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1
Gosden, Thomas. "Images of pain : exploration of the characteristics and functions of pain-related mental imagery in chronic pain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2742.
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Introduction A recent study by Potter et al. (in submission) reported that many chronic pain sufferers experience a spontaneous mental image of their pain, and that these individuals also report higher levels of anxiety and depression. However, little is known about the nature of pain-related mental imagery or the role it might have in chronic pain problems. Research Aims This project aimed to replicate these findings with a larger sample, and to discover more about the characteristics of pain-related mental imagery. It also aimed to explore the possible function of mental imagery in inducing physiological arousal and negative emotional reactivity. Methodology The research consisted of two discrete studies. In the first study, questionnaire measures of mental imagery, pain self-report, depression, anxiety, and use of imagery in everyday life were obtained from a naturalistic sample of chronic pain sufferers (N=105). The second study interviewed fourteen participants who reported experiencing pain-related mental imagery. These participants were also asked to intentionally generate their image and subjective measures of physiological and emotional reactivity were recorded. Results A significant proportion (40%) of participants reported experiencing pain-related mental imagery. Those who did also reported significantly higher levels of depression, though a trend towards higher levels of anxiety was not statistically significant. Mental images were predominately reported to be distressing, to occur frequently (at least every day), to interfere with daily living, to be longstanding (on average of three years duration), and to be largely stable over time. The majority of participants who were asked to intentionally self-generate their image during interview reported increases in physiological arousal and negative emotional reactivity. Discussion Experiencing a mental image of pain is a common phenomenon among chronic pain sufferers. Furthermore, the images experienced are long-standing, stable, and appear to be linked with physiological and negative emotional reactivity. It therefore seems possible that these images have a role in psychological adjustment to chronic pain for some sufferers and may contribute to long-term distress and disability. These findings suggest that a greater understanding of pain-related mental imagery may contribute to the psychological assessment and treatment of chronic pain sufferers.
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Kingsbury, Rachell. "Social pain theory : physical pain as a mediator of the relationship between social pain and defensiveness /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17731.pdf.
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Hazeldine, Charlotte. "Understanding the link between mental defeat and chronic pain." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665406.
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Background. Recently, 'mental defeat' (MD) has been explored amongst the chronic pain population and considered as a sort of 'self-processing'. Initial research has linked it to anxiety, pain interference and functional disability. Research has recommended that we explore the relationship between MD and other cognitive constructs, such as hopelessness and depression. The present study firstly considers MD as a predictor for pain symptomology and self-efficacy when related cognitive constructs are examined. Secondly, although chronic pain and MD commonly co-occur, causal relationships have yet to be established1. Method. For the cross-sectional analysis, 59 participants from three pain services completed a questionnaire pack assessing five cognitive constructs; anxiety, depression, hopelessness, pain catastrophizing, and mental defeat. Participants also answered questions about their demographics, pain symptomology and self-efficacy. Results. Linear regression analyses revealed that anxiety was most strongly associated with pain symptomology, accounting for 26% of the variance. When breaking down pain symptomology, catastrophizing showed the strongest association with sensory pain, and mental defeat the strongest association with affective pain. Finally, mental defeat was the most strongly associated variable with self-efficacy, accounting for 47% of the variance. Implications. This research has demonstrated the potential importance of assessing mental defeat in chronic pain patients and, where suitable, targeting these feelings during interventions and therapy. This may have an impact on how well people feel able to cope with their pain. Further, the study indicates mental defeat is different to related cognitive constructs involved in pain, such as depression, hopelessness and catastrophizing.
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Weinstein, Ben. "Understanding emotional pain a preliminary investigation /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10215.
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Fletcher, Laura B. "Depression in chronic pain syndromes determining causation /." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999fletcherl.pdf.
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McGeoch, Paul Duncan. "The modulation of central pain by vestibular stimulation and another study on human brain function." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=134006.
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This thesis deals with a potential interaction between the vestibular system and the phenomenon of central pain. I provide behavioural and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) evidence that cold caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) can alleviate central pain in some sufferers. I argue that activation of the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) in central pain patients can act via the parabrachial nucleus in the brainstem to rebalance the integration of thermosensory input and suppress the perception of pain at the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC). This is consistent with the thermosensory disinhibition hypothesis, which proposes that central pain is a thermoregulatory disorder which results from the loss of the central inhibition of pain by cooling. I go on to propose that the PIVC and anatomically adjacent interoceptive cortex in the dorsal posterior insula (dpIns) share a number of similarities and that PIVC is best viewed as part of a wider interoceptive system. Based on the MEG data I suggest that low threshold C mechanoceptors may play a role in tactile allodynia in central pain. I also use the MEG data to propose that the disruption of interoceptive input to the dpIns could lead to tactile afferents priming the primary motor cortex to respond more rapidly to subsequent ACC activation. This effect may be mediated via a corollary branch of interoceptive input that runs not to the dpIns but to the fundus of the central sulcus. The final chapter contains additional research into the issue of body image, via investigations into apotemnophilia. I provide MEG and other evidence suggesting that it is a disorder of the right parietal lobe. I then propose a neurological explanation for a condition previously thought to be entirely psychological.
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Mikedis, Amanda. "Parental Involvement and the Mental Health of Adolescents with Chronic Pain." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1519048374432054.
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Walker, Katherine Elise Chandler Cynthia K. "Correlates of the scales of a modified screening version of the multidimensional pain inventory with depression and anxiety on a chronic pain sample." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9822.
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Potter, Louise C. A. "It hurts : the relationship between mental imagery and functioning in chronic pain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25093.
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The present study had two primary aims: firstly to examine what relationship, if any, there is between those who describe mental images of their pain and functioning. Secondly, to examine whether conditions or acceptance would explain more of the variance in levels of reported anxiety and depression. A total of 83 chronic pain patients were recruited to complete a battery of measures (HADS, CPAQ, AQ, R+M SIP, McGill (SF), PRCS and PRSS). Included were chronic pain patients of all ages with any medical diagnosis. Excluded were those with chronic pain of a malignant nature, those not fluent in the English language and those with a psychotic illness. Significant differences were found between the group of people who had mental images of their pain and those who did not on measures of anxiety, depression and catastrophising. No mean differences were found on measures of disability and levels of reported pain. Partial correlations showed that catastrophising explained more of the variance in HADS scores than did acceptance though differences were small and this may be a facet of using two different measures of acceptance. Having mental images of pain appears to indicate much higher reported levels of anxiety and depression. Findings are discussed in light of the existing literature base. Further research is needed to investigate the links between acceptance, cognitions and reported levels of anxiety and depression.
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Coleman, Eddie Lee. "Differences in Coping Strategies of African American Children With Chronic Pain." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978038.
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Chronic pain is a significant problem in the U.S. pediatric population, conservatively estimated to affect 15% to 20% of children. Few studies have focused on coping strategies African American children use to manage chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies used by African American children and adolescents ages 11 to 18 years suffering from chronic pain and to examine gender and age differences in this population. The gate control theory provided the framework for the study. The Pain Coping Questionnaire was used to measure coping strategies in a convenience sample of 44 children and adolescents recruited from pain clinics and online pain support groups. Descriptive statistics indicated that active coping was used most often, and emotion-focused coping was used least often. Analyses of variance indicated that age was positively related with cognitive distraction, that male participants used problem-solving more often than female participants, and that female participants sought out social support and used internalizing/catastrophizing more often that male participants. Findings may be used to improve assessment and management of chronic pain by providing mental health professionals and doctors with a better understanding of African American children and adolescents’ coping strategies.
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Gerhardt, Andreas [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Eich. "Non-specific chronic musculoskeletal pain: prevalence, spatial extent of pain, mental comorbidities, and psychophysiological patterns / Andreas Gerhardt ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Eich." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177809702/34.
