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Hammarbäck, Jimmy. "Finding paths or getting lost? : Examining the mental model construct and mental model methodology." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140684.
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Mental models have been a popular concept for more than 30 years and used to explain many phenomena of human life – from logical reasoning and problem-solving to narrative comprehension and the understanding of complex dynamic systems. As such, the mental model has been studied with a great variety of techniques, from the cognitive interview and verbal protocol analysis to observations and computer-based network algorithms. However, while the concept has a keen interest, there exists no consensus on what a mental model is. Nor what methods to use when studying them. Instead, most researchers have used their own vague, and often intuitive, descriptions of the construct, resulting in an abundance of incomplete and incompatible concepts that have been studied without many methodological considerations. This thesis aims to examine the mental model concept, and provide a working definition by describing associated functions, characteristics and nature. Moreover, a new methodological framework is developed and used as means to highlight mental model methodological issues. Lastly, given the lack of mental model methodological issues in research, the Pathfinder technique is validated as a starting point of this important field of study. Among the results, it is concluded that the Pathfinder technique is not valid. Consequently, researchers should be wary of Pathfinder technique’s limited use in complex domains, such as information security.
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Paterson, Marty. "A mental health model of older Canadians." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2567.
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Malgré des études prolifiques sur le bien-être et la détresse psychologique, peu d'études ont testé la relation entre ces domaines de la santé mentale. De plus, il y a peu de modèles de la santé mentale qui ont été validés auprès des personnes âgées. II est essentiel de comprendre la notion de santé mentale des personnes agées étant donné le nombre important que represents cette population. Obiectifs : L'objectif de cette étude était de tester un modèle de mesure de la santé mentale chez les Canadiennes et Canadiens agés. Une validation de construit a été realisée pour les échelles de mesures du bien-être et la détresse psychologique et l'hypothèse d'indépendance des deux dimensions a été examinée. Le modèle a été testé selon le sexe et l'âge. Méthodoloqie : Les données proviennent de L'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes - Cycle 1.2 - Santé mentale et Bien-être de Statistique Canada (2002). Cette étude épidemiologique transversale a été realisée auprès de 37 000 canadiens vivant dans la communauté dont 8 000 personnes de 65 ans et plus. Les échelles de mesures incluent l'Echelle de mesure des manifestations de bien-être psychologique de Masse et al. et le K10, une mesure de détresse psychologique developpée par Kessler et al. Les modèles d'équations structurales ont été testés à l'aide de la version 8.71 de LISREL. Résultats : Le modèle 2-facteur était valide pour les hommes et les femmes ages de 55 - 74 et 75 et plus. Ses résultats sont en accord avec la littérature. L'échele du bien être besoin plus d'études de validation. Des échantillons plus grands des personnes âgées ont nécessaires pour valider l'étude étant donne les méthodes utilités.
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Stetzer, Michael W. Jr. "Shared mental models' impact on the onboarding process." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34553.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Patrick A. Knight
The present study examined onboarding information acquisition and the mediated impact of shared mental model on newcomers' organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit. Onboarding is the initial stage of the socialization process that provides information pertinent to facilitating newcomers' transition into the organization. Previous research stated that a dearth in the socialization literature existed pertaining to intra-individual cognitive mediators. As a result, the present study identified and evaluated the variable, shared mental model, as an underlying mechanism through which information acquisition operated within the onboarding process. The study postulated that newcomers actively evaluated for perceived congruency their own mental models with those espoused by the organization with these perceptions influencing individual organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit. Data were collected via Qualtrics from 305 full-time employees who were experiencing onboarding at the time of study. Participants completed a series of scales relevant to newcomer information seeking behavior, clarity of job role and work processes, and specific organizational outcomes (e.g., organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit) through an online data collection hub. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structures for each of the latent variables (the antecedent, mediator, three socialization outcomes) evaluated in the present study. The proposed mediated socialization process was then examined by way of structural equation modeling. Results showed that shared mental models did mediate the relationships between newcomer employee behaviors and specific socialization outcomes. Furthermore, relationships between the antecedent, newcomer employee behaviors, and two of the socialization consequences, organizational commitment and job satisfaction, appeared to be fully mediated by the presence of shared mental models in the analysis (the intentions to quit relationship was partially mediated). Practical and theoretical implications, in addition to limitations and recommendations of the research are discussed.
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Senior, Jane. "The development of prison mental health services based on a community mental health model." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:85467.
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Young, Christopher John. "Decompressing the Mental Number Line." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250616640.
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Andresen, Retta. "The experience of recovery from schizophrenia development of a definition, model and measure of recovery /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080703.161126/index.html.
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Dienes, Kimberly Ann. "The biopsychosocial model of risk for depression." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1627039411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Pulcins, Indra R. "Self-help in mental health : operationalizing a conceptual model." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26597.
