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Lau, Man-kit Francis, and 劉文傑. "A study of Zheng Guanying's (1842-1922) mercantilism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950929.
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Опанасюк, Валентина Володимирівна, Валентина Владимировна Опанасюк, Valentyna Volodymyrivna Opanasiuk, and А. Гімпель. "Філософські аспекти меркантилізму." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22260.
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Irvin, Jeffery L. "Paradigm and praxis : seventeenth-century mercantilism and the age of liberalism /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1230755671.
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Irvin, Jeffery L. Jr. "Paradigm and Praxis: Seventeenth-Century Mercantilism and the Age of Liberalism." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1230755671.
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Silva, Karla Maria da [UNESP]. "A crise da economia colonial: as dimensões internas das práticas mercantilistas nos escritos de Brito e de Vilhena." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93406.
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Com o objetivo de contribuir para a história intelectual dos conflitos que antecederam a Independência do Brasil, o presente trabalho analisa duas fontes impressas: A Economia Brasileira no Alvorecer do Século XIX (1807) e Recopilação de Notícias Soteropolitanas e Brasílicas (1802), escritas na Bahia respectivamente pelo Desembargador João Rodrigues Brito e por Luiz dos Santos Vilhena. Os escritos de Vilhena são a expressão da mais genuína tradição mercantilista do mundo lusobrasileiro, para quem os dissabores enfrentados pelos colonos brasileiros derivavam da falta de ação mais enérgica do Estado no controle da produção e do comércio colonial. No outro extremo do debate estava Brito, um atualizado estudioso da Economia Política, cujos escritos revelam aspectos surpreendentes do mal-estar experimentado por setores coloniais às vésperas da transferência da Corte. A novidade apresentada por esse escrito reside no diagnóstico feito pelo seu autor de que os problemas dos produtores brasileiros não radicavam na oposição de interesses entre metrópole e colônia, mas no excesso de intervenção do Estado na economia colonial. Entretanto, por Estado Brito entendia não só a estrutura metropolitana, mas principalmente o sistema estatal instalado na própria colônia como instância de poder local, especialmente o Senado da Câmara. Assim, a análise dessas fontes documentais projetam novas luzes sobre as tensões e conflitos que antecederam a Independência do Brasil. O presente trabalho evidencia ainda que, além dos conflitos colônia versus metrópole já fartamente documentados pela historiografia tradicional...
The aim of the present work is to contribute to the intellectual history of the conflicts that occurred before the Independence of Brazil, by analyzing two sources: A Economia Brasileira no Alvorecer do Século XIX (1807) and Recopilação de Notícias Soteropolitanas e Brasílicas (1802), written in Bahia by Desembargador João Rodriques Brito and by Luiz dos Santos Vilhena, respectively. Vilhena, whose writings are the expression of the most genuine mercantilist tradition of the Portuguese-Brazilian world, believed that the annoyances faced by the Brazilian colonists were a reflect of the lack of a more energetic posture of the State on the control of the colonial production and commerce. On the other edge of the debate was Brito, a political economy researcher, whose writings reveal surprising aspects of the adversities faced by colonialists sectors on the eve of Court s transference. The novelty of this work was the analysis made by his author that the problems of the colonialist producers were not a consequence of the conflict of interests between metropolis and colony, but, in fact, a result of an excessive state intervention on the economy. However, by state Brito understood not only the metropolitan structure, but mainly the state system placed at the Colony as a part of the local power, specially the Senate and the Camera. Therefore, the analysis of these documental sources brings new lights on the conflict that preceded the Independence of Brazil. The present work also makes evident that beyond the conflicts between colony an metropolis, which have already been fully studied, there was... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Wheeler, Michael Terence. "Visualizing the transportation effects of urban mercantilism Eastern New York, 1822--1860 /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Graham, Eric J. "The impact of mercantilism and war on the Scottish marine 1661-1791." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20380.
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This thesis seeks to answer the question - 'To what extent did Scotland's membership that trading system, later dubbed 'mercantilism', dictate the course and direction of her maritime institutions and shipping industry? ' Its resolution sets four primary objectives. Firstly, to set Scottish maritime affairs in context with the evolving political, economic and administrative aspects of the system. Secondly, to evaluate the impact of the Union and the imposition of the English customs model on the emerging Scottish shipping industry. Thirdly, to analyse the role played by the endemic warfare and smuggling inherent to the sytem contributed, in the growth rate and shift in the regional distribution of the components of the Scottish marine - 'foreign', coastal' and fisheries'. Fourly, to review the influence of the system on the regional development of navigational aids, port facilities and shipbuilding. The unresolved status of Scotland as an independent trading nation resulted in retaliatory Navigation Acts and aggressive acts that dispelled the prospect of a peaceful co-existence with England. The Union resolved this impasse granting full access rights to Scottish shippers re-registering under the British Navigation Acts. By the 1730s the nucleus of expertise and hulls had been accumulated to exploit the Scottish ports' locational advantage in the Atlantic economy. After 1750 the bounty system nurtured the Scottish herring and whaling industries. The American War of Independence breached the Navigation Acts while stimulating the shipbuilding industry. The subsequent Act of Registry (1786) set new standards in maritime administration. The following Consolidation Act (1787) removed many of the disincentives from the existing fiscal regime. The mode of operation of the Scottish shipping industry was significantly altered thereafter.
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Rojas, Jorge. "El Mercantilismo. Teoría, política e historia." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118024.
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Mercantilism was a very complex phenomenom and, as such, can be examined from different angles. To begin with, it is the first important chapter of the history of economic thought. Second, it can be studied —or criticized— by the theory of international trade, that usually opposes its own free trade philosophy to the mercantilist doctrines. And third, the mercantilist policies of the European powers —both colonial and noncolonial—, from the XVI to the XVIII century, constitute an important topic of the world economichistory. Nevertheless, despite its complexity, mercantilist thought is usually presented ina very simple, almost naive, way: as a school that mistook precious metals for richness; that made the accumulation of those metals an end by itself, justifying with this purpose negative policies of protectionism and of intervention of the state in the economy. Here we will try to present mercantilism from its different angles, underlining its complexity,and emphasizing an aspect that it is not usually emphasized: the commercial colonial policies of the European powers from the XVI to the XVIII centuries. Finally, we make some questions on mercantilism, questions that we think have yet to be answered.El mercantilismo fue un fenómeno muy complejo y puede ser estudiado desde diversos ángulos. En primer lugar, constituye el primer capítulo de importancia de la historia del pensamiento económico. En segundo lugar, puede ser estudiado —o criticado— por la teoría del comercio internacional, la cual suele contraponer su propia filosofía librecambista a las doctrinas mercantilistas. En tercer lugar, las políticas mercantilistas de las potencias europeas —tanto coloniales como no coloniales—, desde el siglo XVI hasta el siglo XVIII, constituyen un tópico importante de la historia económica mundial.A pesar de su complejidad, el mercantilismo suele ser presentado de una manera muy simple, casi simplona: como autores que confundieron riqueza con metales preciosos, que convirtieron la acumulación de estos en un fin en sí mismo, para lo cual justificaronperniciosas políticas proteccionistas y de intervención del Estado en la economía.Tratamos acá de presentar al mercantilismo desde sus diferentes ángulos, enfatizando su complejidad, y resaltando un aspecto del mercantilismo que casi siempre se pasa por alto: las políticas comerciales coloniales de las potencias europeas entre los siglosXVI y XVIII. Finalmente, planteamos algunas preguntas sobre el mercantilismo que pensamos están aún pendientes de ser contestadas.
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Rommelse, Gijs Anthonius. "The Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667) raison d'état, mercantilism and maritime strife /." Hilversum : Verloren, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/4403.
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Silva, Karla Maria da. "A crise da economia colonial : as dimensões internas das práticas mercantilistas nos escritos de Brito e de Vilhena /." Assis : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93406.