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Chianello, Teresa. "Somatization and Engagement in Mental Health Treatment." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/706.
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Somatization, the presentation of physical symptoms without an identifiable cause, is among the most common problems in primary medical care. Treatment approaches are typically offered within the medical consultation interview once the medical provider distinguishes between physical and emotional etiology. This dualistic strategy is especially troublesome for patients whose physical complaints cannot be validated and who are recommended for only mental health therapy. The aim of this study was to examine how medical practitioners can instead motivate patients to consider both physical and emotional treatment. An analogue intervention consisting of an enhanced consultation interview was compared to a care as usual consultation interview on the key outcome of motivation to engage in mental health treatment. A total of 129 participants with medically unexplained symptoms were randomly assigned to these two conditions. Motivation to engage in mental health treatment was evaluated with the FMP Questionnaire, Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire, and the newly developed Motivation to Engage in Therapy questionnaire (MET). Results of ANCOVA revealed significant differences between the two analogue consultation interviews on 3 out of 5 outcome measures. The largest effect was found for the MET followed by the credibility and expectancy subscales (1.6, .9, and .8). This finding suggests that a particular type of discourse between medical provider and patient can lead to increased motivation for holistic care treatment for those with somatization.
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Woinarosky, Nicoleta. "The effect of exercisephysical activity on chronic pain and pain-related mental health issues, in computer workers with repetitive strain injuries." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27934.
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This study focuses on computer workers with repetitive strain injury (RSI) that lead to chronic pain, interference with daily activities (work and leisure), getting a night's sleep, and pain-related mental health issues (e.g., anxiety and depression). People take their hands for granted, and when they suddenly lose the use of them and are unable to perform basic daily activities (bathing, dressing, feeding ourselves), may develop anxiety and depression.
This research examines how physical pain caused by RSI affects computer workers as a whole, and how workers use exercise/physical activity participation and health professionals use exercise/physical activity prescription to alleviate the accompanying pain, anxiety and depression, interviews were conducted with eight RSI-injured computer workers from the public service and eight health professionals who treat this type of injury. The results show that regular exercise/physical activity is seen to be a weapon in combating pain and pain-related mental health issues in RSI-injured computer workers.
An improved understanding of the benefits of exercise/physical activity for RSI-injured computer workers living with chronic pain and pain-related mental health issues will provide them with more effective coping strategies, ameliorate their emotional/psychological recovery, facilitate their active return to the workforce, and enhance their overall quality of life.
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Scheidler, LeighAnn E. "Treatment Outcomes of an Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program in Smokers and Nonsmokers." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1383587125.
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Saxon, LaDonna Christine Doster Joseph A. 1943. "Heart rhythm variability in persons with chronic pain." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9037.
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Grieve, Kirsty. "Attentional deficits following severe closed head injury and in chronic pain : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362635.
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Kyle, Brandon N. "The influence of anxiety, depression, and negative affect on recall of dental pain." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11211.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 140 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-80).
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Darghouth, Sarah. "Painful languages of the body : experiences of headache, pain and suffering in Peru." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78346.
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This study investigates understandings and experiences of headache in two regions of Peru: a semi-rural Quechua-speaking district of the Southern Peruvian highlands and a poor urban district of Lima. In particular, it explores the personal and collective meanings constructed around women's headache experiences. Both structured and open-ended interviews were administered to patients suffering headache to elicit interpretations of headache episodes. An analysis of the collected narratives suggests that headache is often comprehended in a polysemic framework, where shifting meanings ascribed in bodily, emotional, family and social terms articulate both individual and shared notions of suffering: loss of loved ones, inter-personal conflict, and tension associated to women's roles as homemakers are among the central themes evoked, and span through past, present and future domains. In particular, strains in family relationships, in dynamic interaction with larger contexts of social violence, play a prominent role in the configuration of headache, often experienced in conditions of solitude and isolation. Overall, this study underscores the significance of patients' subjective interpretations of painful experiences and emphasizes the manner through which bodily and emotional pain are inextricably linked to distress experienced at family and social levels.
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Yee, Mean-Fong. "Dental Implications For The Patient With Mental Illness." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4960.
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Chandler, Amy. "Pain incarnate : a narrative exploration of self-injury and embodiment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5843.
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This thesis comprises a narrative exploration of the lived experience of being someone who has self-injured. Self-injury, like pain, emotions, sensation and social life, is understood and examined as inherently embodied. The thesis is intended to contribute to sociological approaches to the study of embodiment and to sociological understandings of self-injury. Twelve participants were recruited in non-clinical sites. The sample was heterogeneous in terms of their experience of self-injury, contact with medical and psychiatric services, socio-economic background, household type, age and sexuality. Both men and women were interviewed in an attempt to counter the relative neglect of men in previous research. Two interviews were carried out with each participant: the first was a life-story interview, while the second explored self-injury more directly. The approach to data collection and analysis was intended to be collaborative, and comprised both narrative and thematic techniques. The thesis demonstrates the importance of studying self-injury as an embodied, socially situated and socially mediated behaviour. An embodied approach underlines the importance of the visibility of self-injury. The existence of visible marks and scars created by self-injury were important aspects of the lived experience of participants. The ways in which these marks were negotiated in social life represented a key focus of analysis. My analysis reveals the importance and utility of attending to the practical and material aspects of self-injury in attempting to understand the behaviour. I highlight the diverse ways in which self-injury is practised, and the equally various meanings and understandings it holds for practitioners A variety of complex and contradictory justifications for self-injury are critically examined. These justifications share a concern with pain, incarnate, suggesting that self-injury is: a method of transforming emotional pain into physical pain; a way of relieving emotional pain; painful; painless; attention-seeking; private. A sociological, narrative analysis illuminates the ways in which these understandings and justifications can be located within biographical, interpersonal and socio-cultural contexts. By locating these justifications within socio-cultural contexts, the complexities and contradictions of the accounts become understandable. My analysis confirms the importance of attending to socio-cultural understandings of bodies, emotions, authenticity and morality in exploring narratives about self-injury.
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Reed, Kimberley Jane. "The Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Anxiety and Chest Pain Resulting From The Canterbury Earthquakes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7905.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the spatial and the temporal patterns of anxiety and chest pain resulting from the Canterbury, New Zealand earthquaeks. Three research objectives were identified: examine any spatial or termporal clusters of anxiety and chest pain; examine the associations between anxiety, chest pain and damage to neighbourhood; and determine any statistically significant difference in counts of anxiety and chest pain after each earthquake or aftershock which resulted in severe damage. Measures of the extent of liquefaction the location of CERA red-zones were used as proxy measures for earthquake damage. Cases of those who presented to Christchurch Public Hospital Emergency Department with either anxiety or chest pain between May 2010 and April 2012 were aggregated to census area unit (CAU) level for analysis.
This thesis has taken a unique approach to examining the spatial and spatio-temporal variations of anxiety and chest pain after an earthquake and offers unique results. This is the first study of its kind to use a GIS approach when examining Canterbury specific earthquake damage and health variables at a CAU level after the earthquakes.
Through the use of spatio-termporal scan modelling, negative and linear regression modelling and temporal linear modelling with dummy variables this research was able to conclude there are significant spatial and temporal variations in anxiety and chest pain resulting from the earthquakes. The spatio-termporal scan modelling identified a hot cluster of both anxiety and chest pain within Christchurch at the same time the earthquakes occurred. The negative binomial model found liquefaction to be a stronger predictor of anxiety than the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority's (CERA) land zones. The linear regression model foun chest pain to be positively associated with all measures of earthquake damage with the exception of being in the red-zone. The temporal modelling identified a significant increase in anxiety cases one month after a major earthquake, and chest pain cases spiked two weeks after an earthquake and gradually decreased over the following five weeks.
