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1

Bågedahl-Strindlund, M., L. Rosencrantz-Larsson, and P. Wilkner-Svanfeldt. "Children of Mentally Ill Mothers: Social Situation and Psychometric Testing of Mental Development." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 17, no. 2 (June 1989): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488901700208.

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2

Rutter, Michael. "Developmental psychopathology: A paradigm shift or just a relabeling?" Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt2 (November 2013): 1201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000564.

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AbstractDevelopmental psychopathology is described as a conceptual approach that involves a set of research methods that capitalize on developmental and psychopathological variations to ask questions about mechanisms and processes. Achievements are described in relation to attachment and attachment disorders, autism, schizophrenia, childhood antecedents of adult psychopathology, testing for environmental mediation of risk effects, gene–environment interplay, intellectual and language functioning, effects of mentally ill parents on the children, stress and vulnerability to depression, ethnicity and schizophrenia, and drug response. Continuities and discontinuities over the course of development are discussed in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antisocial behavior, eating disorders, substance abuse and dependency, pharmacological and behavioral addictions, and a range of other disorders. Research challenges are considered in relation to spectrum concepts, the adolescent development of a female preponderance for depression, the mechanisms involved in age differences in response to drugs and to lateralized brain injury, the processing of experiences, the biological embedding of experiences, individual differences in response to environmental hazards, nature–nurture integration, and brain plasticity.
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3

Radke-Yarrow, Marian, and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler. "Research on children of affectively ill parents: Some considerations for theory and research on normal development." Development and Psychopathology 2, no. 4 (October 1990): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005770.

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AbstractResearch in developmental psychopathology is used to examine and propose questions, concepts, and methods in the investigation of child development in the contexts of dysfunctional and well families. The adequacy of the data base for investigating the course of development, representing the socialization process, and identifying individualities and universals in development is discussed. A number of research issues that have been studied primarily in developmental psychopathology are recommended as relevant to normal child development. Multidomain and multisource longitudinal data are proposed as the means for better delineating development and for testing alternative models of developmental processes. Examples of data and experience are drawn from longitudinal studies of affectively ill parents and their children. Differences in the perspectives and approaches of normal child development research and developmental child psychopathology are discussed. The usefulness of thinking of two disciplines, normal child development and child development psychopathology, is questioned.
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4

Tyler, Audrey, Michael Morris, Lazarus Lazarou, Linda Meredith, Jennifer Myring, and Peter Harper. "Presymptomatic Testing for Huntington's Disease in Wales 1987–90." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 4 (October 1992): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.4.481.

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Between 1987 and 1990 a large series of at-risk individuals has been referred to our Huntington's disease (HD) presymptomatic testing programme. A detailed protocol for assessment and counselling has been followed. Out of 238 serious inquiries, 36% were potentially suitable for the testing programme, but 19% chose not to continue. Reasons for exclusion included the presence of clinical features of HD and being under the age of 18 years. Out of 40 final results given to 38 individuals, 23 indicated a lowered risk, 11 an increased risk, while five results were uninformative, two of these becoming informative on repeat testing. This series contained more women than men, and was disproportionately from the higher socio-economic groups. Motives for requesting a test principally related to child-bearing, informing existing children, and planning for the future. No significant psychiatric symptoms have been reported in the short term, but difficult counselling problems were presented by the high proportion of applicants who already showed clinical signs of HD. It is concluded that a detailed counselling protocol is essential in testing for HD, as many applicants are ill-prepared; this will assume even greater importance when the HD gene is identified and a test for specific mutations is available. The experience of presymptomatic testing for HD provides important general lessons which are likely to be applicable to other inherited neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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5

Aye, Win Thuzar, Lars Lien, Hein Stigum, and Espen Bjertness. "Childhood abuse and its association with adults’ mental health problems: a cross-sectional study among men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e045870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045870.