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Orientador: Claudinei Magno Magre MendesBanca: Célia Reis Camargo
Banca: Ivan Aparecido Manoel
Resumo: Com o objetivo de contribuir para a história intelectual dos conflitos que antecederam a Independência do Brasil, o presente trabalho analisa duas fontes impressas: A Economia Brasileira no Alvorecer do Século XIX (1807) e Recopilação de Notícias Soteropolitanas e Brasílicas (1802), escritas na Bahia respectivamente pelo Desembargador João Rodrigues Brito e por Luiz dos Santos Vilhena. Os escritos de Vilhena são a expressão da mais genuína tradição mercantilista do mundo lusobrasileiro, para quem os dissabores enfrentados pelos colonos brasileiros derivavam da falta de ação mais enérgica do Estado no controle da produção e do comércio colonial. No outro extremo do debate estava Brito, um atualizado estudioso da Economia Política, cujos escritos revelam aspectos surpreendentes do mal-estar experimentado por setores coloniais às vésperas da transferência da Corte. A novidade apresentada por esse escrito reside no diagnóstico feito pelo seu autor de que os problemas dos produtores brasileiros não radicavam na oposição de interesses entre metrópole e colônia, mas no excesso de intervenção do Estado na economia colonial. Entretanto, por Estado Brito entendia não só a estrutura metropolitana, mas principalmente o sistema estatal instalado na própria colônia como instância de poder local, especialmente o Senado da Câmara. Assim, a análise dessas fontes documentais projetam novas luzes sobre as tensões e conflitos que antecederam a Independência do Brasil. O presente trabalho evidencia ainda que, além dos conflitos colônia versus metrópole já fartamente documentados pela historiografia tradicional... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of the present work is to contribute to the intellectual history of the conflicts that occurred before the Independence of Brazil, by analyzing two sources: A Economia Brasileira no Alvorecer do Século XIX (1807) and Recopilação de Notícias Soteropolitanas e Brasílicas (1802), written in Bahia by Desembargador João Rodriques Brito and by Luiz dos Santos Vilhena, respectively. Vilhena, whose writings are the expression of the most genuine mercantilist tradition of the Portuguese-Brazilian world, believed that the annoyances faced by the Brazilian colonists were a reflect of the lack of a more energetic posture of the State on the control of the colonial production and commerce. On the other edge of the debate was Brito, a political economy researcher, whose writings reveal surprising aspects of the adversities faced by colonialists sectors on the eve of Courts transference. The novelty of this work was the analysis made by his author that the problems of the colonialist producers were not a consequence of the conflict of interests between metropolis and colony, but, in fact, a result of an excessive state intervention on the economy. However, by state Brito understood not only the metropolitan structure, but mainly the state system placed at the Colony as a part of the local power, specially the Senate and the Camera. Therefore, the analysis of these documental sources brings new lights on the conflict that preceded the Independence of Brazil. The present work also makes evident that beyond the conflicts between colony an metropolis, which have already been fully studied, there was... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Suweon, Kim. "The political economy of aid-oriented foreign policy change: elite perspectives on mercantilism in Korea and Ghana." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4021.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe thesis examines how elite perspectives on foreign aid affect the subsequent path of aid dependence. The focus is on aid-seeking foreign policy change. Two foreign policy change cases are examined for the study, which took place in Korea under Park Chung-hee and in Ghana under Rawlings through a lens of comparative historical analysis. The thesis aims to make two original contributions to knowledge. First, it explains recipient foreign policy using two different forms of mercantilism, and second, it reveals the dependent path created by the mercantilist oriented elite. Mercantilism in the thesis is used as dual-frameworked concept. First, it is a lens to see state behaviour. Despite the fact that mercantilism has been mainly used to explain a donor‘s behaviour, it can elucidate that of an aid-recipient state when the aid-seeking country is in dire need of the foreign aid for the survival of the state. The thesis applies mercantilism to explain aid-receiving countries‘behaviour. Second, more importantly, mercantilism also explains elite perspectives. The elite in aid receiving countries search for foreign aid not only for the wealth and power of their state, but also for the prosperity and survival of themselves. Mercantilism is used as an ostensible principle in practicing the private search for advantages of the elite. The thesis uses the dual-mercantilism idea to examine aid-seeking foreign policy in Korea and Ghana. In Korea, the elite saw the key to their survival in industrialising the nation, and their search for foreign aid took place based on that raison d’être. In Ghana, on the other hand, the elite found the way to their survival and prosperity in acquiring more foreign aid and the aid per se became the ultimate goal. The thesis finds industrial mercantilism a useful framework to understand the elite perspective in Korea
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Lau, Man-kit Francis. "A study of Zheng Guanying's (1842-1922) mercantilism Zheng Guanying zhong shang si xiang yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31950929.
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Pizzoni, Giada. "Economic and financial strategies of the British Catholic community in the age of mercantilism, 1672-1781." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7783.
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This dissertation examines the British Catholic community during the Age of Mercantilism. It opens with John Aylward's trade in the early 1670s and closes with the death of Bishop Richard Challoner in the late eighteenth century. By investigating the economic and financial strategies of these individuals, this work dispels the stereotype of idle Catholicism and shows how the Catholic community played a relevant role in the emerging Atlantic economy. The work starts with an analysis of John Aylward's dealings during outbreaks of international warfare. His papers prove that Catholicism was crucial in his business, allowing the adoption of various strategies and access to diverse markets. As a merchant Aylward defies the stereotype of religious minorities' communality in trade, by moving beyond religious and national borders. Moreover, he challenges the stereotype of Catholicism as estranged from capitalism. The dissertation further continues with an analysis of his widow Helena Aylward, as merchant and financier. Her skills and strategies allow the extension of the narrative of enterprise and Catholicism to women as well, by challenging the prevailing role of Catholic women as patrons or nuns. Finally, the last chapter analyses the business accounts of Bishop Richard Challoner, Vicar Apostolic of the London Mission. His dealings exemplify how Catholicism played a relevant role in finance, both individually and institutionally. In fact, the British Catholic Church fundamentally sustained itself through the stock market. Therefore, this work proves that Catholics were entrepreneurs: they built coherent trading zones and through a broad range of Atlantic connections, moved beyond the borders of the European Empires. They disregarded religious affiliations and nationalities, suggesting that the new economic and financial opportunities of the Age of Mercantilism allowed the Catholic Community to integrate into the British economy and eventually to achieve toleration.
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Silva, Karla Maria da [UNESP]. "O poder municipal e as práticas mercantilistas no mundo colonial: um estudo sobre a Câmara Municipal de São Paulo – 1780-1822." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103151.
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Com o objetivo de contribuir para a reconstituição da história do Brasil do período colonial, o presente trabalho discute o papel desempenhado pelas Câmaras Municipais entre as duas últimas décadas do século XVIII e as duas primeiras do XIX, e redimensiona sua participação na disseminação do pensamento e das práticas mercantilistas na América portuguesa. As principais fontes utilizadas são as Atas da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo e o Registro Geral da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo, referentes ao período compreendido entre 1780 e 1822. Essa documentação demonstra que eram as câmaras, e não as instâncias administrativas metropolitanas, que imprimiam a dinâmica do universo colonial, e que eram elas que organizavam, dirigiam e arbitravam as atividades ligadas à produção e ao comércio local. Partindo do princípio de que ao Estado cabia orientar e conduzir a sociedade, os oficiais camarários entendiam a intervenção não como um direito, mas como um dever da administração pública, encarregada de zelar pelo bem estar coletivo. Mais que isso, a documentação camarária revela um outro lado do intervencionismo estatal no império luso-brasileiro: as dificuldades e restrições causadas aos colonos pelas práticas mercantilistas não estariam relacionadas apenas ao comércio transatlântico, mas também aos entraves gerados pelo sistema mercantilista da própria colônia e pelos próprios colonos. Assim, entende-se que o mercantilismo não era uma exclusividade dos agentes históricos metropolitanos, mas uma concepção que também estava presente aqui, enraizada nas instituições administrativas locais – cujos cargos eram ocupados por colonos - que as assumiram e as disseminaram por toda sociedade colonial, perpetuando uma tradição intervencionista e tutelar. Isso fica ainda mais evidente ao se analisar a política econômica adotada por Portugal nesse período...
Aiming to contribute to the reconstruction of Brazil’s colonial history, this paper discusses the role played by Municipal Chambers between the two last decades of the eighteenth century and the first two of the nineteenth century, and also resizes its participation in the dissemination of mercantilist practices and thoughts in Portuguese America. The main sources used are the Minutes of the Municipal Chamber of São Paulo and the General Registry of Municipal Chamber of São Paulo, corresponding of the period between 1780 and 1822. This documentation shows that it the was the Chambers and not the administrative metropolitan instances who dictated the dynamics of the colonial universe, and that they were who organized, directed and arbitrated the activities related to production and local trade. Assuming that the State had the duty to guide and lead the society, the city council had the intervention not as a right, but as an obligation of the public administration, in charge of taking good care of the collective well being. More than that, the city council’s documentation reveals another aspect of the state interventionism in the luso brazilian empire: the difficulties and restrictions caused to the colonists by the mercantilist practices would not be related only to the transatlantic market, but also to the barriers generated by the mercantilist system in its own colony and by the settlers themselves. Therefore, it is clear that the mercantilism was not an exclusivity of the historical metropolitan agents, but a conception that was also present here, deep-rooted in the local administrative institutions – whose positions were occupied by the settlers – which they took control and spread for all colonial society, perpetuating the interventionist and tutoring tradition. It is even more evident when analyzing the economical policy used by Portugal in this period, which tended... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Hastings, Clifford D. "Mercantilism and laissez-faire capitalism in the Ungava Peninsula, 1670-1940 : the economic geography of the fur trade." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63157.
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Paixão, Ricardo Fernandes. "Mercados coloniais: um estudo sobre a integração entre mercados latino americanos e europeus de 1650 a 1820." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-27032009-113238/.