This research was limited by lack of control period data, limited measures of earthquake damage, ethical restrictions, and the need for population tracking data. The findings of this research will be useful in the planning and allocation of mental wellbeing resources should another similar event like the Canterbury Earthquakes occur in New Zealand.
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Walker, Katherine Elise. "Correlates of the Scales of a Modified Screening Version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory with Depression and Anxiety on a Chronic Pain Sample." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9822/.
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This correlational study investigated the relationship between changes in the psychosocial scales of the MPI Screener Patient Report Card (Clark, 1996) with changes in depression and anxiety with a sample of chronic pain patients who completed a 4-week outpatient interdisciplinary treatment program located in a large regional medical center. Race, gender, and primary pain diagnosis were additional predictors. Data analyzed came from an existing patient outcome database (N = 203). Five research assumptions were examined using ten separate (five pre and five post-treatment) hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Statistical significance was found in pre and post-treatment analyses with predictors BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and BAI (Beck & Steer, 1993) on criterions Pain Interference, Emotional Distress, and Life Control, and Total Function.
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Saxon, LaDonna Christine. "Heart rhythm variability in persons with chronic pain." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9037/.
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The present study evaluated the utility of heart rhythm coherence (HRC) feedback to reduce the reported pain intensity of patients enrolled in a multimodal pain management program. Participants were recruited and assigned to a usual treatment group (UT) or a heart rhythm coherence feedback group (UT+HRC). It was hypothesized that UT+HRC participants who achieved heart rhythm coherence would report a reduction of pain intensity, as measured by the McGill Pain Inventory. For those whose pain intensity decreased, it was also expected that their self reported levels of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and state anger as measured by the State Trait Anger Inventory would decrease. It is also hypothesized that with a reduction in pain levels, anger, and depression, blood pressure would also decrease among those who had high blood pressure prior to the intervention. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to investigate the relationship between treatment condition, coherence status and pain levels. A series of independent t-tests were utilized to investigate the change in pain, depression, and state anger from baseline to posttest, followed by Pearson product moment correlation coefficients on difference scores to understand the relationship between the outcome variables for Hypothesis 2. Standard multiple regression analyses were computed using difference scores to determine if the outcome measures were significant predictors of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Results indicated a failure to reject the null with regard to hypothesis one. No relationship between treatment assignment, coherence status or pain levels were found. Hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Although there was a positive significant relationship between depression and anger when utilizing difference scores, these affective measures were not related to difference scores on either pain measure. In regard to Hypothesis 3, there was also a failure to reject the null. None of the outcome measures utilized in this study emerged as being significantly related to changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are offered.
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George, Marisa M. "The impact of spirituality and group therapy on counseling a client presenting with symptoms of depression and chronic pain." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p074-0057.
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Jenkinson, Crispin. "Social and psychological factors affecting the impact of painful chronic illness upon mental health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c6e33c7-4931-435c-bd60-d3958866087a.
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This thesis is a report of a study on patients suffering one of two painful chronic illnesses (rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or migraine), and attempts to discover possible determinants of psychological reactions to long term painful illness. One hundred and sixty chronically ill individuals were interviewed, (80 migraine and 80 RA sufferers). In keeping with other evidence, the extent of psychological disturbance was found to be higher for chronically ill individuals than for general population samples. There were no zero order correlations between reported pain and psychological distress. Age and length of suffering have often been cited as possible factors influencing mood state, but no evidence was found for this in the data gained in this survey. The results provide no evidence for the use of coping strategies as a method of adapting to the demands of the painful chronic illnesses studied here. Beliefs in control over illness have been posited as possible factors that may influence psychological state, and were measured in this research using a health locus of control scale. However locus of control scores were not found to be associated with mood state, although, in keeping with other research, scores were found to be associated with age and social class, with both lower social class and older sufferers scoring higher on externality than those from higher social classes, or whom were younger. The strongest association was found between aspects of subjective health status and mood state. The major finding of this study is that patients assessment of their own health state, in both illnesses, is the major factor associated with psychological state.
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Parker, Romy. "Pain in HIV/AIDS : characteristics, contributing factors and the effects of a six-week peer-led exercise and education intervention." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10621.
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Includes bibliographical references.The central premise of this thesis was that pain is a problem in persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), that this pain is biopsychosocial in nature, and as such may have different characteristics in different sub-groups. It was also hypothesised that pain in PLWHA can be effectively managed using a biopsychosocial treatment.
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Watts, Hilary E. "The Plight of the Wounded Healer| Unraveling Pain as a Precursor to Practicing Potent Psychotherapy." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1524896.
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This thesis examines how the current psychological collective conceptualizes, addresses, and makes clinical use of the wounded healer archetype as it occurs in and influences the vocation of psychotherapy. The universal, historic significance of the wounded healer archetype is explored as well as its manifestation in the psychotherapist, the degree to which the therapist’s wounds define countertransference, and the effect on client therapy outcome. Research on the psychological community’s recognition and encouragement of exploration of the psychotherapist’s woundedness is included. A heuristic approach applied to unraveling the mythological wounded healer archetype finds that it may dwell in the psyche of any human. The author concludes that wounded healers who—for myriad unpredictable reasons—follow the vocation of psychotherapy may benefit the psychological community by understanding the clinical and neuroscientific evidence suggesting that their own wounds underwrite countertransference and can be accessed and used as a potent tool in their practice.
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Beasley, Vista. "Social identity, mental toughness, and behavioural intentions as antecedents of overuse injury pain in physical activity contexts." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28596.
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Psychological factors specific to overuse injury pain in physical activity contexts were explored within a social identity theoretical framework. Study 1 involved development of a method for designating overuse injury pain occurrence of hikers (N = 751), along with exploration of relationships between psychological measures, overuse injury pain occurrence, and effort levels. The findings of this cross-sectional, mixed-methods investigation revealed that social identification, social identity content, and mental toughness differentiated hikers who incurred overuse injury pain or selected a higher-effort behaviour from those who did not. From qualitative analysis, several social identity constructs (i.e., group member's presence, in-group status, social creativity, additional social identity content) emerged as contributors to overuse injury occurrence. The focus of Study 2 was a prospective examination of the aforementioned psychological factors in relation to overuse injury severity of hikers (N = 283). Additionally, the Test of Intentions to Reduce Effort (TIRE) was developed to identify individuals with susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity. Results provided evidence of factorial, construct, and predictive validity of TIRE factor scores. TIRE factors and social identity content significantly predicted higher severity of hikers' overuse injury pain. Mental toughness scores moderated the relationship between social identification and overuse injury severity. Study 3 consisted of a qualitative examination of social identity mechanisms of overuse injury pain in a physical activity context, CrossFit®, involving the presence of group leaders, and in which group members view each other. Findings revealed mechanisms pertaining to social identity content, in-group status, and social threats. Overall, the findings support a new means for assessing overuse injury occurrence and susceptibility to higher overuse injury severity, whilst demonstrating the potential applicability of social identity theory to the study of overuse injury. Knowledge gained may ultimately aid development of interventions to reduce overuse injury occurrence and severity of physical activity participants.
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Babson, Lisabeth Jean Currier. "Effectiveness of self-monitoring of negative self-statements with chronic pain patients." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195144188.
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Laranjeira, Patrícia Isabel Chacim. "A relação entre depressão e ideação suicida em jovens adultos: o papel mediador da desesperança e da dor mental." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16838.
