Relevant bibliographies by topics / Merchandise trade

Academic literature on the topic 'Merchandise trade'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Merchandise trade"

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Singh, Monalisa, and Dilfraz Singh. "An Empirical Analysis of India’s Merchandise Trade." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 8 (January 15, 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/august2014/22.

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Ashby, Elizabeth R., Howard H. Cochran, Brad D. Childs, and Marieta V. Velikova. "State Merchandise Export Trade Determinants." International Advances in Economic Research 22, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-015-9538-8.

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Ganguli, Subhadra. "Economic diversification and intra-GCC merchandise trade." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 14, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-06-2017-0028.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze merchandise trade patterns among the GCC states with the backdrop of economic diversification within these economies. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research quantitatively analyses patterns of merchandise trade among the GCC states during 1995-2015 with specific focus on concentration, diversification and similarity of (export and import) trade indices as well as diversification within GCC economies. Findings The paper concludes that while Bahrain merchandise export structure shows dissimilarity when compared with other GCC states during 1995 and 2015, its imports appear to be very similar with those of the rest. The other five GCC states show more similarity among themselves in both merchandise exports and imports than that of Bahrain. Only UAE has shown an increase in both concentration and diversification indices though the increased numbers are still lower than those of the other GCC states and low in absolute terms. Originality/value The GCC has embarked on economic diversification; however, there is relatively less trade within the GCC as compared with other regional trading blocks. The paper considers trade within the GCC to explore the degree of similarity, diversification and concentration of traded products of each country. Further study should analyze the impact of diversification on intra-GCC trade. The results of this paper will be of value to GCC policymakers for providing a clear rationale for boosting trade and diversification with the long-term goal of a single currency economic union.
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Bosnjak, Mile, Vlatka Bilas, and Ivan Novak. "Sustainability of merchandise trade flows between Croatia and other EU member states: Panel cointegration approach." Panoeconomicus 66, no. 1 (2019): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan160409022b.

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This research examined the sustainability of merchandise trade flows between Croatia and other European Union (EU) member states. Merchandise exports and imports were disaggregated into bilateral merchandise trade flows between Croatia and nineteen EU trading partners for the period 1999-2014. Following Granger-causality and cointegration tests for panel data, we specified the model to be estimated. Using a pooled mean group (PMG) estimator for dynamic heterogeneous panel data, the relationship between Croatian merchandise export and import was assessed empirically. Research results revealed unsustainable Croatian merchandise exports and imports vis-?-vis nineteen EU partners.
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Yasui, Tadashi. "The Unreliability of Merchandise Trade Statistics." Global Trade and Customs Journal 13, Issue 6 (June 1, 2018): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2018027.

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This article contends that merchandise trade statistics are insufficiently reliable for accurate economic analysis and informed trade policy decisions. The official trade figures analysed for this article appear to be significantly overvalued. Re-exports combined with re-imports caused both world import and export data to be exaggerated by as much as 20%. Import data was further inflated, and bilateral export data was unreliable even between developed countries. Compared with official figures, the article’s case study estimates that the US merchandise trade deficit is nearly 20% less with China, nearly double with Mexico, and over triple with Canada.
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Dion, Richard, and Raynald Létourneau. "Une analyse économétrique de l’ajustement récent de la balance commerciale canadienne (1978-1979)." Articles 56, no. 3 (January 21, 2009): 360–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600926ar.

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Abstract The Canadian merchandise trade surplus increased rather modestly in 1978 and 1979 given that the depreciation of the real exchange rate since 1977 had considerably reinforced our competitive position. With the aid of an econometric model, we try to measure the respective contributions of the factors influencing the merchandise trade balance during that period. Our partial equilibrium simulations reveal that the depreciation of the Canadian dollar, both in nominal and real terms, substantially improved the merchandise trade surplus. High capacity utilization rates in Canada had a substantial impact on the trade balance through a large increase of imports, especially imports of producers' equipment, and through a significant reduction of exports of manufactured goods other than automotive products. Excluding the automobile sector, which has experienced a "structural" change in the United States, cyclical divergences between the two countries did not influence substantially the evolution of the merchandise trade account over that period. The rapid improvement of the terms of trade in 1979 strongly contributed to the increase of the nominal merchandise trade surplus. Our simulations show that the rise in the prices of certain primary commodities relative to the U.S. prices of manufactured goods was an important factor behind the stronger terms of trade.
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Lin, Pei-Chun, Szu-Yu Kuo, and Jui-Hung Chang. "The direct and spillover effects of liner shipping connectivity on merchandise trade." Maritime Business Review 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-12-2019-0055.

