Journal articles on the topic 'Mentougou Qu (Beijing, China)'

A new species, Alexeterbeijingensis Sheng, sp. nov., and two new records for China, A.angularis (Uchida, 1952) and A.shakojiensis Uchida, 1930, collected in Mentougou, Beijing, belonging to the tribe Mesoleiini of the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), are reported. A key to the six species of Alexeter known from China is given.

Two new species of the genus Strongylopsis Brauns, 1896, are described and illustrated, S. propodealis Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. and S. punctata Sheng & Sun, sp. nov., both collected from Mentougou, Beijing, China. An identification key to all known species of Strongylopsis is provided.

Three new species of Megastylus Schiødte, 1838 (Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae), M. (Dicolus) mentouense Sheng & Li, sp. nov. collected from Mentougou, Beijing, M. (D.) flavicornis Sheng & Li, sp. nov. from Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Hubei and M. (Megastylus) yindianense Sheng & Li, sp. nov. from Minquan, Henan, are described and illustrated. A taxonomic key to the species of Megastylus known from China and the Oriental Region is provided.

In the context of those countries around the world that are actively promoting sustainable development of the environment, China has formulated a new “double carbon” strategic goal to assume corresponding responsibilities. Vegetation carbon sequestration plays a key role in enhancing the carbon sink capacity toward reaching the carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In order to quantitatively study vegetation carbon sequestration, in this article, we used the net primary productivity (NPP) as an indicator to measure it. In this research, the Datai Coal Mine in western Beijing was used as the study area, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and the influencing factors of carbon sequestration through vegetation were analyzed. Based on the meteorological data, remote sensing images, and the land use data of the mining area, the improved Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) was used to calculate the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the Datai mining area from 2013 to 2021, to analyze its temporal and spatial distribution in relation to meteorological factors. The results showed that in the past 9 years, the NPP in the Datai mining area generally increased from 546 gC/m2 to 601 gC/m2. The NPP in the Mentougou District generally decreased and had a significant relationship with precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation. The Mentougou District’s NPP change had a significant positive correlation with the precipitation change (R2 = 0.8). The Mentougou District’s NPP change had no significant relationship with temperature (R2 = 0.98) and solar radiation fluctuations (R2 = 0.75). In conclusion, the vegetation NPP in the Datai Mine regularly changed throughout the year, and its annual vegetation NPP was about twice that of the Mentougou District, which probably due to the low-intensity mining of the Datai Mine. Thus, there is no significant impact on the vegetation carbon in this area.

In regional land-use planning, many different demands for often-limited land resources must be weighed against each other. Analysis of the benefits of different land-use types is of great significance in land-use design. However, a good evaluation methodology does not exist. To facilitate a comparative analysis of land-use benefits, this paper presents an evaluation system consisting of four steps: (1) Connotation dissection to determine the land-use benefits, (2) construction of a land-use benefit classification system to summarize a limited number of land-use benefit types by an inductive method, (3) land-use benefit valuation, which includes a biophysical model, direct and indirect market valuations, and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity value conversion method, and (4) case analysis of the evaluation results according to local conditions. Empirical results from a case study of Mentougou District, Beijing, China, show that (i) the evaluation results of land-use benefit groups provides information on each land-use type and the spatial distribution of land-use benefits in Mentougou District, (ii) the topography of Mentougou District has an important influence on economic and ecological land-use benefits, and (iii) there is a synergistic effect of economic and social land-use benefits.

Abstract This paper investigates the poetry of Qu Xuanying, a literatus who remained in the city of Beiping (now Beijing) following its occupation by the Japanese in 1937. Through historical allusions in his poetry, Qu communicated with friends about the ethical dilemmas that he faced under occupation, and reflected upon the choices that literati in earlier eras had made when facing dynastic transitions and foreign conquest. Qu’s ‘esoteric writing’ during the occupation contained a complex set of historical allusions which referenced various points in the Chinese past. Since Qu served in the collaborationist north China regime, he has often been perceived as a ‘traitor’ or a ‘collaborator’. Through this in-depth analysis of his literary works, however, this paper seeks to reveal the special exegetical strategies adopted by literati such as Qu under occupation.

Primary health care has been emphasized as a pillar of China’s current round of health reforms throughout the previous decade. The purpose of this study is to analyze the accessibility of primary health care services in Beijing and to identify locations with a relative scarcity of health personnel. Seven ecological conservation districts, which are relatively underdeveloped, were selected in the study. The Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve, as well as the shortest trip time and modified two-step floating catchment area (M2SFCA) approach, are used to quantify inequalities in primary health care resources and spatial accessibility. The Gini coefficient of primary medical services was calculated as high as 0.705, showing a significant disparity in primary care services. A total of 81.22% of communities reached the nearest primary care institution within 15 min. The average accessibility of primary healthcare services, as measured by the number of health professionals per 1000 population, was 2.34 in the 1715 communities of seven ecological conservation districts. Three hundred and ninety-one communities (22.80%) were identified with relatively low accessibility. More primary health professionals should be allocated to Miyun, Mentougou, and Changping Districts. Overall, the primary healthcare resources were distributed unevenly in most districts. According to our study, expanding primary healthcare institutions, increasing the number of competent health professionals, and enhancing road networks will all be effective ways to increase spatial accessibility and reduce primary healthcare service disparity in Beijing.