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A presente investigação pretende avaliar a influência da depressão, da desesperança e da dor mental na ideação suicida. Neste estudo participou uma amostra final de conveniência de 279 jovens adultos, estudantes da Universidade de Évora, com idades compreendidas entre 17 e os 30 anos. Testou-se um modelo de previsão da ideação suicida que postula uma relação indireta entre a depressão e a ideação suicida através da desesperança e da dor mental. Também pressupõe que a depressão se relaciona com a dor mental através da desesperança e que esta última se relaciona com a ideação suicida diretamente e indiretamente através da dor mental. Testou-se também o contributo de um conjunto de variáveis sociodemográficas para a ideação suicida. O modelo testado ajustou–se aos dados de forma satisfatória. Verificando-se nomeadamente que a depressão se relaciona com a ideação suicida através da dor mental e da desesperança; Abstract:
“The relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in young adults: The mediating role of hopelessness and mental pain”
This research aims to evaluate the influence of depression, hopelessness and psychache in suicidal ideation. In this study participated a final sample of convenience of 279 young adults, students at the University of Évora, aged between 17 and 30 years. We tested a prediction model of suicidal ideation that posits indirect relationship between depression and suicidal ideation through hopelessness and psychache. It also assumes that depression is related to the psychache by hopelessness and the latter is related to suicidal ideation directly and indirectly through psychache. Is also tested the contribution of a set of sociodemographic variables for suicidal ideation. The tested model set if the data satisfactorily. Verifying in particular that the depression is related to suicidal ideation through psychache and hopelessness.
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Rumzek, Harold A. "Does Unemployment Become a Major Stressor in the Evolution of Chronic Pain?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278597/.
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Pain has been described as the most complex human experience and most frequent reason patients seek medical treatment. Few people fail to experience the pain associated with disease, injury, or medical/surgical procedures. However, the impact of unemployment that results from chronic pain suffering has not been widely researched. To present a comprehensive view of the effect unemployment has upon the chronic pain experience, this study focused upon stress philosophy, chronic pain, employment, and coping effectiveness. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Personal Data Questionnaire (PDQ) were administered to 96 persons (four groups of 24 subjects) representing either unemployed or employed and either chronic or non-chronic (acute) pain populations.
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Henson, C. D. (Connie Dee). "The Use of Coping Strategies in Depressed and Nondepressed Chronic Pain Patients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277985/.
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This study investigated the relationship between preferred coping strategies, and major stressors for nondepressed, and depressed chronic pain patients. The subjects for this study were 67 chronic pain patients who are participating in a pain/spinal rehabilitation program. The information collected from the individuals or their records included: (1) basic demographic information, (2) level of activity, (3) level of perceived pain, (4) medication usage, (5) therapist rating of level of stabilization, (6) scores on three inventories including the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses included an examination of the relationship between level of depression and (1) type of stressors, (2) coping strategies, and (3) level of perceived pain. Further analyses included multiple regression with outcome as defined by therapist ratings at the end of treatment, and patients' ratings at follow up as the criterion variables.
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Paananen, M. (Markus). "Multi-site musculoskeletal pain in adolescence: occurrence, determinants, and consequences." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296413.
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Abstract Recent studies in adults have shown that musculoskeletal (MS) pains are often experienced at several body sites. The number of pain sites has been shown to be proportional to poor health outcomes, such as functional ability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study investigated the occurrence and persistence of MS pain in multiple locations, determinants of multiple-site pain, and the impact of multiple-site pain on HRQoL and health care use among adolescents aged 16 to 19. The data were based on three inquiries that were administered to the adolescents of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. MS pain was common and often occurred at multiple sites. Moreover, the majority of adolescents with multiple-site pain at 16 reported multiple-site pain also at 18. Multiple-site MS pains were strongly associated with psychosocial complaints, but also with high physical activity level, long sitting time, short sleeping time, smoking, and overweight. Emotional problems, behavioral problems, and high sitting time among males, and emotional problems, high physical activity level, short sleeping time, and smoking among females were predictive factors for the persistence of multiple-site pain. The likelihood of reduced HRQoL increased according to the number of MS pain sites. A trend toward an increase in health care use with the number of pain sites was also observed. Reporting pain in multiple sites in adolescence may have both peripheral (tissue origin) and central (pain experience) causes. As multiple-site pain in adolescence may predict subsequent MS morbidity, the adolescents who are at highest risk and also at the highest need of health promotion should be identified in further studiesTiivistelmä Aikuisväestössä tehtyjen tutkimusten perusteella tuki- ja liikuntaelimistön kivut esiintyvät tavallisesti usealla kehon alueella samanaikaisesti. Monikipuisuudella näyttää olevan epäedullisia vaikutuksia useisiin terveyteen liittyviin ilmiöihin kuten toiminta- ja työkykyyn sekä elämänlaatuun. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin monipaikkaisen tuki- ja liikuntaelinkivun esiintyvyyttä, pysyvyyttä ja riskitekijöitä sekä sen vaikutusta terveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun ja terveyspalvelujen käyttöön 16–19 –vuotiailla nuorilla. Tutkimuksen aineisto perustui kolmeen kyselyyn, jotka lähetettiin Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986:n nuorille. Tuki- ja liikuntaelinkipu oli yleistä ja esiintyi tavallisimmin usealla kehon alueella. Suurin osa nuorista, jotka raportoivat monen paikan kipua 16-vuotiaana, raportoivat sitä myös 18-vuotiaana. Monen kehon alueen tuki- ja liikuntaelinkipu yhdistyi voimakkaasti psykososiaalisiin tekijöihin, mutta myös korkeaan liikunta-aktiivisuuteen, runsaaseen istumiseen, vähäiseen uneen, tupakointiin ja ylipainoon. Käyttäytymisen- ja tunne-elämän häiriöt sekä runsas istuminen pojilla, ja tunne-elämän häiriöt, korkea liikunnallinen aktiivisuus, vähäinen uni sekä tupakointi tytöillä ennustivat monen kehon alueen kivun pysyvyyttä. Todennäköisyys heikentyneeseen terveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun lisääntyi suhteessa kipualueiden määrään. Myös terveyspalvelujen käytön ja kipualueiden lukumäärän välillä havaittiin yhteys. Monen paikan tuki- ja liikuntaelinkipua selittänevät sekä kudostasoiset että keskushermostolliset syyt. Koska laaja-alainen kipuoireilu nuoruudessa voi ennustaa myöhempiä tuki- ja liikuntaelinongelmia, riskiryhmiä ja samalla eniten terveyden edistämistä tarvitsevia nuoria tulisi pyrkiä jatkossa tarkemmin tunnistamaan
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Morel, Fanny. "O efeito da imagética motora no tratamento da dor fantasma em amputados: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6732.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaIntrodução: a imagética tem sido utlizada como forma de diminuir a dor fantasma de um indivíduo amputado de um membro superior ou inferior. Objetivo: verificar os efeitos da utilização da imagética motora nos indivíduos amputados com dor fantasma. Metodologia: pesquisa com palavras-chave na base de dados Pubmed, PEDro e b-on para identificar estudos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, randomizados controlados, randomizados não controlados, estudos de casos, publicados em inglês, que utilizassem a imagética no tratamento da dor fantasma em indivíduos com uma amputação unilateral de um membro. Foram excluídos estudos fora do assunto escolhido, e as revistas sistemáticas e os protocolos. Resultados: foram identificados 2 artigos randomizados controlados e 3 estudos de caso. Conclusão: a imagética parece ser uma boa técnica para a dor fantasma em amputados, no entanto é necessário mais estudos randomizados controlados e com amostra maior para poder afirmar que a imagética mental tem realmente efeitos benéficos no alivío da dor fantasma.