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ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health problems, including mental distress and PTSD symptoms.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Childhood abuse was assessed with the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and mental distress and symptoms of PTSD were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10 and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, respectively. The Wald test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied for testing differences between proportions and the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes, respectively.SettingUrban and rural areas of the Yangon Region, Myanmar.ParticipantsA total of 2377 men and women aged 18–49 years were included. Institutionalised people, monks, nuns and individuals deemed too ill physically and/or mentally to participate were excluded.ResultsOverall, 21.1% (95% CI 18.8 to 23.6) reported any form of childhood abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.9 to 12.4) physical abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.8 to 12.2) emotional abuse and 7.3% (95% CI 5.7 to 9.3) sexual abuse. Childhood abuse was more common in women (29.8%) than in men (12.4%). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the total sample was 6.6%. After adjusting for confounding variables, positive associations were found between childhood abuse with adult mental distress and PTSD symptoms among women and older men.ConclusionsChildhood abuse is prevalent among both men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar and associated with adult mental health problems. Approximately 7% of people report PTSD symptoms. It should prompt local health professionals and policy makers to establish prevention programmes to eliminate violence against children and to organise services for victims of childhood abuse. Care should be taken in generalising findings for less populated areas.
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6

Foulks, Edward F., William G. McCown, Melanie Duckworth, and Patricia B. Sutker. "Neuropsychological Testing of Homeless Mentally Ill Veterans." Psychiatric Services 41, no. 6 (June 1990): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.41.6.672.

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7

Bacani-Oropilla, Teresita, Steven B. Lippmann, and Danielle M. Turns. "Should the mentally ill adopt children?" Postgraduate Medicine 84, no. 6 (November 1988): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1988.11700478.

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8

Bågedahl-Strindlund, M. "Mentally ill mothers and their children." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 74, no. 1 (July 1986): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06223.x.

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9

GROSS, DEBORAH, and DIANE SEMPREVIVO. "Mentally Ill Mothers of Young Children." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2, no. 3 (September 1989): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.1989.tb00370.x.

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10

Grabe, H. "Mentally Ill Parents and Their Children." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30068-7.

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11

Bågedahl-Strindlund, M., and G. Undén. "Mentally Ill Mothers and Their Children." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 1988): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488801600109.

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177 cases of parapartum mental illness and 173 matched obstetric controls were studied retrospectively from the perspective of the social welfare services (SWS). Data covering five years before the index partus until five to seven years thereafter, were studied. Parapartum mentally ill women were known to the SWS to a much greater extent (75%) than their matched controls (33%). They also presented more severe environmental problems than their matched controls. Within the index sample the largest number of adverse factors known to the SWS was found in the addicts and NTI (neuroses and temporary insufficiencies) groups. The dysfunction in the families appeared to be constant throughout the observation period. A large proportion of the index children (32%) had been placed in foster care or adopted. When the index women had applied to the SWS during the first postpartum year the social workers were informed of the fact that she had contacted a psychiatric department in 8 out of 10 cases. However, only in half of these cases had regular collaboration taken place. Collaboration was far more frequent when the mother suffered from severe mental illness than when she was suffering from a less severe mental disturbance.
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12

Moosa, M. Y. H., and F. Y. Jeenah. "Provider-initiated HIV counselling and testing (PICT) in the mentally ill." South African Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (August 30, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v19i3.408.

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<p>The prevalence of HIV infection is substantially higher in mentally ill individuals than in the general population. Despite this, HIV testing is not yet standard practice among the mentally ill population, and many mental health settings do not encourage HIV testing. This paper discusses provider-initiated HIV counselling and testing (PICT) and some of the ethical dilemmas associated with it, on the basis that PICT may be used to increase the number of mentally ill persons tested for HIV. The authors conclude that PICT should be promoted to all psychiatric admissions and mentally ill individuals receiving outpatient services, and that this is within the parameters of existing policies and legislations in South Africa.</p>
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13

Gross, Deborah. "AT RISK: Children of the Mentally Ill." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 27, no. 8 (August 1989): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19890801-06.

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14

Weiss, Marc Franchot. "Children's Attitudes toward Mental Illness as Assessed by the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale." Psychological Reports 57, no. 1 (August 1985): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.1.251.

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Research on attitudes toward mental illness held by the public, by mental health professionals and personnel, and by psychiatric patients and their families is substantial. Little attention has been given to children's attitudes toward mental illness and the mentally ill, so this exploratory-descriptive study examined the developmental trends of children's attitudes toward the mentally ill. An adaptation of the Opinions About Mental Illness Scale was given to 512 elementary school age children who were placed in Grades 2, 4, 6, and 8. It was determined that with increasing grade/age children took a less authoritarian attitude toward the mentally ill and viewed mentally ill persons as more like themselves. Children rook an increasingly parernalistic view of the mentally ill, were less likely to see mental illness as an illness like any other, perceived mental patients as less of a threat to society and needing fewer restrictions. Finally, with increasing age/grade children perceived mental illness as less likely attributable to inadequate, deprived or interpersonal experiences. Results were discussed in terms of a relatively increased “positive attitude” and the relative acceptance and rejection of the mentally ill.
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15

Becker, T., S. Kilian, R. Kilian, C. Lahmeyer, and S. Krumm. "Family Needs, Children and Parenthood in People with Mental Illness." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70281-0.