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the groundwater quality features of the Yongding River in Beijing, China, and its relationship with urban development and ecological restoration projects. The Yongding River has been cut off all year around and the ecological environment has continued to deteriorate. Therefore, a series of river ecological restoration projects of ‘Five Lakes on One Route’ have been implemented. In order to characterize the physico-chemical properties of groundwater and evaluate the effects of these projects on groundwater quality, by using principal component analysis, this study analyzed spatial and temporal variation on the basis of 11 water quality parameters at 10 monitoring sites of ‘Five Lakes on One Route’ for Yongding River during April and September of 2011 and 2016. Principal component analysis demonstrated that relatively poor groundwater is mainly distributed in Fengtai District residential and industrial land, and the groundwater in Mentougou District woods is generally better. The groundwater quality at eight monitoring sites kept the same level or became better, and the construction of the river ecological restoration projects of ‘Five Lakes on One Route’ is important for protecting the groundwater resource.

For centuries, the rapid development of human society has already made human activity the dominant factor in the terrestrial ecosystem. As the city of greatest importance in China, the capital Beijing has experienced eco-environmental changes with unprecedented economic and population growth during the past few decades. To better understand the ecological transition and its correlations in Beijing, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were used to investigate vegetation coverage changes using a dimidiate pixel model. Piecewise linear regression, bivariate-partial correlation analysis, and factor analysis were applied to the probing of the relationship between vegetation coverage changes and climatic/human-induced factors. The results showed that from 2000 to 2005, 2005 to 2010, and 2010 to 2015, Beijing experienced both restoration (6.33%, 10.08%, and 12.81%, respectively) and degradation (13.62%, 9.35%, and 9.49%, respectively). The correlation analysis results between climate and vegetation changes demonstrated that from 2000 to 2015, both the multi-year annual mean temperature (r = −0.819, p < 0.01) and the multi-year annual mean precipitation (r = 0.653, p < 0.05) had a significantly correlated relationship with vegetation change. The Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project (BTSSCP) has shown beneficial spatial effects on vegetation restoration; the total effectiveness in conservation areas (84.94 in 2000–2010) was much better than non-BTSSCP areas (34.34 in 2000–2010). The most contributory socioeconomic factors were the population (contribution = 54.356%) and gross domestic product (GDP) (contribution = 30.677%). The population showed a significantly negative correlation with the overall vegetation coverage (r = −0.684, p < 0.05). The GDP was significantly negatively correlated with vegetation in Tongzhou, Daxing, Central city, Fangshan, Shunyi, and Changping (r = −0.601, p < 0.01), while positively related in Huairou, Miyun, Pinggu, Mentougou and Yanqing (r = 0.614, p < 0.01). These findings confirm that human activity is a very significant factor in impacting and explaining vegetation changes, and that some socioeconomic influences on vegetation coverage are highly spatially heterogeneous, based on the context of different areas.

Abstract 'You always treat the sun as though it were yours.' Lining the frame of a pen-and-ink sketch, these words reflect conditions of possibility particular to the contemporaneity of early post-Mao China. Included in his Visual Diary series from the early 1980s, Qu Leilei's image-text turns inward the heavily socialized forms of visual and political expression from the revolutionary era. As instances of the artist's emerging private practice, such works, including etchings, line drawings, and fragments of prose poetry, are seldom addressed in existing scholarship on contemporary Chinese art. This article takes up a selective examination of Qu's diaristic ephemera from this historical moment following the Cultural Revolution (1966‐76) to explore how Qu's entries both maintain and transform aspects of revolutionary-era media and visuality. The article further considers the following questions: In what ways does Qu's Visual Diary reconfigure the serial images of revolutionary state-driven practices in the social landscape of still-Maoist Beijing? How do Qu's transfigured image-texts complicate the rejection of Maoist visual vanguardism in cultural practices after the revolution?

Connectivity modeling approaches for abandoned mine lands (AML) patches are limited in post-mining landscape restoration, especially where great land use changes might be expected due to large-scale land reclamation. This study presents a novel approach combining AML patch sizes with a proximity index to characterize patch-scaled connectivity for determining the spatial positions of patches with huge sizes and high connectivity. Then this study propose a scenario-based method coupled with landscape-scale metrics for quantifying landscape-scaled connectivity, which aims at exploring the optimal reclamation scheme with the highest connectivity. Using the Mentougou District in Beijing, China, as a case study, this paper confirmed which patches should be reclaimed first to meet the predetermined reclamation numbers; then this paper tested three different reclamation scenarios (i.e., cultivated land-oriented, forest-oriented, and construction land-oriented scenarios) to describe the impact of the different development strategies on landscape connectivity. The research found that the forest-oriented scenario increased connectivity quantitatively, showing an increase in the integral index of connectivity (IIC) and other landscape-scale metrics. Therefore, this paper suggests that future land-use policies should emphasize converting AML into more forest to blend in with the surrounding land-use categories. The findings presented here can contribute to better understanding the quantitative analysis of the connectivity of AML patches at both the patch scale and the landscape scale, thus providing scientific support for AML management in mine-site rehabilitation.