Introduction: The imagery has been used as a way to reduce the phantom pain of an individual amputated from an upper or lower limb. Objective: To verify the positive effects of the use of imagery in amputated individuals with phantom pain. Methodology: Keyword research in the Pubmed, PEDro and b-on database to identify studies published in the last 15 years, randomized controlled, and uncontrolled trials, case studies, published in English and which deal with the use of imotor imagery in the treatment of phantom limb pain in individuals with unilateral limb amputation. We excluded studies outside the chosen subject, with the systematic reviews and protocols. Results: 2 randomized controled articles were indentified and 3 case studies. Conclusion: imagery seems to be a good technique for phantom pain in amputees, however more randomized controlled trials with a larger sample are needed to be able to affirm that mental imagery actually has beneficial effects in the alleviation of phantom pain.
N/A
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Smuts, Melisa. "Mental health and chronic pain conditions in a nationally-representative sample of South African adults : a cross-sectional study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9316.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-104).Chronic pain is considered a significant burden at both a personal and social level. Not only does it lead to individual suffering and loss of work or social roles, but it also places a great demand on health care systems. Chronic pain has been shown to be associated with both depression and anxiety disorders, adding to the drain on society. Most of the existing research on chronic pain and its association with mental disorders has focused on Europe and North America, with little research firom developing countries. There are few data on the prevalence of chronic pain at a population level in South Africa, and no research into the association between chronic pain and mental health. This study assessed the population prevaicnce and demographic characteristics of people with chronic pain conditions in South Africa, focusing on arthritisirhenrnatisrn and chronic back/neck pain, the two most common forms of chronic pain. The thesis examined the associations between these chronic pain conditions and common mental disorders in South Africa, with particular attention to possible gender differences in this association.
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Dunkley, C. "Transmit and receive : what factors inhibit or facilitate the communication of emotional pain between suicidal patients and mental health professionals?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374976/.
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Escape from emotional pain has been identified through suicide-note research as the main driver for completed suicide. Research using fMRI scanning has detected shared neural networks between physical and emotional pain, suggesting that emotional pain is a discrete somatic experience very similar physiologically to physical pain. Little is known about the process by which suicidal patients communicate their emotional pain to mental health professionals. In this study data were collected from 26 mental health professionals and 9 patients at risk of suicide and subjected to inductive thematic analysis. The results were formulated into an emotional pain communication model, identifying 4 types of emotional communication Unspoken/Unheard, Spoken/Unheard, Spoken/Heard and Unspoken/Heard. 14 subthemes identify the inhibitors and facilitators of emotional pain communication within these 4 types.
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Jensen, Bryan. "Chronic Pain Causal Attributions in an Interdisciplinary Primary Care Clinic: Patient-Provider and Provider-Provider Discrepancies." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4100.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of pain causal attributions on patient pain-related functioning, treatment engagement, and clinical outcomes. Additionally, the impact of discordant pain causal attributions between patients and their providers as well as between interdisciplinary providers was examined. Patients rated their pain functioning and causal pain attributions during a regular clinic visit. Following the patient’s visit both the behavioral medicine provider and internal medicine resident provided ratings of similar pain-related functioning domains and causal attributions. Follow-up data were collected from the electronic medical record three months following that clinic visit. Overall, results revealed that patients’ chronic pain attributions did influence pain-related functioning, however the impact was relatively small. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that chronic pain attributions influence a patient’s readiness to adopt self-management coping strategies and their subsequent treatment engagement. Additionally, results confirmed that different health care disciplines attribute the cause of patients’ chronic pain in distinct ways and these unique perspectives can lead to discrepant pain-related functioning assessments between providers. Discordant ratings between providers were shown to influence referring patterns for interdisciplinary services and the patient’s overall opioid dose. Similarly, discrepancies between patients and their providers influenced subsequent referral for behavioral health services, the patient’s attendance at those visits, and their overall morphine equivalent doses. Together the results indicate the important role pain attributions can play in chronic pain management and highlight the central role of the patient-provider and provider-provider relationship.
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Pappada, Holly T. Renzhofer. "THE EXPERIENCE AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC PAIN: THE IMPORTANCE OF A MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586204447441831.
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Nakhata, Chinintorn. "Essays on Consumer's Psychological and Behavioral Responses toward Social Coupons." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5282.
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Traditional economic theory suggests that consumers are likely to prepay for a product/ service that appears to be heavily discounted. However, in reality, many consumers do not think and act to achieve that goal. This is evident in consumer's psychological and behavioral responses toward a new type of price promotion, namely social coupons (SCs) (i.e., online coupons that offer consumers a substantial discount with a long redemption period when they prepay for a retailer's products/services). Such responses generate vital impacts not only on consumers themselves in terms of saving maximization but also on service retailers (e.g., sit-down dining restaurants) and SC providers (e.g., Groupon and LivingSocial) in terms of revenue maximization generated from offering SC campaigns. This dissertation aims to provide insights to the literature in price promotions, specifically SCs. Guided by mental accounting theory (i.e., consumers open a mental account when costs are incurred and close a mental account when benefits are received), this dissertation is structured in the form of two separate empirical essays. While Essay 1, "Prepaying Less is Preferable to Saving More: The Role of Pain of Prepayment Aversion in Social Coupon Purchasing Decision", focuses on opening a SC mental account (i.e., cost incurred), Essay 2, "Superfluous Spending: The Role of Neglected Mental Budget Depletion in Spending Decision when Redeeming Social Coupons", focuses on closing a SC mental account (i.e., benefit received).
Essay 1 explored why consumers purchase SCs featuring a low-implausible face value (i.e., a face value that is lower than the normal price range expected by consumers for a particular type of service)? Findings across five experiments revealed that consumers' likelihood of purchasing SCs featuring a low-implausible (vs. plausible) face value was greater when a coupon price for SCs featuring a low-implausible face value was lower than willingness-to-prepay for a SC (WTPP-SC), while a coupon price for SCs featuring a plausible face value was higher than WTPP-SC. Furthermore, consumers' likelihood of purchasing SCs featuring a low-implausible face value was greater when a coupon price was lower (vs. higher) than WTPP-SC. Pain of prepayment (i.e., the disutility/imputed cost, painful feeling, generated from the thought of prepaying amount of money required for a SC) aversion was an underlying process. That is, consumers experienced greater pain of prepayment when a coupon price was higher (vs. lower) than WTPP-SC. Pain of prepayment, in turns, negatively influenced consumers' likelihood of purchasing SCs featuring a low-implausible face value. Moreover, consumers' likelihood of purchasing such SCs was greater when time pressure was present (vs. absent) and when semantic cues were abstract (vs. concrete). Finally, when being exposed to multiple SC deals for the same service, which vary in terms of face value plausibility (Option 1: low-implausible face value vs. Option 2: plausible face value), consumers were more likely to choose a SC deal featuring a low-implausible face value (Option 1) when a coupon price for a SC deal featuring a low-implausible face value was lower than WTPP-SC but a coupon price for a SC deal featuring a plausible face value (Option 2) was higher than WTPP-SC. In contrast, when coupon prices for both SC deal options were lower than WTPP-SC, consumers were more likely to choose a SC deal featuring a plausible face value (Option 2).
Essay 2 explored why consumers spend a great additional amount of money beyond a SC face value? Findings across three experiments revealed that the amount of money spent beyond a SC face value was greater when consumers redeem SCs featuring a low-implausible (vs. plausible) face value. Neglected mental budget depletion (i.e., the instance in which consumers neglect the fact that the budget assigned to a particular SC mental account as a spending self-control is already depleted) was an underlying process. That is, consumers had a greater tendency to neglect mental budget depletion when redeeming SCs featuring a low-implausible (vs. plausible) face value. Neglected mental budget depletion, in turns, positively influenced the amount of money spent beyond a SC face value. Furthermore, concrete (vs. abstract) semantic cues and far (vs. near) distance between purchasing and redeeming a SC intensified neglected mental budget depletion effect, which in turns, increased the amount of money spent beyond a SC face value when redeeming SCs featuring a low-implausible face value.