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Se maiores mercados permitem ganhos de especialização, conforme postulado por Adam Smith, o estudo da integração entre mercados ocupa posição central em economia. No contexto histórico tais estudos permitem inferir, a partir de evidência empírica contida em séries de preços, relacionamentos entre diversos mercados e, conseqüentemente, permitem apoiar ou refutar a narrativa histórica tradicional. Apesar do grande número de estudos históricos sobre integração de mercados entre países europeus, e, em menor grau, Estados Unidos e China, a literatura sobre integração entre mercados latino americanos e europeus durante o período colonial é praticamente inexistente. Esta tese estuda, através de técnicas de cointegração, oito produtos (açúcar, trigo, linho, papel, sabão, carne e vinho) e doze mercados (Bolívia, Brasil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colômbia, Inglaterra, França, Alemanha, Itália, Espanha e Portugal) ao longo de até 800 anos. O principal resultado é o fato de o mercado inglês aparecer ao centro do comércio latino americano e mesmo ibérico durante o período colonial. Este resultado suporta a narrativa histórica tradicional que enfatiza a crescente ascendência do contrabando inglês na região. Por outro lado, a evidência empírica aqui demonstrada questiona a validade do chamado pacto colonial e coloca num contexto temporal mais longo os movimentos de independência que eclodiram na região ao final do período.If larger markets allow gains from specialization, as postulated by Adam Smith, the study of market integration occupies a central position in economics. In the historical context such studies can infer, from evidence contained in price series, relationships between various markets and, consequently, can support or refute the traditional historical narrative. Despite the large number of historical studies on market integration between European countries, and to a lesser extent, the United States and China, the literature on integration between Latin American and European markets during the colonial period is virtually nonexistent. This thesis studies, using techniques of cointegration, eight products (sugar, wheat, linen, paper, soap, meat and wine) and twelve markets (Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal) over up to 800 years. The main result is the fact that the English market appears to be in the center of trade in Latin America and even in the Iberian Peninsula during the colonial period. This result supports the traditional historical narrative that highlights the growing ascendancy of English smuggling in the region. Moreover, the evidence demonstrated here questions the validity of the so-called \"colonial pact\" and places the independence movements that erupted in the region at the end of the period in a longer time span.
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Santos, Joseneide Souza Pessoa dos. "As rela??es entre o p?blico e o privado no processo de expans?o do ensino superior no Brasil: democratiza??o ou mercantiliza??o?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14370.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-23Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present study analyzes the expansion of Brazilian superior education, investigating how the public and the private sectors are inserted in this process, taking as analysis dimensions the philanthropic actions, the democratization and the mercantilism. The study had for general objective to analyze the dynamics of the expansion of superior education in Brazil, investigating how it configures the overlap between the public and the private in this process. More specifically was tried: a) to understand the process of participation of the non-state public, state and private sectors with lucrative goals in the expansion of superior education; b) to analyze the limits between the democratization and mercantilism in the process of expansion of superior education; c) to analyze the mechanisms that express the privatization in the process of expansion of superior education; d) to investigate, in a program of the government, how is materialized the overlap between the public and the private, in the expansion of superior education. In the development of the study, was adopted as theoretician and methodological way a historical and critical perspective, because is considered it allows to understand the mediations between the inquiry subject and the historical context in which it is developed, allowing, this way, the true explanation of the studied object. About the technician procedures, it was adopted documentary and bibliographical research. Also, secondary data were searched on the main governmental web sites (INEP, SISPROUNI, INEP, PNUD; IBGE) which produce statistics on superior education and sponsors of private institutions of superior education, as example ABMES and the Court of Accounts of the Union, amongst others. The study results had delineated a picture that allows to evidence that has been occurring, in the country, a process of expansion of superior education, marked for the articulated participation of the public state, private with lucrative ends and private without lucrative ends sectors, but it is distinguished in recent years the prevalence of the private sector with lucrative ends. In result, it is concluded that this process of expansion cannot be considered as dimension of the democratization because it occurs by means that move it away from the education as a right to be placed in the scope of the market, changing the right into a service that is appropriated by mercantile relations
O presente estudo analisa a expans?o do ensino superior brasileiro, investigando como os setores p?blico e o privado se inserem nesse processo, tomando como dimens?es de an?lise a filantropiza??o, a democratiza??o e a mercantiliza??o. O estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar a din?mica da expans?o do ensino superior no Brasil, investigando como se configura a imbrica??o entre o p?blico e o privado neste processo. Mais especificamente procurou-se: a) compreender o processo de participa??o dos setores p?blico n?o-estatal, estatal e privado com fins lucrativos na expans?o do ensino superior; b) analisar os limites entre a democratiza??o e a mercantiliza??o no processo de expans?o do ensino superior; c) analisar os mecanismos que expressam a privatiza??o no processo de expans?o do ensino superior; d) investigar, em um programa do governo, como se materializa a imbrica??o entre o p?blico e o privado, na expans?o do ensino superior. No desenvolvimento do estudo, adotou-se como caminho te?rico-metodol?gico, a perspectiva hist?rico-cr?tica, porque considera-se que ela permite compreender as media??es que se estabelecem entre o objeto da investiga??o e o contexto hist?rico no qual ele se desenvolve, favorecendo, desse modo, a verdadeira explica??o do objeto estudado. No que se refere aos procedimentos t?cnicos, adotou-se a pesquisa bibliogr?fica, documental e, tamb?m, buscou-se dados secund?rios, obtidos em s?tios dos principais ?rg?os governamentais (INEP, SISPROUNI, INEP, PNUD; IBGE) que produzem estat?sticas sobre o ensino superior e de mantenedoras de institui??es privadas de ensino superior a exemplo da ABMES e do Tribunal de Contas da Uni?o, dentre outros. Os resultados do estudo delinearam um quadro que permite constatar que vem ocorrendo, no pa?s, um processo de expans?o do ensino superior, marcado pela participa??o articulada dos setores p?blico estatal, privado com fins lucrativos e privado sem fins lucrativos, mas com preval?ncia, notadamente, nos ?ltimos anos, do setor privado com fins lucrativos. Em decorr?ncia, conclui-se que esse processo de expans?o n?o pode ser considerado como dimens?o da democratiza??o porque ocorre mediante mecanismos que se afastam da educa??o como direito para situar-se no ?mbito do mercado, transfigurando o direito em um servi?o que ? apropriado por rela??es mercantis
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Silva, Karla Maria da. "O poder municipal e as práticas mercantilistas no mundo colonial: um estudo sobre a Câmara Municipal de São Paulo - 1780-1822 /." Assis : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103151.
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Orientador: Claudinei Magno Magre MendesBanca: Jose Carlos Barreiro
Banca: Milton Carlos Costa
Banca: José Leonardo do Nascimento
Banca: Sezinando Luiz Menezes
Resumo: Com o objetivo de contribuir para a reconstituição da história do Brasil do período colonial, o presente trabalho discute o papel desempenhado pelas Câmaras Municipais entre as duas últimas décadas do século XVIII e as duas primeiras do XIX, e redimensiona sua participação na disseminação do pensamento e das práticas mercantilistas na América portuguesa. As principais fontes utilizadas são as Atas da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo e o Registro Geral da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo, referentes ao período compreendido entre 1780 e 1822. Essa documentação demonstra que eram as câmaras, e não as instâncias administrativas metropolitanas, que imprimiam a dinâmica do universo colonial, e que eram elas que organizavam, dirigiam e arbitravam as atividades ligadas à produção e ao comércio local. Partindo do princípio de que ao Estado cabia orientar e conduzir a sociedade, os oficiais camarários entendiam a intervenção não como um direito, mas como um dever da administração pública, encarregada de zelar pelo bem estar coletivo. Mais que isso, a documentação camarária revela um outro lado do intervencionismo estatal no império luso-brasileiro: as dificuldades e restrições causadas aos colonos pelas práticas mercantilistas não estariam relacionadas apenas ao comércio transatlântico, mas também aos entraves gerados pelo sistema mercantilista da própria colônia e pelos próprios colonos. Assim, entende-se que o mercantilismo não era uma exclusividade dos agentes históricos metropolitanos, mas uma concepção que também estava presente aqui, enraizada nas instituições administrativas locais - cujos cargos eram ocupados por colonos - que as assumiram e as disseminaram por toda sociedade colonial, perpetuando uma tradição intervencionista e tutelar. Isso fica ainda mais evidente ao se analisar a política econômica adotada por Portugal nesse período... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aiming to contribute to the reconstruction of Brazil's colonial history, this paper discusses the role played by Municipal Chambers between the two last decades of the eighteenth century and the first two of the nineteenth century, and also resizes its participation in the dissemination of mercantilist practices and thoughts in Portuguese America. The main sources used are the Minutes of the Municipal Chamber of São Paulo and the General Registry of Municipal Chamber of São Paulo, corresponding of the period between 1780 and 1822. This documentation shows that it the was the Chambers and not the administrative metropolitan instances who dictated the dynamics of the colonial universe, and that they were who organized, directed and arbitrated the activities related to production and local trade. Assuming that the State had the duty to guide and lead the society, the city council had the intervention not as a right, but as an obligation of the public administration, in charge of taking good care of the collective well being. More than that, the city council's documentation reveals another aspect of the state interventionism in the luso brazilian empire: the difficulties and restrictions caused to the colonists by the mercantilist practices would not be related only to the transatlantic market, but also to the barriers generated by the mercantilist system in its own colony and by the settlers themselves. Therefore, it is clear that the mercantilism was not an exclusivity of the historical metropolitan agents, but a conception that was also present here, deep-rooted in the local administrative institutions - whose positions were occupied by the settlers - which they took control and spread for all colonial society, perpetuating the interventionist and tutoring tradition. It is even more evident when analyzing the economical policy used by Portugal in this period, which tended... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Hole, Markus Sebastian. "The New Scramble for Africa : The EU’s Raw Materials Initiative - a response to China’s increased presence in Africa." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for historiske studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25378.
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Hanna, Ramy W. Lofty. "Water security mercantilism? : transnational state-capital alliances & multi-level hydropolitics of land-water investments in Egypt and the Nile Basin." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2019. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/81219/.