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This study aims to examine the self-help mode of care giving in mental health, especially the manner in which the working self-help model differs from its theoretical counterpart. For this purpose, a conceptual model of operationalizing self-help has been developed. This model traces the process of establishing self-help groups, from theory to practice, and incorporates the barriers such groups may face in becoming a viable alternative to the current health care system. These include the effects of public policy, the professional and the community. The results of this study, based on empirical evidence collected in Vancouver, B.C., suggest that at least to some extent, this model does accurately depict the processes involved with the operationalization of a self-help model, as well as the factors impinging on a full realization of self-help goals. Both public policy and professional influences serve to act as direct constraints to the full implementation of self-help. The community does not share this characteristic, partially due to favourable zoning policy in Vancouver. In spite of these barriers, self-help groups are able to function as an effective alternative. However, it is demonstrated that some of their original goals have not been fulfilled. In conclusion, a theoretical perspective, in the context of Marx and Weber, is outlined, thereby suggesting some of the broader issues associated with implementing a self-help model.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Wilkison, Bart D. "Effects of mental model quality on collaborative system performance." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22661.
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Wilkie, Andrew O. M. "The #alpha# thalassaemia/mental retardation syndromes : model systems for studying the genetic contribution to mental handicap." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292326.
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Bieling, Peter J. "Sociotropy and autonomy and the interpersonal model of depression, an integration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25016.pdf.
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Fogaca, Monica. "Papel da inferência na relação entre modelos mentais e modelos científicos sobre célula." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-16072007-143217/.
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Esta pesquisa fundamentou-se nos pressupostos teóricos da epistemologia genética de Piaget e teve por objetivo principal investigar as relações entre a compreensão do modelo científico sobre célula por alunos de ensino médio e a transformação de seus modelos e operações mentais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental de cunho qualitativo, na qual a metodologia de coleta de dados inspirou-se no método clínico e na metodologia de resolução de situações-problema. Esta foi aplicada por intermédio de um jogo construído especificamente para os propósitos desta pesquisa e denominado \"dominó do ciclo celular\". O experimento foi conduzido em oficinas de jogos oferecidas a alunos de primeiro e terceiro anos de ensino médio. Os dados coletados foram transformados em narrativas que possibilitaram inferir as estruturas do pensamento dos alunos que se ajustavam aos dados empíricos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a compreensão do modelo científico sobre célula, e talvez de outros conceitos referentes a objetos que não possuem atributos observáveis diretamente, depende diretamente da produção de inferências pelos procedimentos de indução, abdução e dialética. Estes procedimentos permitem aos alunos agir cognitivamente sobre objetos que não poderiam atuar diretamente. Constatou-se também que os modelos mentais dos alunos sobre célula se transformam em função do nível de operações mentais empregadas, e assim os modelos mentais podem ser bons indicadores para a avaliação da aprendizagem do modelo científico e do desenvolvimento das operações mentais. Os resultados indicam também a importância da integração entre a ação e a linguagem na compreensão de conceitos dessa natureza. A linguagem esteve presente tanto no diálogo, essencial para acessar as operações mentais, como na criação das metáforas que constituem os modelos mentais e científicos. Esta pesquisa propõe que a integração e evolução das operações mentais por meio das inferências, associadas à linguagem metafórica, possibilitem a construção da noção de um tipo de objeto permanente pertinente ao estádio das operações formais: a noção do objeto \"invisível\".This research evaluated the relationship between the comprehension of cell\'s scientific models by secondary level school students and the changes on their mental models and skills. It was based on Piaget\'s theoretical frameworks, Genetic Epistemology, and it deals with an experimental qualitative study. Data was obtained by a procedure based on clinic method and on the principles of problem solving. A game, specifically constructed for the purposes of this investigation and named \"Domino of cellular cycle\" was used to conduct the experiment. First and third class students of secondary level school played this game and the dialogues, occurred at each match, were recorded and transcripted in the style of narratives. Afterwards, the narrative allowed us to infer the students thought structures suitable to the empirical data. The results of the research draw to the conclusions that the comprehension of cell\'s scientific models, and maybe of other concepts relative to objects that do not present observable characters depend on the use of inferences. These were created by procedures of induction, abduction and dialectic, therefore these allow the contact with this type of object because the students could not act directly upon them. We also verify that students\' mental models change accordingly to their level\'s skills. In this way, mental models can be good indicators to evaluate the concept learned and the skills developed. The results also draw to the important role of inference to connect action and language in the process of this type of concept comprehension. Language, in this way, was essential to access mental skills and to create the metaphors, and also constitute mental and scientific models. We propose that the use of inferences associated to the creation of metaphors allow the construction of a type of knowledge related to the formal operatory stage, a type of \"permanent object notion\": the \"invisible\" object notion.
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Bell, James John. "Preliminary evidence for a neuro-cognitive model of mental toughness." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/preliminary-evidence-for-a-neurocognitive-model-of-mental-toughness(a6781902-8c56-4853-b381-5ebc3ae9f8c8).html.