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Purpose This paper aims to address the following questions: is good liner shipping connectivity a requisite for merchandise imports plus exports? What is the average of merchandise imports plus exports of the countries neighboring China? Do the merchandise imports plus exports of these countries correspond to each country’s own merchandise imports plus exports or liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI)? Design/methodology/approach The authors spatially analyze liner shipping connectivity and merchandise imports plus exports using 2016 data and a common framework for linear regression to establish the relationship amongst a country’s LSCI and its merchandise imports plus exports and between its merchandise imports plus exports and those of its neighbors. Merchandise imports plus exports of countries are not necessarily independent of each other, and countries that are contiguous may produce similar observations. Findings North America and Western Europe comprised clusters of countries that participated more actively in the international trading system, while Africa’s countries had less international trade than average. The study identifies and quantifies the geographical ripple of transport infrastructure on merchandise trade from a national perspective. Notably, a spatially lagged term improved the model’s ability to account for variations in merchandise imports plus exports across countries. Originality/value The spatial lag of merchandise imports plus exports can contribute to specifying the spread of merchandise imports plus exports beyond what the authors would anticipate from a country’s network of liner shipping.
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Ellana, MOLCHANOVA. "GLOBAL TRENDS OF WORD MERCHANDISE TRADE." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 111, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(111)02.

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Svatoš, Miroslav, and Luboš Smutka. "Visegrad Countries - Agrarian Foreign Trade Development in Relation to Their Total Merchandise Trade Performance." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2014.14.4.81.

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The paper analyzes merchandise and especially agrarian trade of Visegrad (V4) countries. It especially analyzes their mutual trade relations. The main aim is to identify changes in the agricultural sector which have happened during the last decade and to compare differences existing in the area of merchandise and agricultural trade development. Another very important objective is related to mutual trade realized among V4 countries. In this case the paper identifies basic trends in the area of each country’s trade development. Mutual agrarian trade competitiveness is also analyzed. On the basis of the findings, it can be said that merchandise and agricultural trade for each V4 country changed significantly during the analysed time period. In relation to agricultural trade it can be mentioned that it represents only a marginal part of the total merchandise trade. Agrarian trade for individual V4 countries’ commodity structures as well as the territorial structure are very significantly concentrated. The predominant majority of agricultural trade – export as well as import – is carried out with EU countries. In this case it is necessary to emphasize that V4 countries are also important trade partners for each other. On the basis of Visegrad countries’ mutual trade analysis it is possible to say that the main traders active on the V4 market are the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The most competitive actors operating in the V4 market are Poland and Hungary. If we analyze each country’s export performance we can see that the V4 market is dominated by Poland and the Czech Republic.
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Aboya, Yousuf, Arsalan Hussain, Rohail Hassan, Hassan Mujtaba Nawaz Saleem, and Aamir Hussain Siddiqui. "Different Approaches to Merchandise Trade Balance in Pakistan." Global Business Management Review (GBMR) 12, Number 2 (December 31, 2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/gbmr2020.12.2.2.

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The current study empirically examines the three major approaches to trade balance for Pakistan by utilizing the yearly data from 1972 to 2016. Monetary, elasticity, and absorption approaches were tested by developing a model that incorporates all three approaches. The significant contribution of the study is that it uses only the merchandise trade deficit account, which includes trade of only physical goods. The study used time-series data; therefore, variables have been tested for the stationarity, and it is found that there is a combination of I (0) and I (1) variables, so ARDL bounds testing approach to co-integration has been employed to find the short run and long run associations among the variables. The bound test results discovered that there is a presence of stable long-term association among the merchandise trade deficit account, real broad money supply, real effective exchange rate, and real domestic absorption. The results further revealed that merchandise trade discrepancy is determined purely by the real effective exchange rate, which specifies that the exchange rate's devaluation increases the deficit in the long run whereas in the short-run increase in domestic absorption decreases the merchandise trade deficit.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Merchandise trade"

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Tandean, Arief. "Australia Indonesian merchandise trade, 1970-1985." Thesis, Tandean, Arief (1991) Australia Indonesian merchandise trade, 1970-1985. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51471/.