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Objective:Given that parental mental diseases affect the whole family system, a family centered support and help system seems appropriate for families with a mentally ill mother/father. However, the majority of mental health services do not integrate interventions for the family system into psychiatric treatment programs.Aims:To introduce a counselling and support service for families with a mentally ill parent (FIPS) that has been established at a psychiatric hospital serving a large catchments area. Preliminary results of a qualitative study that focused on the clients’ family background as well as on their reasons for utilising the service and service satisfaction will be presented.Methods:Factors that impact the family system are considered and brought to a concept for counselling and support service for families with a mentally ill parent. Problem-focused interviews with 14 clients (mentally ill parents and relatives) of the counselling service for families were subjected to content analysis.Results:Most clients came to the counselling centre because of worries that the parent's mental illness might negatively affect children's well-being. Mentally ill mothers described their daily lives as utterly burdensome and also reported strong feelings of guilt towards their children. The concept of FIPS includes psychoeducation, social therapy, case management and family therapy. Clients assessed the counselling service as helpful and reported some significant changes.
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16

Wolff, Geoffrey, Soumitra Pathare, Tom Craig, and Julian Leff. "Community Attitudes to Mental Illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 2 (February 1996): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.183.

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BackgroundThe baseline findings from a controlled study of the effect of a public education campaign on community attitudes to mental illness are presented.MethodA census of attitudes to mental illness was conducted in two areas, prior to the opening of supported houses for the mentally ill Factor analysis of the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally III (CAMI) inventory revealed three components: Fear and Exclusion, Social Control and Goodwill.ResultsThe only determinant of Fear and Exclusion was having children. The main determinants of Social Control were social class, ethnic origin, age, having suffered mental illness and having children. The main determinant of Goodwill was educational level The attitude factors were predictive of respondents' behavioural intentions toward the mentally ill. Respondents with children and non-Caucasians were more likely to object to the mentally ill living in their neighbourhood.ConclusionsAny intervention aimed at changing attitudes to mentally ill people in the community should be targeted at people with children and non-Caucasians, as these groups are more likely to object.
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17

Brooks, A. "Mentally ill patients need protection from inappropriate genetic testing." BMJ 317, no. 7163 (October 3, 1998): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7163.903.

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18

Atkins, Frances D. "An Uncertain Future: CHILDREN OF MENTALLY ILL PARENTS." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 30, no. 8 (August 1992): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19920801-07.

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19

Bonde, Else, Birgitte Dehlholm-Lambertsen, Nanna Nielsen, and Else Marie Justesen. "Life circumstances for children of mentally ill parents." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 6 (January 1997): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039489709090744.

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20

Lehmann, Christine. "Parents Giving Up Custody Of Mentally Ill Children." Psychiatric News 38, no. 11 (June 6, 2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.38.11.0013.

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21

Trondsen, Marianne V. "Living With a Mentally Ill Parent." Qualitative Health Research 22, no. 2 (August 25, 2011): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732311420736.

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Although a considerable body of research has described the implications of parental mental illness, the perspectives of children and adolescents have rarely been addressed. In this article, I explore adolescents’ experiences in everyday life, based on an action-oriented study of a Norwegian online self-help group for adolescents (aged 15 to 18) with mentally ill parents. The analysis was conducted through participant observation of the group for 2 years. The adolescents experienced a variety of difficult challenges related to their parent’s mental illness: lack of information and openness; unpredictability and instability; fear; loneliness; and loss and sorrow. However, they also discussed strategies for active management of the challenges arising from the family situation. I argue that these adolescents can be understood as vulnerable as well as active participants in managing their everyday lives. I emphasize the importance of including perspectives of children and adolescents in further research so as to improve health care for families with parental mental illness.
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22

Checkley, Gill E., Sandra C. Thompson, Nick Crofts, Anne M. Mijch, and Fiona K. Judd. "HIV in the Mentally Ill." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076094.