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The thesis contains four chapters which attempt to extend our understanding of mental toughness. The thesis focuses predominantly on sporting environments, which can be very stressful and often require athletes to perfonn under intense pressure; as such it provides a useful context to examine mental toughness. Using Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST; McNaughton & Gray, 2000) as a theoretical framework, the thesis contains five empirical studies (organised into two chapters for the purpose of publication), which attempt to apply the principles of RST to understand how cricketers maintain or enhance their performance under pressure. The thesis is not a test of Reinforcement Sensitivity but an application of its principles in a novel environment. Chapter 1 critically reviews the research on mental toughness and highlights a number of theoretical and empirical limitations which need to be resolved. Most notably these include: (i) circuitous and somewhat confusing definitions; (ii) only modest attempts to draw upon relevant theory to inform a priori hypothesis testing; (ii i) a lack of valid measurement too ls; and (iv) limited experimental studies that focus on the development of mental toughness. The chapter finishes by proposing a neuro-cognitive explanation of mentally tough behaviour based on the tenets of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (McNaughton & Gray. 2000). Chapter 2 contains four separate studies. The first two studies were concerned with the development of a valid, informant-rated, questionnaire to measure mental toughness. The final two studies explored the interactive relationship between rein forcement sensitivities and mental toughness. The findings of the stud ies suggested that the relationship between RST and mental toughness is a somewhat complex one in that cricketers rated as mentally tough by their coaches tended to be sensitive to punishment cues and insensitive to reward cues. In contrast, cricketers rated as low in mental toughness by their coaches tended to be sensitive to punishment cues and reward cues. These results are discussed and explained in terms of threat detection, behavioural inhibition and dec ision making accuracy. Chapter 3 depicts a quasi-experimental, longitud inal intervent ion study. The study reports on the design, delivery and evaluation ofa theoretically grounded mental tough ness training program for youth aged Academy cricketers. The intervention was designed to expose cricketers to punishment conditioned stimuli in the training environment and to equip them with effective coping skills to manage threat. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical and applied implications of using punishment to alter behaviour. Chapter 4 concludes the thesis. More specificall y, the chapter provides a summary and integrated discussion of the thesis findings, implications from both theoretical and applied perspectives, methodological and conceptual lim itations and avenues for future research.
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Anderson, Allan Lawrence. "Assumptions constructing a school superintendent's mental model for technology use." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/anderson/AndersonA0509.pdf.
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The continual innovation with technology in the world has caused many significant changes which have affected Montana superintendents' managerial, instruction, and political roles. The political environments of NCLB and community technology expectations created a unique context for the superintendent of the case study. Montana superintendents are learning to integrate technology into their roles to improve schools and increasing student growth. Approaches a Montana superintendent with a "high reputation" for technology implemented into his roles to improve schools and increase student achievement are documented in the study. Reasons for implementing the technological approaches answered research questions focusing on assumptions held in mental models. Case study research with a mental model theoretical framework was used to describe technological approaches the superintendent integrated into his roles. Interviews, observations, field notes, and artifacts provided data required to describe the technological approaches. Assumptions clustered together provided the insight to understand technology approaches from emerging themes. Assumptions were drawn from themes and checked with the superintendent. The superintendent managed his district resources in essentially a paperless office. Student records were managed with technology in his schools. Internet connections made communication instant. The assumptions of efficiency drove decisions to implement managerial technology approaches. The superintendent's belief that students preferred learning with technology indicated a student-centered instructional leadership style. The superintendent believed tapping into students' interest in technology was a way to motivate them. The superintendent believed that alignment of student learning preferences with instruction was important. To integrate technology into instruction required professional development in order to make teachers comfortable infusing technology into instruction to deliver content, technological assessment approaches, and continuous visibility to sustain political support. The assumptions held by the superintendent that affected the superintendent's approaches to integrate technology through his roles were 1) leadership's belief that student learning preferences with technology were important, 2) leadership belief that technological learning and instruction should be aligned, 3) leadership's belief that teachers needed professional development to become comfortable with technology, 4) leadership's belief that alternative technological assessment data were superior to yearly AYP results, and 5) leadership's skills in fostering supportive relationships created a political shared will.
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McKenna, James. "An application of the transtheoretical model to mental training exercises." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364982.
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Gill, Kalbinder Kaur. "Pathophysiology of a mouse model of X-linked mental retardation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4394/.
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Mental retardation (MR) affects 23% of the population; those due to X linked mutations commonly result in moderate to severe MR. The OPHN1 gene (Ophn1 in mice) has been implicated in X linked mental retardation (XLMR) and encodes the RhoGAP protein, oligophrenin 1. Loss of function mutations alter Rho GTPase dependent signalling pathways and result in altered actin cytoskeleton dynamics which are important in dendritic spine structure, the site of neurotransmission. Here, using electrophysiological recordings combined with intracellular staining techniques and dendritic morphological analysis, I characterise synaptic (dys)function in neocortical and hippocampal neurons from the Ophn1 mouse model of MR. This study demonstrates an excitatory synaptic deficit in neocortical neurons combined with region specific changes in dendritic spine morphology. Inhibitory transmission was normal in both neocortical and hippocampal neurons. Kainate induced gamma oscillations were unaltered whereas spontaneous oscillations were reduced which lead to changes in synaptic function in CA3. Morphometric analysis showed ventriculomegaly in Ophn1 deficient mice that was associated with reduced cortical thickness. This study shows the loss of several previously reported phenotypes, including, altered inhibitory transmission, gamma oscillations and vesicle dynamics. Their loss, but preservation of morphological deficits, suggests that the model may be susceptible to genetic drift.
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Ortín, Nadal Anna Pilar. "Mental activity in Descartes' causal-semantic model of sensory perception." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31538.