The Creation of the Alphabet and words spelling of Chinese Mandarin (Pinyin tsimu project) is a landmark event in the history of Chinese civilization. It breathes new life into ancient Chinese characters. Great &quot;dumb&quot; − the Chinese character − for the first time since 1958 has become known to the whole world by sounds of Beijing speech. Today the two types of writing − Chinese Mandarin traditional ideographic and innovative phonographic writing, in their unity, provide the linguocultural unity of the Chinese society and the progress of science and technology of China. Millions of people in China and beyond are studying the Chinese language based on the sound letter standard of the words of Chinese Putonghua. Letter orthogramms of Chinese words provide tele- and Internet communication of hundreds of millions of Chinese. In the 20 century the first Latinized alphabet for the Chinese language was created with the leading participation of one of the founders and leaders of the CPC, Qu Qiubo, (included in the official list of &quot;100 Greatest Figures of New China&quot;) under the influence of the experience of creating alphabets for the peoples of the USSR in 1921-26. Chinese alphabet, based on Latin letters and letter-spelling forms of Putonghua words are a huge scientific achievement of Chinese linguists. Outstanding contribution to the creation of the alphabet and letter words of Chinese Mandarin was made by a brilliant Chinese linguist Zhou Youguang (1906-2011), called the «father of pinyin zimu» or Chinese alphabet in China. The top leaders of the Communist Party of China, Mao Tsedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi led the creation of the &quot;pinyin&quot; alphabet. The political will and wisdom of the CPC&apos;s senior leadership, combined with the creative genius of Chinese linguists, ensured the creation of a letter writing for the people of China, which was &quot;an epochal event in the history of the development of Chinese civilization&quot;.

In rockfall hazard management, the investigation and detection of potential rockfall source areas on rock cliffs by remote-sensing-based susceptibility analysis are of primary importance. However, when the rockfall analysis results are used as feedback to the fieldwork, the irregular slope surface morphology makes it difficult to objectively locate the risk zones of hazard maps on the real slopes, and the problem of straightforward on-site visualization of rockfall susceptibility remains a research gap. This paper presents some of the pioneering studies on the augmented reality (AR) mapping of geospatial information from cyberspace within 2D screens to the physical world for on-site visualization, which directly recognizes the rock mass and superimposes corresponding rock discontinuities and rockfall susceptibility onto the real slopes. A novel method of edge-based tracking of the rock mass target for mobile AR is proposed, where the model edges extracted from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) structure-from-motion (SfM) 3D reconstructions are aligned with the corresponding actual rock mass to estimate the camera pose accurately. Specifically, the visually prominent edges of dominant structural planes were first explored and discovered to be a robust visual feature of rock mass for AR tracking. The novel approaches of visual-geometric synthetic image (VGSI) and prominent structural plane (Pro-SP) were developed to extract structural planes with identified prominent edges as 3D template models which could provide a pose estimation reference. An experiment verified that the proposed Pro-SP template model could effectively improve the edge tracking performance and quality, and this approach was relatively robust to the changes of sunlight conditions. A case study was carried out on a typical roadcut cliff in the Mentougou District of Beijing, China. The results validate the scalability of the proposed mobile AR strategy, which is applicable and suitable for cliff-scale fieldwork. The results also demonstrate the feasibility, efficiency, and significance of the geoinformation AR mapping methodology for on-site zoning and locating of potential rockfalls, and providing relevant guidance for subsequent detailed site investigation.

Constructing digital models of public spaces of social networks found in traditional villages helps us explore the logic behind the interactions that occur within various relationships as well as achieve the optimization of spatial layouts and the equalization of the different use needs that social groups have. However, this analytical method has not been fully studied in the field focusing on the rationality of public spaces in traditional villages. This paper takes the traditional village protection demonstration area in Mentougou District, Beijing, China, as the object of research and selects three different forms of traditional villages to be analyzed. It tries to excavate the universal laws and unique differences in the models of the different forms of traditional villages and establish models for quantitative research, such as index calculation, so as to increase the depth and accuracy of research and embody the characteristic laws of the spaces studied in terms of the nature of the structures and relationships that are part of these spaces. The results show that the spatial characteristics of the different forms of traditional villages are obviously different from the relevance, equalization, and connectivity of spatial networks. The cluster form of traditional villages tends to focus on the villagers’ use demands and the assessment of the spatial status quo by increasing the number of spatial nodes and transforming spatial functions in order to achieve higher equalization. The dispersed form of traditional villages tends to focus on optimizing the relevance of spatial network structures. The linear form of traditional villages tends to establish public spaces so as to increase the depth and accuracy of research. Villages ought to establish direct links between public spaces in order to increase the connectivity of traditional villages. This study provides a rational basis for the differentiated planning decisions of traditional villages and lays the foundation for the promotion of the smooth and sustainable development of regional villages.

