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Di Bono, Maria Grazia, Marco Casarotti, Konstantinos Priftis, Lucia Gava, Carlo Umiltà, and Marco Zorzi. "Priming the mental time line." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 38, no. 4 (August 2012): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028346.
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Arzy, Shahar, Esther Adi-Japha, and Olaf Blanke. "The mental time line: An analogue of the mental number line in the mapping of life events." Consciousness and Cognition 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2009.05.007.
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Bonato, Mario, Marco Zorzi, and Carlo Umiltà. "When time is space: Evidence for a mental time line." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 36, no. 10 (November 2012): 2257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.007.
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Winter, Bodo, and Sarah E. Duffy. "Can co-speech gestures alone carry the mental time line?" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 46, no. 9 (September 2020): 1768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000836.
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Hartmann, Matthias, Corinna S. Martarelli, Fred W. Mast, and Kurt Stocker. "Eye movements during mental time travel follow a diagonal line." Consciousness and Cognition 30 (November 2014): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.09.007.
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Rolke, Bettina, Susana Ruiz Fernández, Mareike Schmid, Matthias Walker, Martin Lachmair, Juan José Rahona López, Gonzalo Hervás, and Carmelo Vázquez. "Priming the mental time-line: effects of modality and processing mode." Cognitive Processing 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2013): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-013-0537-5.
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Anelli, Filomena, Elisa Ciaramelli, Shahar Arzy, and Francesca Frassinetti. "Age-Related Effects on Future Mental Time Travel." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1867270.
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Mental time travel (MTT), the ability to travel mentally back and forward in time in order to reexperience past events and preexperience future events, is crucial in human cognition. As we move along life, MTT may be changed accordingly. However, the relation between re- and preexperiencing along the lifespan is still not clear. Here, young and older adults underwent a psychophysical paradigm assessing two different components of MTT: self-projection, which is the ability to project the self towards a past or a future location of the mental time line, and self-reference, which is the ability to determine whether events are located in the past or future in reference to that given self-location. Aged individuals performed worse in both self-projection to the future and self-reference to future events compared to young individuals. In addition, aging decreased older adults’ preference for personal compared to nonpersonal events. These results demonstrate the impact of MTT and self-processing on subjective time processing in healthy aging. Changes in memory functions in aged people may therefore be related not only to memory per se, but also to the relations of memory and self.
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Droit-Volet, Sylvie, and Jennifer Coull. "The Developmental Emergence of the Mental Time-Line: Spatial and Numerical Distortion of Time Judgement." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2015): e0130465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130465.
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Blau, Gary, John DiMino, Iris Abreu, and Kayla LeLeux-LaBarge. "Testing the Impact of Counseling over Time on Non-Urgent Undergraduate Life Satisfaction." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 7, no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v7n2p59.
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Data for non-urgent undergraduate clients at a University Counseling Center (UCC) were collected using on-line surveys over three time-periods. Despite the expected diminishing number of participants over time, within-time correlations generally showed that level of mental distress and mental health concerns were negatively related to life satisfaction, while self-esteem was positively related. Using a smaller sample of matched-over-three time-periods clients, levels of mental distress and mental health concerns significantly declined, while life satisfaction significantly increased. The strongest changes for this complete data sample were found from Time 1 to Time 3 for reduced mental health concerns and increased life satisfaction. These findings reinforce that additional counseling sessions for undergraduates may be beneficial, and that spreading these sessions out may also be useful. Scientifically demonstrating to higher-level University administration that a UCC can help undergraduates in distress should ideally help the UCC to increase its allocation of university-based resources.
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Oliveri, Massimiliano, Giacomo Koch, Silvia Salerno, Sara Torriero, Emanuele Lo Gerfo, and Carlo Caltagirone. "Representation of time intervals in the right posterior parietal cortex: Implications for a mental time line." NeuroImage 46, no. 4 (July 2009): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.042.
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Saunder, Lorna. "On-line role play in mental health education." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 11, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-07-2015-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore a method of incorporating on-line role play in mental health nursing education. Recreation of meaningful and realistic simulations for mental health nurses is challenging. Examination of the literature reveals there is a gap in the provision of simulations that replicate practice, encourage the development of skills and promote responsibility. Those that exist may require significant investment in complex technologies or a high degree of planning and time commitment. Design/methodology/approach – An evaluation of a pedagogical design that used an on-line survey to gather responses and thematic analysis was undertaken. Findings – The findings identified that students engaged with the case leading to a realistic experience of case management and development of professional communication skills. Research limitations/implications – This evaluation could be expanded further to a more formal study examining the students’ emotional responses and learning as they progress through the activity. Practical implications – The activity outlined in this paper demonstrates that a relatively simple approach can result in deep learning whereby the student can fully experience the role of a qualified practitioner. This model could easily be adopted by other higher education institutions or as a part of continuing professional development. Originality/value – This paper combines previously researched methods of providing role play to mental health nursing students. It has addressed the critiques of other methodologies such as being time consuming, expensive or lacking in realism. The end product, is low cost, manageable from the lecturers perspective and delivers important learning outcomes to the students.
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Hartmann, Matthias, and Fred W. Mast. "Moving along the mental time line influences the processing of future related words." Consciousness and Cognition 21, no. 3 (September 2012): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.06.015.
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Yang, Wenxing, Jiaqi Dong, Ruidan Bi, Jian Gu, and Xueqin Feng. "Cross-cultural differences in mental representations of diagonal time lines." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 20, no. 2 (December 8, 2022): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00115.yan.
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Abstract Accumulating evidence over the last two decades has established that people represent elapsing time along a horizontal or a vertical mental time line (MTL). A recent research (Hartmann et al., 2014) discovered an additional diagonal MTL which develops from bottom left to top right. The present study sought to extend Hartmann et al.’s (2014) work by exploring if the particular representations of diagonal time lines vary across cultures. Two experiments which recruited English and Arabic speakers as participants were conducted. The experimental setups measured participants’ space-time mappings along the bottom-left/top-right, top-left/bottom-right, bottom-right/top-left and top-right/bottom-left axes. Converging evidence demonstrates that there are indeed cross-cultural differences in mental representations of diagonal time lines. While English speakers displayed a salient propensity to conceive of time as oriented from bottom left to top right, Arabic speakers favored a time line unfolding from bottom right to top left. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate if diagonal MTLs are cross-culturally represented. Findings of the present study add to existing literature by highlighting the important role of cultural artifacts such as writing direction in structuring people’s MTLs. Writing directions not only bring about cross-cultural discrepancies in space-time associations along the horizontal axis (e.g., left-to-right for English speakers and right-to-left for Arabic speakers), but also affect the creation of culturally specific concepts of diagonal time lines.
