Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mer de Chine méridionale'
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Nguyen, Hong Thao. "Le Vietnam face aux problèmes de l'extension maritime dans la Mer de Chine méridionale." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010268.
Full textThe ratification on june 23, 1994 by Vietnam of the United Nations law of the sea of 1982 and its coming into effet since november 16, 1994 requires a new consideration of the vietnamese law of the sea in such way to be in complete conformity with the new international law of the sea standards. Our study deals with vietnam's position concerning legal problems in each of the following sea areas: internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, eez, continental shelf in reference to its adequate and inadequate points, such as the straight line of base layout, the refusal of innocent passage for the warships in territorial sea, historical claism. . Likewise, a thorough inquiry into different maritimes disputes between vietnam and her neighbouring countries regarding its maritime extension policy (in the Gulf of Tonkin, Gulf of Thailand, south China sea, Paracels and Spratlys islands) allows to shed a new light into vietnam's policy in coping with the southeast Asian sea disputes
Rodrigues, De Vargas Mateus. "Structure crustale et évolution tectonostratigraphique de la marge passive nord-est de la mer de Chine Méridionale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1332.
Full textSeismic, gravity, well-log, and outcrop data are integrated to investigate the crustal structure and the tectonosedimentary evolution of the Northeast South China Sea Margin (NE SCS) and the implications for the geodynamic evolution of marginal seas. Results of this thesis show the contrasted crustal structure of the NE SCS rifted margin including its proximal (Northern Rift System), necking (Tainan Basin), and distal domains (Southern Rift System - SRS and Southern High - SH). Of particular interest is the presence of the V-shape aborted SRS that is separated from the oceanic domain by the relatively thicker SH. Quantitative geophysical analyses suggest that the crust of the SH recorded polyphase magmatism during pre- to post-rift time. Investigations of the pre-rift paleogeographic framework suggest that the SRS formed partly along the former suture zone between Eurasia and the Luconia Block. Proximal to distal correlations enabled the discretization of the main following Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary stages that record syn-rift (Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene), post-rift (Early Oligocene to Late Miocene), and foreland evolution (Late Miocene to recent). A preliminary analysis of the onshore geology of Taiwan enabled the proposition of onshore-offshore correlations between some orogenic units and rifted domains of the NE SCS. These observations have been used, with proximal-distal correlations and seismic facies analysis, to infer depositional environments for the main sedimentary sequences of the NE SCS
Trinh, Bich Ngoc. "Cycles de l'eau, de la chaleur et du sel en mer de Chine méridionale, de la variation saisonnière à la variabilité interannuelle : modélisation océanique à haute résolution et à bilan fermé." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30290.
Full textThe South China Sea (SCS) ocean dynamics play an important role at the local scale for the regional climate system, but also in global ocean circulation and climate. Surface waters of the global thermohaline circulation indeed transit from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans across the SCS through several interocean straits (the South China Sea Throughflow, SCSTF), and are significantly modified during this transit. Ocean dynamics moreover influences the SCS marine life through its role in the transport and mixing of the pelagic planktonic ecosystems' components. The general objective of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the SCS ocean dynamics and of their interactions with the other compartments of the regional system, by focusing on the functioning and variability of the SCS water, heat and salt budgets with the perspective to study their impact on the pelagic planktonic ecosystems. For that, a high resolution (4 km) configuration of a regional physical-biogeochemical ocean model covering the SCS with rigorously closed budgets is developed and used to perform and analyze simulations over the recent period 2009 - 2018. We first show by comparison with available satellite data and in-situ observations the ability of our physical simulation to reproduce the surface water masses and circulation characteristics as well as thermohaline vertical distribution, at the climatological, seasonal and interannual scales. We then examine the climatological average and seasonal cycle of all components involved in the water volume, heat and salt budgets over the SCS: internal variations and lateral, atmospheric and river fluxes. Water and salt inputs to the SCS are mostly related to the lateral inflow of Pacific water through the Luzon strait. About 1/2 of those inputs is released through the Mindoro strait to the Sulu sea, 1/4 through the Taiwan strait to the East China Sea and 1/4 through the Karimata strait to the Java Sea. Heat gain mostly comes for the Luzon lateral input (~ 3/4) and from the atmosphere (~1/4), and is equivalently released through the Mindoro, Taiwan and Karimata straits. Over the studied period, the SCS stores respectively 0.3% and 2.5% of the total salt and heat inputs. The seasonal cycle of water and salt budgets is mainly driven by the net lateral water flux through interocean straits, whereas the seasonal cycle of heat budget is mainly governed by the atmospheric heat flux. On the interannual time scale, water, heat and salt fluxes at Luzon and Mindoro straits are highly correlated together and show the strongest variability of all straits' transports, and high correlations with ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation). The annual atmospheric water flux governs the interannual variability of SCS water budget: a variation of annual atmospheric freshwater input induces a mirror variation of lateral outflow so that the SCS volume hardly varies at the interannual scale. The SCS salt budget is regulated at the first order by the interannual variability of net lateral water flux, then by the salinity of the in/outflowing interocean waters. In particular, we show that the recent SCS saltening was mainly induced by the increase in the inflow of salty Pacific water which compensated a deficit of rainfall freshwater over the area. The heat budget interannual variability is driven first by the total lateral heat flux, itself driven by the variability of the temperature of the out/inflowing waters, then by the variability of the lateral water flux and surface heat flux. Water and salt budgets as well as the SCSTF are strongly affected by ENSO and PDO, whereas the heat budget is only affected by ENSO
Chen, Hsin-Chih. "Les îles Paracel et Spratly vues de la Chine nationaliste : revendications de souveraineté pendant les années 1930-1950 dans la mer de Chine méridionale." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010561.
Full textFavereau, Aude. "Interactions et modalités des échanges en Mer de Chine méridionale (500 avant notre ère-200 de notre ère) : approche technologique des assemblages céramiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0026.