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The aim of this thesis is to defend a reading of Descartes' theory of sensory perception in which, against a widespread interpretation, the mind is not a passive receiver of inputs from the environment, but an active decoder of neural information that contributes to the representational content of ideas. I call this the 'mental activity thesis' and, in the overall picture, I identify it as one of the philosophical implications of the seventeenth-century scientific revolution. Within Descartes' dualism, to offer a theory of sensory perception amounts to describing the interplay between the natural world, the brain, and the mind. Given his mechanistic, micro-corpuscular conception of matter, Descartes developed detailed physiological descriptions of the interaction between external objects and the brain. He envisaged it as an isomorphic relation in which the characteristics of objects are transmitted through the nerves to the brain as patterns of geometrically reduced properties. This process is often read as culminating with the mind being passively affected by a corporeal isomorph. Descartes' doctrine becomes elusive in its mental phase, but the passivity reading, so I contend, remains inadequate. I argue for the mental activity thesis through four claims. First, I subscribe the known view that Descartes is concerned about a version of the mind-body problem that is not equivalent to the problem of substance interaction. It is rather a problem of dissimilarity between mental representations and mechanistic explanations. The question is how the qualitative character of sensory experiences can arise from the quantitative notions of physical science. As a way of emphasising the weight that the problem of dissimilarity has for Descartes' philosophical decisions, I show that it motivates a metaphysically interesting distinction between types of causes for the case of brain-mind interaction. Second, I defend the position that, despite not holding a perfectly unambiguous doctrine, Descartes' introduction of natural signs is the closest that he got to formulating a full-fledged theory of sensory perception. The appeal to natural signs has been normally deemed as metaphorical in the literature. I argue that, on the contrary, it is possible to reconstruct a causal story for brain-mind interaction along the lines of a semantic model based on Descartes' identification of neural events with natural signs. A causal-semantic model emerges as a charitable, plausible reading that reveals the mind as an active interpreter. Third, in light of the mental activity thesis, I read Descartes' late appeal to the innateness of all ideas (notably in the Comments on a Certain Broadsheet) as a strategy to account for a type of representational content needed for sensory ideas that, while produced by the mind, is different from that of his paradigmatic innate ideas. I assist Descartes in exploring how the category of innateness captures mental activity within a causal-semantic theory. Fourth, in the course of this argumentation, and for further support, I address the role of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities in Descartes' theory. I tackle a pervasive objection stemming from his alleged association of the perception of primary qualities with the intellect. By reassessing Descartes' views on mental activity, this interpretation aims at a lucid description of sensory perception that goes beyond the rigid rationalism that is often credited to him.
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Filipsson, Hampus, and Victor Gustafsson. "An Extended Mental Accounting Model for Green Last Mile Delivery." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21952.
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Background. Several technologies are being developed to reduce emissions to make the transportsector greener. Extensive research has been conducted on the supply side of these technologies, but not as much on the demand side. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze end consumers’ preferences for green last mile delivery. Electric roads are used to represent green technologies. The purpose is examined by investigating consumers’ preferences for the last mile delivery attributes delivery fee, delivery speed, delivery point and emission reduction using mental accounting. Methods. A choice-based conjoint analysis is conducted to gather data on 196 Swedish online consumers’ preferences. The choice experiment is conducted in two contexts to examine how these preferences differ between involvement in the product being transported. Data is analyzed with a Hierarchical Bayesian model. Results. The results show that consumers think emission reductions are more important than delivery fee when choosing last mile delivery. Consumers with low purchase frequency have higher preferences for emission reductions than consumers with higher purchase frequency. Also, females prefer higher rates of emission reductions relative to males when choosing last mile delivery for low involvement products, while there are no differences in the high involvement case. Preferences for the green attribute of last mile delivery do not vary between age and income groups, but preferences between these groups differ for other attributes. Conclusions. These findings indicate that consumers use an environmental responsibility account when choosing last mile delivery and that it has high importance relative to a money account but similar importance as the convenience and time accounts. Preferences are different when choosing transport for high and low involvement products and consumers with different characteristics. Implications. Firms offering last mile delivery services could use technologies to make their services greener and gain a competitive advantage since consumers prefer these green options.Bakgrund. Flera teknologier som kan göra transportsektorn grönare genom att minska utsläpp ärunder utveckling. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på utbudssidan av dessa teknologier och mindre fokus har legat på efterfrågesidan. Syfte. Denna studie har som syfte att analysera konsumenters preferenser för grön transport. Den inriktar sig specifikt på transporten från butiker eller lager till konsumenten. Elvägar används i denna studie som grön teknologi. Syftet undersöks genom att studera konsumenter preferenser för transportattributen, fraktpris, leveranstid, utlämningsplats och utsläppsminskning med hjälp av mental accounting teorin. Metod. En valbaserad conjoint-analys används för att samla in data på 196 svenska onlinekonsumenters preferenser. Valexperimentet utförs med två olika kontexter för att undersöka hur konsumenters preferenser skiljer sig beroende på hur involverade de är i produkten som ska transporteras. Data analyseras sedan med en hierarkisk bayes modell. Resultat. Resultatet visar att konsumenter anser att utsläppsminskning är viktigare än leveransprisvid val av transport. Konsumenter med låg köpfrekvens har högre preferenser för utsläppsminskning jämfört med konsumenter med högre köpfrekvens. Kvinnor har högre preferenser för utsläppsminskning jämfört med män. Denna skillnad gäller enbart vid val av transport för produkter med låg konsumentinvolvering. Det finns inga skillnader mellan olika konsumentgrupper som skapas beroendepå konsumenternas inkomst eller ålder för attributet utsläppsminskning. Grupperingar på dessa konsumentkaraktäristiker visar dock skillnader i preferenser för andra transportattribut. Slutsatser. Resultaten indikerar att konsumenter använder ett mentalt konto för miljövänliga köp vid val av transport. Detta konto är relativt viktigare än deras mentala konto för pengar och är lika viktigt som de mentala kontona för tid och bekvämlighet. Konsumenters preferenser skiljer sig beroende på hur involverade de är i produkten som ska transporteras. Preferenserna skiljer sig även mellan olika konsumentgrupper. Implikationer. Företag som erbjuder frakt kan använda teknologier för att göra deras service grönare och därigenom få konkurrensfördelar eftersom konsumenter har preferenser för gröna alternativ.