Background. The article discusses one of the most complex and controversial periods in the development of the Chinese orchestra of traditional instruments of the new type – the 1960–70s. Since 1966, with the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, all conservatories were closed, and Western instruments and teaching materials were destroyed. Chinese musicians, unable to play classical music, were forced to work with folk songs and folklore in remote provinces. The objective assessment of this historical phenomenon makes it possible to evaluate it not only as a dead end on China’s path to modern progress, but also as an era of constructive innovations and efforts to make a real change in China’s cultural heritage. The specifics of the creative activity of orchestras conducted by conductors Li Delun, Huang Yijun, Li Guoquan, Yang Jizhen is highlighted. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the development of the Chinese orchestra of traditional instruments in the 1960s – 1970s, to determine the role of prominent Chinese musicians in the process of modernizing the orchestra and creating a national repertoire during this period. Research methods are based on scientific approaches necessary for the disclosure of the topic. The methodology is based on an integrated approach that combines the principle of musical theoretical, musical historical and executive analysis. Results. As soon as the Cultural Revolution began, the music centers in Beijing and Shanghai came under attack. Composers were deprived of their creative freedom, since all the works had to correspond to the political situation of the time. At this time, collective creativity in the genre of opera and ballet, written according to certain pattern and corresponding to the ideas of Mao Zedong, is widely adopted. As standards of “new art”, official propaganda put forward “exemplary” revolutionary performances – Yanbanshee, almost entirely based on the material of the period of the liberation struggle. The Central and Shanghai orchestras were also persecuted. The chief conductor of the Central Symphony Orchestra, Li Delun was arrested. Since 1963, the programs of the Shanghai Orchestra of Chinese Instruments have begun to reflect the country’s transition to the Cultural Revolution. In the compositions appeared more pronounced revolutionary ideals, showing the need for government reform. Such content was, for example, the orchestral suite "Revolutionary Song", created by the musicians of the Shanghai orchestra. Due to the policy of the Cultural Revolution after 1964, the orchestra completely ceased to perform. In 1964, works performed at a concert in honor of the nation’s birthday included revolutionary pieces such as “Praise to the People”, “Spring Gong Enhances Performance”, “Battle in Shanghai”, and others. Shanghai Orchestra Conductor Juan Yijun, composer Luo Zhongrong, one of the authors of the revolutionary symphony “Shatszyaban” was persecuted and sent to the countryside for forced labor. In 1966, as a result of the repressions, outstanding conductors Li Guoquan and Yang Jazheng died. The widespread distribution of orchestras in China is a paradox. “Exemplary Performances” played an active role in the distribution of Chinese symphonic music. Many amateur orchestras significantly increased their professional level and could perform individual symphonic works. Major symphonic works on revolutionary themes were also created: Qu Wei’s “The Gray-Haired Girl” symphonic suite (created by his ballet), Tian Feng’s “Five Cantatas to lyrics by Mao Zedong”, “Pipa Concert for Orchestra” and “Steppe Sisters” Wu Zujiang, Liu Dehai, Wang Yanqiao. Another genre was music for ballets (“The Red Women’s Battalion”, “The Gray-Haired Girl”). Conclusions. In the period from the 1960s to the 1970s, Chinese orchestral music was enriched with new genres that influenced its subsequent development. In spite of the fact that the main models of Yangbanshee are the opera and ballet genres, major symphonic works were also created: the symphony “Shatszyaban” (Luo Zhongzhong, Yang Muyun, Deng Jiaan, Tan Jingming); Qu Wei’s symphonic suite “The Gray-Haired Girl”; Overture “Festival” Xu Yang Yang, Pipa Concert with Orchestra “Steppe Sisters” Wu Zuqiang, Liu Dehai, Wang Yanqiao. In these compositions combine the traditions of Chinese musical art and European orchestral art, embodied the creative search for Chinese composers and performers to create samples of the modern symphony genre in China. Collective creativity was widespread: on the one hand, the efforts of several people created largescale monumental compositions, on the other hand, the individual author’s principle was leveled, which made it possible to “depersonalize” music. However, an understanding of the cultural aspects of Yanbanshee and its features in a political context is of great importance for an objective study of the development processes of musical art in China. Starting around the 1990s, the political thaw allowed musical works from the time of the Cultural Revolution, gradually returning them to the mainstream of the achievements of Chinese society. Since then, the Yanbanshee has a strong tendency to revive, enjoying the support of the population and continuing to be very popular in the theater, on television, and in the form of commercial and private entertainment.