Full textFrom 500 BC to AD 200, cultural exchanges in the South China Sea were emphasized by the expansion and intensification of long-distance interaction networks. Various archaeological objects, exchanged or imitated, provide evidence of multiple contacts. Interactions in relation to ceramics are attested through significant similarities, which allow comparisons between the different communities of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Vietnam, the Philippines, and southern China. Based on this observation, this thesis aims to explore the various forms of circulation and to define whether they involved the movement of people, craftsmen, and/or artefacts. For this, a technological approach based on the anthropology of techniques is used to reconstruct the chaîne opératoire and thus characterize "traditions," or "ways of doing". The identification of specific techniques is made possible through analysis of macro- and micro-traces, formed in the ceramic paste during the manufacturing process and trapped at the time of firing. Hence, it becomes possible to recognize social groups, to distinguish between producers and consumers, and to trace their technologies and styles. The analysis is conducted at local, regional, and interregional scales. The first part of the research work consisted of identifying the ceramic traditions in the Thai-Malay Peninsula through a detailed analysis of pottery assemblages from fifteen sites. Their comparison then highlighted the existence of macro-regional traditions: some are specific to the Peninsula, whereas others are exogenous. Finally, analyses were also conducted on twenty sites in Vietnam, the Philippines, and China. Comparison of the data reveals the possibility of assessing the technical and/or stylistic transfers between the different regions over time and space, aiding reconstruction of exchange routes that shaped the socio-political landscape of late prehistoric communities in the South China Sea
Wu, Qiong. "New insights into the current- and past hydrology of the north-western subtropical Pacific Ocean over the past 25 kyr, based on investigations of the Nd isotopic composition of seawater and deep-sea sediments from the northern South China Sea." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112169/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to reconstruct the evolution of the hydrology of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean by using εNd proxy analysed on foraminifera and dispersed authigenic ferromanganese oxide precipitates in sediments from deep-sea cores collected in the northern SCS. Before using the εNd proxy on deep sea sediments of the SCS, Nd of 16 seawater profiles collected in the northern South China Sea (SCS) and the Philippine Sea were investigated to establish the εNd distribution of water masses along the tropical western Pacific and the SCS that, until now have not been documented. εNd values for mid- and deep-water masses of the Philippine Sea and the SCS range from -2.7 to -4.4 and generally increase slightly with water depth. In the Philippine Sea, εNd values for the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) reach- 2.7±0.4 at mid-depths (500 to 1400 m). Below ~1800 m, the Pacific Deep Water (PDW) is characterized by less radiogenic Nd (-4.1±0.5) indicating the instrusion of southern sourced water masses. For most of the stations in the Northern SCS, water masses below 1500m (PDW) display homogenous εNd values (~ -4.1) similar to those of the PDW in the Philippine Sea. εNd values for the South China Sea Intermediate Water (SCSIW, 500-1500m) vary from -3.0 to -3.9 as a result of the vertical mixing of the NPIW with the PDW in the SCS. Seawater εNd values for the SCS (~5.3 to -7.0) display local modification in areas where the water lies above sediment drift deposit systems. This implies that “boundary exchange” with unradiogenic sediments (around~11) may occur temporally and spatially and does not modify he Nd isotopic composition of the PDW in the Northern SCS. In a second step, seawater εNd extracted from cleaned planktonic foraminifera G. ruber has been investigated on core MD05-2904, collected at a deph of 2000m on the north-western margin of the SCS. This study was undertaken in order to reconstruct hydrological variations since the LGM in the western subtropical North Pacific. The εNd records obtained from foraminifera spanning the past 25kyr. Display a wide range of values, ranging from -4±0.2 to -6.7±0.3, suggesting important changes in the contribution of the NPDW (εNd=-4) and the UCDW (εNd -6 to -8) in the subtropical western Pacific. During the period of deglaciation, εNd records indicate a relative decrease in the negative excursions of the εNd implying a higher proportion of SSW during the time intervals 17-15 cal kyr BP and 10-8 cal kyr BP; these intervals are coeval with the HS1 and early Holocene. The negative shifts centered on the HS1coincide with an enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean, associated with a polewards shift of the southern westerlies, inducing an enhanced formation of the SSW that propagates to the subtropical western Pacific. The negative excursion of the εNd during the Early Holocene (~10-8 cal kyr BP) indicates a higher relative proportion of SSW that could be associate with higher production of the SSW, as has been recently observed in the South Atlantic, and/or with a possible reduction of the NPIW. Our data suggest that the present modern circulation pattern in the western subtropical Pacific Ocean was fully established after 4.6 cal kyr BP
Chen, Quan. "Signatures détritiques des changements paléoenvironnementaux du Quaternaire récent dans le bassin nord de la mer de Chine du Sud." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS492/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to reconstruct late Quaternary environmental changes in the northern South China Sea by applying multi-disciplinary proxies of land-sea interaction, East Asian monsoon, and oceanic circulation. Investigations of clay and magnetic mineralogy, major element composition, and grain size were performed on marine sediment Core MD12-3432 retrieved from the continental slope of the northern South China Sea. The core covers the last 400 ka with a sedimentation rate varying between 4.5 and 24 cm/ka. We examined the accuracy of existing calibration methods on major element composition obtained by XRF core-scanning, because downcore variations in interstitial water content should strongly affect scanned element contents. We proposed a quadratic polynomial correction to account for this effect and implemented it in the calibration methods. Data from Core MD12-3432 show that the improved calibration process now correctly converts XRF core-scanning data into major element concentrations. Our results on high-resolution major element composition, clay and magnetic mineralogy, and grain size data indicate that low-latitude climate changes influence various terrigenous fractions in different ways. In bulk sediment, K₂O/Al₂O₃ ratio mainly reflects the relative contribution of detrital supply from Taiwan, and its variation exhibits eccentricity cycles. The ratio increases during interglacials, showing that strong precipitation and denudation are induced by enhanced East Asian summer monsoon. In clay fractions, smectite/(illite+chlorite) ratio presents both eccentricity and precession periodicities, in phase with the northern hemisphere summer insolation changes and therefore with the East Asian summer monsoon evolution. Based on the knowledge of sediment provenances, these results suggest that high smectite/(illite+chlorite) ratios illustrate contemporaneous chemical weathering intensity in Luzon. It supports the understanding that East Asian summer monsoon is enhanced during interglacial periods and when the boreal summer insolation is strong. Therefore, these two ratios are appropriate sedimentary tracers for East Asian summer monsoon evolution in the South China Sea. The magnetic fraction yields complementary information about environmental changes in the South China Sea. The magnetic mineral assemblage of Core MD12-3432 is mainly composed of magnetite, sulphide, and hematite, and the relative contributions of all these magnetic mineral contents change with time. Variations on precessional band related to the low latitude East Asian monsoon are observed in magnetic properties and grain size values. High magnetic inputs with high hematite proportion, which is part of fine-grain sediment, are observed during the precession minima. These events occurring during arid periods may illustrate enhanced eolian inputs caused by changes in intensity and/or winds pathway of winds, probably related to enhanced winter monsoon. Besides the low-latitude climate changes, global climate and tectonic activity also influence the terrigenous composition at the studied site at different timescales. A long-term increase in pyrrhotite content with respect to magnetite and hematite and in illite/chlorite contents indicates an increasing contribution of fine grained sediments from Taiwan. This is most likely related to the intensification of Taiwanese orogeny over the last 400 ka. On glacial-interglacial scale, coeval increases observed in sedimentation rate, magnetite/pyrrhotite content, kaolinite content, and grain size during glacial periods are attributed to sea-level changes. Low sea-level during glacial periods exposes the vast shelf and allows the Pearl River to deliver more and coarser terrigenous sediments to our site
Charleux, Isabelle. "Histoire et architecture des temples et monastères lamaïques de Mongolie méridionale." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040274.
