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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental rotation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mental rotation.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Jansen, Petra, and Jennifer Lehmann. "Mental rotation performance in soccer players and gymnasts in an object-based mental rotation task." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0135-8.

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2

Awalah, Ervi Anisatul, Mega T. Budiarto, and Elly Matul Imah. "Mental Rotation of Junior High School Students in Terms of Differences Sex." International Journal of Trends in Mathematics Education Research 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33122/ijtmer.v2i4.68.

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Spatial ability has been recognized as a significant human skill involving the retrieval, retention, and transformation of visual information in a special context. One type of spatial ability is the skill of performing mental rotations. Mental rotation is is the ability to rotate two or three-dimensional objects rapidly and accurately in the mind. . In other words, by way of rotating objects mentally and thereby solving problems related to space, this test includes the limit of reaction time and the rotation angle, both of which are mutually related to the degree of difficulty. The subject of this research comes from 9th grades students at junior high school in Surabaya were selected from purposive sampling. The volunteer student with high ability in mental rotation based from differences gender were selected from mathematic ability task and interviewed. The result showed that high ability male students able to visualize the result of two-dimensional wake rotation such as right triangle rotated as 45°, 90°, 180° and 360. While high-ability female students are still somewhat difficult to visualize the result of two-dimensional rotational objects such as triangle too but had difficultness when rotated as 45°.

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3

Dror, Itiel E. "Visual Mental Rotation: Different Processes Used by Pilots." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 18 (October 1992): 1368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601802.

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Air Force pilots and control subjects were tested on a visual “mental rotation” task. Nine of the 16 pilots, as well as all of the 16 control subjects, required more time to rotate greater angular distances. The performance of the other 7 pilots was unique: their response time did not increase with greater angular rotations. The results suggest that visual mental rotation can be accomplished by at least two different processes. One process involves incremental object rotations in a multi-step mapping –like an actual physical rotation of an object– going through intermediate stages. This process requires more time to rotate greater angular distances. The other process involves direct translation in a single-step mapping. In this process, the starting position transforms into the final position in one mapping without any intermediate steps, and thus does not require more time to rotate greater angular rotation. The lack of intermediate stages, which may allow small perturbations in location to be corrected, affects the accuracy of this process; this is particularly apparent when more complex stimuli are rotated. The pilots who did not show incremental rotation effects had different and distinct error patterns, their errors increased when rotating the more complex stimuli.

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4

Wexler, M. "Is Rotation of Visual Mental Images a Motor Act?" Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970284.

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The relationship between the mechanisms of vision and of visual mental imagery, such as mental rotation, has been well established. The relations between mental rotation and motor action, on the other hand, have hardly been studied, despite the fact that, ecologically, most non-mental rotation is the result of motor actions such as manual manipulation of medium-sized objects. I propose the following motor/imagery hypothesis: transformations of visual mental images are functionally closely related to the planning stages of the motor system. There is a certain amount of indirect support for this hypothesis in the literature. In the present work the motor/imagery hypothesis was tested directly, by means of a dual task paradigm. Subjects performed two tasks simultaneously: the Shepard - Cooper visual imagery task, which involves mental rotation; and a motor rotation (which could not be seen), turning a joystick handle in the plane of the visual image at a previously learned angular speed and direction. The motor/imagery hypothesis predicts a correlation between corresponding features of the two rotations. The results strongly confirm the motor/imagery hypothesis. The concurrent motor task shifts the classic V-shaped mental rotation RT curve: mental rotation is faster and less error-prone when it is in the same direction as the motor rotation than when it is in the opposite direction. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between the speeds of the two rotations: all else being equal, subjects' mental rotations were slower when their manual rotations were slower, and vice versa.

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5

Nolte, Nils, Florian Schmitz, Jens Fleischer, Maximilian Bungart, and Detlev Leutner. "Rotational complexity in mental rotation tests: Cognitive processes in tasks requiring mental rotation around cardinal and skewed rotation axes." Intelligence 91 (March 2022): 101626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2022.101626.

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6

Larsen, Axel. "Deconstructing mental rotation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 40, no. 3 (2014): 1072–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035648.

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7

Georgopoulos, Apostolos P. "Cognition: Mental Rotation." American Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 5 (May 2000): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.695.