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Conventionally, the question of Egyptian water security focused on state-centric transboundary hydropolitics within the larger context of the Nile basin. The presented research explores 'water security' beyond this 'state-centric epistemology', typically focusing on a singular scale of hydropolitical analysis. This dissertation examines the water (hydro) politics of transnational land-water investments (LWI) within Egypt and the larger context of the Nile river basin. Adopting a multi-site case study methodology, it critically examines the changing role of the state and the engagement of non-state actors in the silent appropriation of land-water resources through investments in farmlands abroad. The research methodology contextualizes how land acquisitions take several shapes and forms within Egypt (Old-New Lands and New Lands/Mega Projects), as well as in other Nile basin countries (e.g. Sudan). They also manifest land-water-food nexus interdependencies for both; profit and larger strategic objectives, through the formation of 'State-Capital alliances'. Deploying a case study of an international Emirati investor in Egypt, it shows how land-water investments are rooted in a larger socio-political project as part of the state's vision of horizontal expansion and land reclamation, to address its ecological-demographic narrative of crisis. The research also draws linkages between Egyptian water security and transnational investments in other Nile basin countries with a particular focus on the case of Sudan as part of its larger vision of the 'breadbasket of the Arab World'. However, while these State-Capital alliances are rooted in narratives of state modernization, security, and profit, they entail various tensions and trade-offs amongst different resources nexi and actors, thus masking larger questions of social justice and equity. These tensions often reflect the manufacture of abundance and translate into water grabs transcending multiple hydropolitical scales. The thesis argues that the changing role of the "entrepreneurial state" and the engagement of non-state actors in transnational land-water investments manifest a transition from the hydraulic mission towards water security mercantilism. I argue that "water security mercantilism" denotes water grabbing, which overrides the conventional understanding of the hydraulic mission (water control by the state); towards a broader understanding of the role of non-state actors and international investors in accessing water, thus creating their own private resources security nexus. Hence, drawing on development studies, hydropolitics, and political economy scholarship, this dissertation broadens out the analysis of Egyptian water security beyond singular-scale state-centric hydropolitical debates; towards a multi-level polycentric analysis of water security, central to which are the farmers, the investors, and the state itself. This implies that transnational land-water investments not only influence small farmers through the reproduction of scarcity on the local level, but also influence the hydraulic mission of the state on the national level, and the larger Nile basin transboundary hydropolitics.
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Zeegers, Margaret, and bhoughton@deakin edu au. "A Mercantilist Cinderella: Deakin University and the Distance Education Student in the Postmodern World." Deakin University. Faculty of Education, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20030404.161615.
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This is a thesis presented on the position of the distance education student at a distance education university in the present era. Traditionally, the distance education student has been a sort of Cinderella: marginalised, being constructed as some form of lesser version of the on campus one. A largely invisible part of the higher education system in Australia since 1911, the distance education student has really only come to be foregrounded in university education discourses from 1983 onwards. It was not until then that the distance education student emerged from hidden pools identified by Karmel (1975), and since then the construction of this student has undergone a number of modifications, mapped in this thesis. At the same time university education itself has undergone a series of modifications, not least of which has been its taking on mercantilist overtones as investments made by students in their own careers and professional development. The modifications, also mapped in this thesis, have progressed to the stage where the construction of the old distance education student is now one of a flexible learner in a mercantilist system of university education. The notion of distance education and the distance education student has undergone significant shifts, redefinitions and constructions, which are tracked in this thesis. My research has focussed on a number of pertinent questions, based on a study of Deakin University and its practice since its establishment.
The thesis draws on a number of works which have been informed by those of Foucault, and I have framed my research questions accordingly. I have asked why and how Deakin University came into being as a distance education provider at tertiary level. What were the conditions of its establishment and progression in relation to the political events, economic practices and communication technology in use over time?
To consider such questions, I needed to analyse the changes that I had seen occurring in the context of wider restructurings in university education. These had occurred in the context of government forging a closer interconnectedness between education and national economic aims and objectives at the same time as it demanded greater productivity in the face of commercial and industrial sector pushes for applied knowledge.
Poststructuralist philosophical developments offer tools to explore not only questions of power, but the practical outcomes of questions of power, and how the complicity of individuals is established. This thesis explores ways in which such considerations helped to shape the changing constructions of the distance education student from a marginalised, disadvantaged and under-represented participant in higher education to a privileged, well catered for and advantaged learner. These same considerations are used to explore ways in which they have helped to shape university distance education courses from a perceived second-rate form of higher education to a prototype that better captures the essential elements of learning for what has been styled in a postmodern world as the Information Age. Overlaid on these considerations is a changing view of the economics of such provision of higher education.
It is anticipated that this thesis will contribute to developing new understandings of the construction of subjectivities in relation to the distance education university student specifically, and to the university student generally, in the postmodern world. The implications of this examination are not inconsiderable for students and academics in a self-styled Information Society.
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Gaiero, Andrew. "Enlightened Dissent: The Voices of Anti-Imperialism in Eighteenth Century Britain." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34962.
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This dissertation explores and analyzes anti-imperial sentiments in Britain throughout the long eighteenth century. During this period of major British state formation and imperial expansion, there were a surprisingly large number of observers who voiced notable and varied concerns and opposition towards numerous overseas ventures, yet who have not since received significant attention within the historical record. Indeed, many critics of British imperialism and empire-building, from within Britain itself, formed extensive and thoughtful assessments of their own nation’s conduct in the world. Criticism ranged widely, from those who opposed the high economic costs of imperial expansion to those worried that a divine retribution would rain down upon Britain for injustices committed by Britons abroad. Such diversity of anti-imperial perspectives came from a clearly enlightened minority, whose limited influences upon broader public opinions had little effect on policies at the time. Successive British administrations and self-interested Britons who sought their fortunes and adventures abroad, often with little regard for the damage inflicted on those whom they encountered, won the political debate over empire-building. However, in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, the perspectives of many of these individuals would increasingly become highly regarded. Later generations of reformers, particularly “Little Englanders”, or classical liberals and radicals, would look back reverently to these critics to draw inspiration for refashioning the empire and Britain’s position in the world. These eighteenth century ideas continued to present powerful counter-arguments to the trends then in place and served to inspire those, in the centuries that followed, who sought to break the heavy chains of often despotic colonial rule and mitigate the ravages of war and conquest.
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Dedieu, Franck. "Le patriotisme économique à travers le cas de cinquante firmes industrielles françaises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2019/2019_Dedieu_Franck.pdf.
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Cette thèse porte sur le patriotisme économique à travers le cas de 50 grandes firmes industrielles françaises. Elle entend d'abord analyser les contours du concept - assez négligé en sciences économiques - de patriotisme économique par le lien historique entre Nation et Entreprises puis par un examen de la pensée des « grands » auteurs de la question (Friedrich List en particulier). Elle vise ensuite empiriquement à mesurer l'inclination patriotique de 50 grandes firmes industrielles françaises sur la base d'une série de données recueillies dans leur document de référence déposé auprès de l'Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) entre 2006 et 2016: répartition géographique des effectifs, ventilation du chiffre d'affaires, nombre de filiales étrangères, impôt sur les résultats, attribution par pays (ou continent) des actifs immobilisés. Il en ressort notamment une réduction importante en l'espace de 10 ans seulement des effectifs en France {-17%) et une hausse concomitante des effectifs dans les pays émergents (+29%). A l'aune de ces résultats, le présent travail fera apparaître les principaux déterminants du patriotisme : actionnariat, secteur d'activité, rentabilité, rémunération du personnel… Enfin, cette thèse compare ces résultats découverts au sein des firmes françaises avec ceux des firmes européennes concurrentes. Les mêmes données ont été consignées auprès d'une soixantaine de multinationales allemandes, britanniques, suédoises ou encore suisses. Lesquelles, au cours de la période (2006-2016), parviennent à augmenter de 14% leurs effectifs domestiques. Un défaut de patriotisme français apparaît donc clairement au sujet du patriotisme économique. Les derniers développements de cette thèse en analyseront les raisons sur la base de résultats empiriques mais aussi d'observations venues d'autres sciences socialesThis thesis focuses on economic patriotism by case study of 50 large French industrial firms. First, we intend to analyze the context of the concept - quite neglected in economic science - of economic patriotism by making the historical link between nations and companies, and secondly by a study of the "main" authors covering this tapie (Friedrich List especially}. This thesis aims empirically to measure the patriotic affinity or affiliation of 50 large French industrial firms on the basis of a series of data collected from annual reports filed with the AMF (French financial markets authority) between 2006 and 2016 : geographical distribution of employees, sales revenue by contries, number of foreign consolidated subsidiaries, incarne taxe, allocation by country (or continent) of intangible assets. From this it shows that there is a significant reduction of employees in France (-17%) over the last ten years (2006-2016and at the same that there is an increase of employees in emerging countries (+ 29%). ln the light of these results, the present analysis will demonstrate the main factors of patriotism : shareholder structure, sector of activity, Retum on equity investment, personnel expenses ... Finally, this thesis will compare these results discovered within French firms with those of competing European firms. The same data were analyzed with about sixty German, British, Swedish or Swiss multinationals. During the period (from 2006 to 2016), these firms increase their domestic workforce (in number of employees) by 14%. A notion of« lack » of French patriotism thus arises clearly from the topic subject The latest developments in this thesis will further analyze the reasons based on empirical results but will also touch upon observations from other social sciences
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Wottle, Martin. "Det lilla ägandet : Korporativ formering och sociala relationer inom Stockholms minuthandel 1720-1810." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-13942.