Full textInner Mongolia (now a province of the PRC) had more than a thousand lamaist temples and monasteries at the beginning of the 20th century. This very valuable and little studied collection of buildings is a major heritage of the Mongol culture and the Buddhist art and deserves study on both accounts. Although derived from the Chinese and Tibetan architectural traditions, Mongolian religious architecture exhibits a great many original characteristics. The first part of the dissertation studies the historical process of the building of the monasteries, from the “mongol renaissance” of the mid-16th century, around Altan Qan and his capital Köke Qota, to this century. The second part describes the physical aspect of the monasteries, as they could be studied during fieldwork completed between 1993 and 1998, supplemented with various published material (Chinese local history and gazetteers, Japanese observations of the Manchukuo period and travelogues). The third part builds on the description and the history to give an analysis of the major characteristics of Mongolian religious architecture, and finally determines its major types as well as their historical significance. Field material (maps, photographs. . . ) are provided in the appendix
Reynaud, Jean-Yves. "Architecture et évolution d'un banc sableux de mer celtique méridionale." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10199.
Full textCourcot-Deram, Lucie. "Impact d'un rejet anthropique dans la zone méridionale de la Mer du Nord." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10118.
Full textGuerassimoff-Pina, Carine. "L'Etat chinois et les communautés chinoises d'outre-mer." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0011.
Full textDeng, Yun. "Environnements en Chine de l'Est au Quaternaire supérieur d'après l'enregistrement pollinique en Mer de Chine Orientale." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10084.
Full textNguyên-hông-Thao. "Le Vietnam et ses différends maritimes dans la mer de Bien Dong (Mer de Chine méridionale) /." Paris : Pédone, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/479525862.pdf.
Full textVicaire, Olivier. "Dynamique hydro-sédimentaire en Mer du Nord méridionale : du Cap Blanc-Nez à la frontière belge." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10168.
Full textGuerassimoff-Pina, Carine. "L'État chinois et les communautés chinoises d'outre-mer /." Paris ; Montréal : l'Harmattan, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366955689.
Full textSavva, Dimitri. "Variabilité de processus d'extension continentale en mer de Chine du sud." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066822.
Full textZhao, YunYun. "Kystes de dinoflagellés de sédiments profonds, pléistocènes de Mer de Chine du sud (Nanhai)." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10148.
Full textBriais, Anne. "Cinématique d'ouverture de la Mer de Chine du Sud : implications pour la tectonique tertiaire de l'Asie." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066564.
Full textZhao, Guoqing. "Etude de la protection du milieu marin : la position de la R.P.C : droit international et droit interne chinois." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070022.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the protection of marine environnment and the problems of national and international law it raises. The protection of marine environment is a new problem and one may often wonder whether the concern of the various countries for marine environment is not, in fact, the wish to widen their field of competence on sea areas to protect their resources and interests. The law of the protection of marine environment has developped gradually outside the law of the sea but it has also caused the law of the sea to evolve. This thesis is a study of the juridical problems and particularly the montego bay convention of 1982, which obliges the states to protect a large part of the environment inside as well as outside their juridiction. It therefore requires a change in juridical thinking. This thesis studies the evolution of the position of the popular republic of china toward the problems and shows it has evolved simultaneously with her position toward international law in general
NGUYEN, THI NGOC HAI. "Structure et cinematique de l'extremite de la mer de l'est (mer de chine meridionale) et des bassins du sud vietnam." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066486.
Full textKlein, Jean-François. "Soyeux en Mer de Chine : stratégies des réseaux lyonnais en Extrême-Orient (1843-1906)." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/klein_jf.
Full textThe Lyon silk merchants, the Soyeux, have always sought to supply their Fabrique with various types of raw silk, in order to create the rich fabrics that contributed to the prestige of their city. During the XIXth century, Lyon became the most important, world-wide producer of luxury silks, thus playing a primary role in the national. These traders, for centuries, had travelled the silk routes tot the Far East. This thesis is the history of the special ties that the Soyeux and their networks established with China and Indochina. The study starts in 1843, when France established diplomatic relations with imperial China and envisaged installing themselves in Indochina. It ends in 1906 just as regional interests dilute into the national economy and the silk industry no longer occupies a primordial place in the local industry. This study traces how, from the Monarchy of July to the Second Empire, a group of Liberals, influenced by the philosophy of Saint-Simon, had, in the context of their competition with the British, established their own silk route. A strategy that was taken up and adapted by their heirs: conservative Republicans, with political leanings towards the Centre Gauche. They associated themselves with the Moderate Republicans, the Ferryists and the Gambettists to push France to implant itself in the Tonkin and to use it as a springboard towards Yunnan and Sichuan. The Soyeux would develop a unique colonial doctrine and an active economic strategy. This breaks with the usual image of an overcautious French business community in the Asian markets and also with the idea that the Indochina conquest was the result of a series of rash decisions. During more than a half-century, in the China Sea, the Soyeux of Lyon would write one of the least known pages of economical and social history within the larger context of French diplomatic and colonial history
Klein, Jean-François Prudhomme Claude. "Soyeux en Mer de Chine stratégies des réseaux lyonnais en Extrême-Orient (1843-1906) /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/klein_jf.