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Objective: To review the published literature in relation to prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviours for HIV among the mentally ill to assist in the development of appropriate strategies for public health policy, surveillance and clinical management of HIV and HIV risk in these groups. Method: A search of published literature was carried out using ‘Medline’, in association with following up appropriate papers cited in the References of journals identified. Results: The North American literature shows an increased risk of HIV infection in psychiatric patients receiving treatment in both inpatient or community settings. HIV infection is associated with a number of risk behaviours, particularly male homosexual sex and injecting drug use, and being the sexual partner of a person with a history of these. Impulsivity, high levels of sexual activity during acute exacerbations of psychiatric illness, poor skills at negotiating safe sex, homelessness and drug abuse are all risk behaviours common among those affected by some mental illnesses. The mentally ill also have a comparatively poorer knowledge of HIV/AIDS. There is a dearth of published Australian data addressing the question of HIV seroprevalence or risk in the mentally ill. Although there has been development and implementation of HIV risk-reduction programs overseas, the development and evaluation of any programs in Australia has not been published. Conclusions: Arguably, Australia has developed a comprehensive program of national surveillance for HIV infection and has been relatively successful in its response to the HIV epidemic, with the high rates of infection in the early to mid-1980s substantially reduced to around 600 new diagnoses per year. However, while risk behaviours which exposed those infected with the virus are recorded, underlying conditions which predispose them to these behaviours are not. Nevertheless, there is HIV infection amongst mentally ill and intellectually disabled people in Australia. Examination of the North American experience reveals opportunities to prevent a high rate of HIV infection in those with mental illness in Australia. Such a program would require adequate risk behaviour assessment, appropriate diagnostic testing and management, and development of specific educational interventions which are properly evaluated to ensure their effectiveness.
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23

Suess, Hannah, Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Bonnie Adema, Anne Daubmann, Reinhold Kilian, Antonia Zapf, Sibylle M. Winter, Martin Lambert, Karl Wegscheider, and Mareike Busmann. "Clinical Trial Data: Both Parents Having Psychiatric Symptoms as Risk Factor for Children’s Mental Illness." Children 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111697.

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Children of mentally ill parents represent a particularly vulnerable risk group for the development of mental illness. This study examines whether there is a predictive association between children’s psychiatric symptomatology and (1) the clinical diagnosis according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) of their mentally ill parent as well as (2) to families both parents showing psychiatric symptoms. The study is part of the multicenter controlled trial project “Children of Mentally Ill Parents” (CHIMPS). For this purpose, the psychiatric symptomatology of the mentally ill parent (N = 196) and his or her partner (N = 134) as well as the psychiatric symptomatology of their children aged 4 to 18 years (N = 290) was measured using clinical rated ICD-10-diagnosis, self-rated Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Using multilevel analyses, the severity of the parental psychiatric symptomatology (BSI) was identified as a significant predictor of children’s psychiatric symptomatology (CBCL). Children of parents with a personality disorder (ICD-10) were not more affected than children of parents with another ICD-10-diagnosis. However, children with two parents showing psychiatric symptoms (CBCL) were significantly more affected than children with one mentally ill parent. The results of this study support the well-known view that parental mental illness is a risk factor for children’s psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, increased support, especially in high-risk families, both parents having psychiatric symptoms, is highly necessary and should be implemented in the future psychotherapeutic family care.
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24

Sorin, H., M. C. Rusu, N. Ionut, and E. Drima. "Testing decision-making competency of schizophrenia participants in clinical trials. A meta-analysis and meta-regression." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S193—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2128.

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AimThe primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of impairment of decision-making capacity in schizophrenia patients compared to non-mentally-ill controls, as determined by the MacCAT-CR instrument.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the results obtained from three databases: ISI Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus. Each database was scrutinized using the following keywords: “MacCAT-CR + schizophrenia”, “decision-making capacity + schizophrenia”, and “informed consent + schizophrenia.”Results and discussionsWe included ten studies in the analysis. Even if schizophrenia patients have a significantly decreased decision-making competence compared to non-mentally-ill controls, they should be considered as competent unless very severe changes are identified during the clinical examination. Using enhanced informed consent techniques significantly decreased the difference between schizophrenia patients and non-mentally-ill controls (except for the reasoning dimension), and should be employed whenever the investigators want to include more severe patients in their clinical trials. Older age, an increased percentage of men gender or inpatient status tend to escalate the score difference of decision-making competence compared to non-mentally-ill subjects in various dimensions of the decision-making capacity. The main limitations of the study are: (1) a decreased number of studies included in the analysis is small (2) only three studies included data about enhanced ways of informing potential subjects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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25

Belcher, John R. "Mothers Alone and Supporting Chronically Mentally Ill Adult Children." Women & Health 14, no. 2 (December 29, 1988): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v14n02_05.