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8

Rafi, Ahmad, and Khairulanuar Samsudin. "Practising mental rotation using interactive Desktop Mental Rotation Trainer (iDeMRT)." British Journal of Educational Technology 40, no. 5 (September 2009): 889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00874.x.

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9

Pani, John R. "Limits on the Comprehension of Rotational Motion: Mental Imagery of Rotations with Oblique Components." Perception 22, no. 7 (July 1993): 785–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220785.

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Mental imagery of rotational motion across variation in the orientation of a square to an axis of rotation, the orientation of the axis to the environment/viewer, and the starting orientation of the rotation were investigated in three experiments. The experimental method included specifying the particular rotations that subjects should consider and obtaining exact predictions of the outcomes of the rotations. When the square was normal to the axis and the axis was normal to the environment/viewer, performance was excellent. When either of these relationships was oblique, performance was quite good. When both of these relationships were oblique, nearly every subject made large errors on every problem. The difficulty of the double-oblique rotations was reduced when the initial orientation of the square was not canonical. Current views of the comprehension of rotational motion are discussed. It appears that the comprehension of rotational motion can be understood as an organization of the symmetric space traced out by the motion. People succeed in organizing this space when it is aligned with a principal spatial reference system.

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10

Niall, Keith K. "‘Mental rotation’, pictured rotation, and tandem rotation in depth." Acta Psychologica 95, no. 1 (January 1997): 31–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-6918(96)00032-7.

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11

Battista, Christian, and Michael Peters. "Ecological Aspects of Mental Rotation Around the Vertical and Horizontal Axis." Journal of Individual Differences 31, no. 2 (January 2010): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000020.

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Rotation of both natural and man-made objects most commonly requires rotation around the vertical rather than the horizontal axis because it is relatively rare that we need to rotate, e.g., trees, mountains, chairs or vehicles around their horizontal axis in order to match images to their canonical orientation. Waszak, Drewing, and Mausfeld (2005) demonstrated the importance of a gravitationally defined vertical axis and the visual context within which objects occur, when performing mental rotations. We extended their findings in a between-subject design by asking 406 subjects to rotate wireframe cube figures around either the vertical axis or around the horizontal axis. Both male and female subjects performed significantly better when rotating objects around the vertical axis. Males performed better than females in both conditions, and there was no interaction between axis of rotation and sex.

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12

Malinowski, Jon C. "Mental Rotation and Real-World Wayfinding." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (February 2001): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.19.

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Sex differences in mental rotation skills are a robust finding in small-scale laboratory-based studies of spatial cognition. There is almost no evidence in the literature, however, relating these skills to performance on spatial tasks in large-scale, real-world activities such as navigating in a new city or in the woods. This study investigates the connections between mental rotation skills as measured by the Vandenburg-Kuse Mental Rotations test and the performance of college students ( n = 211) navigating a 6-km orienteering course. The results indicate that mental rotation skills are significantly correlated with wayfinding performance on an orienteering task. The findings also replicate sex differences in spatial ability as found in laboratory-scale studies. However, the findings complicate the discussion of mental rotation skills and sex because women often performed as well as men despite having lower mean test scores. This suggests that mental rotation ability may not be as necessary for some women's wayfinding as it is for men's navigation.

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13

Schlegel, Alexander, Dedeepya Konuthula, Prescott Alexander, Ethan Blackwood, and Peter U. Tse. "Fundamentally Distributed Information Processing Integrates the Motor Network into the Mental Workspace during Mental Rotation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 8 (August 2016): 1139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00965.

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The manipulation of mental representations in the human brain appears to share similarities with the physical manipulation of real-world objects. In particular, some neuroimaging studies have found increased activity in motor regions during mental rotation, suggesting that mental and physical operations may involve overlapping neural populations. Does the motor network contribute information processing to mental rotation? If so, does it play a similar computational role in both mental and manual rotation, and how does it communicate with the wider network of areas involved in the mental workspace? Here we used multivariate methods and fMRI to study 24 participants as they mentally rotated 3-D objects or manually rotated their hands in one of four directions. We find that information processing related to mental rotations is distributed widely among many cortical and subcortical regions, that the motor network becomes tightly integrated into a wider mental workspace network during mental rotation, and that motor network activity during mental rotation only partially resembles that involved in manual rotation. Additionally, these findings provide evidence that the mental workspace is organized as a distributed core network that dynamically recruits specialized subnetworks for specific tasks as needed.