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The subject of this study is the trade relationship between Australia and Indonesia, specifically the merchandise trade relationship. Although much have been written on this subject, most of the existing literature covers only broad macro - economic aspects, while some important micro - economic aspects have economic aspects are related to the practical implementation of international trade which include such factors as business structures, market conditions and especially the attitude and performance of been overlooked. These micro traders as well as the attitude and policies of governments. On the theoretical level, we will examine the development of trade theories and trade models to see how far these existing theories and models can explain the international trade patterns and bilateral trade relations. The issue of complementarity has been at the heart of most attempts to explain the relative low level of trade. Our argument is that the bilateral trade relationship should not only be explained in terms of complementarity. Actually there is sufficient scope of complementarity. The problem in the trade relationship is not so much the lack of complementarity but the failure of both countries to compete with other (third countries) exporters. This study will also show the importance of certain institutional features such as the role of the State, business structures, market conditions, certain international trade practices and the aspects of foreign aid in international trade. Broad analyses of trade performance will be combined with empirical analyses drawing from observations and experiences of the real actors in the trade relationship which are the corporate sector and government officials. The empirical analyses are intended to reveal a range of practical problems faced in reality and which may hopefully provide a guide for action by both State officials and corporate managers. On policy implications and trade policies, the so called thinking on trade policies ' does seem to be a realistic and applicable view. The admission of imperfect market conditions and State intervention is a very realistic view on the existing international trade situation and the justification for certain new is an acknowledgement of the trade policies already implemented by most countries. Although this new thinking on trade policies is activist trade policies still in an early stage and an overall model incorporating imperfect market conditions still has to be developed, our arguments are in line with this new thinking.
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Abd, Rahman Sofiah Bt. "A strategic merchandise mix for Malaysian department stores." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3272.

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"Malaysian department stores under-performed', preliminary desk research says. "Department stores need to monitor the consumers and use merchandising as a competitive tool", practitioners and academicians advise. Within this parameter, the thesis examined the relationship between consumers, department stores and retail merchandising. First, the author explored the impact of the changing market on this `universal provider' and underlined how the latter had coped (successfully/unsuccessfully) with these changes through its merchandising activities. Second, she investigated on the multifaceted dimensions of retail merchandising and established a framework for strategic merchandise decisions. Third, she tested this framework in the Malaysian market. Given that the key to effective merchandising depends heavily on defining and understanding the target clients, to test the above construct, a consumer survey was undertaken. Likewise, since fashionable items made up the bulk of department stores' merchandise, the research instrument was constructed towards uncovering the shoppers' attitudes towards fashion. The gathered responses were then subjected to factor and cluster analysis. The former technique was used to identify the fashion lifestyle orientations. On the other hand, the latter method was used to classify the `cases'. Through these techniques, five fashion lifestyles orientation were uncovered and seven types of customers with fashion lifestyle orientations ranging from as few as two to as many as five factors were underlined. Further analysis established that local department stores should concentrate on three clusters, which made up 77 per cent of the total market. A broad overview shows that although they are department store shoppers, they shopped in other store types as well and engaged in extensive cross shopping. Moreover, when making purchases, their main trade-off was `quality' and `price'. Although they generally did not seek the cheapest price, there were on several occasions that quality was compromised for a `better' price. This behaviour was mostly evidenced in the cluster that made up of many Chinese. Another significant discovery was, wide assortment, an attribute most notable in department store retailing, was not distinctively important to these target markets. At the end of the investigation, a strategic merchandise mix - set of merchandise that meet the needs and expectations of these three clusters, was offered. It is only through this attainment (a strategic merchandise mix) that local department stores can realise their true potential.
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Blythe, J. W. D. "Exhibitions as communication : a study of the role and effectiveness of trade shows." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2002. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/exhibitions-as-communication(cb254eec-9bc9-45ed-8b63-c2cf189be52d).html.