Background. The article discusses one of the most complex and controversial periods in the development of the Chinese orchestra of traditional instruments of the new type – the 1960–70s. Since 1966, with the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, all conservatories were closed, and Western instruments and teaching materials were destroyed. Chinese musicians, unable to play classical music, were forced to work with folk songs and folklore in remote provinces. The objective assessment of this historical phenomenon makes it possible to evaluate it not only as a dead end on China’s path to modern progress, but also as an era of constructive innovations and efforts to make a real change in China’s cultural heritage. The specifics of the creative activity of orchestras conducted by conductors Li Delun, Huang Yijun, Li Guoquan, Yang Jizhen is highlighted. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the development of the Chinese orchestra of traditional instruments in the 1960s – 1970s, to determine the role of prominent Chinese musicians in the process of modernizing the orchestra and creating a national repertoire during this period. Research methods are based on scientific approaches necessary for the disclosure of the topic. The methodology is based on an integrated approach that combines the principle of musical theoretical, musical historical and executive analysis. Results. As soon as the Cultural Revolution began, the music centers in Beijing and Shanghai came under attack. Composers were deprived of their creative freedom, since all the works had to correspond to the political situation of the time. At this time, collective creativity in the genre of opera and ballet, written according to certain pattern and corresponding to the ideas of Mao Zedong, is widely adopted. As standards of “new art”, official propaganda put forward “exemplary” revolutionary performances – Yanbanshee, almost entirely based on the material of the period of the liberation struggle. The Central and Shanghai orchestras were also persecuted. The chief conductor of the Central Symphony Orchestra, Li Delun was arrested. Since 1963, the programs of the Shanghai Orchestra of Chinese Instruments have begun to reflect the country’s transition to the Cultural Revolution. In the compositions appeared more pronounced revolutionary ideals, showing the need for government reform. Such content was, for example, the orchestral suite "Revolutionary Song", created by the musicians of the Shanghai orchestra. Due to the policy of the Cultural Revolution after 1964, the orchestra completely ceased to perform. In 1964, works performed at a concert in honor of the nation’s birthday included revolutionary pieces such as “Praise to the People”, “Spring Gong Enhances Performance”, “Battle in Shanghai”, and others. Shanghai Orchestra Conductor Juan Yijun, composer Luo Zhongrong, one of the authors of the revolutionary symphony “Shatszyaban” was persecuted and sent to the countryside for forced labor. In 1966, as a result of the repressions, outstanding conductors Li Guoquan and Yang Jazheng died. The widespread distribution of orchestras in China is a paradox. “Exemplary Performances” played an active role in the distribution of Chinese symphonic music. Many amateur orchestras significantly increased their professional level and could perform individual symphonic works. Major symphonic works on revolutionary themes were also created: Qu Wei’s “The Gray-Haired Girl” symphonic suite (created by his ballet), Tian Feng’s “Five Cantatas to lyrics by Mao Zedong”, “Pipa Concert for Orchestra” and “Steppe Sisters” Wu Zujiang, Liu Dehai, Wang Yanqiao. Another genre was music for ballets (“The Red Women’s Battalion”, “The Gray-Haired Girl”). Conclusions. In the period from the 1960s to the 1970s, Chinese orchestral music was enriched with new genres that influenced its subsequent development. In spite of the fact that the main models of Yangbanshee are the opera and ballet genres, major symphonic works were also created: the symphony “Shatszyaban” (Luo Zhongzhong, Yang Muyun, Deng Jiaan, Tan Jingming); Qu Wei’s symphonic suite “The Gray-Haired Girl”; Overture “Festival” Xu Yang Yang, Pipa Concert with Orchestra “Steppe Sisters” Wu Zuqiang, Liu Dehai, Wang Yanqiao. In these compositions combine the traditions of Chinese musical art and European orchestral art, embodied the creative search for Chinese composers and performers to create samples of the modern symphony genre in China. Collective creativity was widespread: on the one hand, the efforts of several people created largescale monumental compositions, on the other hand, the individual author’s principle was leveled, which made it possible to “depersonalize” music. However, an understanding of the cultural aspects of Yanbanshee and its features in a political context is of great importance for an objective study of the development processes of musical art in China. Starting around the 1990s, the political thaw allowed musical works from the time of the Cultural Revolution, gradually returning them to the mainstream of the achievements of Chinese society. Since then, the Yanbanshee has a strong tendency to revive, enjoying the support of the population and continuing to be very popular in the theater, on television, and in the form of commercial and private entertainment.

This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. 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AbstractThe research on driving mechanisms of urban land expansion is hot topic of land science. However, the relative importance of anthropogenic-natural factors and how they affect urban land expansion change are still unclear. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform, this study used the support vector machine classifier to extract land-use datasets of Mentougou district of Beijing, China from 1990 to 2016. Supported by machine-learning approaches, multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forests (RF) were applied and compared to identify the influential factors and their relative importance on urban land expansion. The results show: There was a continuous growth in urban land expansion from 1990 to 2016, the increased area reached 6097.42 ha with an average annual rate of 8.01% and average annual intensity rate of 2.57%, respectively. Factors such as elevation, risk of goaf collapse, accessibility, local fiscal expenditure, industrial restructuring, per capita income in rural area, GDP were important drivers of urban land expansion change. The model comparison indicated that RF had greater ability than MLR to identify the non-linear relationships between urban land expansion and explanatory variables. The influencing factors of urban land expansion should be comprehensively considered to regulate new land policy actions in Mentougou.