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14

Jolicoeur, Pierre, and Patrick Cavanagh. "Mental rotation, physical rotation, and surface media." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18, no. 2 (1992): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.18.2.371.

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15

Dahm, Stephan Frederic, Emiko J. Muraki, and Penny M. Pexman. "Hand and Foot Selection in Mental Body Rotations Involves Motor-Cognitive Interactions." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111500.

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Action imagery involves the mental representation of an action without overt execution, and can contribute to perspective taking, such as that required for left-right judgments in mental body rotation tasks. It has been shown that perspective (back view, front view), rotational angle (head-up, head-down), and abstractness (abstract, realistic) of the stimulus material influences speed and correctness of the judgement. The present studies investigated whether left-right judgements are more difficult on legs than on arms and whether the type of limb interacts with the other factors. Furthermore, a combined score for speed and accuracy was explored to eliminate possible tradeoffs and to obtain the best possible measure of subjects’ individual ability. Study 1 revealed that the front view is more difficult than the back view because it involves a vertical rotation in perspective taking. Head-down rotations are more difficult than head-up rotations because they involve a horizontal rotation in perspective taking. Furthermore, leg stimuli are more difficult than hand stimuli, particularly in head-down rotations. In Study 2, these findings were replicated in abstract stimuli as well as in realistic stimuli. In addition, perspective taking for realistic stimuli in the back view is easier than realistic stimuli in the front view or abstract stimuli (in both perspectives). We conclude that realistic stimulus material facilitates task comprehension and amplifies the effects of perspective. By replicating previous findings, the linear speed-accuracy score was shown to be a valid measure to capture performance in mental body rotations.

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16

Quinn, Paul C., and Lynn S. Liben. "A Sex Difference in Mental Rotation in Young Infants." Psychological Science 19, no. 11 (November 2008): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02201.x.

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Three- to 4-month-old female and male human infants were administered a two-dimensional mental-rotation task similar to those given to older children and adults. Infants were familiarized with the number 1 (or its mirror image) in seven different rotations between 0° and 360°, and then preference-tested with a novel rotation of the familiar stimulus paired with its mirror image. Male infants displayed a novelty preference for the mirror-image stimulus over the novel rotation of the familiar stimulus, whereas females divided attention between the two test stimuli. The results point toward an early emergence of a sex difference in mental rotation.

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17

Valentine, Tim, and Vicki Bruce. "Mental rotation of faces." Memory & Cognition 16, no. 6 (November 1988): 556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03197057.

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18

Wohlschläger, Andreas, and Astrid Wohlschläger. "Mental and manual rotation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24, no. 2 (1998): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397.

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19

Kerkman, Dennis D., Justin C. Wise, and Elizabeth A. Harwood. "Impossible “mental rotation” problems." Learning and Individual Differences 12, no. 3 (September 2000): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1041-6080(01)00039-5.

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20

Grace, Sam. "A mental health rotation." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219839462.

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21

Colville, R. J. I., and Romil Patel. "The mental rotation flap." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 64, no. 3 (March 2011): e76-e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2010.10.016.

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22

de Vignemont, Frédérique, Tiziana Zalla, Andrés Posada, Anne Louvegnez, Olivier Koenig, Nicolas Georgieff, and Nicolas Franck. "Mental rotation in schizophrenia." Consciousness and Cognition 15, no. 2 (June 2006): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2005.08.001.

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23

Hellermann, Frederik, Ludwig Piesch, and Matthias Weigelt. "Mental Rotation in Sports." Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie 29, no. 4 (October 2022): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000374.

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Abstract: This study further validates the sport-specific Mental Rotation Test – Basketball (MRT-BB) in which participants solve 24 items regarding basketball plays. The task of each item consists of comparing four alternative stimuli with a criterion stimulus and identifying the two “correct” alternatives. A total of 203 participants (101 females) took part in this experiment in which they solved the original MRT and the MRT-BB. The results replicate the findings of Weigelt and Memmert (2021 ). The number of items attempted declined toward the end of each set, with participants solving more items in the second set and men outperforming women. While participants solved more items on the MRT-BB, performance in both tests was positively correlated. Our replication of the previous results supports the validity of the MRT-BB. The correlation supports the notion that the mental rotation of the sport-specific stimuli is based on more general mental rotation skills.

