isaac Asimov. Mercury. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2002.

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Zobel, Derek. Mercury. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2010.

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Sparrow, Giles. Mercury. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2001.

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Mahoney, T. J. Mercury. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7951-2.

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Balogh, André, Leonid Ksanfomality, and Rudolf von Steiger, eds. Mercury. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77539-5.

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Margaret, Amy. Mercury. New York: PowerKids Press, 2001.

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Vogt, Gregory. Mercury. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1994.

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National Geographic Society (U.S.), ed. Mercury. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mercury"

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Mahoney, T. J. "Mercury: An Overview." In Mercury, 1–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7951-2_1.

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Mahoney, T. J. "Glossary of Terms Used." In Mercury, 27–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7951-2_2.

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Mahoney, T. J. "Gazetteer of Mercury." In Mercury, 47–123. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7951-2_3.

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Mahoney, T. J. "Classified Index of Surface Features on Mercury." In Mercury, 125–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7951-2_4.

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Mahoney, T. J. "Mercury Atlas." In Mercury, 133–262. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7951-2_5.

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Balogh, André, Leonid Ksanfomality, and Rudolf von Steiger. "Introduction." In Mercury, 1–5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77539-5_1.

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Killen, Rosemary, Gabrielle Cremonese, Helmut Lammer, Stefano Orsini, Andrew E. Potter, Ann L. Sprague, Peter Wurz, et al. "Processes that Promote and Deplete the Exosphere of Mercury." In Mercury, 251–327. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77539-5_10.

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Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz, Jan Grosser, Uli Auster, Dragos Constantinescu, Yasuhito Narita, and Stephan Stellmach. "Electromagnetic Induction Effects and Dynamo Action in the Hermean System." In Mercury, 329–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77539-5_11.

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Fujimoto, M., W. Baumjohann, K. Kabin, R. Nakamura, J. A. Slavin, N. Terada, and L. Zelenyi. "Hermean Magnetosphere-Solar Wind Interaction." In Mercury, 347–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77539-5_12.

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Orsini, S., L. G. Blomberg, D. Delcourt, R. Grard, S. Massetti, K. Seki, and J. Slavin. "Magnetosphere–Exosphere–Surface Coupling at Mercury." In Mercury, 369–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77539-5_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mercury"

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Gandhi, Rohan, Aayush Gupta, Anna Povzner, Wendy Belluomini, and Tim Kaldewey. "Mercury." In the 6th International Systems and Storage Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2485732.2485746.

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Huget, Marc-Philippe. "Mercury." In the 8th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1416729.1416768.

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Clinch, Sarah, Mateusz Mikusz, Miriam Greis, Nigel Davies, and Adrian Friday. "Mercury." In UbiComp '14: The 2014 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2636080.

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Williams, Alex C., Harmanpreet Kaur, Shamsi Iqbal, Ryen W. White, Jaime Teevan, and Adam Fourney. "Mercury." In UIST '19: The 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347932.

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Bharambe, Ashwin R., Sanjay Rao, and Srinivasan Seshan. "Mercury." In the 1st workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/566500.566501.

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Lorincz, Konrad, Bor-rong Chen, Geoffrey Werner Challen, Atanu Roy Chowdhury, Shyamal Patel, Paolo Bonato, and Matt Welsh. "Mercury." In the 7th ACM Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1644038.1644057.

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Silva, João Nuno, Luís Veiga, and Paulo Ferreira. "Mercury." In the 8th International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1658185.1658186.

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Bharambe, Ashwin R., Mukesh Agrawal, and Srinivasan Seshan. "Mercury." In the 2004 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1015467.1015507.

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Elvezio, Carmine, Mengu Sukan, and Steven Feiner. "Mercury." In CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174162.

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Zeng, Xiao, Ming Yan, and Mi Zhang. "Mercury." In SenSys '21: The 19th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485730.3485930.

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Reports on the topic "Mercury"

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Douglas, Thomas, and Joel Blum. Mercury isotopes reveal atmospheric gaseous mercury deposition directly to the Arctic coastal snowpack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41046.

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Springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) lead to snow with elevated mercury concentrations (>200 ng Hg/L) in the Arctic and Antarctic. During AMDEs gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is photochemically oxidized by halogens to reactive gaseous mercury which is deposited to the snowpack. This reactive mercury is either photochemically reduced back to GEM and reemitted to the atmosphere or remains in the snowpack until spring snowmelt. GEM is also deposited to the snowpack and tundra vegetation by reactive surface uptake (dry deposition) from the atmosphere. There is little consensus on the proportion of AMDE-sourced Hg versus Hg from dry deposition that is released in spring runoff. We used mercury stable isotope measurements of GEM, snowfall, snowpack, snowmelt, surface water, vegetation, and peat from a northern Alaska coastal watershed to quantify Hg sources. Although high Hg concentrations are deposited to the snowpack during AMDEs, we estimate that ∼76 to 91% is released back to the atmosphere prior to snowmelt. Mercury deposited to the snowpack as GEM comprises the majority of snowmelt Hg and has a Hg stable isotope composition similar to Hg deposited by reactive surface uptake of GEM into the leaves of trees in temperate forests. This GEM-sourced Hg is the dominant Hg we measured in the spring snowpack and in tundra peat permafrost deposits.
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Outridge, P. M. Volcanic mercury contribution to the global mercury budget. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314911.

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Hassett-Sipple, B., J. Swartout, and R. Schoeny. Mercury study report to Congress. Volume 5. Health effects of mercury and mercury compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/575119.

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Chad A. Wocken, Michael J. Holmes, Dennis L. Laudal, Debra F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, Greg F. Weber, Nicholas V. C. Ralston, Stanley J. Miller, et al. Mercury Information Clearinghouse. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/907884.

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John F. Schabron, Joseph F. Rovani, and Susan S. Sorini. Mercury CEM Calibration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910141.

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John Schabron, Eric Kalberer, Joseph Rovani, Mark Sanderson, Ryan Boysen, and William Schuster. Mercury Calibration System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993816.

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John Schabron, Eric Kalberer, Joseph Rovani, Mark Sanderson, Ryan Boysen, and William Schuster. Mercury Calibration System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993821.

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John Schabron, Joseph Rovani, and Mark Sanderson. Mercury CEM Calibration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993831.

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Wang, Anbo, Sid Nelson, and Jr. Recoverable-Mercury Sorbents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387320.

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Kolka, Randall K., Robert G. Haight, Chan Lan Chun, Matthew J. Berrens, Elizabeth R. Rogers, Ryan A. Vinhall, Ronald S. Zalesny, Keith H. Nislow, Charles H. Perry, and Stephanie J. Connolly. Mercury sulfur initiative. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-206.

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