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Winkley, Michael Lee. "Strang a new model of concepts and analogy /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Chung, Chia-Ling Chung. "Factors associated with mental health service utilization among young adults with mental illness." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1499248494469518.
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Efremova, Natalia. "A hierarchical neural network model of object recognition and mental rotation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157471.
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Dickert, Stephan, Janet Kleber, Daniel Västfjäll, and Paul Slovic. "Mental imagery, impact, and affect: A mediation model for charitable giving." Public Library of Science, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148274.
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One of the puzzling phenomena in philanthropy is that people can show strong compassion
for identified individual victims but remain unmoved by catastrophes that affect large numbers
of victims. Two prominent findings in research on charitable giving reflect this idiosyncrasy:
The (1) identified victim and (2) victim number effects. The first of these suggests that
identifying victims increases donations and the second refers to the finding that people's
willingness to donate often decreases as the number of victims increases. While these
effects have been documented in the literature, their underlying psychological processes
need further study. We propose a model in which identified victim and victim number effects
operate through different cognitive and affective mechanisms. In two experiments we present
empirical evidence for such a model and show that different affective motivations
(donor-focused vs. victim-focused feelings) are related to the cognitive processes of impact
judgments and mental imagery. Moreover, we argue that different mediation pathways exist
for identifiability and victim number effects.
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Baxter, Kathy K. "The effects of sound on the formation of a mental model." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28546.
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Shi, Tong. "Toward constructing a memory model for building a Chinese mental lexicon." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392908882.
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Mogford, Richard H. (Richard Hugh) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The characteristics and importance of the air traffic controller's mental model." Ottawa, 1990.
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Lopez, Hector. "A descriptive study of LAPD's co-response model for individuals with mental illness." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10096071.
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Police strategies have transformed over the years. The prior approach of criminalizing mental illness by incarcerating those in mental health crisis in jails was exposed to be ineffective. The development of partnerships between police officers and mental health professionals was the next evolution in the law enforcement response to mental illness. This collaboration works in partnership to provide positive outcomes for those struggling with a mental health crisis. This quantitative study evaluated the effectiveness of the co-response model by completing a secondary data analysis of pre-existing 2014-2015 data extracted from the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Mental Evaluation Unit database documenting law enforcement encounters with consumers of mental health services. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted on 15,454 records. Significant findings indicate that this new partnership has provided a positive impact in deterring the criminalization of persons with mental illness by directly connecting those persons to more appropriate treatment facilities to help them manage their symptoms and conditions.
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Frumento, Rebecca. "Experiencing Flow in the Clubhouse Model of Psychosocial Rehabilitation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/735.
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Persons with mental illness struggle daily to overcome their illnesses that relentlessly attack the mind. In efforts to revolutionize mental health treatment, psychologists and doctors have attempted to go beyond symptom reduction. One such method is the Clubhouse Model of psychosocial rehabilitation that welcomes persons with severe mental illness into a socially supportive environment and involves them in meaningful and productive work (Doyle, Lanoil & Dudek, 2013). The Clubhouse Model works: its members report greater feelings of functionality, autonomy, and happiness (Tanaka & Davidson, 2015). However, it is not yet clear how exactly the Clubhouse Model is so effective. The current proposed study will apply the psychology phenomena of flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990) to the Clubhouse Model’s core structure, its work-ordered day.
This proposed study will collect data on Clubhouse members’ experience in three activities: the work-ordered day, free time, and therapy to determine if they are ever in a state of flow. The proposal will collect the data over a six-month period using the Experience Sampling Method (Hektner, Schmidt & Csikszentmihalyi, 2007). Additionally, the proposal will collect longitudinal data of the members’ quality of life (QoL) to determine if members’ QoL increase due to their Clubhouse membership. The proposal’s first hypothesis is that members will experience greater levels of flow during the activities of the work-ordered day over their free time and therapy. The proposal’s second hypothesis is that by experiencing flow, Clubhouse members will experience greater levels of QoL.
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Arnold, Michael Stuart. "Teaching a scientific mental model. A case study : using analogy to construct a model of thermal processes." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317714.
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Yagmur-Kilimci, Elif Sezen. "3D mental visualization in architectural design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37132.