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In the second half of the 18th century, the Stockholm retail trades started to organise themselves in legal corporations, called trade societies. In this, they were frequently opposed by the State. Swedish society was still basically a corporatist society, based on privileged bodies, with defined functions and rights. Corporations on a concrete level, claiming legal status as intermediaries between the Individual and the public did, however, not fit into the plans of the State anymore. This dissertation deals with the following problems concerning this late addition to the corporate world of early-modern Sweden: What were the driving forces behind this corporate formation? And what were its consequences, for the relations between corporation and individual on the one hand, and between the corporations and the public on the other? The theoretical framework includes a discussion concerning conflicting conceptions of property. I will argue that the corporate ideals presuppose an 'embedded' notion of property, whereas 'new' ideas of property as a purely material commodity were starting to make their way into 18th century Swedish society. The second theoretical assumption is, that the action of the trade societies may be seen from a petite bourgeoisie perspective, where both the preconditions for their business and social status, as well as their collective action, show great affinity with that of advocates of petty property and small-scale business in the late 19th and early 20th century. I will argue that the combined phenomena of perceived relative deprivation and subsequent real economic hardship proved conducive to the decision of the retail trades to start forming proper corporations, meaning legally recognised (and protected) occupational associations. This process included a shift of strategy, as the trade societies turned inward: A closer adherence to the question of a moral economy, and claims to mutuality and surveillance within the society, were combined with strengthened claims concerning the question of credentials and professional skill. In their relations to individuals, the trade societies were obvious exponents of the patriarchal society. Young men within the retail trades, although closely supervised, faced reasonably fair chances of one day becoming tradesmen, burgesses and members of the corporation. Where conformity was lacking, however, both corporations and individuals were prone to litigation. The strengthened legal position of the trade societies proved to be conducive also to strengthened position vis-à-vis individuals. During the latter part of the century, the municipal courts showed greater adherence to the arguments and statutes of the corporations. The patriarchal system did also contain the relations between men and women. Here is introduced the concept of the corporate gender-order, for describing the trade societies' relations to women within and in the periphery of the corporation. Independent women, working outside any patriarchal control, was seen as a serious threat to the identity of these trades as exclusive, and as 'professions'. As a conclusion the retailers show a certain affinity with the petite bourgeoisie, in their individual as well as their collective behaviour.
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Thévenin, Julien Marius Reis. "Mercantilização do espaço rural pelo turismo: uma leitura a partir do município de Cairu-Ba." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2009. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5637.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da BahiaThe nature becoming scarce, for its appropriation and consumption inside of the logic of accumulation in the hegemonic way of production, as well as for the industrialization and urbanization as development standard, has been submitted to a new form of value aggregation through the contemplative consumption of the landscape. That way, the tourism activity, as stage of the extended accumulation of the capital has appealed to the rural space, cradle of the remaining natural beauty. Transforming natural landscapes into consumption products and the littoral rural space in a scenery of development and dissimulation of hope for intermediary of public politics directed toward the tourism. Aggravating a conflict establishes between the place and the world, of where it comes a loaded ratiocinator process of ideological content that arrives at each place with objects and norms established to serve them. When analyzing the city of Cairu, that it is find inserted in this process, it observes that with the installation of the tourist economy has an acceleration of the reproduction of the place under the molds of the society urban-industrial. The values that had given support to the tourism for its scarcity (natural beauties, tranquility, native culture), quickly pass to be substituted, for the contradictions produced for the social system and denied by the urban society, generating a great depreciation of the place and the proper fixed capital. Where the only real form of overcoming of this contradictory movement it is find to beyond of the capital.
A natureza tornada escassa, por sua apropriação e consumo dentro da lógica de acumulação do modo de produção hegemônico, assim como pela industrialização e urbanização como padrão de desenvolvimento, tem sido submetida a uma nova forma de agregação de valor, através do consumo contemplativo da paisagem. Dessa forma, a atividade turística, enquanto etapa da acumulação ampliada do capital, tem recorrido ao espaço rural, berço da beleza natural remanescente. Transformando paisagens naturais em produtos de consumo e o espaço rural litorâneo em palco de desenvolvimento e de dissimulação de esperança por intermédio de políticas públicas voltadas para o turismo. Agravando um conflito que se estabelece entre o lugar e o mundo, de onde vem um processo racionalizador carregado de conteúdo ideológico que chega a cada lugar com objetos e normas estabelecidos para servi-los. Ao analisar o município de Cairu, que se encontra inserido neste processo, observa-se que, com a instalação da economia turística, há uma aceleração da reprodução do lugar sob os moldes da sociedade urbanoindustrial. Os valores que deram suporte ao turismo por sua escassez (belezas naturais, tranquilidade, cultura nativa), rapidamente passam a ser substituídos pelas contradições produzidas pelo sistema social e negadas pela sociedade urbana, gerando uma grande desvalorização do lugar e do próprio capital fixo. Onde a única forma real de superação desse movimento contraditório encontra-se para além do capital.
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Zegarra, Mulanovich Juan Manuel. "Mercantilismo y Certex." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108130.
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Alfvin, Gustav. "The killers of sand : A case study on how a shortage of sand is breaking down India from within." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182506.
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This is a study on the Indian government's use of mercantilism and imperialism in their policy choices in regards to the diminishing supply of sand. Because of this the study will revolve around the globally growing problem that is a sand shortage, and how the Indian government is preparing to handle it. What consequences the solutions have had and how different levels inside the government are working against each other. Then the rising phenomenon that is the Indian sand mafia will be analyzed, who are their partners and benefactors. How come they could emerge and what exactly is a sand mafia? These are some of the questions this thesis will answer
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Carlén, Stefan. "Staten som marknadens salt : en studie i institutionsbildning, kollektivt handlande och tidig välfärdspolitik på en strategisk varumarknad i övergången mellan merkantilism och liberalism 1720-1862." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-48410.
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This dissertation studies public institutional arrangements on the Swedish salt market 1720-1862. Crucial issues are how an why these arrangements emerged and were changed as well as they were used. The arrangements were erected in order to realize economic and social goals. In this respect, the policy persued by the Swedish government differed from those of most other governments, where policies concerning salt primarily meant tax policies. Government policies in Sweden were firstly external and had a long-term orientation. The aim was to import as much salt as possible to Sweden. The government also pursued a short-term policy in order to cope with short-term shorages. Overall, these policies were successful. Contrary to what has been stated in earlier Swedish research, the protectionist shipping policies did not lead to shortages of salt and high saltprices. Instead, the Swedish shipping and freight manufacture was stimulated, and Sweden became independent of foreign merchant fleets. The mercantilist aim of building a large merchant fleet, independent of potential enemy nations, was achieved without any negative effects on prices or supply on the Swedish salt market. Shortages of salt were not caused by a generally low yearly supply of salt. On the contrary, Sweden consistently had a surplus of salt and re-exported every year salt to other countries. The shortages of salt was rather regional and temporary, due to unexpected shocks on the supply side (wars, buccaneering, shipwrecks, persistent head winds, crises of production) and on the demand side (abundant fishing, cattle diseases and forced slaughter etc.). Costly and slow transports and communication meant that unexpected shortages could not be solved through trade. To solve these problems different institutional arrangements were created. These arrangements emerged in an evolutionary process of institutional change characterized by significant random elements. Severe shortages caused large changes in relative prices which acted as triggering factors in the process of institutional formation. Three more elaborated institutional arrangements having welfare purpuses were established, but disappeared in a rather short time. In 1774 a system of State Salt Stores were established in all staple towns. This arrangement proved to be very efficient as an insurance system, and the Salt Stores were frequently used to avert temporary shortages until new cargos of salt had arrived. The active state policy was a prerequisite for the markets to function satisfactory under mercantilism. But public stockpiling came to an end because the need for this insurance services diminished. But new technologies in saltproduction and shipping, increases in security and improved communications, a more efficiently-functioning market structure caused a significant long run decline i saltprices in relation to other prices and wages. Consequently, the need for public arrangements on the saltmarket decreased.
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Ghersi, Vidal Enrique. "Consecuencias jurídicas del mercantilismo." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123746.
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Coutinho, Miria Marques. "D. Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho e o reformismo ilustrado: manutenção e exploração da América portuguesa no final do século XVIII." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2002. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6376.
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A dissertação busca demonstrar como o final do século XVIII português foi marcado por tentativas de estabelecimento de programas de reformas pautadas em estratégias reformistas, no sentido de salvar Portugal da difícil situação social, política econômica em que o mesmo se encontrava. Nesse sentido, destaca a administração de D. Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho, ministro da marinha e do ultramar e teórico da Ilustração luso-brasileira, que teve como proposta manter e explorar a América portuguesa, baseado no mercantilismo ilustrado. A dissertação destaca, ainda, o papel da Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa, reduto da intelectualidade luso-brasileira, cujo auxílio permitiu que fosse colocada em prática uma exploração renovada e útil das riquezas do Brasil, calcada no ideal de reforma das Luzes.The temporal marks of this dissertation concern the last decades of the eighteenth century in Portugal. Its object is to give evidence of the attempts for establishing reform programs based on reforming strategies, in order to free Portugal from some social, political and economical difficulties. This, the dissertation focuses on Dom Rodrigo de Souza Coutinhos administration as a navy and overseas minister, and also a member of Portuguese-Brazilian Illustration, Which intended to keep and explore Portuguese America in accordance with illustrated mercantilism. Besides, the dissertation points out the function of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, the house of Lusitanian and Brazilian intellectuality, which helped to put in practice a kind of renewed and profitable exploration of Brazilian natural sources, based on Illustration reform principles.