Full textLin, Zhen. "La politique juridique de la République Populaire de Chine en matière de droit de la mer." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010354/document.
Full textAt the dawn of a new century, China plays an increasingly important internationally. It has become a challenge for the global balance in all areas, including maritime affairs. The present research is devoted to the chinese legal policy on maritime affairs to illumate the position of China in international and influences relations
Vagner, Pierre. "Séquences de dépôts du Quaternaire supérieur et variations climatiques en mer de Chine de l'Est." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-109.pdf.
Full textJacquelard, Clotilde. "De Séville à Manille : premiers regards espagnols sur les rivages de la Mer de Chine." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040281.
Full textThe aim of this work is to analyse the first Spanish look upon far-eastern Asia from the lookout post of the colonial Philippines, between 1520 and 1609. It examines the final stop of Spain's worldwide expansion, at the gates of Asia, after trying, first, to define Europe's preconceived image of Asian confines before 1492. Afterwards, it examines the Spanish look upon China and the Chinese through the coexistence with the Chinese community settled on the islands
Roques, Delphine. "Tectonique cenozoique de la marge centre vietnam : implications pour l'ouverture de la mer de chine meridionale." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066684.
Full textZhu, Ze-Ying. "Étude minéralogique des granites de métaux rares en Chine méridionale : étude de cas du granit de Songshugang et de Huangshan, province de Jiangxi." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0141.
Full textRare metals, including niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W) and tin (Sn), are defined as “strategic resources” or “critical materials”. For this work, we studied the Huangshan Nb deposit and Songshugang Ta deposit, in the Lingshan complex, Jiangxi Province, South China, as examples. The rocks from Huangshan granite are classified in two categories based on the occurrence of Nb-rich mica and the amount of columbite-tantalites minerals: medium-grained granites with Nb-rich mica and devoided of columbite-tantalites and fine-grained granites and pegmatites rich in columbite-tantalite minerals. Columbite-tantalite minerals are classified as columbite-(Fe), and characterized by complex zonings with various “go and back” processes, indicating that their formation is linked to multi-mixing processes of two different magma sources. The medium-grained granites in the Huangshan suite differed from the other granites of the Lingshan complex by their mica compositions: lithian annite (MA granite) and “protolithionite” (MP granite). They are characterized by elevated Nb contents (average 144 ppm in MP and 158 ppm in MA) and very high Nb/Ta ratios (average 15.3 in MP and 31.2 in MA). Niobium is mainly hosted in the micas, with an average Nb content of 1,347 ppm in the lithian annite, and 884 ppm in the “protolithionite”. Such contents are the highest ever reported in magmatic-related micas. With an estimated content of ~80 kt Nb, the Huangshan granites represent a new style of potential Nb resource. The Songshugang albite granite is found in the west of Lingshan complex and is specifically enriched in Ta. The major Songshugang albite granite is buried and covered by layers of K-feldspar granite, greisen and pegmatite. All the granites are strongly peraluminous. The compositions of columbite-tantalite minerals, the zircons and cassiterites are constant and display a similar two-stage texture. Petrographic features indicate that the early-stage columbite and zircon were formed in magmatic environment, whereas the later-stage of rare-element minerals were influenced by fluid fluxes at the magmatic-hydrothermal transitional stage. Micas also show a two-stage texture. The Rb-enrichment in the margin of the zinnwaldite is the result of magmatic fractionation, as also demonstrated by the decrease of Nb contents (16.3-108 ppm compare with core of 109-313 ppm). The invariable low contents of Ta, W and Sn demonstrate that the residual melt has no influence on later post-magmatic stages, contrary to the columbite minerals. Finally, in-situ U-Pb dating of zircon and columbite-tantalite by SIMS and LA-ICP-MS indicates that both Huangshan and Songshugang granites were emplaced at ca. 130 Ma during Later Yanshanian (or Cretaceous) and contemporary with the formation of the Lingshan complex. This result indicates that the Later Yanshanian is a prospective geological period for Nb-Ta deposits, and this result enlarges the time frame of rare-metal mineralization
Zhu, Ze-Ying. "Étude minéralogique des granites de métaux rares en Chine méridionale : étude de cas du granit de Songshugang et de Huangshan, province de Jiangxi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0141.
Full textRare metals, including niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W) and tin (Sn), are defined as “strategic resources” or “critical materials”. For this work, we studied the Huangshan Nb deposit and Songshugang Ta deposit, in the Lingshan complex, Jiangxi Province, South China, as examples. The rocks from Huangshan granite are classified in two categories based on the occurrence of Nb-rich mica and the amount of columbite-tantalites minerals: medium-grained granites with Nb-rich mica and devoided of columbite-tantalites and fine-grained granites and pegmatites rich in columbite-tantalite minerals. Columbite-tantalite minerals are classified as columbite-(Fe), and characterized by complex zonings with various “go and back” processes, indicating that their formation is linked to multi-mixing processes of two different magma sources. The medium-grained granites in the Huangshan suite differed from the other granites of the Lingshan complex by their mica compositions: lithian annite (MA granite) and “protolithionite” (MP granite). They are characterized by elevated Nb contents (average 144 ppm in MP and 158 ppm in MA) and very high Nb/Ta ratios (average 15.3 in MP and 31.2 in MA). Niobium is mainly hosted in the micas, with an average Nb content of 1,347 ppm in the lithian annite, and 884 ppm in the “protolithionite”. Such contents are the highest ever reported in magmatic-related micas. With an estimated content of ~80 kt Nb, the Huangshan granites represent a new style of potential Nb resource. The Songshugang albite granite is found in the west of Lingshan complex and is specifically enriched in Ta. The major Songshugang albite granite is buried and covered by layers of K-feldspar granite, greisen and pegmatite. All the granites are strongly peraluminous. The compositions of columbite-tantalite minerals, the zircons and cassiterites are constant and display a similar two-stage texture. Petrographic features indicate that the early-stage columbite and zircon were formed in magmatic environment, whereas the later-stage of rare-element minerals were influenced by fluid fluxes at the magmatic-hydrothermal transitional stage. Micas also show a two-stage texture. The Rb-enrichment in the margin of the zinnwaldite is the result of magmatic fractionation, as also demonstrated by the decrease of Nb contents (16.3-108 ppm compare with core of 109-313 ppm). The invariable low contents of Ta, W and Sn demonstrate that the residual melt has no influence on later post-magmatic stages, contrary to the columbite minerals. Finally, in-situ U-Pb dating of zircon and columbite-tantalite by SIMS and LA-ICP-MS indicates that both Huangshan and Songshugang granites were emplaced at ca. 130 Ma during Later Yanshanian (or Cretaceous) and contemporary with the formation of the Lingshan complex. This result indicates that the Later Yanshanian is a prospective geological period for Nb-Ta deposits, and this result enlarges the time frame of rare-metal mineralization
Lacroze, Luc. "Le Mékong du Yunnan à la mer de Chine : contribution à l'étude de l'aménagement d'un fleuve tropical." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040004.