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26

Van Amelsvoort, T. "Dutch Intervention Programmes for Children of Mentally Ill Parents." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.176.

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This presentation reports on the outcomes of a practice-based and science-based enterprise in the Netherlands to develop a comprehensive national prevention program focused on children of parents with a mental illness. An outline of the multicomponent program is presented which includes a wide set of interventions that address evidence-based risk factors and protective factors in multiple domains, including children in different age groups, parents and families, social networks, professionals and the community as a whole.The 20-year history of this program illustrates the importance of long-term collaborative investments that are required of practitioners, policymakers and scientists to develop and implement a nationwide, comprehensive approach for addressing the prevalent transmission of psychiatric problems from parent to child. The results of recently undertaken controlled efficacy studies of various preventive interventions are presented, as well as findings from process evaluations. Also, strengths and weaknesses of the current program are discussed and recommendations will be offered for the main challenges ahead in terms of program innovation, implementation and research.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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27

Östman, Margareta, and Lars Hansson. "Children in families with a severely mentally ill member." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 37, no. 5 (May 2002): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-002-0540-0.

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28

Koelch, M., M. Schmid, and J. M. Fegert. "Parental Burden of Mentally Ill In-patients Assessed." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71031-4.

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Aim:About a third of all inpatients in psychiatric hospitals are parents of children aged below 18 years. The mental illness of a parent and especially the need of inpatient treatment burdens families. This study was contributed to assess parental stress, behavioural and emotional problems of the children and the desires of psychiatric inpatients for support. Barriers and obstacles as well as positive experience with support for their children were assessed.Method:All psychiatric hospitals in a county with about 1.5 million inhabitants in South-West Germany participated in this study. From 643 inpatients after drop-out 83 (54 female, 29 male) patients with non full aged children were questioned with inventories as the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Parental Stress Scael (PSS) and further assessments.Results:Parents reported about an increased level of stress by parenthood (PSS mean 41.9, SD 9.4). Psychopathology of the children influenced the stress of the mentally ill parents. Although an increased level of parental stress was quoted, patients avoided professional support.Conclusion:Our results prove the high negative attitude of mentally ill parents against youth welfare service which must be reduced by active information policy and offers in collaboration with the treating psychiatrist of the parents to reduce parental burden.
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Weiss, Marc Franchot. "Children's Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill: A Developmental Analysis." Psychological Reports 58, no. 1 (February 1986): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.1.11.

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For 577 children, Grades K through 8, attitudes toward mental illness and mentally ill persons relative to other stigmatized groups were measured on a projective measure of social distance. Attitudes toward deviant groups were evidenced by kindergarten and did not change appreciably with increasing age/grade. Across the grades assessed, four distinct and consistent concept groupings emerged. From the most to least preferred they were (1) normal, (2) physically handicapped, (3) mentally ill, mentally retarded, and emotionally disturbed, and (4) convict and crazy. Attitudes of kindergarten children were strikingly similar to those of peers in Grade 8. Crazy people (synonymous with the professional-technical term mental illness) are apparently regarded with the same fear, distrust, digust, and aversion by children and adults alike.
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30

SATRIANO, JAMES. "Routine HIV Testing for the Severely Mentally Ill: Considerations and Cautions." Journal of Psychiatric Practice 8, no. 3 (May 2002): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00131746-200205000-00003.

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31

Pölkki, Pirjo, Sari-Anne Ervast, and Marika Huupponen. "Coping and Resilience of Children of a Mentally Ill Parent." Social Work in Health Care 39, no. 1-2 (January 27, 2005): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v39n01_10.

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32

Garley, D., R. Gallop, N. Johnston, and J. Pipitone. "Children of the mentally ill: a qualitative focus group approach." Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 4, no. 2 (April 1997): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.1997.00036.x.

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33

March, John S. "The future of psychotherapy for mentally ill children and adolescents." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 50, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02034.x.