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Many architects report about mentally visualizing 3D aspects of their design ideas while simply working with 2D sketches of them. Indeed, in architecture, the general practice of conveying 3D building information by means of 2D drawings bears on the assumptions that every architect can mentally visualize a building in 3D by looking at its 2D drawings or sketches and that architects, as many report, can capture the 3D aspects of a building design during such 3D mental visualization practices. Additionally, many intuitively believe that the levels at which architects perform such 3D mental visualization practices is highly correlated to their spatial visualization abilities as defined by existing measures of spatial visualization ability. This thesis presents the outcomes of protocol studies and analyses that were conducted with the aim of developing an in-depth understanding about such 3D mental visualization practices and capabilities of architects on the basis of four research questions. First, what might be the nature of the 3D mental visualization phenomena that architects claim to experience: what are the features of these 3D mental visualizations as evidenced in specific tasks; and what might be the nature of the mental representations created during these visualization processes? Second, can every architect carry out these 3D mental visualization practices; might there be individual differences among architects' performances? Third, might 3D mental visualization of buildings be only an architectural skill; can non-architects, who can read 2D architectural drawings, visualize a building in 3D based on its 2D drawings and can they do so to the same levels of performance of those of architects? Fourth, might performance in 3D mental visualization tasks be related to/predicted by spatial visualization ability? The major conclusions of this thesis with regard to the first research question include that (1) architects can be visualizing the buildings in one of the two major forms or by alternatively switching between them: by imagining themselves situated within (almost) the actual size 3D building environment or by imagining a 3D small scale model of the building; (2) the mental representations they create during these visualization processes capture the various visual and spatial aspects of the buildings with a structure similar to that of an actual size or small scale model of the visualized space/form, yet the way they capture these aspects is not like the way these aspects would be captured from a certain viewpoint in reality; and (3) what they experience during these visualization processes is not like the continuous holistic visuospatial experience that one would have when looking at a building or walking inside/around a building. With regard to the second, third and fourth research questions this thesis concludes that (question 2) architects differ in their 3D mental visualization skills; (question 3) 3D mental visualization is an architectural skill in that it relies on certain abilities that become heightened in architects, possibly during education; and (question 4) 3D mental visualization skills are not related to spatial visualization ability as defined by the standard paper-folding test of spatial visualization ability.
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Greene, Jennifer A. "Assessing Readiness to Seek Formal Mental Health Services: Development and Initial Validation of the Mental Health Belief Model Assessment (MHBMA)." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7159.
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Only a small percentage of people with mental health issues utilize mental health services. This would seem contradictory given the increasing understanding of mental disorders, their high prevalence, and associated disability and distress. Research shows that individual level factors, such as perceptions of need, mental health knowledge, mental health attitudes, and mental health literacy, are related to individuals’ decisions to seek mental health services. The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits four types of health beliefs that affect an individual’s health behavior, in this case, the decision to seek mental health services. To date, researchers and clinicians have no assessment tool to empirically identify the factors affecting a particular individual’s decision making about using mental health services. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop and validate a self-report instrument, called the Mental Health Belief Model Assessment (MHBMA), designed to assess readiness to seek formal mental health services. Based on the HBM, the MHBMA includes 76 items grouped into five scales: Perceived Susceptibility and Fears, Perceived Severity, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, and Self-efficacy. A 20-item short form was also developed. The responses of a validation sample of 192 adults provided the initial evidence for reliability and validity of the MHBMA. In terms of reliability, internal consistency reliability was high for each scale, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging from .90 to .97, and test-retest correlation coefficients for each scale were strong, ranging from .82 to .92. Evidence for validity was examined via test content, internal structure, and relations to other variables. Specifically, moderate to high correlations in the expected directions were found between the MHBMA and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form and the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale. The scale scores on the MHBMA were also examined in relation to a number of demographic and service use variables. Guidelines for use and interpretation on the MHBMA, delimitations and limitations of the current study, and implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Hauraki, Jennifer. "A model minority?: Chinese youth and mental health services in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1876.
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The 'model minority' label given to Chinese populations in New Zealand and other Western countries have made it difficult to truly comprehend the difficulties faced by some Chinese ethnic minorities. Despite comparable rates and types of mental health problems to their European counterparts, identifiable barriers have led to Chinese ethnic minorities underutilising mental health services. The present study investigated the mental health service utilisation in native- and foreign-born Chinese youth in New Zealand, paying particular attention to barriers to service utilisation and viable solutions for these difficulties. It consisted of three individual projects and explored the views of Chinese community and mental health professionals and Chinese university students, comparing their perspectives to university students of other ethnicities. Findings showed that despite a willingness to seek help from their family and mental health professionals (e.g., psychologists, school counsellors), respondents identified a myriad of obstacles to the help seeking of Chinese youth. These included physical barriers (e.g., financial and transport constraints), personal barriers (e.g., stigma, problems accepting their difficulties), service barriers (e.g., paucity of knowledge regarding mental health problems and available services) and family barriers (e.g., obstruction from family members). Family and service barriers distinguished the difficulties faced by Chinese in comparison to European youth, particularly with regards to the adherence of professionals to stereotypes of Chinese youth, a unique finding of this study. In order to reduce such barriers, the Chinese university students and professionals advocated for greater education regarding mental health problems and services in the Chinese community, education for Chinese parents regarding adolescent issues, an increase in the number of practicing Chinese professionals that is coupled with improved cross-cultural training for non-Chinese professionals, as well as individual assessment and treatment approaches with Chinese youth and their families.Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Turner, Jayne University of Ballarat. "Mental health of older adults : the development and testing of a model." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12778.