Full textThe thesis intends to study the development of rivers that, since the middle of the 19th century, have been the subject of studies, projects, or implementations in the part of the Mekong basin located between the southern frontier of Yunnan and the China sea. The climate of the region is governed by monsoons, which means each year an alternation of drought and flooding, sometimes devastating. Besides, the Mekong and its tributaries, with their numerous waterfalls and rapids, are not good communication routes. Until the middle of the 20th century especially South Vietnam benefited from helps for rice-growing thanks to the creation and maintenance of a thick network of waterways. These implementations have enabled irrigation, drainage, washing of lands containing alum, fight against saline water intrusion. However the Mekong is still a poor communication route, for channel-marking and rockblasting works have only been carried out on some reaches. Since the middle of the 20th century the riparian countries have tried, after having created a "Mekong committee" under the aegis of the UNO, to expand their economy, essentially by the development of rivers. Their projects (implementations of big hydroelectric dams, reservoirs to drown rapids and falls) have only been followed by very modest implementations. Insecurity is partly responsible for that, but also the very ambition
Mogé, Michel. "Évolutions diagénétiques et caractéristiques pétrophysiques de formations gréseuses à porosité secondaire : D'après l'étude de sondages pétroliers dans le Jurassique et le Miocène de la mer du Nord, du Golfe de Suez et de la mer de Chine." Nancy 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN10437.
Full textChen, Junfei. "Enregistrement sédimentaire de l'altération continentale sur les marges du SE Asiatique : exemples dans la mer de Chine du Sud." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0143_CHEN.pdf.
Full textThe Sunda Shelf, as part of southern South China Sea (SCS), is in a low-latitude tropical region, with stable tectonics since the Quaternary. During glacial lowstand, the Sunda Shelf was exposed and connected to surrounding land, forming the Sunda Continent, which is the most important geographical change in the low-latitude regions during the Quaternary. How did the exposure of the shelf during glacial-interglacial cycles alter the sediment "source-sink" processes in the southern SCS? Did the increased land available for weathering reactions due to shelf exposure affect atmospheric CO₂ concentrations? Research on these questions remains limited. This study focuses on the Sunda Shelf of southern SCS and surrounding lands. It examined samples both from the land and marine with geochemical methods. analyzed the evolution of sediment sources in the southern SCS since the last deglaciation and the changes in the "source-sink" role of the Sunda Shelf during of high and low sea levels periods. Explored the relative changes in silicate weathering intensity between glacial and interglacial periods in the southern SCS. It also calculated the atmospheric CO₂ consumption rate by silicate weathering since the last deglaciation and identified the factors controlling this rate. The main findings and conclusions are as follows:(1) Large rivers dominate the present-day marine sediment sources on the southern Sunda shelf of the southern SCS. The Sr-Nd isotopic composition of sediments from the Sunda Shelf and southern SCS closely resembles that of sediments from northern large rivers, indicating that present-day marine sediments are mainly controlled by large rivers with high sediment flux. (2) Sea level changes controlled the shifts in sediment source-to-sink processes in the southern SCS since late LGM. During the glaciation, low sea levels exposed the shelf, with large paleo-river systems. Sediments were directly transported to the slope through these paleo-channels. As sea levels rose, the shelf was gradually submerged, reducing material from southern small island rivers while increasing input from major rivers in the northern shelf. During the Holocene highstand, the Mekong River became the primary sediment source for the Sunda Shelf. It is indicated that sea level changes dictated shifts in source areas and sedimentary centers, while climate, ocean currents, and sediment flux jointly influenced sediment provenance in the southern SCS. (3)The (²³⁴U/²³⁸U) ratio revealed the ongoing active erosion of equatorial tropical islands during glacial periods. It was found that tropical islands near the equator experienced slightly weaker precipitation compared to the Holocene. Materials that had undergone early erosion or had been retained for extended periods were shallowly eroded and remobilized to the slope via paleo-rivers. This indicated that the tropical islands in the southern SCS remained actively eroded during glacial periods.(4)Shelf exposure during glacial periods compensated for the reduced CO₂ consumption rates by silicate weathering due to decreased precipitation, thereby maintaining the overall balance of CO₂ consumption flux since the LGM. Calculations of major elements in core sediments indicated that atmospheric CO₂ consumption flux in the southern SCS has remained nearly constant since the LGM, although silicate weathering rates during glacial periods were only half of those in the Holocene. The increased area available for weathering reactions during glacial periods compensated for the reduced silicate chemical weathering rates, thus controlling the long-term balance of atmospheric CO₂ consumption flux. It was revealed that changes in precipitation are the primary factor controlling variations in silicate weathering and CO₂ consumption rates, while the roles of temperature and lithology require further evidence
Filliozat, Manonmani. "L'océan Oriental : connaissances hydrographiques françaises aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles /." [S.l. : s.n], 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40727820m.
Full textBibliogr., t. 2, f. 343-375. Index, t. 2. Communication restreinte, soumise à l'autorisation du directeur du Département des cartes et plans.
Trentesaux, Alain Potdevin Jean-Luc. "Enregistrement de processus sédimentaires pléistocènes exemples de plates-formes détritiques et de bassins profonds Mer du Nord et mers de Chine /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/194.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 478. Textes en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 45-51. Liste des publications et communications.
Copeaux, Étienne. ""De l'Adriatique à la mer de Chine" : les représentations turques du monde turc à travers les manuels scolaires d'histoire, 1931-1993." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A007.