IntroductionPenicillium species exhibit a broad distribution in nature and play a crucial role in human and ecological environments.MethodsTwo Penicillium species isolated from the ancient Great Wall loess in the Mentougou District of Beijing, China, were identified and described as new species, namely, Penicillium acidogenicum and P. floccosum, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes including ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 genes.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses showed that both novel species formed a distinctive lineage and that they were most closely related to P. chrzaszczii and P. osmophilum, respectively.DiscussionPenicillium acidogenicum is characterized by biverticillate conidiophores that produce globose conidia and is distinguished from similar species by its capacity to grow on CYA at 30°C. Penicillium floccosum is typically recognized by its restricted growth and floccose colony texture. The description of these two new species provided additional knowledge and new insights into the ecology and distribution of Penicillium.

Abstract Background Herbal nanoparticles are made from natural herbs/medicinal plants, their extracts, or a combination with other nanoparticle carriers. Compared to traditional herbs, herbal nanoparticles lead to improved bioavailability, enhanced stability, and reduced toxicity. Previous research indicates that herbal medicine nanomaterials are rapidly advancing and making significant progress; however, bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping for herbal nanoparticles are currently lacking. We performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications related to herbal nanoparticles from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database spanning from 2004 to 2023. Data processing was performed using the R package Bibliometrix, VOSviewers, and CiteSpace. Results In total, 1876 articles related to herbal nanoparticles were identified, originating from various countries, with China being the primary contributing country. The number of publications in this field increases annually. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Saveetha University in India are prominent research institutions in this domain. The Journal “International Journal of Nanomedicine” has the highest number of publications. The number of authors of these publications reached 8234, with Yan Zhao, Yue Zhang, and Huihua Qu being the most prolific authors and Yan Zhao being the most frequently cited author. “Traditional Chinese medicine,” “drug delivery,” and “green synthesis” are the main research focal points. Themes such as “green synthesis,” “curcumin,” “wound healing,” “drug delivery,” and “carbon dots” may represent emerging research areas. Conclusions Our study findings assist in identifying the latest research frontiers and hot topics, providing valuable references for scholars investigating the role of nanotechnology in herbal medicine. Graphical Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate epidemiological features and identify high relative risk space-time Intestinal infectious diseases clusters at the township level in Beijing city in order to provide the scientific evidence for making prevention and control measures.IntroductionIntestinal infectious diseases (IID) is a common cause of illness in the community and results in a high burden of consultations to general practice, mostly affecting the health of infants, preschool children, young adults and elderly people, especially those living in low income countries. According to the published study on the global burden of disease, intestinal infectious diseases were responsible for 221,300 deaths worldwide in 2013. The Chinese Ministry of Health has listed bacillary dysentery, amebic dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever as notifiable Class-B communicable diseases and other infectious diarrhea as notifiable Class-C communicable diseases to be included in the surveillance system and reporting network since 2004. Many studies of IID in different regions have been published. However, the epidemiological characteristics and space-time patterns of individual-level IID cases in a major city such as Beijing are still unknown. We aim to analyze the epidemiology features and identify space-time clusters of Beijing IID at a fine spatial scale in this study.MethodsData collection. Data on IID cases in the 2008-2010 period were provided by Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, China, including basic social-demographic information and clinical diagnosis (mainly including upper respiratory tract infection, indigestion, gastrointestinal disorders, bacillary dysentery, amebic dysentery, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever and other infectious diarrhea). The demographic data for each township was calculated based on 2010 census data and the data published in the Beijing Statistical Yearbook.Epidemiological analysis. The home addresses from IID case records were matched to the geographic coordinates of the township level divisions. Age-gender incidence of IID (1/100,000) was defined as the number of IID cases in each age-gender group divided by the population size of that age-gender group. Total incidence was defined as the total number of IID cases divided by the average population size during the study period.Space-time analysis. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis based on Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) was used to measure the spatial autocorrelation of IID incidence. The High-High and Low-Low townships suggested the clustering of similar values for IID incidence, whereas the Low-High and High-Low townships indicated spatial outliers. The spatial and space-time scan statistics combined the covariates (gender and age) method were used to reveal the space-time clusters of Beijing IID.ResultsEpidemiological features. A total of 561,199 individual-level IID cases were reported in Beijing in the period, in which 95 cases without the township information. 22.1% (124,025) of the cases were in the 0 to 4-year age group. Secondly 21.8% (122,345) were in the 50+-year age group. Next 13.17% were in the 25 to 29-year age group (73,931) and 11.9% were in the 20 to 24-year age group (66,787). Among the total IID cases, 307,920 were male, and 253,278 were female. The average male-to-female sex ratio was 1.22. Total IID incidence was 1003.54 /100,000 (1035.16 in 2008, 992.67 in 2009 and 985.30 in 2010). Total IID age-specific incidence in the 0 to 4-year age group (19,004.95) was the highest, followed by 3267.40 in the 25 to 29-year age group. The sex ratio of IID cases varied among the different age-gender groups. For the 50+-year age group, the incidence in female was higher than that in male. However, for the other age groups, the incidence in female was usually lower. The monthly distribution of IID cases exhibited significant seasonality and periodicity. The annual peaks in incidence mostly occurred between May and July. The annual number of IID cases was the lowest (183,326) in 2008 and the greatest (193,237) in 2010.Space-time Patterns. LISA analysis found that the borders between old city (Xicheng and Dongcheng) and urban districts (Haidian, Chaoyang, Shijingshan and Fengtai) showed the clear High-High positive spatial association for IID incidence. Rural areas (Yanqing, Huairou, Miyun and Pinggu) and outlying districts (the west of Mentougou and Fangshan, the southeast of Daxing and Tongzhou) showed the stable Low-Low positive spatial association for IID incidence. The townships showing Low-Low negative spatial association were mainly distributed in the urban-rural transition zones around the old city, while the High-Low spatial outliers mainly scattered in Xinggu county of Pinggu and Shahe town of Changping.Detected spatial scan clusters varied from year to year. The most likely clusters occurred in 15 townships around Chongwenmenwai of Dongcheng district (2008, Relative risk (RR) = 9.39, Log likelihood ratio (LLR) = 53927.93, P-value (P) < 0.001), Donghuamen and Qianmen of Dongcheng district (2009, RR = 35.01, LLR = 53286.52, P < 0.001), Donghuamen of Dongcheng district (2010, RR= 43.83, LLR = 62674.76, P < 0.001). The most likely space-time cluster (RR = 41.3, P < 0.001) was located in Donghuamen and Qianmen of Dongcheng district during the period from 2009/5/1 to 2010/10/31. The secondary space-time clusters (RR = 2.02, P < 0.001) were mainly scattered in the west part of Beijing including 133 townships during the period from 2010/6/1 to 2010/9/30.ConclusionsThe detected locations and space-time patterns of Beijing IID clusters are important for the local health officials to determine the source of the cluster to design effective prevention strategies and interventions against Beijing IID. The variations in Beijing IID epidemics over population, space, and time that were revealed by this study emphasize the need for more thorough research about the driving forces and risk factors (climate, geography, environment, and social-economic) that contribute to prevent and control Beijing IID outbreaks.ReferencesAbubakar I I et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet, 2015, 385(9963): 117-171.Ghoshal U C et al. The role of the microbiome and the use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders in adults in the Asia-Pacific region background and recommendations of a regional consensus meeting. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2018, 33(1): 57-69.