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Ansuini, Caterina, Andrea Cavallo, Lorenzo Pia, and Cristina Becchio. "The Role of Perspective in Mental Time Travel." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3052741.
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Recent years have seen accumulating evidence for the proposition that people process time by mapping it onto a linear spatial representation and automatically “project” themselves on an imaginedmental time line. Here, we ask whether people can adopt the temporal perspective of another person when travelling through time. To elucidate similarities and differences between time travelling from one’s own perspective or from the perspective of another person, we asked participants to mentally project themselves or someone else (i.e., a coexperimenter) to different time points. Three basic properties of mental time travel were manipulated: temporal location (i.e., where in time the travel originates: past, present, and future), motion direction (either backwards or forwards), and temporal duration (i.e., the distance to travel: one, three, or five years). We found that time travels originating in the present lasted longer in the self- than in the other-perspective. Moreover, for self-perspective, but not for other-perspective, time was differently scaled depending on where in time the travel originated. In contrast, when considering the direction and the duration of time travelling, no dissimilarities between the self- and the other-perspective emerged. These results suggest that self- and other-projection, despite some differences, share important similarities in structure.
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Feldman, Anat, and Andrea Berger. "Development of the Mental Number Line Representation of Numbers 0–10 and Its Relationship to Mental Arithmetic." Brain Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030335.
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The internal representation of numbers on the mental number line (MNL) was demonstrated by performing the computerized version of the number-to-position (CNP) task on a touchscreen while restricting response time. We found that the estimation pattern is best fit by a sigmoid function, further denoted as the “sigmoidal model”. Two developmental leaps occurring during elementary school were recognized: (1) the division of the number line into two segments and (2) consistent use of different anchor points on the number line—the left endpoint in first grade, the right endpoint in second grade, and finally the midpoint in third grade. Additionally, when examining the differences between the breakpoints, we found that first graders demonstrated a breakpoint close to 6, which linearly decreased over the years until stabilizing close to 5. The relation between the ability to place individual numbers on a number line and performance of mental arithmetic showed that the consistent use of anchor points correlated significantly with faster responses in mental arithmetic.
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Ouellet, Marc, Julio Santiago, Ziv Israeli, and Shai Gabay. "Is the Future the Right Time?" Experimental Psychology 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000036.
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Spanish and English speakers tend to conceptualize time as running from left to right along a mental line. Previous research suggests that this representational strategy arises from the participants’ exposure to a left-to-right writing system. However, direct evidence supporting this assertion suffers from several limitations and relies only on the visual modality. This study subjected to a direct test the reading hypothesis using an auditory task. Participants from two groups (Spanish and Hebrew) differing in the directionality of their orthographic system had to discriminate temporal reference (past or future) of verbs and adverbs (referring to either past or future) auditorily presented to either the left or right ear by pressing a left or a right key. Spanish participants were faster responding to past words with the left hand and to future words with the right hand, whereas Hebrew participants showed the opposite pattern. Our results demonstrate that the left-right mapping of time is not restricted to the visual modality and that the direction of reading accounts for the preferred directionality of the mental time line. These results are discussed in the context of a possible mechanism underlying the effects of reading direction on highly abstract conceptual representations.
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Cammaerts, Roger, and Marie-Claire Cammaerts. "Ants’ Mental Positioning of Amounts on a Number Line." International Journal of Biology 12, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n1p30.
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Myrmica sabuleti ants have a mental number line on which numbers (non-symbolic displayed amounts) are ranked, the smaller on the left and the larger on the right. Here we try to know if the difference between two successive numbers is identically estimated all along this line or is less and less well estimated with increasing number magnitude. Ants were trained to distinguish two successive numbers differing by one unit (1 vs 2, 2 vs 3, …, 6 vs 7) during 72 hours and tested after 7, 24, 31, 48, 55 and 72 h. The ants responded less well for larger numbers (e.g. their response to 6 vs 7 was weaker than that to 1 vs 2). The relation between the ants’ ability in discriminating two successive numbers according to their size, ratio or relative difference was best described by a non-linear, power function and somewhat less well by a logarithmic function. A linear function could only significantly better fit the data when large fluctuations in the ants’ discrimination score appeared in the course of increasing training time. The ants’ mental positioning of numerosity on their number line appears thus to be compressed along a non-linear scale, most likely according to a power function of the numbers’ magnitude characteristics.
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Cammaerts, Roger, and Marie-Claire Cammaerts. "Ants’ Mental Positioning of Amounts on a Number Line." International Journal of Biology 12, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n1p34.
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Myrmica sabuleti ants have a mental number line on which numbers (non-symbolic displayed amounts) are ranked, the smaller on the left and the larger on the right. Here we try to know if the difference between two successive numbers is identically estimated all along this line or is less and less well estimated with increasing number magnitude. Ants were trained to distinguish two successive numbers differing by one unit (1 vs 2, 2 vs 3, …, 6 vs 7) during 72 hours and tested after 7, 24, 31, 48, 55 and 72 h. The ants responded less well for larger numbers (e.g. their response to 6 vs 7 was weaker than that to 1 vs 2). The relation between the ants’ ability in discriminating two successive numbers according to their size, ratio or relative difference was best described by a non-linear, power function and somewhat less well by a logarithmic function. A linear function could only significantly better fit the data when large fluctuations in the ants’ discrimination score appeared in the course of increasing training time. The ants’ mental positioning of numerosity on their number line appears thus to be compressed along a non-linear scale, most likely according to a power function of the numbers’ magnitude characteristics.
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Cammaerts, Roger, and Marie-Claire Cammaerts. "Ants’ Mental Positioning of Amounts on a Number Line." International Journal of Biology 12, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n1p35.
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Myrmica sabuleti ants have a mental number line on which numbers (non-symbolic displayed amounts) are ranked, the smaller on the left and the larger on the right. Here we try to know if the difference between two successive numbers is identically estimated all along this line or is less and less well estimated with increasing number magnitude. Ants were trained to distinguish two successive numbers differing by one unit (1 vs 2, 2 vs 3, …, 6 vs 7) during 72 hours and tested after 7, 24, 31, 48, 55 and 72 h. The ants responded less well for larger numbers (e.g. their response to 6 vs 7 was weaker than that to 1 vs 2). The relation between the ants’ ability in discriminating two successive numbers according to their size, ratio or relative difference was best described by a non-linear, power function and somewhat less well by a logarithmic function. A linear function could only significantly better fit the data when large fluctuations in the ants’ discrimination score appeared in the course of increasing training time. The ants’ mental positioning of numerosity on their number line appears thus to be compressed along a non-linear scale, most likely according to a power function of the numbers’ magnitude characteristics.