In conclusion, this dissertation provides theoretical insights on consumers' psychological responses, and their behavioral responses toward SCs during two SC stages, which results in sub-optimal SC decision-makings: (1) purchasing SCs featuring a low-implausible face value (Essay 1); and (2) spending additional money beyond a SC face value when redeeming SCs at a service retailer (Essay 2). The empirical findings across two essays add to the growing body of the literature in price promotions, specifically SCs. This dissertation also provides managerial insights regarding how managers can design and strategically implement SC campaigns that can maximize the number of SC being purchased and the great amount of money consumers spend beyond a SC face value when they redeem a SC at a service retailer.
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Flodgren, Gerd. "Effects of low-load repetitive work and mental load on sensitising substances and metabolism in the trapezius muscle." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Idrottsmedicin Sports Medicine, Rehabiliteringsmedicin Rehabilitation Medicine, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1393.
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Goller, Aviva Idit. "Perceptual abnormalities in amputees : phantom pain, mirror-touch synaesthesia and referred tactile sensations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39679/.
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It is often reported that after amputation people experience "a constant or inconstant ... sensory ghost ... faintly felt at time, but ready to be called up to [their] perception" (Mitchell, 1866). Perceptual abnormalities have been highlighted in amputees, such as sensations in the phantom when being stroked elsewhere (Ramachandran et al., 1992) or when observing someone in pain (Giummarra and Bradshaw, 2008). This thesis explored the perceptual changes that occur following amputation whist focusing on pain, vision and touch. A sample of over 100 amputees were recruited through the National Health Service. Despite finding no difference in phantom pain based on physical amputation details or nonpainful perceptual phenomena, results from Paper 1 indicated that phantom pain may be more intense, with sensations occurring more frequently, in amputees whose pain was triggerinduced. The survey in Paper 2 identified a group of amputees who in losing a limb acquired mirror-touch synaesthesia. Higher levels of empathy found in mirror-touch amputees might mean that some people are predisposed to develop synaesthesia, but that it takes sensory loss to bring dormant cross-sensory interactions into consciousness. Although the mirror-system may reach supra-threshold levels in some amputees, the experiments in Paper 3 suggested a relatively intact mirror-system in amputees overall. Specifically, in a task of apparent biological motion, amputees showed a similar, although weaker, pattern of results to normalbodied participants. The results of Paper 4 showed that tactile spatial acuity on the face was also largely not affected by amputation, as no difference was found between the sides ipsilateral and contralateral to the stump. In Paper 5 cross-modal cuing was used to investigate whether referred tactile sensations could prime a visually presented target in space occupied by the phantom limb. We conclude that perception is only moderately affected in most amputees, but that in some the sensory loss causes normally sub-threshold processing to enhance into conscious awareness.
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de, la Puente Robles Beatriz. "Role of the sigma-1 receptor in the sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of acute and chronic pain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/360581.
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The present Doctoral Thesis focuses on the study of the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) in the field of pain. This research has been a part of the preclinical σ1R project focusing on drug discovery of σ1R ligands for the treatment of pain at the pharmaceutical company ESTEVE. The overall purpose of this Doctoral Thesis was to explore the role of σ1R in the sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain. To this end, acetic acid-induced visceral pain and partial sciatic nerve ligation in mice were used to model an acute and chronic pain state, respectively. The sensory discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain in these models were infered by changes in reflexive and non-reflexive behavioural outcomes, respectively. Abdominal contractions (writhing) and paw behavioural hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli were analysed as reflexive outcomes. On the other hand, pain-related changes of sweet preference, locomotor activity and reward-seeking behaviour were analysed as non reflexive outcomes. These models and behavioural outcomes were used to evaluate the effect of pharmacological and genetic blockade of σ1R and also the effects of some reference compounds. Furthermore, electrophysiological and molecular studies in knock-out (σ1R /-) mice were used to understand the role of σ1R in the sensory discriminative component of chronic pain.
Taken together, the results of this Doctoral Thesis provide new knowledge about σ1R and support the clinical development of selective σ1R antagonists as a suitable therapeutic intervention to treat neuropathic pain and its mood-related comorbidities.El dolor es una experiencia sensorial y emocional desagradable. Es un mecanismo muy complejo determinado por dos componentes: el componente sensorial discriminativo, que corresponde a los mecanismos neurofisiológicos de la nocicepción y que informa de las características del dolor (naturaleza, duración, intensidad,…) y el componente afectivo-motivacional, que expresa la connotación desagradable relacionada con la percepción del dolor y que conlleva consecuencias emocionales que afectan al estado de ánimo y al bienestar del individuo. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se estudian estos dos componentes que conforman el dolor, evaluando respuestas de comportamiento en dos modelos animales de dolor, un modelo de dolor agudo visceral y un modelo de dolor crónico de origen neuropático. Además, se estudia el papel del receptor sigma-1 (σ1R) en cada modelo animal de dolor, evaluando su posible implicación tanto en el componente sensorial como en el afectivo. Para ello, se pusieron en práctica dos estrategias experimentales. Por un lado, se utilizaron ratones modificados genéticamente a los que se les ha eliminado el gen del receptor del sigma-1 (ratones knock-out σ1R) y por otro lado, se realizó un tratamiento farmacológico sistémico en ratones salvajes (wild-type) con el E-52862 (S1RA), un antagonista del receptor sigma-1 altamente selectivo. El E-52862 es un compuesto que ha sido desarrollado por ESTEVE y que tras su primera evaluación en seres humanos ha demostrado un buen perfil de seguridad y tolerabilidad (estudios clínicos de Fase I). Actualmente continúa siendo evaluado en subsecuentes estudios clínicos como indicación para el dolor neuropático de diferentes etiologías (estudios de Fase II). Los resultados de esta Tesis Doctoral proporcionan nuevos conocimientos sobre el receptor sigma-1 que apoyan el desarrollo clínico del antagonista selectivo para este receptor, el E-52862, como una opción terapéutica adecuada para el tratamiento del dolor neuropático y las comorbilidades afectivas asociadas a esta patología.
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W, Björkegren Lovisa. "Endometrios : En osteologisk studie om möjliga patologiska förändringar i skelettet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448836.
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Endometriosis is a common chronic disease that effects approximately 10–15% of the women in today’s society. However, there is a lack of research that examines if endometriosis produces pathological changes in the skeleton. This thesis addresses the association between the osteological discipline and endometriosis.The primary purpose of this thesis is to test a hypothesis which was created during a previous paper. In order to test the hypothesis, it’s fundamental to analyze female pelvises and to see if endometriosis is detectable in the skeleton and leaves pathological changes in the shape of discoloration. The source material includes 39 female pelvic bones that are available at the medical history museum in Uppsala, Sweden. The collection includes 22 pelvic bones from individuals of Swedish descent and 17 pelvic bones from individuals of diverse foreign descent. This thesis also focuses on mental illness in association with endometriosis among historical women. The analysis of pelvic bones showed that 8 of them had pathological changes in the shape of discoloration. The analysis also demonstrated how women, in today’s- and historical society, was affected mentally and socially. The discussion includes how the skeleton is affected by endometriosis and how osteologist can trace the disease if it isn’t visible in the skeleton. The discussion also includes how historical women was mentally affected by the disease and if we can reach the mental illness through modern women. The study also demonstrates how women was affected economically.Currently, there is not enough research in order to prove the hypothesis about pathological changes in the shape of discoloration. We need more research to further investigate the hypothesis. To continue further investigation of the hypothesis, we need to examine modern patients diagnosed with endometriosis.