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is widely consumed as fresh or frozen vegetable worldwide, and Zhengtian68 is a popular commercial variety cultivated extensively in southeast China. In May 2021, 40% of the inbred line YK063 (the female parent of Zhengtian68) showed early yellowing of the leaves at flowering time in a commercial seed production field with a total area of 0.5 ha in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province after a heavy rain. Black and rotten roots were observed in the diseased plants after digging the whole plant out of the soil. Grain filling was also severely affected, adversely impacting seed production. Diseased plants were more easily found in the lower section of the field, where water accumulated after rainfall. Three plants with rotten roots were collected randomly from the field to identify the causal pathogen. The diseased roots were cut into 2-3 mm sections, washed in 75% ethanol for 2 minutes and rinsed three times in sterile distilled water. Four to five sections per plant were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28℃ in the dark for three days. Three isolates GF1, GF2, and GF3 from different plants were purified by hyphal tip isolation and transferred to new PDA and 10% V8 juice agar (16 g agar, 3 g CaCO3, 100 ml V8 juice, and 900 ml distilled water) and incubated at 28℃ for 10 days in darkness for further investigation. Translucent, glassy mycelial growth was observed on the PDA media. Morphological characteristics of the 3 isolates were observed under a microscope from the 10%V8 media. The hyphae were aseptate and 2.7 to 4.5 μm wide (mean±SD,3.3±0.44μm, n=44). Sporangia were inflated, or lobulate, terminal, or intercalary. Oogonia were globose, smooth-walled, terminal, or occasionally intercalary, with a diameter of 17.2-24.1 μm (mean±SD, 21.3±2.14μm, n=29). Oospores were globose, plerotic, smooth, and 14.5-21.2 μm (mean±SD, 18.7±2.07μm, n=35) in diameter. The antheridia were diclinous or monoclinous, not intercalary, and one to six antheridia were attached to each oogonium. Based on these morphological characteristics, 3 isolates were identified as Pythium spp. including Pythium graminicola (Van der Plaats-Niterink 1981). Genomic DNA was extracted from the mycelia grown on PDA using a Fungal Genomic DNA kit (Scintol, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cytochrome oxidase II (Cox II) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA were amplified using the primers FM58/FM66 (Martin 2000) and ITS4/ITS5 (White et al. 1990) respectively. Amplification was performed in a 50μl reaction volume using 25 μl PCR Mix (Trans Gene, Beijing, China), 3 μl genomic DNA (50 ng/μl), 1 μl each forward and reverse primer (10 μM), and 20 μl ddH2O. The PCR program was as follows: initial denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, 35 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, annealing at 60°C for 60 s, extension at 72°C for 60 s, and a final extension at 72°C for 10 min. PCR products were sequenced and submitted to GenBank (accession no. OQ504322, OQ933130, and OQ933212 for ITS; OQ512002, OQ942203, and OQ942204 for Cox II). BLASTn analysis revealed that the ITS and Cox II sequences showed more than 98.62% similarity (721/724bp, 722/724bp,723/724bp for ITS; 514/514bp, 506/507bp, 500/507bp for Cox II) to P. graminicola ATCC96234 (accession no. AB095045 for ITS, and AB160849 for Cox II), respectively, supporting the morphological analysis. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and Cox II concatenated sequence further confirmed that the isolates were P. graminicola. To test the pathogenicity of GF1, GF2, and GF3 a wheat seed inoculum was prepared as previously described (Qu et al. 2016). Sweet corn YK063 plants were planted in sterilized nutrient soil in plastic pots (one plant per pot) and grown in a greenhouse at 28℃ with 60% humidity and a 12-h/12-h light-dark cycle. For each isolate,10 plants were inoculated with 20 infected wheat seeds around the roots at the V5 stage, while 10 other YK063 plants were inoculated with the non-infected wheat seeds as a control. The experiment was repeated once. Three weeks later, the non-inoculated plants were asymptomatic. In contrast, inoculated plants showed stunning, yellowing of the leaves, root rot, and decreased production of lateral roots, exhibiting symptoms similar to those originally described for the disease. P. graminicola was successfully reisolated from the diseased roots and identified by morphological characteristics and sequencing of the ITS and Cox II as the causal agent for this root rot disease, fulfilling Koch’s postulate for defining a causal agent. P. graminicola was reported as a causal agent of damping-off on dent corn in Georgia (Li et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. graminicola causing root rot in sweet corn in southeast China. Identification of this pathogen will facilitate further research on this disease and the development of effective strategies to control the disease.