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Marin, Dario, Marco Pitteri, Alessandro Della Puppa, Francesca Meneghello, Emanuele Biasutti, Konstantinos Priftis, and Antonino Vallesi. "Mental time line distortion in right-brain-damaged patients: Evidence from a dynamic spatiotemporal task." Neuropsychology 30, no. 3 (March 2016): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000211.
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Rinaldi, Luca, Francesca Locati, Laura Parolin, Nicolò F. Bernardi, and Luisa Girelli. "Walking on a mental time line: Temporal processing affects step movements along the sagittal space." Cortex 78 (May 2016): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.02.013.
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Moray, Neville, Burhan Turksen, Paul Aidie, David Drascic, Paul Eisen, Eugene Kruschelnicky, Laura Money, Harry Schonert, and Craig Thornton. "Progress in Mental Workload Measurement." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 11 (September 1986): 1121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001119.
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Two new techniques are described, one using subjective, the other physiological data for the measurement of workload in complex tasks. The subjective approach uses fuzzy measurement to analyse and predict the difficulty of combinations of skill based and rule based behaviour from the difficulty of skill based behaviour and rule based behaviour measured separately. The physiological technique offers an on-line real-time filter for measuring the Mulder signal at 0.1 Hz in the heart rate variability spectrum.
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Stefkova, G., and M. Zamboriova. "Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic." Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 12, no. 5 (December 11, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_12_5_0.
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Introduction. At the end of 2019, China was hit by adisease with pandemic potential. It was anew coronavirus, also called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the situation apandemic. Those most at risk were people with metabolic syndrome, men- tally ill and the elderly. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have become amonitored issue in the context of mental illnesses. The COVID-19 pandemic, metabolic syn- drome, and mental health have become interrelated. The num- ber of mental illnesses has grown exponentially around the world, having affected several age groups. Methodology. Asearch and selection of articles from the on- line scientific database WOS through bibliometric analysis, using the keywords "COVID-19", "metabolic syndrome","mental illnesses" in the period from 2020 to 2021 to present the relationships between metabolic syndrome and mental ill- nesses during the COVID - 19 pandemic. Conclusion. In the area of publications, the issue of depression during the COVID - 19 pandemic was the most watched topic. Ahigher incidence of metabolic syndrome or its components has been reported in patients suffering from mental illnesses.
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Noby, S. "National Mental Health Platform in Egypt, Revolution of Mental Health Services." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1471.
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Introduction The General Secretariat of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment is a governmental body dedicated to the provision of mental health services in Ministry of Health in Egypt. Moreover, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt, on line, advice tips, and counseling through the hotline services have became available through social media sites the past few months. Such digital remote MH services were very much welcomed by social media users. In the same time, for mental health professionals, the opportunity to provide help in this time of crisis – without an in-person consultation – was very desirable. In addition to the prevailing stigma of MH condition in the Egyptian culture, which this remote approach overcome it. Effective innovations in the field of mental health have the potential to change the face of mental health care, not only during pandemics but also in routine daily life. Objectives 1. Develop a National strategy for E-Mental Health in Egypt. 2. Develop the National mental health platform as a universal implementation tool. Methods This project conducted in collaboration with WHO in Egypt, It run in 3 phases: Strategy, planning and infrastructure: include needs assessment and software development. Finalizing infrastructure, adaptation of the content Deployment: include training of the service providers on the usage of the adapted M.H platform, launching and advocacy. Results Development of E-Mental Health strategy, Development of National Mental Health Platform, Training of 50 therapists on digital mental health services. Conclusions National Mental Health Platform is the future road of mental health services in Egypt Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Petrovski, Mihajlo, Svetlana Jovevska, and Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska. "POSITION OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN IN CORELATION WITH THE LOWER PREMOLARS: A PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY." Teacher of the future 31, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3104889p.
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Background: Evaluation of the position of foramen mentale has great significance and it is very important aids in endodontic, oral-surgical, periodontal interventions, as well as diagnostic procedures. Thus, in view of this, the present study was conducted among the population in North Macedonia, to determine the most common location of the mental foramen and to estimate difference in position of foramen mentale in correlation with the second lower premolar teeth. The mental foramen is an opening located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars. Radiographically the foramen mentale can be as an oval or round radiolucent zone in the inferior part of corpus mandible on lateral sides, on the left and right side. Panoramic radiographs are the most commonly used extra-oral radiographic aids in dentistry since they provide a rapid and wide picture of mandible and the maxilla in the same time. This technique allows the adequate localization of foramen mentale. The main aim of study is to evaluate the position of the mental foramen and its relationship with mandibular premolars among the population in Republic of North Macedonia Material and method: A total number of 250 panoramic radiographs were evaluated for the positioning of the mental foramen. When assessing the position of the mental foramen, its position is determined in relation with the mandibular premolars and the mandibular median line. All radiographic images in which can not be localized and confirmed the presence of the mental aperture was also excluded from the examination. The examination was performed on a negatoscope if it is classical panoramic x-ray or adequate software used for digital panoramic x-rays. If necessary, magnification was used for magnification of the images. The relationship of foramen mentale with the lower premolars was given according to the following classification: (1) if the position of foramen mentale is distally from the line that passes between the second premolar and the first molar in the lower jaw-first class; (2) if the position of foramen mentale is between the vertical central axis of the second premolar and the passing line between the second premolar and the first molar in the lower jaw- second class; (3) if the position of the foramen mentale is between the vertical axis of the second premolar and the line passing between the first and second premolars in the lower jaw- third class; (4) if the position of foramen mentale is between the line that passes between the first and second premolars in the lower jaw and the vertical central axis of the first premolar-fourth class and if the position of foramen mentale is mesially from the vertical center axis of the first premolar- fifth class. Results: On the basis of the data from our research, it is noted that in near 60%, foramen mentale is positioned between the roots of the first and second lower premolars. The most common position for foramen mentale is the third class (which means that foramen mentale is between the vertical axis of the second premolar and the line passing between the first and second premolars in the lower jaw). Conclusion: In conclusion, the present results showed variations in position of foramen mentale. So it must be noted that local differences in foramen mentale position may occur in a population. This variability should alert the oral surgeons while performing oral surgical and periodontal interventions. If the studies related to variations in the position of foramen mentale are carried out in larger numbers, this data will be reliable for dental medicine clinicians, and with this type of information the possibility of complications will be minimized.