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24

Smith, Glenn Gordon, and Sinan Olkun. "Why Interactivity Works: Interactive Priming of Mental Rotation." Journal of Educational Computing Research 32, no. 2 (March 2005): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4ka5-03ux-a70e-e53w.

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This study has important implications for microworlds such as Logo, HyperGami, and Newton's World, which use interaction to learn spatial mental models for science, math, geometry, etc. This study tested the hypothesis that interactively rotating (dragging) virtual shapes primes mental rotation. The independent variable was observation vs. interaction: a) watching an animation of a shape rotating, versus b) manually rotating a shape on the computer. The dependent variable was mental rotation of the same shape. Two age groups, 9-year-olds and college undergraduates participated. For 9-year-olds, the interactive group mentally rotated significantly more accurately and faster than the observational. Therefore, interaction primed mental rotation. For the college undergraduates, the interactive group mentally rotated significantly more accurately, but significantly slower than the observational group. This suggests that the interaction disrupted a routine process, causing undergraduates to switch strategies. Results from both age groups reinforce the educational value of more naturalistic interaction with virtual shapes, i.e., dragging is better than clicking.

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25

Schmidt, Mirko, Fabienne Egger, Mario Kieliger, Benjamin Rubeli, and Julia Schüler. "Gymnasts and Orienteers Display Better Mental Rotation Performance Than Nonathletes." Journal of Individual Differences 37, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000180.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine whether athletes differ from nonathletes regarding their mental rotation performance. Furthermore, it investigated whether athletes doing sports requiring distinguishable levels of mental rotation (orienteering, gymnastics, running), as well as varying with respect to having an egocentric (gymnastics) or an allocentric perspective (orienteering), differ from each other. Therefore, the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) was carried out with 20 orienteers, 20 gymnasts, 20 runners, and 20 nonathletes. The results indicate large differences in mental rotation performance, with those actively doing sports outperforming the nonathletes. Analyses for the specific groups showed that orienteers and gymnasts differed from the nonathletes, whereas endurance runners did not. Contrary to expectations, the mental rotation performance of gymnasts did not differ from that of orienteers. This study also revealed gender differences in favor of men. Implications regarding a differentiated view of the connection between specific sports and mental rotation performance are discussed.

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26

Guo, Jianfei, and Joo-Hyun Song. "Reciprocal facilitation between mental rotation and visuomotor rotation." Journal of Vision 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.11.405.

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27

Gardony, Aaron L., Holly A. Taylor, and Tad T. Brunyé. "What Does Physical Rotation Reveal About Mental Rotation?" Psychological Science 25, no. 2 (December 5, 2013): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613503174.

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28

Cohen, D., and M. Kubovy. "Mental Rotation, Mental Representation, and Flat Slopes." Cognitive Psychology 25, no. 3 (July 1993): 351–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1993.1009.

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29

CRUCIAN, GREGORY P., ANNA M. BARRETT, DAVID W. BURKS, ALONSO R. RIESTRA, HEIDI L. ROTH, RONALD L. SCHWARTZ, WILLIAM J. TRIGGS, et al. "Mental object rotation in Parkinson's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, no. 7 (November 2003): 1078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617703970111.

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Deficits in visual-spatial ability can be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and there are several possible reasons for these deficits. Dysfunction in frontal–striatal and/or frontal–parietal systems, associated with dopamine deficiency, might disrupt cognitive processes either supporting (e.g., working memory) or subserving visual-spatial computations. The goal of this study was to assess visual–spatial orientation ability in individuals with PD using the Mental Rotations Test (MRT), along with other measures of cognitive function. Non-demented men with PD were significantly less accurate on this test than matched control men. In contrast, women with PD performed similarly to matched control women, but both groups of women did not perform much better than chance. Further, mental rotation accuracy in men correlated with their executive skills involving mental processing and psychomotor speed. In women with PD, however, mental rotation accuracy correlated negatively with verbal memory, indicating that higher mental rotation performance was associated with lower ability in verbal memory. These results indicate that PD is associated with visual–spatial orientation deficits in men. Women with PD and control women both performed poorly on the MRT, possibly reflecting a floor effect. Although men and women with PD appear to engage different cognitive processes in this task, the reason for the sex difference remains to be elucidated. (JINS, 2003, 9, 1078–1087.)