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The high rates of depression and suicide among older adults have given rise to research which aims to identify factors that protect older people from mental illness. Recently, Bailey and McLaren (2005) developed and tested a model which investigated the relationships between engagement in various leisure activities performed alone or with others, sense of belonging, depression, and suicidal ideation. The present study examined an extended version of the mental health model, incorporating the additional variables of perceived freedom in leisure and physical health status. A sample of Australian males and females (N = 379) aged 65 years and over (M age = 77.23, SD = 7.48) completed the Perceived Freedom in Leisure Questionnaire, the Yale Physical Activity Survey,the Duke Health Profile, the Sense of Belonging Instrument, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depressive Scale, and the Suicide Subscale of the General Health Questionnaire. Results indicated that the model was invariant for gender, and accounted for 56% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The model indicated that physical health had direct relationships with each variable in the model. Perceived freedom in leisure predicted engagement in physical activity, sense of belonging-antecedent, and depression, whereas sense of belonging psychological state predicted depression and suicidal ideation. Results suggest that interventions aimed at improving older adults’ perceptions of freedom and personal choice with regard to their leisure experiences, maintaining optimal health, and increasing opportunities to foster feelings of belonging and relatedness with others, should protect against the development of mental ill health.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Turner, Jayne. "Mental health of older adults : the development and testing of a model." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15389.
Full textAbstract:
The high rates of depression and suicide among older adults have given rise to research which aims to identify factors that protect older people from mental illness. Recently, Bailey and McLaren (2005) developed and tested a model which investigated the relationships between engagement in various leisure activities performed alone or with others, sense of belonging, depression, and suicidal ideation. The present study examined an extended version of the mental health model, incorporating the additional variables of perceived freedom in leisure and physical health status. A sample of Australian males and females (N = 379) aged 65 years and over (M age = 77.23, SD = 7.48) completed the Perceived Freedom in Leisure Questionnaire, the Yale Physical Activity Survey,the Duke Health Profile, the Sense of Belonging Instrument, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depressive Scale, and the Suicide Subscale of the General Health Questionnaire. Results indicated that the model was invariant for gender, and accounted for 56% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The model indicated that physical health had direct relationships with each variable in the model. Perceived freedom in leisure predicted engagement in physical activity, sense of belonging-antecedent, and depression, whereas sense of belonging psychological state predicted depression and suicidal ideation. Results suggest that interventions aimed at improving older adults’ perceptions of freedom and personal choice with regard to their leisure experiences, maintaining optimal health, and increasing opportunities to foster feelings of belonging and relatedness with others, should protect against the development of mental ill health.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Say, Tessa. "The mental representation of Italian morphology : evidence for the dual-mechanism model." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310049.
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Gray, Jesse V. 1979. "Reusing a robot's behavioral mechanisms to model and manipulate human mental states." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57570.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-129).
In a task domain characterized by physical actions and where information has value, competing teams gain advantage by spying on and deceiving an opposing team while cooperating teammates can help the team by secretly communicating new information. For a robot to thrive in this environment it must be able to perform actions in a manner to deceive opposing agents as well as to be able to secretly communicate with friendly agents. It must further be able to extract information from observing the actions of other agents. The goal of this research is to expand on current human robot interaction by creating a robot that can operate in the above scenario. To enable these behaviors, an architecture is created which provides the robot with mechanisms to work with hidden human mental states. The robot attempts to infer these hidden states from observable factors and use them to better understand and predict behavior. It also takes steps to alter them in order to change the future behavior of the other agent. It utilizes the knowledge that the human is performing analogous inferences about the robot's own internal states to predict the effect of its actions on the human's knowledge and perceptions of the robot. The research focuses on the implicit communication that is made possible by two embodied agents interacting in a shared space through nonverbal interaction. While the processes used by a robot differ significantly from the cognitive mechanisms employed by humans, each face the similar challenge of completing the loop from sensing to acting. This architecture employs a self-as-simulator strategy, reusing the robot's behavioral mechanisms to model aspects of the human's mental states. This reuse allows the robot to model human actions and the mental states behind them using the grammar of its own representations and actions.
by Jesse Vail Gray.
Ph.D.
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Thomas, Valerie. "The therapeutic functions of mental imagery in psychotherapy : constructing a theoretical model." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2011. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10561/.
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There is widespread implicit agreement within the field of psychotherapy about the therapeutic potential of mental imagery. A review of the literature indicates, however, a paucity of general theory. The literature on mental imagery is mainly concerned with its application i.e. procedures and techniques. Theorising, where it occurs, is usually informed by the specific psychological model espoused by the particular psychotherapeutic modality. In order to advance the utilisation of mental imagery as a therapeutic intervention, more attention needs to be paid to developing broader transtheoretical frameworks. In order to address this theory gap, research is required to identify common factors operating across all therapeutic schools with regard to the application of mental imagery. To this end a study was undertaken to inquire into potential category bases for developing generic typologies in mental imagery. A scoping exercise was undertaken of case studies of mental imagery in clinical practice published in academic journals in order to map out the field. A sample of suitable case vignettes drawn from a wide range of therapeutic approaches was selected. The imagery-related clinical material was abstracted and used as the data for a grounded theory style analysis. This analytic process disclosed one overarching category i.e. the therapeutic function of mental imagery and two core categories: 1. conveying information from the subconscious/wider mind-body system to the conscious mind, and 2. delivering directions from the conscious mind to the subconscious/wider mind-body system. These two categories were further differentiated into the following six specific functions: diagnostic; monitoring; processing; reparative; process management; and framing. It is proposed that this emerging functional typology of mental imagery has the potential to be the base of a coherent unifying transtheoretical model. These findings are discussed and critiqued in the light of the original unabridged data, and the researcher’s own clinical practice with mental imagery. The relevance and implications of these findings are considered with regard to the wider field of psychotherapeutic practice. Recommendations are made regarding the further testing out and refinement of this potential model of the therapeutic functionality of mental imagery. This study is accompanied (and its subject matter further illuminated) by an account of the researcher’s own heuristic inquiry into the subjective and tacit dimensions of her research journey disclosed through symbolising this process as a mental image and monitoring its changes over time.