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Aliberti, Sara, and Gaetano Raiola. "Effects of Line Dancing on Mental Health in Seniors after COVID-19 Pandemic." Education Sciences 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110677.
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Line dancing is one of the most practiced dance styles by adults and seniors due to the ease of execution of choreography. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic prolonging the restrictions of physical and sports activities, the elderly population has been forced into increased sedentariness and social isolation, resulting in the development of symptoms of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of line dancing practice on the mental state of late second- and third-age dancers. The sample consisted of 14 Italian female dancers with an average age of 65 years old. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to verify whether 3 months of LD classes were able to produce improvements. Paired Samples T-Test and effect size were performed to test the difference between pre- and post-training protocol. The result was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Dancers improved their state of depression; in particular, they felt a better satisfaction in their life (d = 0.6), a greater interest in activities (d = 1), less boredom (d = 0.8), a good mood most of the time (d = 0.8), greater happiness throughout the day (d = 0.7), and the perception of a wonderful life (d = 0.5). Line dancing has proven to be an effective physical activity for improving the state of depression in late second- and third-age dancers.
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SACKS, JO ANN Y., ROBERT E. DRAKE, VALERIE F. WILLIAMS, STEVEN M. BANKS, and JAMES M. HERRELL. "UTILITY OF THE TIME-LINE FOLLOW-BACK TO ASSESS SUBSTANCE USE AMONG HOMELESS ADULTS." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191, no. 3 (March 2003): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000054930.03048.64.
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Miller, Kirsty, Juliet Wakefield, and Fabio Sani. "Identification with the school predicts better mental health amongst high school students over time." Educational and Child Psychology 35, no. 2 (September 2018): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2018.35.2.21.
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AimThe aim of the current study was to investigate, in line with the ‘Social Cure’ tradition, whether identification with various groups (including the family, school and friends) predicted better psychological wellbeing amongst high school students. While previous research had shown there was a relationship between identification with these groups and mental health in adolescents, this work was cross-sectional, meaning that the direction of the relationship could not be established. The further aim of the current study was therefore to investigate these relationships over time.MethodData were collected via self-report questionnaires from 409 pupils in several Scottish high schools. We measured students’ mental wellbeing via the GHQ-12 questionnaire, as well as identification with their family, school and friend groups.FindingsOf the three groups investigated, only school identification predicted psychological wellbeing over time, indicating that educational practitioners are in a unique position to influence young people’s mental health. Furthermore, the finding that school identification predicts mental health over time supports the theory presented in the social cure literature: that group identification predicts mental wellbeing.LimitationsA potential limitation was the use of self-report questionnaires. However, we feel that the strict policy of anonymity will have reduced socially desirable responses.ConclusionThe findings highlight the importance of the school for young people’s mental health. Future research and interventions should consider the importance of identification with the school when attempting to enhance young people’s mental wellbeing.
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Landin-Ramos, Melissa, Sumit Yadav, Vaibhav Gandhi, Madhur Upadhyay, and Aditya Tadinada. "Is there a relationship between mandibular cortical bone thickness and orthodontic treatment time?" Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012220-42.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To determine whether there was a correlation between patients' bone thickness and time spent in orthodontic treatment. The secondary aim was to study the influence of Angle classification, extraction treatment, and age on overall treatment duration. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, records of 971 orthodontic patients from two centers were reviewed and 500 subjects were included after imposing inclusion/exclusion criteria. The Mental Index was used to determine patients' bone density. For the Mental Index, a line perpendicular to the inferior border of the mandible was drawn on a panoramic radiograph so that it intersected the inferior border of the mental foramen. The mandibular cortical thickness was measured along this line. Two-sample t-test or a chi-square test, followed by multiple linear regression, were used to identify the factors affecting treatment duration. Results Mandibular cortical thickness was negatively associated with treatment time for all subjects (P < .05). After adjusting for covariables, it remained significant for center-1, but non-significant for center-2 subjects. Angle Class II and Class III malocclusion, extraction therapy, and age had significant positive correlations with treatment duration (P < .05). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between the mandibular cortical thickness and orthodontic treatment duration. An extraction treatment plan and treatment of Angle Class II and Class III malocclusions significantly increase the duration of orthodontic treatment. Additionally, patients over 12 years of age have shorter treatment times compared to patients under 12 years of age.
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Silva, Edilaine Cristina da, Antonia Regina Ferreira Furegato, and Simone de Godoy. "Clinical case studies in mental health by means of the on-line discussion." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, no. 3 (June 2008): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000300015.
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This descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative design aimed to describe and analyze discussions in online chats about mental disorders in a psychiatric nursing course as part of an undergraduate nursing program. The sample consisted of 32 undergraduate students who attended the course. Data analysis showed that the discussions through online chat sessions permeated the acquisition of knowledge, procedures, attitudes and values and promoted students' active participation. The results reaffirm the discussions' importance for students' learning and showed the potential of technology resources, such as real-time communication tools, to support and improve teaching possibilities in psychiatric nursing.
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Jefsen, Oskar, Kristoffer Højgaard, Sofie Laage Christiansen, Betina Elfving, David John Nutt, Gregers Wegener, and Heidi Kaastrup Müller. "Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 04 (May 20, 2019): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2019.15.
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AbstractObjective:Psilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric illnesses. We investigated whether the administration of psilocybin had an antidepressant-like effect in a rat model of depression.Methods:Using the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression, we assessed the antidepressant-like effect of psilocin and psilocybin, measured as a reduction in immobility time in the forced swim test (FST). We measured locomotor activity in an open field test (OFT) to control for stimulant properties of the drugs. We performed a set of experiments to test different doses, treatment paradigms, and timing of the tests in relation to the drug administration.Results:Psilocin and psilocybin showed no effect on immobility, struggling, or swimming behaviour in the FST and no effect on locomotor activity in the OFT. FSL rats did show significantly more immobility than their control strain, the Flinders Resistant Line, as expected.Conclusion:Psilocin and psilocybin showed no antidepressant-like effect in the FSL rats, despite a positive effect in humans. This suggests that other animal models of depression and other behavioural tests may be more appropriate for translational studies in the effects of psilocybin.