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Oluyase, Adejoke Obirenjeyi. "A study of the appropriateness of prescriptions for mental health disorders or pain among users of a specialist treatment service for substance use disorders." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15625/.
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Background: People with substance use disorders (SUDs) often have co-existing physical and/or mental health conditions and are prescribed a large number of medications which may or may not be justified. Among this population, psychiatric medications and opioids are often involved in adverse events. There is, however, a lack of research on the quality of prescribing of these medications. In this thesis, the appropriateness of these medications is explored, as well as the response of prescribers in a specialist addiction service (SAS) to their inappropriate prescribing. Methods: A mixed methods design was utilised. A descriptive quantitative study using routinely available data was conducted to describe the scale of prescribing for service users. A second quantitative component involving questionnaires was carried out to assess the appropriateness of psychiatric medications and opioids in a sample of service users by SAS prescribers. Qualitative interviews were conducted with service users to explore their perspectives on the appropriateness of these medications while prescriber interviews explored how they responded to inappropriate prescribing. Results: The descriptive study showed that 27% of service users were prescribed four or more medications with almost half of them receiving antidepressants. The second study showed that nearly half of service users had at least one inappropriate psychiatric medication or opioid. Interviews with service users revealed that most of them benefited from these medications but that their use often involved making a compromise between risks and benefits. Benefits/risks of medications, prescriber expertise, nature of addiction and communication with service users and prescribers were considered by SAS prescribers before responding to inappropriate prescribing. It appears the need to maintain service users’ stability and well-being may lead to a greater focus on these issues when assessing the appropriateness of prescribing decisions. Conclusion: The quality of prescribing of opioids and psychiatric medications to service users referred to this SAS appeared to present room for improvement. Further research is required with the availability of a more mixed economy of service providers in the alcohol and drug treatment sector to establish if these findings are applicable.
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Monteiro, Bárbara Kolstok. "Saúde mental de servidores públicos : avaliando um programa de intervenção para dor." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7272.
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Pain disorders are usually related to lower level of general health, quality of life and poores work performance. Brazilian studies show that pain disorders have been described as the second or third leading cause of absence from work. Therefore this replication study was conducted to evaluate a brief intervention program developed by Nash et al (2004) that could be implemented in companies or organizations, which would represent an important advance in dealing with this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a brief intervention protocol, using behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques for administrative employees with chronic pain diagnoses. The impacts were evaluated along three dimensions: 1) self-perception of both pain and work impacts; 2) mental health indicators, including measures of depression, anxiety and stress; and 3) measures of functionality and quality of life. The study included five public service workers, between 36 and 61 years of age. Three women had been diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, one with Migraines and the other with neuritis. Time since diagnosis ranged from 2 to 7 years. The intervention was programmed using a multiple baseline procedure in four phases: 1) Baseline; 2) Module 1 (Psychoeducation about pain processes); 3) Module 2 (Relaxation Techniques); and 3) Module 3 (Stress and coping strategies). During the Initial Evaluations and over the course of the intervention, the following instrumentes were used: General Interview, Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults - Lipp (ISSL), Beck Depression and Anxietyies Inventory, FAST and the WHOQOL-BREF Scale. The Individual records showed a correlation between the intensity of pain and effectiveness in working conditions in general (r = 0.86, p <0.001) and for each of the participants. It was possible to observe the effect of the intervention at different times, for all participants. Initially, all participants had health care needs related to stress (four presented scores of resistance and one of almost exhaustion). Two had health care needs related to depression (P4 and P6) and two had process related to anxiety (P2 and P4). One participant (P4) had health care needs on all three measures. With regards to functionality, three respondents reported having difficulty in performing cognitive activities and one of the participants reported having difficulties in both controlling money and managing daily financial routines. The participants had average scores close to 50 points in the four areas assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF. Following the intervention, three of the five subjects had an increase in their total score for quality of life. Four participants also reported less difficulty with functionality, considering all the domains evaluated, with better performance observed in the autonomy domain. The strong points of the protocol were discussed along with challenges in its execution. Further research are needed to.
Os transtornos dolorosos são usualmente relacionados a perdas na saúde em geral, na qualidade de vida e do trabalho; processos dolorosos têm sido descritos como a segunda e terceira causa de afastamento do trabalho, em todo o País. Desta forma, programas de intervenções breves, replicando estudo anterior (Nash et al, 2004) que pudessem ser implementados nas próprias empresas ou organizações, podem representar avanços importantes para lidar com este problema. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo de intervenção breve, utilizando técnicas comportamentais e cognitivo-comportamentais, para funcionários administrativos de uma universidade pública, portadores de dor crônica. Foram avaliados impactos em três dimensões: 1) auto percepção da dor e do impacto no trabalho; 2) indicadores de saúde mental, particularmente depressão, ansiedade e estresse; e, 3) indicadores de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Participaram do estudo cinco funcionárias públicas, com idade variando entre 36 e 61 anos; três mulheres tinham o diagnóstico de Fibromialgia, uma Enxaqueca e uma Neurite. O tempo desde o diagnóstico variou de 2 a 7 anos. A intervenção foi programada utilizando um procedimento de linha de base múltipla, em quatro fases: 1) Linha de base; 2) Módulo 1 (Psicoeducação sobre dor); 3) Módulo 2 (Técnicas de Relaxamento); e 3) Módulo 3 (Estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento). Para avaliação inicial e ao longo do processo de coleta e intervenção foram utilizados: Roteiro da Entrevista, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), Inventário Beck de Depressão e de Ansiedade, Escala FAST e Inventário WHOQOL-BREF. Registros individuais mostraram uma relação entre a intensidade da dor e a pouca efetividade nas condições de trabalho em geral (r=0,86, p<0,000) e para cada uma das participantes. Foi possível observar o efeito da introdução da intervenção, em diferentes momentos, para todos os participantes. Na avaliação inicial, todos os participantes apresentaram indicadores de cuidado de saúde em estresse (quatro apresentando escore de resistência e um de quase exaustão). Duas apresentavam indicador de cuidado em depressão (P4 e P6) e duas em ansiedade (P2 e P4). Um participante (P4) apresentava indicador de cuidado em todas as condições. Quanto a funcionalidade três dos participantes relataram ter dificuldade no desempenho de atividades cognitivas e uma das participantes relata ter dificuldades no controle de dinheiro e aspectos financeiros diários. Os participantes apresentaram resultados médios próximos aos 50 pontos nos quatro domínios avaliados pelo WHOQOL-BREF. Ao final, três das cinco participantes apresentaram aumento no indicador total de qualidade de vida. Com exceção de P5 todas as participantes apresentaram menor dificuldade de funcionalidade na média de todos os domínios avaliados, sendo a autonomia o domínio com melhor desempenho. Foram discutidas as vantagens de protocolos como implementado, as dificuldades observadas na sua execução e propostas para estudos posteriores.
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Splittstoesser, Riley Emiel. "Inflammatory Responses to Combinations of: Mental Load, Repetitive Lifting and Subject Personality." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479763594134482.
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Tian, Haijun. "Caring for depression and comorbid pain evidence from the Health and Retirement Survey and the Healthcare for Communities Survey /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgsd_issertations/RGSD204/.
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Jakobsson, Lars, and Simon Östin. "Vad kännetecknar nedstämda vårdtagare inom äldreomsorgen?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112486.