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This overview relates to a research programme conducted over some eight years. The research concerns exhibitions and trade fairs, and examines the communications issues thereof from both the exhibitors' viewpoint and the visitors' viewpoint. The research was conducted from an interpretive viewpoint, using interviews and questionnaire surveys, and has both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The results of the research were mapped against models of communication and against traditional marketing models to assess the extent to which exhibitors are being realistic in their approach to exhibiting, given the characteristics and behaviour of visitors. This does not, of course, provide a definitive answer as to the effectiveness or potential effectiveness of exhibitions as communications tools. What it does show is that exhibitors are, in many cases, setting inappropriate objectives and harbouring unrealistic expectations. The conclusion of the research outlines a model of how exhibitions work as a communications device, and provides evidence that miscommunication is occurring between exhibitors and visitors due to a failure on the part of exhibitors to understand how exhibitions can be used to best effect. The model is almost certainly relevant to other areas of marketing communication, and offers a new way of understanding the communications process, particularly in business-to business contexts. The overall finding of the research is that the majority of exhibitors are almost certainly harbouring unrealistic expectations, in particular regarding selling objectives, and that exhibitors do not always evaluate their activities as effectively as they might (particularly SMEs). These unrealistic expectations of what exhibitions can do for them are likely to lead many of them to the conclusion that exhibitions are ineffective. From the visitor research it appears that exhibitions could be extremely effective in terms of communication objectives, but probably less so in terms of selling objectives: the overwhelming conclusion is that most exhibitors are directing their efforts in the wrong direction, and should (instead of concentrating on sales) be concentrating on other elements of the marketing mix.
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Altınkaya, Nilufer Seçkin Yavuz. "Mobile Display Design/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/endustriurunleritasarimi/T000506.pdf.

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Francis-Shearer, Antonette M. A. "Public Health Implications of Retailer Resale of Returned Textile Clothing Merchandise." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6429.

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Historically, 18th century anecdotal accounts of the decimation of several tribes of U.S. of the Native American population by trading of infected textile blankets alludes to the role of retail in the transmission of infectious disease. This study explores implications of the modern day retail organization practice of reselling returned clothing textiles from a public health infectious disease perspective. A qualitative multi-case study, utilized responses from 20 open-ended, unstructured interviews of retail employees assigned to the returns process. Additionally, several informal observations of select U.S.based, top-ranked clothing retail organizations, identified by the National Retail Federation were completed. Select federal, state, and local public health regulations regarding returned clothing textiles were then examined in an attempt to identify potential public health risks. Under a general systems conceptual framework, the points of interaction between the complex adaptive systems seen in retailer and the public health organizations were examined for infectious disease and infestation implications. Using MAXQDA software to perform the analyses, it was found that current retail practices and policy present unacknowledged infectious disease or infestation transmission risks. The risk applies to all, but is particularly relevant to immuno-compromised individuals. Though the risk in accepting and returning clothing to the sales cycle is an industry wide practice, it can be mitigated. Suggested mitigation takes the form of health training, and introduction of disinfection sanitizing tools such as UVC light exposures, into the returns-resale process.The findings point to an opportunity for social change for consumers, retail workers, and the community through update of public health and retail practices.
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Červená, Lenka. "Vývoj zbožového zahraničního obchodu zemí EU v roce 2010 - v kontextu hospodářské krize." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85915.

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An important role in the global economy certainly plays international trade. Removing barriers to international trade contributes to better competitiveness and economic growth. This paper is focused on foreign merchandise trade of the European Union countries towards third countries (ie. excluding intra-trade).The aim of this paper is to identify important features of the development of foreign merchandise trade of the European Union in 2010 in the context of economic crisis in the years 2007 - 2009, to determine the potential effects of merchandise trade on solution of the consequences of the crisis and also provide an outline of the economic competitiveness of the European Union and prospects of the future development of EU foreign merchandise trade. The method of work comprises the analysis of statistical data linked to considerations arising from the current social, economic and political development.
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Gruben, Kathleen H. (Kathleen Hall). "The Role and Contributions of Independent Sales Representatives in the Relationship Between Merchandise Suppliers and Small Retailers: Dynamic Interactions in the Channel." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277918/.