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Russell, Vincent, Ching Ee Loo, Aisling Walsh, Arokiamary Bharathy, Umadevi Vasudevan, Irene Looi, and Susan M. Smith. "Clinician perceptions of common mental disorders before and after implementation of a consultation-liaison psychiatry service: a longitudinal qualitative study in government-operated primary care settings in Penang, Malaysia." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e043923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043923.
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ObjectivesTo explore primary care clinician perceptions of barriers and facilitators in delivering care for common mental disorders (CMD) before and after implementation of a consultation-liaison psychiatry service (Psychiatry in Primary Care (PIPC)) in government-operated primary care clinics and to explore the clinicians’ experience of the PIPC service itself.DesignThis longitudinal qualitative study was informed by the Normalisation Process Model and involved audiotaped semi-structured individual interviews with front-line clinicians before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) the PIPC intervention. The Framework Method was used in the thematic analysis of pre/post interview transcripts.SettingTwo government-operated primary care clinics in Penang, Malaysia.Participants17 primary care medical, nursing and allied health staff recruited purposely to achieve a range of disciplines and a balanced representation from both clinics.InterventionPsychiatrists, accompanied by medical students in small numbers, provided one half-day consultation visit per week, to front-line clinicians in each clinic over an 8-month period. The service involved psychiatric assessment of patients with suspected CMDs, with face-to-face discussion with the referring clinician before and after the patient assessment.ResultsAt Time 1 interviewees tended to equate CMDs with stress and embraced a holistic model of care while also reporting considerable autonomy in mental healthcare and positively appraising their current practices. At Time 2, post-intervention, participants demonstrated a shift towards greater understanding of CMDs as treatable conditions. They reported time pressures and the demands of key performance indicators in other areas as barriers to participation in PIPC. Yet they showed increased awareness of current service deficits and of their potential in delivering improved mental healthcare.ConclusionsDespite resource-related and structural barriers to implementation of national mental health policy in Malaysian primary care settings, our findings suggest that front-line clinicians are receptive to future interventions designed to improve the mental healthcare capacity.
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PERETZ, ISABELLE, NATHALIE GOSSELIN, BARBARA TILLMANN, LOLA L. CUDDY, BENOİİT GAGNON, CHRISTOPHER G. TRIMMER, SÉÉBASTIEN PAQUETTE, and BERNARD BOUCHARD. "ON-LINE IDENTIFICATION OF CONGENITAL AMUSIA." Music Perception 25, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2008.25.4.331.
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RECENTLY, WE POINTED OUT THAT A SMALL number of individuals fail to acquire basic musical abilities, and that these deficiencies might have neuronal and genetic underpinnings. Such a musical disorder is now termed "congenital amusia," an umbrella term for lifelong musical disabilities that cannot be attributed to mental retardation, deafness, or lack of exposure. Congenital amusia is a condition that is estimated to affect 4% of the general population. Despite this relatively high prevalence, cases of congenital amusia have been difficult to identify.We present here a novel on-line test that can be used to identify such cases in 15 minutes, provided that the cohort of the participant is taken into account. The results also confirm that congenital amusia is typically expressed by a deficit in perceiving musical pitch but not musical time.
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Burns, Richard A., Peter Butterworth, and Dimity A. Crisp. "Age, sex and period estimates of Australia’s mental health over the last 17 years." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 6 (November 21, 2019): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419888289.
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Objective: Describing the long-term mental health of Australians is limited as many reports rely on cross-sectional studies which fail to account for within-person changes and age-related developmental processes which may bias estimates which ignore these phenomena. We examined the 17-year trajectories of mental health in 27,519 Australian adults. Methods: Household panel data of 27,519 participants aged 18 years and over from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey provided at least one observation of mental health over a 17-year period from 2001. On average, participants reported 7.6 observations. Mental Health was assessed annually using the Short-Form Health Survey-36 mental health scale. Results: Over time, there were only very small changes in mental health and only for the youngest and oldest adults. Over time, there was consistent evidence for better metal health with increasing age, although for the very old, there appear to be substantial declines. These patterns were consistent between sex. In line with an existing literature, males reported better mental health over life span, although the declines of mental health in very-late-life are particularly pronounced for males. Conclusion: Decline in mental health was only reported by the youngest and oldest respondents, and was notable only in the last 4–5 years. However, the magnitude of the decline was small and further follow-up will be needed to determine whether this is a trend of substantive declining mental health for these specific age cohorts. In contrast, the more consistent finding is that there has been no substantive change in the level of mental health in Australia over the last 17 years. Analysis of the mental health trajectories of baseline age-cohorts confirmed that age differences are consistent over time.
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Mehta, Akshaj, Anshuja Sing, and Sumita Mehta. "Increased Screen Time During the Pandemic: Lessons Learnt." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230101.
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The pandemic of COVID-19 has led to change in the mode of learning to a virtual platform. This has resulted in an increase in screen time for students which has affected their overall health. The study was undertaken to assess the impact of increased screen time on physical and mental health of students across medical colleges of the state of Delhi, India. Material & methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students of Delhi in the month of May 2022. A pre-set questionnaire with 14 questions assessing the physical, mental and emotional health of students was filled online via google forms and 540 responses received were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the study group was 19.9 years and 50.8% of the respondents were males. The average total screen time was between 6 to 7 hours in 34% students. Majority of students (35.9%) spent 5 to 6 hours of their total screen time in attending on-line classes while another 17.9% spent >7 hours on classes daily. 48% students had generalized anxiety disorder and 54.4% students had depressive disorder. 54.2% of the respondents spent <30 minutes on moderate physical activity during the week and 55.8% performed <15 minutes of vigorous exercise. 36% of students had only 5 to 6 hours of sleep daily with another 4% having <4 hours of sleep. Students experienced focussing problems most commonly (49.9%) followed by dry eye (34.9%), eye redness/itching (32.3%), photophobia in 28.1% and increased lacrimation in 19.4%. The study indicated that online mode of learning in medical colleges negatively affected the physical activity, sleeping patterns and mental health of the students. Key words: Online classes, screen time, physical health, mental health, medical students
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Barbato, Mariapaola, Shaikha AlHumairi, Shorouk Nafie, Baraa A. Dhuhair, and Nadia T. Dabbagh. "T31. TIME TO TALK MENTAL HEALTH IN DUBAI: DESCRIBING A SAMPLE OF ADOLESCENT HELP-SEEKERS ACCESSING MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.591.