Full textThe analysis of the discourse of the turkish history texbooks (1931-1993) helps to clarify the conception of the world as diffused by the cultural power. Kemaist historiography makes use of history for the building of the nation and imposes in 19311932 an ethnic and asiatic conception of the turkist past, which has never been rejected. But since 1970 this heritage has been integrated in the "turkist-islamic synthesis", a nationalist trend based on the notion that the turkish nation has flourished within the realm of islam, which it has saved and consolidated. In recent textbooks, the vigourous espression of kemalism has concealed the discreet triumph of the views of the "synthesis". The analsysis of the primary evens to which the present republic claims it is still linked brings to light the idealized representations of pre-muslim and muslim turkic asia. However, the strongest cartographic representations concern the balakn-anatolian world -which reveals an ottoman nostalgia at least as strong as the nostalgia of the asiatic origins. The resulting discourse on identity is based on a three-fold past : a) the asiatic past with the turkic ethnic group ; b) the past of the soil with Anatolia ; c) a past of adoption with arabs and islam. The last part is devoted to an analysis of the image of arabs, greeks and armenians, that is, the main alien groups which turks have been confronted with. In the course of the study, which includes
Zegouagh, Yahya. "Etude de la matiere organique dans les sediments recents de differents environnements marins (mer de laptev, mer de chine est, upwelling nord-ouest africain) : sources, processus de formation de la fraction refractaire." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066371.
Full textTrentesaux, Alain. "Enregistrement de processus sédimentaires pléistocènesExemples de plates-formes détritiques et de bassins profondsMer du Nord et mers de Chine." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140889.
Full textL'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est, par une approche sédimentologique, de reconstituer les conditions environnementales, tant sur les continents que sur les plates-formes, ayant conduit aux dépôts étudiés. Sur cette base, nous avons entrepris des études sur des dépôts du Pléistocène en mer du Nord ainsi que dans les mers de Chine de l'Est et du Sud. Cette époque, par sa proximité, permet des études à très haute résolution temporelle tandis qu'elle est caractérisée par des oscillations climatiques et eustatiques importantes et rapides. De plus, les dépôts les plus récents portent la trace de l'Homme.
Sur la plate-forme, l'étude des grands corps sableux, bancs et très grandes dunes, a permis de préciser les mécanismes de leur mise en place. A court terme, même dans les environnements dominés par la marée, l'importance de phénomènes sporadiques tels que les houles de tempêtes, a été démontrée. Ils impriment aux formes et à la structure des fonds marins leur marque tandis que les agents tidaux sont les pourvoyeurs du matériel sédimentaire. A plus long terme, ce ne sont plus les agents dynamiques qui conditionnent la préservation des corps sédimentaires mais la création d'espace disponible et l'importance des apports sédimentaires. Au niveau de l'estuaire de l'Authie, des séries de carottages nous ont aidé à mesurer les conséquences du mouvement vers le nord des divers ensembles sédimentaires sur le type de sédiment rencontré ainsi que sur les modifications d'un espace naturel convoité par l'Homme.
Dans les bassins profonds, en mer de Chine du Sud, nos études ont permis de préciser les sources du matériel sédimentaire et son transport en faisant la part des contributions éolienne, fluviatile et marine. L'étude des caractères sédimentologiques de la fraction détritique a permis également d'étudier la balance ntre l'érosion et l'altération sur les zones émergées ainsi que de voir quelle est la réponse des marqueurs détritiques aux changements climatiques globaux depuis 2 millions d'années.
Luaces, Max. "Production et diffusion des amphores tardo-puniques en Méditerranée occidentale : l’apport des contextes de la Gaule méridionale." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2113/document.
Full textAlthough they were isolated for several decades, some forms of "Punic" amphorae remain difficult to handle, mostly because of their manufacturing during the Roman period. Several recent discoveries allowed to identify the production of some of these containers within the space of the Strait of Gibraltar, in the continuation of the second Punic War (218-202 BC). Given the importance and consistency of their documentation, the Spanish archaeology gathered these ancient packages in the group of the "Late-Punic amphorae". For the moment, five types compose this group. They share several characteristics, between their chronologies and their morphological features mixing Phoenician, Punic and Roman traditions. The joint consideration of these types has recently been, confirmed, the study of the Late-Punic amphorae becoming a new area of research. Nevertheless, many questions persisted in spite of huge progress. On one hand, the real extension of the production of these containers, as well as the modalities of their manufacturing within the area of the Strait, could not be defined. On the other hand, the conditions and the range of their commercial diffusion out of the Iberian Peninsula was still uncertain.Our research intends to deal with these questions thanks to a wide corpus of archaeological and historical data. The first stage of our study concerned the consolidation of the documentation from the manufacturing contexts associated with the Late-Punic containers. Then, a study of several underwater deposits, most of them largely unpublished, is realized in order to observe their maritime traffic. Their place in the trade patterns of the Late Republican era is criticized by examining their presence in several consumption sites. The analysis of all these data led to reevaluate the commercial success of these Late-Punic containers, whereas their diffusion was clearly connected with the integration of the local elites from the Strait of Gibraltar in the Roman society
Guerassimoff, Éric. "Les racines de l'oeuvre éducative de Chen Jiageng : les Chinois d'outre-mer et le développement de l'enseignement en Chine au début du 20e siècle." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1927PA081232.
Full textIn the history of chinese in southeast asia, chen jiageng (1874-1961), commonly known as tan kah kee, was a giant of man. Pioneering entrepreneur and community leader in singapore, he was also a unique promoter of education in china during the early 20th century. This being so, chen jiageng deserves more though and scholarly studies by historian in both singapore and china. However, it is a pity that these studies have thrown insufficient light on such crucial issues as to why a singapore multi-millionaire like chen was capable of losting his entire personal fortune for education promotion in china. The main theme of this thesis is essentially to highlight roots of chen ferocious passion for educational promotion, roots had been research in both china and singapore
Mizrokhi, Elena. "REDEFINING SUPERPOWER RELATIONS IN THE CASPIAN: THE SAME OLD GAME. A critical analysis of competition and cooperation as well as Russia's perception of threat posed by China and the US." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27941/27941.pdf.
Full textBresc-Litzler, Sophie. "Les algues : cultures, territoires et enjeux en France, aux Etats-Unis et en Chine : géographie d'une ressource à cultiver en mer et à terre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010559/document.