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Marquez, Maria Victoria. "Los “más alentados y empolvados comerciantes”. Sujetos mercantiles y escritura en el Tucumán colonial." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534436661290032.
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Pandolfi, Alessandro. "Le mercantilisme et l'accumulation primitive." Paris 8, 1994. http://octaviana.fr/document/184664063#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Ce travail entend reprendre l'analyse d'un theme classique de l'historiographie des institutions politiques et economiques de la modernite : il s'est agi en effet de re-examiner la validite de certains points de reference epistemologiques et de contester la valeur effective de certains d'entre eux (en particulier toutes les formes de progressisme episterologique, de l'evolutionnisme smictien jusqu'au neo-fonctionnalisme systemique). Les themes autour desquels la recherche s'est articulee sont la critique du mercantilisme entendu comme phase de transition, le developpement de la forme-argent comme instrument de domination, la continuation d'un espace politique et economique mondial et ses segmentations hierarchiques, les origines et les developpements de la regulation politique de l'economie, les principaux modeles de l'accumulation en france, aux pays-bas et en angleterre, la subsomption capitaliste et la formation d'un proletariat mercantileThis thesis criticises the main pamadigms of modernity's reconstruction id est the mercantilism is not a transitional area between premodernity and industrialism, but a positive and productive moment the main arguments of this research in synthesis are : the money form as an instrument of domination, the development of a word-economy, the origins of the state regulation, the power of capital in agricultural and manufactural modes of production
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LIMA, Tereza Cristina M. Pinheiro de. "O ensino suprerior de administração no Brasil e em Goiás: expansão, privatização e mercantilização no período de 1995-2006." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1174.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-30This research intends to examine the expansion of the undergraduate teaching in Administration, specifically in Brazil and Goias state, through the period of 1995-2006, which was marked by deep transformations in the political, economic and social structures of the country, starting from the mercantilism, privatization and inland of that education level. This project analyzes the expansion of the undergraduate teaching in the context of a Brazilian State Reformation. It takes the politics of undergraduate teaching expansion in Administration within the conjuncture of the transformations in the capitalist way of production in Brazil, exploring, inclusively, the orientations of the neoliberal politics divulged by the multilateral organisms. The implemented government politics represent the crowning of the neoliberal politics in Goias, with predominance for the private teaching (with public budgets), in which the logic is settled by the criteria of the market, of the competition, of the lowest investment and largest profit. The methodological course includes bibliographical research, official documents, state and national organisms websites, as well as websites in IES researched in Goiás, questionnaires and interviews with protagonists of this history. The researched universe included 47 courses of Administration created in the period of 1995 - 2006, which 18 courses are carried out in Goiania, 29 inside the state, 9 in public IES and 38 in private IES. The results of the research indicate a significant growth of the private undergraduate teaching, the narrow relationship of the expansion, privatization and the inland of the undergraduate teaching in Administration. It presents the expansion of the course with its multiple qualifications as market strategy in order to supply the labor market, to generate profits to the educational entrepreneurs, disfiguring the course of Administration. It still indicates that creating courses of Administration was an investment opportunity in the world of businesses, delineating the privatized expansion of the undergraduate teaching in the country and in Goias state
Esta pesquisa procura examinar a expansão do Ensino Superior de Administração, no Brasil e em Goiás, no período de 1995-2006, período marcado por profundas transformações nas estruturas política, econômica e social do país, a partir da mercantilização, da privatização e da interiorização desse nível de ensino. Este trabalho tem vinculação com a linha de pesquisa Estado e Política Educacional e analisa a expansão do ensino superior, no contexto da reforma do Estado brasileiro e respectivas políticas para a educação superior. Para tanto, toma as políticas de expansão do ensino superior de Administração na conjuntura das transformações do modo de produção capitalista, no Brasil, explorando, inclusive as orientações das políticas neoliberais propaladas pelos organismos multilaterais. As políticas governamentais implementadas representam o coroamento da política neoliberal em Goiás, com predominância para o ensino privado (com verbas públicas), onde a lógica se estabelece pelos critérios do mercado, da concorrência, do menor investimento e, maior lucro. O percurso metodológico inclui pesquisa bibliográfica, documentos oficiais, sites do organismos estaduais e nacionais, sites das IES pesquisadas em Goiás, questionários e entrevistas com os protagonistas desta história, diretores, mantenedores e professores.. O universo pesquisado incluiu, 47 cursos de Administração criados no período de 1995 2006, sendo 18 cursos em Goiânia e, 29, no interior do Estado, 9 em IES públicas e 38 em IES privadas. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam um crescimento significativo do ensino superior privado, a estreita relação da expansão, privatização, mercantilização e interiorização do Ensino Superior de Administração. Apresenta a expansão do curso de Administração, com suas múltiplas habilitações como estratégia mercadológica para atender ao mercado de trabalho, gerar lucratividade aos empresários da educação, desconfigurando o curso de Administração. Indica ainda, que criar cursos de Administração foi uma oportunidade de investimento no mundo dos negócios delineando-se a expansão privatizada do Ensino Superior no país e no estado de Goiás
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Fonteneau, Yannick. "Développements précoces du concept de travail mécanique (fin 17e s.-début 18e s.) : quantification, optimisation et profit de l'effet des agents producteurs." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640402.
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En prenant comme point d'horizon l'entrée du concept de travail mécanique dans la physique théorique par les ingénieurs-savants du début de 19e siècle (Coriolis et Navier notamment), cette thèse montre la filiation de ce concept vis-à-vis de démarches apparaissant à l'aube du 18e siècle à l'Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris, notamment dans les oeuvres d'Amontons et de Parent. La thèse montre alors comment et pourquoi le concept commence à se développer au premier 18e siècle dans cet environnement, comment il est ensuite repris, enrichi, modifié par Pitot, Bélidor, Desaguliers, D. Bernoulli, et comment au contraire ce concept semble ignoré de savants plus théoriciens tel que D'Alembert. Le rôle de la rupture de la vision statique de la machine semble déterminant. Apparaît alors la forte dépendance de ce concept aux problématiques qu'il permet de résoudre, axées sur la quantification et l'optimisation de l'effet des hommes, des animaux et des machines en situation laborieuse, et leurs comparaisons mutuelles dont l'une des finalités est la recherche du profit économique. L'histoire du concept se donne à voir comme une interface permanente entre mécanique théorique, mécanique pratique, et aspects productifs. On suggère alors que la légitimité du concept tient dans sa pertinence à rendre compte du travail des agents producteurs. Enfin, la thèse s'attache à recréer l'épaisseur du réel derrière les concepts et les problématiques, en montrant ce qu'ils doivent aux stratégies gouvernementales et aux pratiques d'ingénieurs.
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Cournil, Mélanie. "De la pratique esclavagiste aux campagnes abolitionnistes : une Ecosse en quête d'identité, XVII-XIX siècles." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2043.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour but d’étudier le degré d’implication des Écossais dans le système esclavagiste britannique graduellement mis en place dans les colonies du Nouveau Monde à partir du XVIIe siècle. Dans la lignée de publications récentes témoignant d’un intérêt grandissant pour la question, il vise à mettre au jour un pan problématique de l’histoire écossaise, qui trouve un écho particulier dans les discussions actuelles sur l’identité nationale écossaise. Cette thèse s’attarde ainsi sur le rôle particulier joué par les Écossais dans le développement économique de la traite négrière et au sein des sociétés esclavagistes des Antilles britanniques. Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse également à l’émergence des idées abolitionnistes en Grande-Bretagne au début du XIXe siècle et à la place des Écossais dans ce grand débat sociétal. L’enjeu de cette thèse est de déterminer s’il existait une spécificité de comportement, d’idéologie, dans le rôle joué par les Écossais au sein du système esclavagiste et dans les campagnes abolitionnistes dans le contexte impérial post-Union. Cette démarche ne s’inscrit pas dans la volonté clivante de singulariser les Écossais, mais de remettre en question l’homogénéité des notions d’« esclavagisme britannique » et d’ « abolitionnisme britannique ». Selon une approche chronologique, ce travail de recherche s’organise en trois mouvements. La première partie s’articule autour de la genèse d’une idéologie impériale écossaise, s’appuyant sur une conception économique esclavagiste. La seconde partie s’attarde sur la réalité du système esclavagiste dans les colonies et la place des colons écossais tandis que la dernière partie revient sur l’apport philosophique, idéologique et politique des Écossais dans les campagnes abolitionnistes britanniques et sur leur inclusion dans un projet à l’identité britannique très affirméeThis dissertation explores the scope of the Scottish involvement in the British slave system that was implemented in the colonies of the New World from the 17th century onwards. In the wake of recent research revealing a growing interest for this specific issue, it aims at examining a problematic aspect of Scotland’s history, shedding some new light on the current debate about national identity in Scotland. This thesis dwells on the particular role played by the Scots in the economic development of the African slave trade and their participation in slave societies in the West Indies. This research also takes interest in the emergence of abolitionist ideas in Great Britain at the beginning of the 19th century and the part Scottish people played in the national debate. The main purpose is to determine whether there existed a Scottish specificity, regarding behaviours and ideology, in the British slave system and in the British abolitionist movement within the post-Union imperial context. The intent is not to single Scottish people out but rather to question the relevance of concepts such as « British slavery » and « British abolitionism ».Adopting a chronological approach, this thesis consists of three parts. First, it revolves around the development of the Scottish imperial ideology and of a colonial economic conception based on slavery. The second part dwells on the harsh reality of the slave system in the colonies and the role Scottish colonists played in it. Finally, the thesis tackles the philosophical, ideological and political contribution of Scottish people to the British abolitionist campaigns and examines their inclusion within this British scheme
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Häggqvist, Henric. "On the Ocean of Protectionism : The Structure of Swedish Tariffs and Trade 1780–1830." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264482.