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Small retailers are searching for a basis of competitive advantage to compete against larger retailers. The independent sales representative (rep) may represent such a basis. Little is known about how the role of reps and their performance is perceived by suppliers and retailers. We do not know what is expected from reps, if the reps' performance meets suppliers and retailers expectations, or whether met expectations lead to a basis of competitive advantage. Primarily, the study was designed to identify the role and contributions reps in the interactions between the supplier and retailer in the channel of distribution.
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Kliethermes, Brandon J. Parcell Joseph L. "Commercial grain merchandisers interest in professional development /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5367.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 29, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Joe L. Parcell. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dorobat, Carmen. "L'effet Cantillon dans la théorie du commerce international : L’impact de la monnaie fiduciaire sur le commerce, la finance et la distribution internationale des patrimoines." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0067/document.

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Cette thèse vise à combler le fossé entre l'analyse de l’économie réelle et l’économie monétaire dans la théorie du commerce international. À cette fin, j’analyse l’effet Cantillon, i.e. l'impact différentiel de l'expansion monétaire sur les prix, la production, les patrimoines et la structure du commerce international. Dans la première partie, je passe en revue la littérature en économie internationale, à partir du 19e siècle jusqu’aux théories contemporaines. Dans la deuxième partie, j’utilise les contributions de Ludwig von Mises à la théorie de la monnaie et des cycles économiques comme fondement de l'analyse de l’impact de l'expansion monétaire sur le commerce international. Dans le chapitre 4, j’examine la relation entre le développement du marché financier et le commerce. Dans le chapitre 5, je discute l'impact de l'inflation monétaire sur les modes de financement du commerce et sur la transmission des cycles économiques. Les principaux résultats de ma recherche sont que l'expansion monétaire modifie la direction, la composition, le volume et la valeur des flux commerciaux et de capitaux. J’applique ce cadre théorétique dans le chapitre 6, pour expliquer l'évolution des ventes de marchandises et des flux de capitaux au cours des dernières décennies, et d'illustrer mes conclusions avec les données statistiques de la plus récente crise financière et de l'effondrement du commerce mondial de 2008-2009. Dans la troisième partie, j’analyse l’impact de l'expansion monétaire sur l’organisation industrielle internationale et la distribution mondiale des revenus et des patrimoines. Dans la section finale, je présente les implications majeures de mon analyse pour le commerce international et les politiques monétaires, et son importance pour des recherches futures
This dissertation endeavors to offer a way to bridge the gap between the analysis of real and monetary phenomena in international economics. To this end, I analyze Cantillon effects, i.e. the differential impact of monetary expansion on prices, production, wealth, and the pattern of international trade. In Part I review the standard literature in international economics from the 19th century to contemporary theories. In Part II I use the contributions of Ludwig von Mises to the theory of money and business cycles as the foundation for the analysis of monetary expansion and international trade. In Chapter 4, I focus on the relationship between financial development and international trade. In Chapter 5, I analyze the impact of inflation and5fractional reserve banking on trade finance, and the transmission of business cycles across national borders. The main findings of my research are that monetary expansion modifies the direction, composition, volume and value of trade and capital flows. I apply this framework in Chapter 6, to explain the evolution of merchandise and capital flows over the last decades, and illustrate my findings with statistical evidence from the most recent financial crisis and the global trade collapse of 2008-2009. In Part III I analyze the impact of monetary expansion on international industrial organization, and the global distribution of income and wealth. In the concluding section, I draw out the major implications of my analysis for international trade and monetary policies, and its importance for future research
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Singh, Shiu Raj. "Dynamics of macroeconomic variables in Fiji : a cointegrated VAR analysis." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/774.

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Abstract of thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Commerce and Management Dynamics of macroeconomic variables in Fiji : a cointegrated VAR analysis By Shiu Raj Singh The objective of this study is to examine how macroeconomic variables of Fiji inter-relate with aggregate demand and co-determine one another using a vector autoregression (VAR) approach. This study did not use a prior theoretical framework but instead used economic justification for selection of variables. It was found that fiscal policy, which is generally used as a stabilisation tool, did not have a positive effect on real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in the short term. Effects on GDP growth were positive over the long term but not statistically significant. Furthermore, expansionary fiscal policy caused inflationary pressures. Fiji has a fixed exchange rate regime, therefore, it was expected that the focus of monetary policy would be the maintenance of foreign reserves. It was, however, found that monetary expansion in the short term resulted in positive effects on real GDP growth and resulted in inflation. The long term effects of monetary policy on real GDP growth were negative, which are explained by the fixed exchange rate regime, endogenous determination of money supply by the central bank, an unsophisticated financial market and, perhaps, an incomplete transmission of the policy. Both merchandise trade and visitor arrivals growth were found to positively contribute to short term and long term economic growth. Political instability was found not to have significant direct effects on real GDP growth but caused a significant decline in visitor arrivals which then negatively affected economic growth in the short term.
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Books on the topic "Merchandise trade"