Full textOur work is an original research that brings a new study example to the geography of sea and coastlines. We propose to describe and analyze the spatial and economic dynamics of a singular type of aquaculture: seaweed farming. Seaweed farming is a significant research area in coastal geography as well as in the geography of food and energy. We sought to identify the different scales of territories organized for the production of both macro- and microalgae. To conduct this research, we chose three study countries : China, the largest producer of macroalgae, France, where traditional production is being adapted to a new commercial and industrial demand, and finally the United States, where most innovations in the field of microalgae are made. This thesis has a cross- and forward-looking approach and is based on different research methods: field surveys on production sites, interviews with stakeholders, researchers, and distributors, bibliographic research at the intersection of the biological and social sciences. The study of crops, territories and issues of seaweed farming progresses along a three-step analysis: first, the presentation of algae farming (macro and microalgae) in its global and regional production with the production methods, second the analysis of the algae value chains, showing the development of local equipment and installations, and the investment of authorities in the territories of reference. Finally, we explore algae as a resource involved in energy, environmental and food issues of the twenty-first century
Qiu, Yunjia. "Biogeochimie de la matiere organique dans l'estuaire du changjiang et la mer de chine de l'est : sources et comportement des hydrocarbures et des acides gras." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066295.
Full textDarras, Marc. "Dilution à la surface de la mer de rejets flottants." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10005.
Full textBigot, Marianne. "Biogeochimie de la matiere organique dans l'estuaire du huang he et en mer de bohai." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066083.
Full textBoulay, Sébastien. "Enregistrements sédimentaires des variations de la mousson sud-est asiatique au cours des deux derniers millions d'années : approche sédimentologique, minéralogique et géochimique de sédiments profonds de mer de Chine du sud." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112294.
Full textThe aim of this work was the study of the impact of the South-East Asian monsoon on the South China Sea (SCS) sedimentary record along the last 2 Ma. The terrigenous fraction of 3 ODP Sites (Leg 184 - Sites 1144, 1145 and 1146) located in the northern part of the SCS, was investigated in terms of sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemistry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) associated with isotopic geochemistry (Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd) allows us to identify the sources of the sediment. The fine fraction (<2[mu]m) comes mainly from the Pearl River with, however, some important inputs (3 to 15% of the <2[mu]m fraction) of smectite from the Luzon volcanic arc when the summer monsoon strengthens (23ka cycles). The grain-size analyses allows us to characterize the sedimentary dynamic by identifying 3 granulometric populations, varying separately along the record et showing grain-size increases during the glacial stages. These variations are attributed to the shelf reworking during the sea level variations. These results are in contradictions with the previous hypothesis, which linked the grain-size increases to eolian inputs associated with enhanced winter monsoon winds. During the last 2 Ma, the summer monsoon intensity shows 3 major periods of variations : 2-1,2 Ma : low amplitude oscillations linked with the high latitude insolation (41ka). 1,2-0,9 Ma : intensification associated with the decrease of the global oceanic circulation strength and the closing of the indonesian thresholds. 0,9-0 Ma : gradual decrease linked with the global cooling of the climate
Bachelet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Bateaux-pigeons, quartier japonais et cartes nautiques : réseaux marchands et relations interculturelles entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN070.
Full textThis dissertation aims to analyse one of the major connections in the early modern China seas, the relations between Japan, Đại Việt and Champa. From the mid-16th century onwards, as they were unable to access the Chinese market, Japanese traders increasingly invested in trade with Southeast Asia. They could exchange silver and cooper against silk and tropical products. Đại Việt offered decisive advantages for the Japanese. Merchants coming for China went there to trade and it is the only country to produce silk on its own. Furthermore, the authorities in both countries shared a same vision of diplomacy and their instruction was based on the same classics. As for the Champa, it was of particular importance for the Japanese authorities as a supplier of precious woods. These relations underwent a thorough reorganisation in the 1630’s, when the shogunate prohibited the Japanese from leaving the country, but this connection remained strong. Besides, these contacts with the outside world enabled a specifically Japanese cartography to emerge. Although they are based on European or Chinese models, these maps succeeded in reinventing and going beyond these models.The proximity between Japan and Đại Việt made them privileged partners and lead to the settlement of Japanese communities in Viêt ports. These Japanese residents played a crucial role in these societies, as go-betweens between the European and Viêt authorities. The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate how this common understanding emerged, and to analyse the networks that shaped it, notably through computer modelling
Sapin, François. "Impact du couple érosion/sédimentation sur la structuration d'un prisme d'accrétion : L'exemple du prisme NO Bornéo : approche géologique, sismique et thermique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066695.
Full textZhai, Yun. "La Compagnie française de tramways et d’éclairage électriques de Shanghai. De la construction à l’exploitation : performances, stratégies et structures (1901-1961)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL043.
Full textAs the largest French public utilities operator in the first half of the twentieth century in China, the Compagnie française de tramways et d'éclairage électriques de Shanghai (abbreviated to CFTE) is a representative case of successfully applying the concession model abroad. The Franco-Belgian capital agreement enabled the company to monopolize the parallel services of electricity, water, and public transport (tramway, trolleybus and bus) in the Shanghai French Concession. However, the financial and technical operations of CFTE have been no less challenged by a series of local and global events. This thesis aims to study the firm's performances throughout its operation. Firstly, CFTE's success is attributable to the support and protection of the French Concession's public authorities. Secondly, the pricing and adaptation strategies employed by the company are key to its good performances. Thirdly, CFTE has taken a policy that is both cooperative and competitive with its Chinese and Anglo-Saxon counterparts based outside its zone of influence. Compared with its "bold" Anglo-Saxon competitor, CFTE has not escaped a trend toward mericanization which is particularly reflected in the evolution of its structural organization
Yang, Yi. "Contribution à l'évaluation économique des marées vertes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0122/document.