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Syfte. Syftet med studien var att undersöka samband mellan nedstämdhet och kön, ålder, kommunikationssvårigheter, smärta, sömnsvårigheter samt beteende- och psykiska symtom bland vårdtagare på särskilt boende. Bakgrund. Depression tillhör de stora folksjukdomarna. Den drabbar människor i alla åldrar och är en del i den ökande psykiska ohälsan hos befolkningen i Sverige. Uppskattningsvis 20-25 % av de äldre på särskilda boenden lider av depressiva symtom. Omvårdnadspersonal visar sig ha brister i att identifiera depressiva symtom hos äldre personer vilket medför sämre behandlingsprognoser än om de upptäcks tidigare. Design. Studien genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie. Metod. Enkätstudie där vårdtagare (n=575) på särskilt boende i Umeå skattades av personal angående förekomst av olika fysiska och psykiska symtom. Statistikprogrammet SPSS användes för att beräkna samband mellan olika faktorer och nedstämdhet. Resultat. Tre faktorer var oberoende associerat med nedstämdhet; smärta, insomningssvårigheter och psykiska symtom. Nedstämda äldre var dessutom mer benägna att ha problem att äta, vara vaken nattetid samt ha beteendesymtom. De var även skattade som mer psykiskt vårdtunga av vårdare. Konklusion. Studien visar att hos nedstämda på äldreboende finns ofta ytterligare problematik i form av smärta, insomningsproblem och psykiska symtom. Dessa faktorer är värda att ta i beaktande vid val av behandling mot nedstämdhet.
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Shultis, Carol Lee. "Effects of Music Therapy vs. Music Medicine on Physiological and Psychological Parameters of Intensive Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/172789.
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Music TherapyPh.D.
This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of Music Therapy (MT), Music Medicine (MM), or Attention Control (AC) on physiological and psychological parameters of stress for adult and older adult patients receiving care in the Intensive Care Unit of a community general hospital. Previous studies have indicated effectiveness of music therapy or music medicine for these medical patients, but few data are available for music therapy interventions. This study was an attempt to add to available information about the effects of music therapy compared to the effects of music medicine or attention control for this patient population. Participants (twenty-eight adults, ranging in age from 37-83 years; not mechanically ventilated at the time of session) were randomly assigned to music therapy, music medicine or the attention control group. Repeated measures of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and anxiety and pain levels were collected before the session, immediately after the session and at 60 minutes post-session. Anxiety was measured using the Faces Anxiety Scale, and pain was self-reported via a Visual Analog Scale. Post-session length of stay was collected from the participants' medical records. Overall, there were no significant interactions among study groups and outcome measures. There was a statistically significant difference between length of stay for music therapy participants and attention control. Over time from pre-session to post-session, statistically significant decreases in anxiety scores were measured for both music medicine and music therapy groups. Pain scores decreased for both music medicine and music therapy groups, however not significantly. Some medically beneficial effects of music therapy or music medicine were evident in the data.
Temple University--Theses
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Melo, Lorena Almeida de. "Efetividade do uso tópico do óleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet no tratamento de pacientes com fibromialgia." Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3299.
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Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain without organic changes. The syndrome is frequently associated also with other symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, morning stiffness, dyspnea, depression and anxiety, resulting in a lower quality of health of life, that determines interest by patients complementary therapy with alternative medicine. Alpinia zerumbet studies demonstrated muscle relaxing action, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anxiolytic.The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the topical use of bioproduct based essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet, in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. A clinical trial of type II, randomized, controlled for 8 weeks in 39 patients, all female, mean age 50.8 ± 2.44. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria for the study, patients were divided into three groups: control group (n = 10) no treatment; essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet group (n = 10; mL/7Kg 0:05); and amytriptiline group (n = 19; 25 mg / day). The variables evaluated were: pain, depression, sleep quality, anxiety and quality of life through of specific questionnaires; levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1â, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-á, IL-2R); levels of some hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (total T3, total T4, IGF-1, GH, ACTH, norepinephrine, cortisol, epinephrine and dopamine), and serum biochemical parameters related to nociception (serotonin and 5 - HIAA).The results of the questionnaires in the group treated with OEAz had significantly lower scores compared to the control group for depression, quality of sleep and quality of life (p <0.01, 0.05 and 0.01); and between anxiety and OEAz and AMT (p <0.01). Significant increase in levels of IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-á (p <0.05, 0.01 and 0.001) in the group AMT. The serum cortisol levels were reduced significantly (p <0.05), while dopamine levels were elevated (p <0.05). There was no difference in serum total T3, total T4, IGF-1, GH, ACTH and norepinephrine; in serum IL-6 and IL-2R; and the and the symptoms of pain, independently of treatment modality (p> 0.05). There was a positive correlation between increased serum serotonin levels and improves sleep quality (r = 0.734, p = 0.038); and negative correlation between cortisol and quality of life (r = 0.5, p = 0.04) in the group treated with EOAz. We conclude that the EOAz significant improvement in sleep, depressive and quality of life symptoms, in addition to some clinical serum levels in fibromyalgia.A fibromialgia e uma sindrome reumatica caracterizada por dor musculo-esqueletica generalizada sem alteracoes organicas demonstraveis. A sindrome tambem e frequentemente associada com outros sintomas, tais como, fadiga, disturbios do sono, rigidez matinal, dispneia, depressao e ansiedade, resultando em uma baixa qualidade de vida, determinando interesse por parte pacientes na medicina alternativa como complementar terapeutica. Estudos com Alpinia zerumbet demonstraram acao relaxante muscular, antiinflamatoria, antinociceptiva e ansiolitica. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos terapeuticos do uso topico do bioproduto a base do oleo essencial da Alpinia zerumbet no tratamento de pacientes com a fibromialgia. Foi desenvolvido um ensaio clinico do tipo II, randomico, controlado, por 8 semanas em 39 pacientes, todas do genero feminino, com media de idade 50,8 }2,44. Apos preencherem os criterios de inclusao para o estudo, as pacientes foram divididas em tres grupos: Grupo Controle (n=10) sem tratamento; Grupo oleo essencial da Alpinia zerumbet (n=10; 0.05 mL/7Kg); e Grupo amitriptilina (n=19; 25 mg/dia). As variaveis avaliadas foram: dor, depressao, qualidade do sono, ansiedade e qualidade de vida por meio de questionarios especificos; niveis de citocinas pro-inflamatorias (IL-1 À, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- ¿, IL-2R); niveis de alguns hormonios do eixo hipotalamo-hipofise-adrenal (T3 total, T4 Total, IGF-1, GH, ACTH, noradrenalina, cortisol, adrenalina e dopamina), alem dos niveis sericos de parametros bioquimicos relacionados a nocicepcao (serotonina e 5-HIAA). Os resultados dos questionarios do grupo tratado com OEAz apresentaram, escores significativamente menores em relacao ao grupo controle para depressao, qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida (p<0,01, 0,05 e 0,01); e ansiedade entre OEAz e AMT (p<0,01). Foi encontrado um aumento significativo nos niveis de IL-1, IL-8, e TNF- ¿ (p <0,05, 0,01 e 0,001) no grupo AMT. Os niveis sericos de cortisol foram reduzidos significativamente (p <0,05), enquanto que os niveis de dopamina foram elevados (p <0,05). Nao houve diferenca nos niveis sericos de T3 total, T4 total, IGF-1, GH, ACTH e noradrenalina; nos niveis sericos de IL-6 e IL- 2R; e nos sintomas de dor, independentemente da modalidade de tratamento (p> 0,05). Houve correlacao positiva entre o aumento dos niveis sericos de serotonina e melhora na qualidade do sono (r = 0,734, p = 0,038); e correlacao negativa entre cortisol e qualidade de vida (r = 0,5; p = 0,04) no grupo tratado com EOAz. Conclui-se que o EOAz melhora significativa no sono, sintomas depressivos e qualidade de vida, alem de alguns niveis sericos clinicos nas fibromialgicas.