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Villarreal, M. Angeles. Mexico-U.S. merchandise trade. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Villarreal, M. Angeles. Mexico-U.S. merchandise trade. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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Israel. Trade marks and merchandise marks. [Tel Aviv?]: A. Greenfield-A.G. Publications, 1994.

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Worms, Carolyn L. General merchandise retailing. Edited by Brown Kay B, Lynch Richard L, and Vorndran Barbara Sethney. 2nd ed. New York: Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill, 1990.

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United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division. International merchandise trade statistics: Compilers manual. New York: United Nations, 2004.

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Bailey, Victor B. U.S. merchandise trade position at midyear 1987. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 1987.

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United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division. International merchandise trade statistics: Concepts and definitions. New York: United Nations, 1998.

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Division, United Nations Statistical. International merchandise trade statistics: Concepts and definitions. New York: United Nations, 1998.

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Merchandise buying and management. 2nd ed. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2002.

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Merchandise buying and management: John Donnellan. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Merchandise trade"

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Orr, Bill. "Merchandise Trade." In The Global Economy in the 90s, 87–120. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13009-2_4.

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"Merchandise trade." In World Trade Statistical Review 2016, 44–47. WTO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/f5917d2c-en.

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"Merchandise trade and trade in commercial services: Merchandise trade." In World Trade Statistical Review 2016, 30–33. WTO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/6ad54981-en.

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"International merchandise trade." In United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S), 299–330. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/7e9f20ac-en-fr.

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"International merchandise trade." In Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, September 2011, 146–239. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/823d2741-en-fr.

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"International merchandise trade." In Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, May 2014, 140–89. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/5525d8da-en-fr.

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"International merchandise trade." In Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (Ser. Q), 158–213. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/55b10b88-en-fr.

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"International merchandise trade." In United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S), 591–624. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/56045b63-en-fr.

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"International merchandise trade." In Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (Ser. Q), 156–205. UN, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/568704c7-en-fr.

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"International merchandise trade." In United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S), 267–98. UN, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/58556ae1-en-fr.

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Conference papers on the topic "Merchandise trade"

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Konovalova, Yulia, and Stepan Ushanov. "US-EU Merchandise Trade: Key Features and Problem of Disproportion." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-19.2019.2.

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Podoba, Zoia, and Maria Smirnova. "Comparative advantages in Russia's bilateral merchandise trade with South Africa." In Proceedings of the Third International Economic Symposium (IES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ies-18.2019.52.

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Yisheng Lan and Xuemin Ning. "Research on relationship between merchandise trade and carbon emission in China." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csss.2011.5974772.

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Wang, Yehui, and Xiaoheng Xu. "A Study on the Complementarity of Merchandise Trade between China and CEEC." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-19.2019.13.

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Podoba, Zoia, Victor Gorshkov, and Anastasiya Ozerova. "Japan-Russia Bilateral Merchandise Trade Specialization in the Era of Digital Transformation." In DTMIS '20: International Scientific Conference - Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446434.3446453.

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Vicente Villa-Garcia, Jorge, and Rodolfo Martinez-Gutierrez. "Corporate Governance Model for Customs Agency in Accordance with Federal Customs Law Article 167-D in Mexico." In Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2021) Future Trends and Applications. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001204.

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Customs agencies operate under the protection of a customs agent patent as a natural person, and there is a reform to the Federal Customs Law published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on June 25, 2018, establishing the Customs Agency model so that they can operate under the concept of "Customs Agency Patent", conceptualized as a legal person. The objective of the new modifications of the Federal Customs Law in article 167-D establishes the promotion of customs clearance of merchandise for third parties in different customs regimes. Maintaining the continuity of the operations of the Customs Agencies against the risk of extinction due to the lack of the person who holds the Customs Patent, regardless of the reason or cause, through internal strategies of Corporate Governance practice models for compliance with regulations applicable according to the challenges of competitiveness in Foreign Trade and Customs. This article presents a methodological intervention proposal as part of a Master thesis in Administration project at the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico campus Tijuana.
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Smith, Daniel O., Christopher A. Mattson, and Eric C. Dahlin. "Identifying High-Potential Work Areas in Engineering for Global Development: Linking Industry Sectors to the Human Development Index." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22063.