Full textDue to seasonal blooms of green macro-algae belonging to the ulvaceae family, green tides are part of the larger class of harmful algal blooms (HAB), which has developed worldwide at a high rate during the last three decades, favoured by the eutrophisation of coastal waters due to human activities. The massive accumulation of seaweeds on the shore resulting from green tides generates a variety of damages to market and non-market activities, and is a potential threat to human health. In the same time, green algae are a natural resource that may be turned into a variety of valuable products through industrial processing. R&D programs devoted to this subject have been launched in countries subject to green tides, such as China and France.The subject of this dissertation is the economic assessment of green tides, in a cost-benefit perspective. To this end, it studies the costs of green tides for private agents and public bodies, as well as the benefits due to the processing of algae.The dissertation relies on two case studies, one in China (Yellow Sea), and the other in France (Brittany). Chapter 1 and chapter 2 are dedicated to the case of the green tides that have developed each spring in the Yellow Sea and reached the southern shore of the Shandong province during the last decade. Chapter 1 investigates the bio-economic mechanisms of these episodes, their economic consequences, public management policies, and stakeholders’ perceptions. Chapter 2 tries to quantify the social cost of green tides, including management costs (minus benefits generated by green algae processing) and residual costs to market and non-market activities. Chapter 3 relies on the Brittany case, and focuses on the economic consequences of green algae industrial processing. Making use of a regionalized input-output table, it estimates, at various geographical scales, the economic impact of a program concerning the industrial processing of algae that are collected during the green tides on the Brittany shoreline
Larvet, Tiphaine. "Subduction dynamics of ridge-free oceanic plate : Implication for the Tethys domain lato sensu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS322.pdf.
Full textPlate tectonics relates the movement of rigid plates at the Earth's surface to mantle convection. Although upwelling flows such as mantle plumes can interact with plates by mechanically eroding their bases and increasing their gravitational potential, they do not provide sufficient forces to break up a continental plate in the absence of far field extensional forces or other weakening mechanisms such as the injection of magma dykes. Mantle convection can also exert viscous friction at the base of tectonic plates, which can drive, or resist, plate motion. Nevertheless, the Lithosphere Asthenosphere Boundary is among the mechanically weakest regions of the mantle, therefore, the main link between plate motion and mantle convection in terms of driving force is the subduction of oceanic lithosphere slab. These subducting slabs indeed drive both plate motion at the surface and mantle convection and are strong enough to transmit forces from the deep earth to the surface. This thesis therefore studies the relationship between subduction dynamics and continental breakup. While it has long been recognized that subduction can lead to continental breakup in the upper plate through weakening by fluid percolation and small-scale convection, very few studies focus on the dynamics of continental breakup in the lower plate in response to slab pull force. This mechanism has been proposed for the breakup of Gondwana during the Permian and for the opening of the South China Sea in the Oligocene. In both cases, continental breakup of the lower plate must occur after the mid-ocean ridge has ceased activity or when subduction becomes normal to the ridge, otherwise oceanic plate subduction would be accommodated by accretion at the mid-oceanic ridge. I set up a series of 2D numerical simulations of subducting ridge-free plates to study by means of a parametric approach when and where the continental plate breaks up as a function of the relative motion of the plates. Given the importance of the volume forces produced by the sinking slab, special care was taken to take into account the effect of mineralogical changes on density in the simulations. The simulations present four modes of continental breakup: upper plate, lower plate, both plates, or absent. Focusing on lower plate continental lithosphere breakup, the parametric study shows that the sharp increase in density of the sinking slab related to the 410 km phase transition, in addition to the gravitational potential energy of the continental lithosphere, can cause continental rifting in the lower subducting plate. However, simulations also show that this mechanism requires the lower plate to move at the same speed as the underlying mantle (i.e. no significant horizontal basal shear on the continent). The slab-drag model appears to be a viable mechanism for continental breakup of the lower plate and the conditions limiting this process in terms of timing and relative motion make its potential geological record an important constraint on the dynamics of the system. Furthermore, the simulations also demonstrate that there is a significant time lag between ridge subduction and continental breakup (i.e. the time required for the plunging panel to reach the 410 km discontinuity). These last two points provide new constraints on paleogeographic reconstructions of Permian Cimmerian blocks motion. Based on the results of this first set of simulations and the extensive literature documenting the opening of the South China Sea, I conducted a second study adapted to the regional geodynamic context. This allows me to propose a new conceptual model that combines ridge inversion, continental breakup related to slab pull and subduction reversal to reconcile the geological and geophysical data of this region. The end of this manuscript discusses the limitations of my results and provides suggestions for remediation
Nguyen, Dac Da. "Variabilité interannuelle de l'upwelling du sud Vietnam : contributions du forçage atmosphérique, océanique, hydrologique et de la variabilité intrinsèque océanique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30081/document.
Full textThe summer South Vietnam Upwelling (SVU) is a major component of the South China Sea circulation that also influences the ecosystems. The objectives of this thesis are first to quantitatively assess the interannual variability of the SVU in terms of intensity and spatial extent, second to quantify the respective contributions from different factors (atmospheric, river and oceanic forcings; ocean intrinsic variability OIV; El-Niño Southern Oscillation ENSO) to the SVU interannual variability, and third to identify and examine the underlying physical mechanisms. To fulfill these goals we use a set of sensitivity eddy-resolving simulations of the SCS circulation performed with the ROMS_AGRIF ocean regional model at 1/12° resolution for the period 1991-2004. The ability of the model to realistically represent the water masses and dynamics of the circulation in the SCS and SVU regions was first evaluated by comparison with available satellite and in-situ observations. We then defined a group of sea-surface-temperature upwelling indices to quantify in detail the interannual variability of the SVU in terms of intensity, spatial distribution and duration. Our results reveal that strong SVU years are offshore-dominant with upwelling centers located in the area within 11-12oN and 110-112oE, whereas weak SVU years are coastal-dominant with upwelling centers located near the coast and over a larger latitude range (10-14oN). The first factor that triggers the strength and extent of the SVU is the summer wind curl associated with the summer monsoon. However, its effect is modulated by several factors including first the OIV, whose contribution reaches 50% of the total SVU variability, but also the river discharge and the remote ocean circulation. The coastal upwelling variability is strongly related to the variability of the eastward jet that develops from the coast. The offshore upwelling variability is impacted by the spatio-temporal interactions of the ocean cyclonic eddies with the wind stress curl, which are responsible for the impact of the OIV. The ocean and river forcing also modulate the SVU variability due to their contribution to the eddy field variability. ENSO has a strong influence on the SVU, mainly due to its direct influence on the summer wind. Those results regarding the interannual variability of the SVU are robust to the choice of the surface bias correction method used in the model. We finally present in Appendix-A2 preliminary results about the impacts of tides