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34

Adams, Julie, Jon McClellan, Donna Douglass, Chris McCurry, and Mick Storck. "Sexually inappropriate behaviors in seriously mentally ill children and adolescents." Child Abuse & Neglect 19, no. 5 (May 1995): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00015-z.

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35

Ruppert, Sonja, and Margaretha Bågedahl-Strindlund. "Children of Parapartum Mentally Ill Mothers: A Follow-Up Study." Psychopathology 34, no. 4 (2001): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000049303.

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36

Dreier, Mona Preminger, and Melissa Gordon Lewis. "Support and Psychoeducation for Parents of Hospitalized Mentally Ill Children." Health & Social Work 16, no. 1 (February 1991): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/16.1.11.

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37

Bender, Eve. "Workshop Prepares Aging Parents To Provide for Mentally Ill Children." Psychiatric News 39, no. 16 (August 20, 2004): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.39.16.0390006.

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38

Dam, Kristianna, and Elisabeth OC Hall. "Childhood experiences pursue adulthood for better and worse: a qualitative study of adults' experiences after growing up with a severely mentally ill parent in a small-scale society." Journal of Research in Nursing 25, no. 6-7 (September 2020): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987120942272.

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Background Growing up with a severely mentally ill parent can impact on subsequent adult life, and it can be extra challenging in a society with a small population, known as a small-scale society. Life in a small-scale society is characterised by multiple close relationships, lack of anonymity and a conservative attitude towards normal behaviour. Aims To look at the impact of growing up with a mentally ill parent on adult life in a small-scale society. Methods Data from semistructured interviews with 11 adult children of severely mentally ill parents were reanalysed and subjected to secondary analysis. Results The additional analysis resulted in four central themes: ‘becoming open and courageous’, ‘seeking and giving help’, ‘feeling uncertain and different’ and ‘being resilient and sensitive’. These were conflated into an overarching theme: ‘childhood experiences track into adulthood for better and worse’. The themes elucidate a diverse big picture and encompass positive and challenging features of adult life in a small-scale society. Conclusions The study ends with recommendations for the early establishment of collaboration and family-focused interventions with mentally ill parents and their children.
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Dey, M., R. Paz Castro, S. Haug, and M. P. Schaub. "Quality of life of parents of mentally-ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 5 (August 6, 2018): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000409.

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AbstractAimsTo examine the quality of life (QOL) of parents of children with a specific mental disorder (any age).MethodsRelevant articles were searched using different databases. Articles were included that compared the QOL of parents with mentally-ill children to parents of healthy controls or norm values or provided the required data for this comparison. A meta-analysis was conducted to obtain an overall mean effect size estimate. Additional analyses were performed to assess publication bias and moderation.ResultsTwenty-six out of 10 548 articles met the pre-defined inclusion criteria. Most of these studies focused on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder, used clinical samples that mainly included males and young children and studied the QOL of mothers. The meta-analysis revealed that parents of mentally-ill children are experiencing a clinically relevant reduction in their QOL relative to parents of healthy children and norm values (g = −0.66).ConclusionsThe compromised QOL of parents of mentally-ill children needs to be considered and addressed by health professionals who are in contact with them. The paper provides insights into existing research gaps and suggests improvements for subsequent work.
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Jelkic, Milica, Gordana Mandic-Gajic, Zvezdana Stojanovic, Milan Djokic, Aleksandar Eror, and Ksenija Kolundzija. "The characteristics of family functioning with mentally ill children and adolescents." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 1 (2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160426283j.

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Background/Aim. The family functioning and characteristics are the major risk factors in the genesis and persistence of mental disorders in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of functioning of family with mentally ill children and adolescents. Methods. This study explored 47 families with a child/adolescent suffering from mental disorders and 47 families of age matched healthy children/adolescents. The socio-demographic questionnaire, Social Adaptation Self-evaluation scale (SASS) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III) (Olson, 1983) were completed by parents. Results. For all three FACES III dimensions multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed significant differences between groups ( Wilks ? = .887; F = 3.839; df = 3; p = 0.012). Univariate analysis results showed significant differences for cohesiveness F = 6.99 p = 0.001 and adaptability F = 10.07 p = 0 .001. The analysis of the social adaption (SASS) assessment showed that the mean score for clinical vs. non-clinical group was 39.66 ? 6.82 vs. 38.06 ? 8.44 without significant difference between groups (p = 0.32). The families of mentally ill children showed frequently lower socioeconomic status and education level, higher number of children per family, and broken home. Conclusion. The results suggested that cohesiveness and adaptability were significantly more prominent among families with mentaly ill children, but adaptation was similar to families with healthy children. It would be useful to evaluate adaptability, cohesiveness and adaptation of primary families when planning prevention and rehabillitation of mentally ill children and adolescent.
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Wiegand-Grefe, Silke, Marlit Sell, Bonnie Filter, and Angela Plass-Christl. "Family Functioning and Psychological Health of Children with Mentally Ill Parents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071278.