Fallopia multiflora Thunb. is a precious remedy in traditional medicine of many countries. In terms of chemical composition, emodin (EM) and 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilben-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) were identified as chemical markers of Fallopia multiflora Thunb. This study was conducted to develop a preparing process that helps to minimize the THSG content while increasing the ratio between EM and THSG. The HPLC-DAD method was used to quantify these substances in the raw materials and samples after each processing stage to investigate the effects of the different processing conditions. It is found that the process of preparing Fallopia multiflora Thunb. can reduce at least 53% of THSG. The ratio of EM to THSG increased by more than 2.6 times after the processing. The process has many advantages, such as simplicity, no need of soaking the herb in rice water, and short processing time. The standards with such criteria as description, identification, loss on drying, extract, and assay for the prepared product were also proposed. Keywords: Fallopia multiflora Thunb., processing mechanism, emodin, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilben-2-O-β-D-glucoside. References [1] Ministry of Health, Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, Part 2, 2018, pp. 1180-1181 (in Vietnamese). [2] B. T. Thuong, P. X. Sinh, N. T. Hai, N. T. T. Binh, N. X. Tung, Effect of Traditional Preparation Processing on the Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Fallopia multiflora Thunb., VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2020, pp. 23-30 (in Vietnamese), https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4264[3] Commission Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, China Medical Science and Technology Press: Beijing, China, Part I, 2015, pp. 175-177.[4] Department of Health, Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, Vol. 2, 2008, pp. 223-233. [5] L. Lin, B. Ni, H. Lin, M. Zhang, X. Li, Xi. Yin, C. Qu, J. Ni, Traditional Usages, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A Review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 159, 2015, pp. 158-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.009.[6] Y. Liu, Q. Wang, J. Yang, X. Guo, W. Liu, S. Ma, S. Li, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A Review on Chemical Analysis, Processing Mechanism, Quality Evaluation, and Hepatotoxicity, Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol. 9, 2018, pp. 1-9, http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00364.[7] Use the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human, Validation of Analytical Procedures:Text and Methodology Q2 (R1), International Conference on Harmonization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005, pp. 6-13.[8] N. T. H. Ly, T. T. Thao, P. V. Truong, P. T. Phuong, Quality Evaluation of Fallopia multiflora in Vietnam Based on HPLC-FLD and Chemometrics, Natural Products Chemistry & Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, 2018, pp. 1-7, http://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000346.[9] P. X. Sinh, Traditional Pharmacology, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014, pp. 352-353 (in Vietnamese).[10] D. Q. Luo, P. Jia, S. S. Zhao, Y. Zhao, H. J. Liu,F. Wei, S. C. Ma, Identification and Differentiation of Polygonum multiflorum Radix and Polygoni multiflori Radix Preaparata through the Quantitative Analysis of Multicomponents by the Single Marker Method, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Vol. 2019, 2019, pp. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7430717.