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Abstract Those working in Engineering for Global Development seek to improve the conditions in under-served regions. A common metric for understanding the development state of a given country is the Human Development Index (HDI), which focuses on three dimensions: health, education, and income. An engineer’s expertise does not always align with any of those dimensions directly, while they still hope to perform impactful work for human development. To discover other areas of expertise that are highly associated with the HDI, correlations and variable selection were performed between all World Development Indicators and the HDI. The resultant associations are presented according to industry sector for a straightforward connection to engineering expertise, such that they can be used during opportunity development where associated areas of expertise act as surrogates for focusing on the HDI dimensions themselves. The data analysis shows that work related to “Trade, Transportation, and Utilities”, such as merchandise exports and imports and electricity distribution, and “Manufacturing”, especially electronics manufacturing and employment in manufacturing are insightful associations with improvements in the HDI in developing countries. Also, because the associations were discovered at country-level, they geographically direct where particular areas of expertise have been historically associated with improving HDI.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Aksel David Nordholm, Stavroula Iliadi, Panagiotis Markopoulos, John Faraclas, and Mika Luimula. "A Certification Framework for Virtual Reality and Metaverse Training Scenarios in the Maritime and Shipping industry." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001505.

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The maritime and shipping industry tremendously impact on the society and the economy across the centuries. Today shipping is, environmentally and economically, the most efficient way to transport merchandise, serving nearly 90% of world trade. Safety at sea has always been a major issue for all the parties involved in shipping from different perspectives, reasons, and interests. Shipping and maritime training that can assure this safety is a key requirement for every ship to sail and for every seafarer, of any level and rank, to get on-bard and perform any operations. However, the cost of such training can be unbearable for many shipping companies especially in emerging markets that rely much on the readiness and effectiveness of their local seafarers. The introduction of virtual reality (VR) in maritime and shipping training became a solution for all those who seek affordable and reliable professional training, but the markets indicated skepticism on the quality and reliability of such training. Furthermore, there has been significant hesitation on the validity of VR ad Metaverse shipping training and its compliance with the international maritime training certification processes. The covid-19 pandemic and the continuous lockdowns that froze the world, helped VR training to be more accepted by all industries, including the shipping and maritime industry, and to be reconsidered as an accepted training alternative. Within the first year of the pandemic, the VR training industry has exploded in terms of applications, many of which indicate a significant degree of intelligence and state-of-the-art technologies, in hardware, software and communications between the trainee, the system, and the virtual environment. The MarSIOT (Maritime Safety, for Immersive Oceans Technology) case is examined throughout this paper along with other technologies. On the other hand and despite the justified need for virtual training and the readiness of the VR industry to respond to this need a major issue that still has not been resolved, but remains under research investigation and process formulation, is the certification of virtual training scenarios, as qualified and valid professional skills, by credible certification bodies. This paper presents an analysis of the maritime and shipping VR and Metaverse training certification demand, the requirements that need to be fulfilled for VR training scenarios to be certified, and the overall certification process that can be followed. The research is based on primary and secondary research with an extensive academic literature review, a survey with 80 maritime participants, five interviews with industry experts in maritime VR training and certification, case studies on the maturity and the readiness on the VR training in maritime and shipping, and analysis on the maritime virtual training requirements from leading certification organizations in the shipping professional training. The research results indicate an initial VR training certification process that can be used as a guide for VR training organizations on their efforts to certify their professional training applications and technologies. The paper indicates research limitations and areas of further research that can be explored for the standardization of the proposed VR certification methodology and its acceptance by the international maritime and shipping industry.
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Reports on the topic "Merchandise trade"

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Bae, Su Yun, Sonia Hur, Pielah Kim, and Leslie Stoel. Merchandise Assortments of Online Fair Trade Retailers: Are They Balanced? Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-643.

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