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In the field of international trade there is an intriguing tension between the ideological allure of free trade and the political reality of protectionism. Typically, the former is favored by scholars while the latter has been more historically prevalent. Protectionism in the form of tariffs and other obstacles trade was generally a preferred trade policy around the globe in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Sweden was no exception and has been seen as highly protectionist and mercantilist during this period. This thesis has sought to shed new light on Swedish trade policy between 1780 and 1830. It has done so by quantifying and homogenizing tariffs and import bans in order to be able to analyze the structure of tariffs. The thesis stands on a theoretical ground which takes into account the different plausible reasons for setting tariffs. It has placed some emphasis on the possible tension between the desire to shelter one’s own industry from foreign competition and the need to use tariffs for fiscal purposes, as an important source of government revenue. It is therefore argued that tariffs need to be separated theoretically and empirically. A simple model is presented which aims to discern three types of tariffs. The model takes into account the tariff rate itself, and also the structure of trade and the presence of domestic substitution. The thesis has found that Swedish tariffs were generally high over the period and that protectionism was prevalent in a large number of economic sectors. There is tentative evidence that protectionist tariffs also distorted trade in certain types of goods, even if they didn’t have an impact on total import levels. Tariffs were also set so as to separate between raw materials and more processed goods, what is called mercantilist differentiation. Substantial empirical support is given to the claim that certain tariffs on inelastic consumption goods were of great fiscal importance, and increasingly so as the period progressed. The fiscal pressure maintained or even increased the import tariffs, which made it possible to decrease tariffs on exports.
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Santander, Reveco Marcos. "Financiamiento y PYMES : operaciones mercantiles." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170597.
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Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y SocialesEl objetivo central de esta tesis es realizar un análisis descriptivo de las operaciones mercantiles a las cuales pueden acceder las pequeñas y medianas empresas, reflexionando sobre el hecho de que estas, en el proceso de toma de decisiones, optan en su mayoría por métodos tradicionales de financiamiento, a saber, préstamos de particulares o productos de la banca. De esta forma, el presente estudio pretende una reflexión teórica sobre otros mecanismos de financiamiento, resaltando sus ventajas, desventajas y riesgos asociados. Palabras clave: Financiamiento, pequeña empresa, medianaempresa, crédito de consumo, tarjeta de crédito, factoring, leasing, securitización, confirming, crowdfunding.
31 julio de 2020
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Clément, Alain. "Nourrir le peuple : de l'etat garant a l'echange souverain (1550-1850)." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22007.
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Partant du constat que la peur du manque de vivres est un trait constant de nos societes d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, fondee ou pas, notre recherche consiste en une analyse de la maniere dont cette crainte est maitrisee et en une histoire intellectuelle de l'approvisionnement alimentaire qui lui est rattachee, depuis les premiers textes mercantilistes jusqu'au milieu du xixe siecle. Le premier discours porte avant tout sur les questions d'approvisionnement national ; l'essentiel est d'atteindre l'objectif d'autosuffisance et d'independance alimentaire expression incontournable de la puissance politique des nations naissantes, et de reaffirmer l'obligation alimentaire du pouvoir central a l'egard des plus pauvres illustree par la mise en place d'un pacte de subsistances. Le deuxieme discours trouve sa source dans les ecrits mercantilistes de la fin du xviie siecle et s'affirme tout au long du xviiie siecle. Le contenu ideologique change radicalement accordant au marche la responsabilite majeure dans l'approvisionnement alimentaire, l'etat devant ceder de plus en plus sa fonction nourriciere au profit d'une garantie apportee au libre fonctionnement du marche autoregulateur. Ce triomphe du liberalisme n'a pas pour autant fait disparaitre un autre courant ideologique qui voit encore dans la question des vivres une affaire d'etat plus qu'une simple question economique justifiant ainsi un encadrement, une surveillance des marches et une politique de prix plus en conformite avec les possibilites financieres du peuple. Le troisieme discours de la premiere moitie du xixe siecle porte sur la crainte d'une insuffisante capacite du systeme economique a nourrir une population en croissance continue. Le debat sur les corn laws en reponse a cette interrogation remet en cause les objectifs d'independance alimentaire alors que le debat sur les poor laws rejette definitivement toute responsabilite etatique dans l'approvisionnement alimentaire du peupleOur research, which consists in the preparation of an intellectual history of food supply from the first mercantilist texts to the middle of the nineteenth century, is based on the observation that the fear of lacking food - whether justified or not - is a constant feature in our societies past and present. The first discourse concerns primarily the problem of supply on a national level. The essential objective is to attain self-sufficiency and independence in terms of food supplies (an inevitable expression of political power in new nations) and to affirm the central power's duty to supply food to the poorest members of the community, a duty illustrated by the creation of the subsistence pact. The second discourse has its origins in the mercantilist texts of the end of the seventeenth century and is developped throughout the eighteenth century. The ideological context changes radically, conferring the chief responsibility for supplying food onto the market. The state is compelled increasingly to abandon its nurturing function and adopt measures guaranteeing free movement in a self-regulated market. This triumph of the liberal economy does not, however, eliminate another ideology which continues to affirm that food supplies are the concern of the state rather than a simple question of economics and that regulation, supervision of the markets and price policies established in function of the people's financial resources are therefore justified. The third discourse of the first half of the nineteenth century concentrates on concerns about the capacity of an economic system to feed a continuously growing population. In response to these concerns, the debate on the corn laws questionned the objective of food independence while that on the poor laws rejected definitively all state responsibility for supplying food to the people
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Florêncio, Tatiana Magalhães. "A expansão do ensino superior privado em Alagoas: um panorama pós-LDB." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/298.
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This study aims at investigating the process of expanding the higher education
in the state of Alagoas, having as its starting point the law 9.394/96 (Lei de Diretrizes
e Bases da Educação Nacional) We adopt the historical/ dialectic materialism
method in order to analyze the inner relations evolving the phenomenon. From that
perspective, we consider the materiality of social relations in the capitalist society to
explain the essence of such local expansion. Having the referred theoretical support,
we therefore analyse the educational politics within the neo-liberal Brazilian state and
its consequences concerning Alagoas. The whole process has been observed
regarding data from Censo de Ensino Superior and also from national and local
speeches, through significant utterances, specially those taken from interviews with
the former Education Minister Paulo Renato Souza and leaders/owners of five
different private educational institutes, which were founded after the upsurge of
LDBEN. To stablish this relationship between the objective and simbolic dimensions
on the phenomenon, we will be working with Discourse Analysis (DA), from the
French research line. We conclude then that the higher education market in Alagoas
nowadays represents a cultural conflict concerning the institutions managament and
at the same time it follows the trend of higher education mercantilism. We also argue
that the local socioeconomic reality singles out contradictions as to the own
maintenance of this market/field, however, its growth takes place through a strategy
of market expansion in the Northeast, supported by the ideology that preaches higher
education as essential to employment. With that purpose, the market bets on the
continuity of such educational politics which does not invest in the broadening of the
public space and also that guarantees the institutions sustainability via financing
needy students, in other words, reducing even more the frontiers between the public
and the private.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
O presente trabalho tem como proposta investigar o processo de expansão do ensino superior em Alagoas a partir da promulgação da Lei 9.394/96 (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional) até os dias atuais. Para tratar as relações existentes no fenômeno, utilizamos como método o materialismo histórico dialético, partindo da materialidade das relações sociais no modo de produção capitalista para explicar a essência da expansão local. Com essa sustentação teórica, analisamos as políticas educacionais no estado neoliberal brasileiro e seu desdobramento em Alagoas. Esse desdobramento é analisado por meio de dados do Censo de Ensino Superior e do discurso nacional e local, através de enunciados significativos, retirados de entrevistas do ex-ministro da educação Paulo Renato Souza, e dirigentes e donos de cinco Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas de Alagoas, criadas após a LDBEN. Para estabelecer essa relação entre as dimensões objetivas e simbólicas do fenômeno, trabalhamos com a Análise do Discurso (AD) de linha francesa. Concluímos que o mercado de ensino superior existente em Alagoas hoje apresenta um conflito cultural no que se refere ao gerenciamento das instituições, ao mesmo tempo em que segue as tendências atuais de mercantilização do ensino superior. Entendemos ainda que a realidade socioeconômica alagoana aponta contradições quanto às possibilidades de manutenção desse mercado, mas seu crescimento se efetiva por meio de uma estratégia de expansão do mercado educacional no Nordeste, apoiando-se na ampliação da ideologia da formação superior como necessária para a empregabilidade. Para isso, o mercado aposta na continuidade de uma política educacional que não invista na ampliação do espaço público e garanta a sustentabilidade das instituições através do financiamento de alunos carentes, reduzindo ainda mais as fronteiras entre o público e o privado.