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30

Boone, Alexander P., and Mary Hegarty. "Sex differences in mental rotation tasks: Not just in the mental rotation process!" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 43, no. 7 (July 2017): 1005–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000370.

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31

Peronnet, Franck, and Martha J. Farah. "Mental rotation: An event-related potential study with a validated mental rotation task." Brain and Cognition 9, no. 2 (March 1989): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2626(89)90037-7.

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32

Adams, Deanne M., Andrew T. Stull, and Mary Hegarty. "Effects of Mental and Manual Rotation Training on Mental and Manual Rotation Performance." Spatial Cognition & Computation 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2014.913050.

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33

Lohmann, Johannes, Bettina Rolke, and Martin V. Butz. "In touch with mental rotation: interactions between mental and tactile rotations and motor responses." Experimental Brain Research 235, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 1063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4861-8.

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34

Kong, Wanzeng, Luyun Wang, Jianhai Zhang, Qibin Zhao, and Junfeng Sun. "The Dynamic EEG Microstates in Mental Rotation." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092920.

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Mental rotation is generally analyzed based on event-related potential (ERP) in a time domain with several characteristic electrodes, but neglects the whole spatial-temporal brain pattern in the cognitive process which may reflect the underlying cognitive mechanism. In this paper, we mainly proposed an approach based on microstates to examine the encoding of mental rotation from the spatial-temporal changes of EEG signals. In particular, we collected EEG data from 11 healthy subjects in a mental rotation cognitive task using 12 different stimulus pictures representing left and right hands at various rotational angles. We applied the microstate method to investigate the microstates conveyed by the event-related potential extracted from EEG data during mental rotation, and obtained four microstate modes (referred to as modes A, B, C, D, respectively). Subsequently, we defined several measures, including microstate sequences, topographical map, hemispheric lateralization, and duration of microstate, to characterize the dynamics of microstates during mental rotation. We observed that (1) the microstates sequence had a specified progressing mode, i.e., A → B → A ; (2) the activation of the right parietal occipital region was stronger than that of the left parietal occipital region according to the hemispheric lateralization of the microstates mode A; and (3) the duration of the second microstates mode A showed the shorter duration in the vertical stimuli, named “angle effect”.

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35

WHITNEY, CAROL S., JAMES A. REGGIA, and SUNGZOON CHO. "Does Rotation of Neuronal Population Vectors Equal Mental Rotation?" Connection Science 9, no. 3 (November 1997): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095400997116630.

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36

Koriat, Asher, and Joel Norman. "Mental rotation and visual familiarity." Perception & Psychophysics 37, no. 5 (September 1985): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03202874.

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37

Cohen, Dale J., and Christopher Blair. "MENTAL ROTATION AND TEMPORAL CONTINGENCIES." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 70, no. 2 (September 1998): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1998.70-203.

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38

Richardson, John T. E. "Gender Differences in Mental Rotation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 2 (April 1994): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.2.435.

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Two experiments were carried out to compare the performance of male and female students at different educational levels on tasks that required mental rotation. Exp. 1 also compared their performance on an overt, male-typed version and a disguised, female-typed version of the same task. Amongst introductory undergraduate students, men performed significantly better than women, but this difference was as pronounced on the disguised, female-typed version as on the overt, male-typed task. However, there was no sign of any gender difference on the overt task in advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. The latter finding was not replicated in Exp. 2, in which significant effects of gender regardless of the students' educational level were noted. Nevertheless, the effect size was significantly smaller than that obtained for comparable students tested on the same task during the 1970s. Taken together, these results confirm that gender differences in at least some aspects of mental rotation may be abolished by educational experience and that gender differences in mental rotation have become smaller over the last 20 years. Such findings favor sociocultural explanations of gender differences in mental rotation rather than biological explanations.