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Parental mental illness can be linked to reduced family functioning, which is associated with more conflicts, less adaptability and cohesion as well as a disorganized pattern of everyday planning. Concurrently, family functioning is an important moderator for the influence of parental mental disorders on the development of the children. Consequently, the current study addresses the correlation of family functioning in families with mentally ill parents and the psychological health of the children. The sample consists of 67 mentally ill parents. Both parents and therapists completed questionnaires related to family functioning and the psychological health of the children. Family functioning was rated as dysfunctional in 38% of the families. The psychological health of the children was classified as clinical or subclinical in 43% of the cases. 52% of the children were rated to have no psychological problems. In families with good family functioning, children were assessed to have less psychological problems than in families with poor functioning. Children outside the clinical range lived in families with good family functioning and vice versa. Significant positive correlations were found between the FB-A scales, the CBCL/4-18 syndrome scales and the CBCL/4–18 total score. Results indicate that family functioning and psychological health of children in families with mentally ill parents correlate closely and represent potential targets for future family interventions.
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Chakrabartty, Arupkumar, Pampa Basu, Aditi K. Sarkar, and Kazi M. Ali. "Barriers of HIV testing among mentally ill persons in mental healthcare settings." HIV & AIDS Review 2 (2017): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2017.68832.

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Erickson, Richard C. "Applications of Cognitive Testing to Group Therapies with the Chronically Mentally Ill." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 39, no. 2 (April 1989): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.1989.11491161.

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George, Shoba. "Children of Mentally Ill Parents- What they Need to be Taught." Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 4, no. 1 (2015): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jpn.2277.9035.4115.2.

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Scharer, Kathleen. "An Internet Discussion Board for Parents of Mentally Ill Young Children." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2005.00006.x.

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Moran, Mark. "Prescribing for Mentally Ill Children Generally in Line With Best Practices." Psychiatric News 48, no. 17 (August 27, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2013.8b9.

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Heitmann, Dieter, Miriam Schmuhl, Anke Reinisch, and Ullrich Bauer. "Primary prevention for children of mentally ill parents: the Kanu-program." Journal of Public Health 20, no. 2 (October 6, 2011): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-011-0447-x.

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Rimehaug, T. "Parents of mentally ill children – a non-clinical group in clinics?" Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.357.

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Bibou-Nakou, I. "Helping Teachers to Help Children Living with a Mentally Ill Parent." School Psychology International 25, no. 1 (February 2004): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034304041502.

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Boenisch-Alert, S., K. Holtz, A. G. Müller, M. Schützwohl, U. Hegerl, and R. D. Kocalevent. "FC06-04 - “Help-s for children” - results of a multicentre study about the situation of families with a mentally ill parent." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73547-7.

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Introduction26.5% of psychiatric patients in Germany have minor children. More than half of these children have specific needs, which are seldom met.Objectives/aimsTo examine problems, needs and used interventions for families with a mentally ill parent in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. The study focused on outpatients and included mothers and fathers and all psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe asked all psychiatrists in the federal state of Saxony to take part in our study. All patients with minor children who came to one of the 58 participating psychiatrist's practices at an appointed date were asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire including sociodemographic data, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), specific needs, used interventions and reasons for not using interventions. The questionnaire was developed using data from 26 expert interviews.Results128 psychiatric outpatients took part in our study (78% female). The most common diagnoses were depression and anxiety disorders. More than 40% of the patients rated their children in the SDQ in an abnormal or borderline range. 22% of the children have been treated because of emotional or behavioural problems. Reasons not to use interventions were missing knowledge and fear of stigmatisation.ConclusionsHELP-S for children is the first study which examines the situation of children with a mentally ill parent in an outpatient setting. Therefore, our results are an improvement in research in the field of families with a mentally ill parent and heading towards the improvement of care.
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