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Abstract Background Most mental health disorders begin to develop in adolescence and early adulthood. These disorders account for a significant portion of hospitalization and other societal costs. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a rapidly growing population, one-third of which is below 25 years of age. The UAE government has pointed at mental health as one of the areas requiring attention and has approved a strategic plan supporting mental health research, education and promotion with a specific focus on youth (Dubai Mental Health Strategy 2021). The current study represents the first investigation aimed at characterizing youth who access mental health services in the UAE (specifically Dubai). Methods Data was collected retrospectively from child psychiatry case records of inpatients who accessed the Mental Health Clinic at Rashid Hospital between 2011–2016. Patients who received a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders or anxiety disorders were included. From patients’ records, information collected included demographics, life stressors (related to family, friends, health, academic performance, or religion), duration of untreated illness (DUI), family history of mental illness, parents’ age and education, main diagnosis, presence/absence of psychotic features. Demographic information and family history had been acquired from patients and family members at the time of intake. Results The final sample (N=99; Age 12–19) included 47.5% local (UAE national) and 52.5% non-local patients. The frequency of life stressors did not differ across ethnic groups except for relationships with friends, which were less likely to be reported as a source of stress among UAE nationals (χ2=4.35; p=0.04) compared to other nationalities. Suicidal thoughts were less common in patients with psychotic features compared to patients without psychotic features (χ2=4.64; p=0.03). A diagnosis of Depression was more common in females than males (χ2=3.93; p<.05) and was associated with more frequent suicidal thoughts (χ2=23.81; p<0.001) and self-harm behavior (χ2=16.20; p<0.001). Separate ANOVAs were conducted to explore the effect of different variables on DUI: results showed that presence of Psychotic features was associated with shorter DUI (F (1,55) =4.37; p<0.05) while Self-harm was associated with longer DUI (F (1,70) =5.82; p<0.05). Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study attempting to describe youth who access mental health services in the urban multi-cultural context of Dubai. A number of interesting findings were highlighted. Relationships with friends were more likely to represent a source of stress for non-local than local patients, suggesting a possible role of adjustment and social stress in migrant/expatriate youth. Suicidal thoughts were more common in patients diagnosed with depressive disorders (somewhat expected) but less common in patients presenting psychotic features. Patients experiencing psychotic symptoms were accessing mental health services sooner (shorter DUI) compared to patients who did not experience psychotic symptoms, in line with previous literature. Interestingly, patients reporting self-harm behaviors had longer DUI. Several interpretations can be proposed, for example, it is possible that self-harm represented a copying strategy to temporarily “handle” mental illness and delay help seeking in our sample. Studies in support of this and alternative explanations will be discussed. Taken together, our study can be a useful start point to open prevention-focused mental health discussions in the UAE and lead to improved national policies to promote youth wellbeing in the region.
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Gygax, Pascal M., Pascal Wagner-Egger, Ben Parris, Roland Seiler, and Claude-Alain Hauert. "A Psycholinguistic Investigation of Football Players’ Mental Representations of Game Situations: Does Expertise Count?" Swiss Journal of Psychology 67, no. 2 (June 2008): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.67.2.85.
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In order to progress through a competitive sporting event, athletes need to form mental representations of the situations they encounter. In this paper, we present three experiments exploring the mental representations of football players when presented with written material describing football game situations. Experiment 1 assessed off-line processing by having players of different levels generate written football scripts. The results predominantly showed that players of lower expertise were less “other-oriented” and included more emotional elements in their mental representations. Experiments 2a and 2b further explored these differences. Using an on-line measure, a reading-time paradigm, we showed that First Division players’ mental representations more easily included “others” and less readily included emotions, as opposed to both National League and Fifth Division players. Although Fifth Division and National League were similar, different cognitive processes may underlie the construction of the players’ mental representations.
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Zhu, Rongjuan, Yangmei Luo, Xuqun You, and Ziyu Wang. "Spatial Bias Induced by Simple Addition and Subtraction: From Eye Movement Evidence." Perception 47, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617738718.
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The associations between number and space have been intensively investigated. Recent studies indicated that this association could extend to more complex tasks, such as mental arithmetic. However, the mechanism of arithmetic-space associations in mental arithmetic was still a topic of debate. Thus, in the current study, we adopted an eye-tracking technology to investigate whether spatial bias induced by mental arithmetic was related with spatial attention shifts on the mental number line or with semantic link between the operator and space. In Experiment 1, participants moved their eyes to the corresponding response area according to the cues after solving addition and subtraction problems. The results showed that the participants moved their eyes faster to the leftward space after solving subtraction problems and faster to the right after solving addition problems. However, there was no spatial bias observed when the second operand was zero in the same time window, which indicated that the emergence of spatial bias may be associated with spatial attention shifts on the mental number line. In Experiment 2, participants responded to the operator (operation plus and operation minus) with their eyes. The results showed that mere presentation of operator did not cause spatial bias. Therefore, the arithmetic–space associations might be related with the movement along the mental number line.
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Rusconi, Elena, Martynas Dervinis, Frederick Verbruggen, and Christopher D. Chambers. "Critical Time Course of Right Frontoparietal Involvement in Mental Number Space." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (March 2013): 465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00330.
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Neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies suggest that right frontoparietal circuits may be necessary for the processing of mental number space, also known as the mental number line (MNL). Here we sought to specify the critical time course of three nodes that have previously been related to MNL processing: right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC), right FEF (rFEF), and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). The effects of single-pulse TMS delivered at 120% distance-adjusted individual motor threshold were investigated in 21 participants, within a window of 0–400 msec (sampling interval = 33 msec) from the onset of a central digit (1–9, 5 excluded). Pulses were delivered in a random order and with equal probability at each time point, intermixed with noTMS trials. To analyze whether and when TMS interfered with MNL processing, we fitted bimodal Gaussian functions to the observed data and measured effects on changes in the Spatial–Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect (i.e., an advantage for left- over right-key responses to small numbers and right- over left-key responses to large numbers) and in overall performance efficiency. We found that, during magnitude judgment with unimanual key-press responses, TMS reduced the SNARC effect in the earlier period of the fitted functions (∼25–60 msec) when delivered over rFEF (small and large numbers) and rIFG (small numbers); TMS further reduced the SNARC effect for small numbers in a later period when delivered to rFEF (∼200 msec). In contrast, TMS of rPPC did not interfere with the SNARC effect but generally reduced performance for small numbers and enhanced it for large numbers, thus producing a pattern reminiscent of “neglect” in mental number space. Our results confirm the causal role of an intact right frontoparietal network in the processing of mental number space. They also indicate that rPPC is specifically tied to explicit number magnitude processing and that rFEF and rIFG contribute to interfacing mental visuospatial codes with lateralized response codes. Overall, our findings suggest that both ventral and dorsal frontoparietal circuits are causally involved and functionally connected in the mapping of numbers to space.