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39

Khooshabeh, Peter, Mary Hegarty, and Thomas F. Shipley. "Individual Differences in Mental Rotation." Experimental Psychology 60, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000184.

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Two experiments tested the hypothesis that imagery ability and figural complexity interact to affect the choice of mental rotation strategies. Participants performed the Shepard and Metzler (1971) mental rotation task. On half of the trials, the 3-D figures were manipulated to create “fragmented” figures, with some cubes missing. Good imagers were less accurate and had longer response times on fragmented figures than on complete figures. Poor imagers performed similarly on fragmented and complete figures. These results suggest that good imagers use holistic mental rotation strategies by default, but switch to alternative strategies depending on task demands, whereas poor imagers are less flexible and use piecemeal strategies regardless of the task demands.

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40

Milivojevic, Branka, Jeff P. Hamm, and Michael C. Corballis. "Functional Neuroanatomy of Mental Rotation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 5 (May 2009): 945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21085.

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Brain regions involved in mental rotation were determined by assessing increases in fMRI activation associated with increases in stimulus rotation during a mirror-normal parity-judgment task with letters and digits. A letter–digit category judgment task was used as a control for orientation-dependent neural processing unrelated to mental rotation per se. Compared to the category judgments, the parity judgments elicited increases in activation in both the dorsal and the ventral visual streams, as well as higher-order premotor areas, inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior insula. Only a subset of these areas, namely, the posterior part of the dorsal intraparietal sulcus, higher-order premotor regions, and the anterior insula showed increased activation as a function of stimulus orientation. Parity judgments elicited greater activation in the right than in the left ventral intraparietal sulcus, but there were no hemispheric differences in orientation-dependent activation, suggesting that neither hemisphere is dominant for mental rotation per se. Hemispheric asymmetries associated with parity-judgment tasks may reflect visuospatial processing other than mental rotation itself, which is subserved by a bilateral fronto-parietal network, rather than regions restricted to the posterior parietal.

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41

Pounder, Zoe, Jane Jacob, Christianne Jacobs, Catherine Loveday, Tony Towell, and Juha Silvanto. "Mental rotation performance in aphantasia." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.1123.

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42

Shioiri, Satoshi, Takanori Yamazaki, Kazumichi Matsumiya, and Ichiro Kuriki. "Visual and Haptic Mental Rotation." i-Perception 2, no. 8 (October 2011): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/ic823.

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43

Moore, David S., and Scott P. Johnson. "Mental Rotation in Human Infants." Psychological Science 19, no. 11 (November 2008): 1063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02200.x.

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A sex difference on mental-rotation tasks has been demonstrated repeatedly, but not in children less than 4 years of age. To demonstrate mental rotation in human infants, we habituated 5-month-old infants to an object revolving through a 240° angle. In successive test trials, infants saw the habituation object or its mirror image revolving through a previously unseen 120° angle. Only the male infants appeared to recognize the familiar object from the new perspective, a feat requiring mental rotation. These data provide evidence for a sex difference in mental rotation of an object through three-dimensional space, consistently seen in adult populations.

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44

Foulkes, David, Brenda Sullivan, Michael Hollifield, and Laura Bradley. "Mental Rotation, Age, and Conservation." Journal of Genetic Psychology 150, no. 4 (December 1989): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1989.9914611.

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Robertson, Lynn C., Stephen E. Palmer, and Louis M. Gomez. "Reference frames in mental rotation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 13, no. 3 (1987): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.13.3.368.

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46

Xu, Y. L., and S. Franconeri. "The capacity of mental rotation." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.359.

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47

Taylor, N., and L. Jakobson. "Mental rotation in preterm children." Journal of Vision 9, no. 8 (March 22, 2010): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.1061.

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48

Wexler, Mark, Stephen M. Kosslyn, and Alain Berthoz. "Motor processes in mental rotation." Cognition 68, no. 1 (August 1998): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00032-8.

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49

Corballis, Michael C., and Justine Sergent. "Hemispheric Specialization For Mental Rotation." Cortex 25, no. 1 (March 1989): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(89)80002-4.

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Prather, S. C., and K. Sathian. "Mental rotation of tactile stimuli." Cognitive Brain Research 14, no. 1 (June 2002): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00063-0.

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