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Barbet, Philippe. "Fondements et analyse des conflits commerciaux : assiste-t-on à un renouveau du Mercantilisme dans les échanges internationaux ?" Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131002.
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Les relations commerciales internationales sont marquees par des conflits bilateraux et sectoriels impliquant des pays qui, par ailleurs, affichent une doctrine libre-echangiste et la volonte de ne pas interferer dans la getion des echanges internationaux. Toutefois, et en rupture avec la situation frequemment rencontree jusqu'au premier tiers du xxeme siecle. Ces conflits commerciaux n'enclenchent pas de mecanismes de represeailles generalisees conduisant a un phenomene de "contagion protectionniste". Le commerce international est caracterise par deux mouvements apparement contradictoires : d'une part une tendance a l'elargissemnt, tant geographique que sectorieln de la liberalisation des echanges et de l'autre, la multiplmication de conflits commerciaux lmocalise. Il parait donc legitime, au regard de la permanence de ces dynamiques observees depuis le milieu des annees soixante-dix, de proposer une contribution a l'analyse economique des conflits commerciaux se demarquant de celle du protectionnisme. Le champ d'analyse dans lequel se situe cette these est celui de "l'economie industrielle internationale" ou de "l'economie internationale en concurrence imparfaite". S'agissant d'analyser des conflits bilateraux et sectoriels, une approche qui se situe au confluent de la theorie de l'economie internationale et de l'economie industrielle nous parait particulierement appropriee pour rendre compte de la complexite des relations en jeuThis research presents a framework for an economic analysis of trade frictions in international trade. A special references is made to the risk of a new mercantilist approach of international relations. The first part gives survey of the relations between mercantilism, free trade and theory of protection. It demonstrates that the foundation of modern theory of strategic trade policy ios in a part of mercantiliste approach. In the second part, we focuse on the exstent of non tariff barriers in international trade with an amphasis on anti-dumping, and volontary export restraion. Commercial policies of the united states, europe and japan are presented. Two sectors are examined in the third part in relation with relation to past and future trade frictions. The first chapter covers the trade dispute between us and japan in semconductors in the mid eighties. The second chapter envisages the future trade disputes in the liberalization and deregulation of telecommunications services
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Kanawati, Chockry. "Du mercantilisme et de sa reprise par l'Egypte nassérienne (1952-1970)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606364w.
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Kanawati, Chockry. "Du mercantilisme et de sa reprise par l'Egypte nassérienne (1952-1970)." Toulouse 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU10050.
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Le mercantilisme est une économie nationaliste et un nationalisme économique. Sa forme est le capitalisme dirige accompagne de capitalisme-d'état. La gloire nationale en est le but final. Pour cette raison, l'économie est mise au service du nationalisme. Le mercantilisme originel a eu lieu en Europe du XVIe au XVIIIe siècles. Il fut repris ultérieurement par l'Allemagne et par l'Egypte. Ces reprises se distinguent du neo-mercantilisme par le fait qu'elles sont intégrales. La politique économique de la révolution égyptienne de 1952 était mercantiliste. C'était une politique de nationalisme économique et d'économie au service du nationalisme. Par ailleurs, les officiers révolutionnaires avaient un sens de l'équité. C'est pourquoi, certaines mesures furent prises pour alléger les charges des moins favorises. Ainsi, le mercantilisme fut complète par du "welfaire economics". Le problème est que depuis 1961, le régime fut qualifie de "socialiste". Il se déclara socialiste et les medias employèrent les slogans socialistes. Les écrivains égyptiens et étrangers acceptèrent cette qualification. Il s'agit de rectifier la qualification, après avoir défini le mercantilismeMercantilism is nationalistic economic and economic nationalism. It takes the form of directed capitalism accompanied by state capitalism. The final aim is national glory. For this reason, the economy is made to serve nationalism. Original mercantilism took place in Europe between the 16th and the 18th centuries. But, the system was later applied again in germany and in Egypt. These returns can be differentiated from neo-mercantilism in that they are complete. The economic policy of the egyptian revolution of 1952 was mercantilistic. It was a policy of economic nationalism, and of economy at the service of nationalism. The revolutionary officers also had a sence of equity. For this reason, measures were taken to lighten the burden of the underprivileged. Hence, mercantilism was completed by "welfare economics". The problem is that since 1961, the regime was qualified as being socialistic. It declared itself socialistic and its media used socialistic slogans. Egyptian and foreign writers accepted this qualification. This qualification is to be corrected, after definity mercantilism
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Collantes, José Luis. "La protección diplomática de sociedades mercantiles y accionistas." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123607.
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Walter, Maximilian. "Das Fürststift Kempten im Zeitalter des Merkantilismus : Wirtschaftspolitik und Realentwicklung, 1648 - 1802-03 /." Stuttgart : in Kommission bei F. Steiner, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37119867c.
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Balachandran, Gopalan. "John Bullion's empire : Britain's gold problem and India between the wars /." Richmond (GB) : Curzon, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358568124.
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Parel, Véronique. "La richesse comme objet de connaissance scientifique : de la mesure de la valeur à l'analyse du travail dans la pensée économique de William Petty." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010015.
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Au XVIIeme siècle, en Angleterre, sous l'influence notamment des travaux de Bacon, la richesse devient un objet de connaissance scientifique. Après avoir exposé le contexte la fois socio-économique et intellectuel de l'époque, la thèse propose une lecture de l'oeuvre de William Petty. Cette oeuvre est centrée sur la mesure de la richesse nationale et sur les lois naturelles qu'il convient de respecter afin d'accroitre cette richesse. C'est en fonction de ces objectifs que prennent sens les concepts de valeur intrinseque, de prix naturel, de valeur extrinsèque et de prix politique ainsi que les recherches de Petty sur l'étalon de mesure de la valeur basé sur la terre et le travail. L'analyse des prix ne vise donc pas chez cet auteur à rendre compte des règles de l'échange comme ce sera ultérieurement le cas avec les classiques puis les néo-classiques. De même, il est montré que la notion de surplus, d'une part, et que l'étude du travail, d'autre part, relèvent d'une problématique qui interdit de penser Petty comme un précurseur des classiquesIn the seventeenth century, in England, in a baconinian scientific background, wealth is becoming a subject of scientific knowledge. After having exposed the social economic and intellectuel background of this period, this thesis proposes a reading of William Petty's books. These one are based on the measure of national wealth and on natural laws which should be applied to increase it. The concept of intrinsick value, natural price, extrinsick value and political price, and also the thiking on the standard of measure of value (based upon the par land - labour) ought to be understood in relation with this question of measure of national wealth. So that petty is not willing to associate directly - as classicals and neo-classicals do - the analysis of prices and the determination of the rules of exchange. Lit has been showed also that the notion of surplus, and the thiking on labour as well are understood in a very specific way, which prevent to present petty as a precursor of classical thought
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Grisa, Sandro Eduardo. "O capital como negação das relações mercantis." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/83151.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T21:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 190310.pdf: 292928 bytes, checksum: 09690fdaba866a76b1977951bef806bd (MD5)
Este trabalho parte de uma pergunta provocativa: São as relações capitalistas mercantis? Para respondê-la, dividiu-se o trabalho em quatro partes. Na primeira parte, discute-se, em Marx, a articulação existente entre as formas históricas de divisão do trabalho social, as forças produtivas do trabalho social e as relações de propriedade. Na segunda parte busca-se entender mais detalhadamente as formas materiais que as relações de troca se apresentam na superfície da formação social mercantil; além disso, evidencia-se o dinheiro como forma universal do riqueza mercantil, bem como síntese contraditória das relações mercantis, a qual permite o movimento antitético até a forma social modificada de capital. A terceira parte é dedicada exclusivamente ao dinheiro e as suas formas funcionais afirmativas e negativas, bem como a sua subsunção (e também da mercadoria) ao movimento de autovalorização do capital. Na quarta e última parte, analisa-se a natureza específica do modo de produção capitalista e sua lógica imanente de acumulação. Evidenciando: i) que o fundo de subsistência da classe trabalhadora aparece como capital variável; ii) que o capital variável é constantemente reproduzido e ampliado com mais-valia dos próprios assalariados; iii) que os elementos materiais do capital constante nada mais são do que mais-valia capitalizada; iv) que a produção material está condicionada pelas necessidades de reposição e ampliação dos componentes do processo imediato produção. E, finalmente, demostra-se a produção capitalista como produção simultânea da afirmação e da negação das relações de produção especificamente capitalistas.
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Kiger, Joshua A. "THE DIARY OF MARGARET GRAVES CARY:FAMILY & GENDER IN THE MERCHANT CLASS OF 18th CENTURY CHARLESTOWN." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406980949.
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Montoya, Manfredi Ulises. "De la Asociación en participación en la Ley de Sociedades Mercantiles." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108620.
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Ferrero, Diez Canseco Alfredo. "La función e importancia del objeto social en las sociedades mercantiles." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122459.
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