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Hale, Sandra, and Jennifer Jansen. "Global Processing-Time Coefficients Characterize Individual and Group Differences in Cognitive Speed." Psychological Science 5, no. 6 (November 1994): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00290.x.
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Forty participants performed seven different information processing tasks (choice reaction time, letter classification, visual search, abstract matching, line-length discrimination, mental rotation, and mental paper-folding) Slow (top quartile) and fast (bottom quartile) processors were selected based on their mean z scores Response times (RTs) of the slow and fast groups in the 21 conditions of the seven tasks were linear functions of the mean RTs of the entire group (both r2s = 99) In addition, individuals' RTs were well described by linear functions (median r2 - 93) When tasks were ranked in order of complexity, the odd-even reliability of the ratio of an individual's RT to the average RT was 80, indicating that such ratios remain relatively stable across tasks Taken together, these findings indicate that the performance of an individual on diverse tasks can be predicted on the basis of a single processing-time coefficient Such coefficients may provide useful indices of the efficiency with which different individuals process information
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Masson, Nicolas, Clément Letesson, and Mauro Pesenti. "Time course of overt attentional shifts in mental arithmetic: Evidence from gaze metrics." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 4 (January 1, 2018): 1009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1318931.
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Processing numbers induces shifts of spatial attention in probe detection tasks, with small numbers orienting attention to the left and large numbers to the right side of space. This has been interpreted as supporting the concept of a mental number line with number magnitudes ranging from left to right, from small to large numbers. Recently, the investigation of this spatial-numerical link has been extended to mental arithmetic with the hypothesis that solving addition or subtraction problems might induce attentional displacements, rightward or leftward, respectively. At the neurofunctional level, the activations elicited by the solving of additions have been shown to resemble those induced by rightward eye movements. However, the possible behavioural counterpart of these activations has not yet been observed. Here, we investigated overt attentional shifts with a target detection task primed by addition and subtraction problems (2-digit ± 1-digit operands) in participants whose gaze orientation was recorded during the presentation of the problems and while calculating. No evidence of early overt attentional shifts was observed while participants were hearing the first operand, the operator or the second operand, but they shifted their gaze towards the right during the solving step of addition problems. These results show that gaze shifts related to arithmetic problem solving are elicited during the solving procedure and suggest that their functional role is to access, from the first operand, the representation of the result.
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Kramer, Peter, Paola Bressan, and Massimo Grassi. "The SNARC effect is associated with worse mathematical intelligence and poorer time estimation." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 172362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172362.
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Interactions between the ways we process space, numbers and time may arise from shared and innate generic magnitude representations. Alternatively or concurrently, such interactions could be due to the use of physical magnitudes, like spatial extent, as metaphors for more abstract ones, like number and duration. That numbers might be spatially represented along a mental number line is suggested by the SNARC effect: faster left-side responses to small single digits, like 1 or 2, and faster right-side responses to large ones, like 8 or 9. Previously, we found that time estimation predicts mathematical intelligence and speculated that it may predict spatial ability too. Here, addressing this issue, we test—on a relatively large sample of adults and entirely within subjects—the relationships between (a) time: proficiency at producing and evaluating durations shorter than one second, (b) space: the ability to mentally rotate objects, (c) numbers: mathematical reasoning skills, and (d) space–number associations: the SNARC effect. Better time estimation was linked to greater mathematical intelligence and better spatial skills. Strikingly, however, stronger associations between space and numbers predicted worse mathematical intelligence and poorer time estimation.
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Lucas, Paul A. "Advancing the Line: Increasing Empirical Literature on Justice-Involved Veterans." Criminal Justice Policy Review 28, no. 8 (October 25, 2016): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416673699.
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American veterans have long struggled with the aftereffects of combat exposure, repeated deployments to hostile countries, and extended time spent away from their families and loved ones. Historically, when veterans struggling with issues such as mental illness and substance abuse, which can be related back to their military service, came into contact with the criminal justice system, they were processed without regard to their unique military experience. Beginning in 2008, however, a new type of problem-solving court, veterans’ treatment courts (VTCs), have been increasingly adopted to target justice-involved veterans to address the distinct issues and challenges they face. VTCs are modeled after the successful drug and mental health court models and, as such, utilize therapeutic jurisprudence and effective intervention. However, they have not been subjected to the same amount of scholarly attention the aforementioned courts themselves have. This editorial introduction briefly reviews past and current research on justice-involved veterans and calls for the continued empirical assessment of VTCs to better understand both their impact and the military population they serve.
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Hall, Barry, and Hilde Schlosar. "Repeat Callers and the Samaritan Telephone Crisis Line—A Canadian Experience." Crisis 16, no. 2 (March 1995): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.16.2.66.
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Telephone crisis lines are increasingly providing a much needed service in the community to the lonely, the depressed, and the suicidal. The Samaritan volunteer crisis line discussed here is open to any person at any time, day or night. The instant availability of such an anonymous service attracts callers who use the line inappropriately; these people are often referred to as repeat callers. The Samaritans discovered that repeat callers were creating serious problems for both staff and volunteers. The difficult task was to develop a policy to restrict the repeat callers, but at the same time ensuring that the mandate of the crisis line was offered to them. This article examines the characteristics of repeat callers, and makes suggestions about the management of the chronic caller.
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Tsao, Phoebe A., Jennifer A. Burns, Shami Entenman, Kyle Kumbier, Jordan Sparks, Amy S. B. Bohnert, Ted A. Skolarus, and Megan Veresh Caram. "Mental health care utilization among veterans with castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18680-e18680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18680.
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e18680 Background: Abiraterone and enzalutamide are oral therapies widely used to treat men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent data have suggested potentially worsened quality of life and depression with use of enzalutamide compared to abiraterone. Because Veterans are at a higher risk for mental health conditions, we sought to compare mental health service utilization in Veterans with CRPC receiving enzalutamide to those receiving abiraterone. Methods: The Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse was used to identify men with CRPC who received abiraterone or enzalutamide for ≥ 30 days as first-line treatment between 2010-2017. We compared the rate of mental health visits per 100 patient-months for men on abiraterone versus enzalutamide using an exact rate ratio test, assuming Poisson counts. Results: Among 2902 male Veterans, 68.6% (n=1992) received abiraterone and 31.4% (n=910) enzalutamide as first-line therapy. Men who received enzalutamide were older (76 vs 74, p<0.01) and had a higher comorbidity burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] ≥ 2 in 28.7% vs 21.6%, p<0.01); no differences were noted in race or prevalence of preexisting documented mental health diagnoses. Median time on drug was 8 months for both medications. There was no difference in the rate of mental health visits per 100 patients-months on enzalutamide versus abiraterone (6.6 v. 6.7, p=0.66). However, within patient sub-groups, men who were age 75 or older, not married, or without notable comorbidities had lower rates of mental health visits with enzalutamide compared to abiraterone; whereas those who were younger than 75, married, had higher comorbidities, or a preexisting mental health diagnosis had higher rates of mental health visits with enzalutamide (Table). Conclusions: Among Veterans with CRPC who received a novel antiandrogen therapy first-line, there was no difference in engagement in mental health care between those who received abiraterone versus enzalutamide. Sub-group analysis revealed significant differences between patients on the two medications in demographic and diagnostic characteristics associated with number of visits, suggesting that vulnerability for mental health symptoms may vary by medication type. Further work in understanding the long-term impact of novel antiandrogens on mental health is needed.[Table: see text]
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Beurier, Joelle. "Immaginari della linea Maginot, 1930-1940." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 39 (May 2012): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2012-039002.
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Most of the studies on the Maginot Line focuse on the military aspects of its history. By means of images, novels, scientific articles, written and illustrated press of the time, this article aim to comprehend the mental representations of the Maginot Line before and after the outbreak of the war. The famous fortification turns out to be a pointer to the French inability to efficiently enter the war.
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Blau, Gary, John DiMino, Iris Abreu, and Kayla LeLeux-LaBarge. "Counseling over Time as a Correlate of Non-Urgent Undergraduate Institutional Commitment." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 7, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v7n2p96.
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The general purpose of this study was to examine counseling services as a correlate of institutional commitment and related variables over time on a sample of non-urgent undergraduates. Data for non-urgent clients at a University Counseling Center (UCC) were collected using on-line surveys over four time-periods. Within-time correlations generally showed that mental health concerns was negatively related to institutional commitment, while counseling help belief was positively related. Institutional commitment is defined as a student feeling that he or she selected the right institution to attend Using a smaller sample, i.e., n = 15, of complete-data clients matched-over-time, overall level of mental health concerns significantly declined, while institutional commitment significantly increased. Counseling help belief decreased from Time 1 to Time 2 but then increased over time. Scientifically demonstrating to higher-level University administration that counseling over time can positively influence undergraduates’ institutional commitment can help the UCC to increase its allocation of university-based resources to keep pace with non-urgent client demands.
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Schwan, Nicole, Peter Brugger, and Elisabeth Huberle. "Spatial Representation of Time in Backspace." Timing & Time Perception 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-20181120.
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Temporal information, numerical magnitude and space extension appear to share common representational mechanisms and be processed similarly in the brain. Evidence comes from the phenomenon of ‘pseudoneglect’, i.e. healthy persons’ orientation asymmetry toward the left side of space. Pseudoneglect is also evident along the mental number line which extends from small numbers on the left to large numbers on the right. In analogy to numbers, time is typically represented on a line extending from the left to the right side. It may thus be no surprise that pseudoneglect has been demonstrated in the temporal domain as well. Besides the perception of the space located anteriorly to our trunk (frontspace), we are able to represent the space behind us, which we cannot visually perceive (backspace). The translational model suggests a mapping of spatially defined information to the ipsilateral side of the egocentric reference frame in front- and backspace, while the rotational concept focuses on a 360° spatial representation around the midsagittal plane of the trunk. At the present stage of investigation, little is known about the representation of temporal information in backspace. In an attempt to fill this gap, we compared duration estimations of auditory stimuli in frontspace and backspace. Healthy right-handers were instructed to judge their duration relative to each other. We found a pseudoneglect-behavior not only in frontspace but also in backspace. The data are discussed in the context of common processing mechanisms for time, numbers and space and favor a translational over a rotational account for the representation of backspace. The results are further discussed with reference to potential consequences for the rehabilitation of hemispatial neglect.
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Atashfeshan, Nooshin, and Hamideh Razavi. "Determination of the Proper Rest Time for a Cyclic Mental Task Using ACT-R Architecture." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, no. 2 (October 14, 2016): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720816670767.
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Objective Analysis of the effect of mental fatigue on a cognitive task and determination of the right start time for rest breaks in work environments. Background Mental fatigue has been recognized as one of the most important factors influencing individual performance. Subjective and physiological measures are popular methods for analyzing fatigue, but they are restricted to physical experiments. Computational cognitive models are useful for predicting operator performance and can be used for analyzing fatigue in the design phase, particularly in industrial operations and inspections where cognitive tasks are frequent and the effects of mental fatigue are crucial. Method A cyclic mental task is modeled by the ACT-R architecture, and the effect of mental fatigue on response time and error rate is studied. The task includes visual inspections in a production line or control workstation where an operator has to check products’ conformity to specifications. Initially, simulated and experimental results are compared using correlation coefficients and paired t test statistics. After validation of the model, the effects are studied by human and simulated results, which are obtained by running 50-minute tests. Results It is revealed that during the last 20 minutes of the tests, the response time increased by 20%, and during the last 12.5 minutes, the error rate increased by 7% on average. Conclusion The proper start time for the rest period can be identified by setting a limit on the error rate or response time. Application The proposed model can be applied early in production planning to decrease the negative effects of mental fatigue by predicting the operator performance. It can also be used for determining the rest breaks in the design phase without an operator in the loop.
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Kan, Marni L., and Mark E. Feinberg. "Measurement and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Expectant First-Time Parents." Violence and Victims 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.319.
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Research on the implications of varying measurement strategies for estimating levels and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been limited. This study explored measurement and correlates of IPV using a community sample of 168 couples who were expecting their first child. In line with prior research, couple agreement regarding the presence of violence was low, and maximum reported estimates revealed substantial IPV perpetrated by both expectant mothers and fathers. Different types of IPV scores predicted unique variance in mental health problems and couple relationship distress among both the whole sample and the subsamples who perpetrated any violence. Discussion focuses on the methodological and substantive implications of these findings for the study of IPV during the transition to parenthood.