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Lucas, Grace. "All 'in the mind'? : towards a new model of embodied mental health." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/287/.
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The National Clinical Director of Mental Health for NHS England has said that we need to ‘dump Descartes’, and the authors of one of psychiatry’s principal diagnostic manuals have stated that the term mental disorder is a dualistic anachronism. Existing critical challenges to dualism, including affect theory, new materialism and phenomenology, have sought to reinstate meaning for the material body, and biomedical work exploring the immune system, epigenetics and the microbiome-gut-brain axis suggests that mind over matter is an untenable principle. Moreover, UK government health strategies have come to recognise the relationship between mental and physical health outcomes and are increasingly focused on connecting up care. However, mind and body dualism is deeply and habitually ingrained in medical practice, healthcare structures and research silos. Despite efforts focused on integration, the dominating influence of psychiatric discourse and the focus on mental health within the confines of the head continue to reinforce the split. Working with a transdisciplinary critical medical humanities framework, and guided by feminist criticism gesturing towards making social change, this thesis critiques dominant models of mental health focused on immaterial thoughts or brain dysfunction, both of which overwrite embodied dimensions of experience. It argues that mental health involves physical beings in constant contact with the world and that without a shift in the language, the social, corporeal and environmental aspects of mental health remain tacked on to problematically individualised and internalised constructs. To go against the grain of language, the thesis then moves on to find appropriate tools and models with which to conceptualise non-dualist ontologies and to gesture towards an embodied model of mental health. It concludes that a radical shift in mental health research and practice is urgently needed that drops out of the head and into the ‘being-body’.
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Price, Rachel S. M. (Rachel E. )Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. "Assessment of the expert locomotive engineer's mental Model through expert-novice interactions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127091.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-94).
Today, many long-haul freight locomotives around the world are equipped with autothrottle systems that follow pre-computed and fuel-efficient speed plans. However, these systems cannot adapt to changes in operational constraints or engineers' train handling preferences, which results in engineers taking back manual control. To address issues created by this traded approach scheme, a new operational mode is envisioned that allows operators to shape automation behavior. Although high level goals have been enumerated by previous task analyses, there has been little research on how engineers actually drive routes, identify situations, and make train handling decisions. To fill this gap , five subject pairs drove a U.S. DOT/FRA freight locomotive research simulator along a 65 mile route, responding to signals, speed restrictions and dispatcher orders. Each subject pair consisted of one expert and one novice subject. One subject was seated at the controls and the other subject was seated in the conductor's position. The subject at the controls had limited access to information and relied on verbal communication with the other subject to safely manipulate the train controls. Subjects drove the route twice, once at each position. The research team developed a coding scheme based on cognitive linguistics research and prior work on freight driving strategies to categorize each interaction from the study. Analysis of this data suggested that experienced engineers know what decisions and actions should be taken when various situations are encountered along a route, but their train handling (e.g. braking) tactics vary. Next-generation autothrottle systems should leverage the engineer's ability to assess operational context and initiate actions. Additionally, these systems should allow the operator to make speed plan modifications at both the tactical and strategic level to accommodate the observed variation between engineers' control strategies.
by Rachel Price.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Gifford, Corey. "A Model for a Haitian Comprehensive Community Mental Health Center: An Accounting." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1438630721.
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Gillis, Lauren K. "A Model for Implementing Residential Mental Health Treatment in NYS Correctional Settings." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1503706092388649.
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Zhang, Endong, and 张恩东. "Beneficial effects of lycium barbarum in rat depression model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46477111.
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Mazzocco, Philip James. "Moderators of the effects of mental imagery on persuasion the cognitive resources model and the imagery correction model /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127050519.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 251 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-174). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Roker, Rosalyn. "Perspectives of older Blacks and Whites living with serious mental illness about outpatient mental health services." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7708.
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In the United States, over three million adults, age 50 and older, reported a diagnosis of serious mental illness (SMI) in the past year. Most of them live in community-settings and are less likely than younger adults to utilize mental health treatment. Lack of and insufficient treatment for SMI places them at increased risk of morbidity, earlier mortality, cognitive decline, and diminished quality of life. The current study aimed to: (1) examine the factors that influence Black and White older adults, who live with SMI, to seek and engage in outpatient mental health treatment; (2) identify the perspectives of Black and White older adults, who live with SMI, on the issues of accessibility, affordability, appropriateness, and availability of outpatient mental health services; and (3) determine whether the perspectives of Blacks and Whites are different on the issues of accessibility, affordability, appropriateness, and availability of outpatient mental health services.
I developed a qualitative, interview-based study using the health belief model (HBM) as the theoretical framework. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants, between the ages of 50-70 years (mean age 58.9), who had a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Data themes related to factors that influenced outpatient mental health treatment and services were identified and organized based on the six HBM constructs. Perceived barriers to mental health treatment engagement included lack of knowledge about available treatment and services in the community, poor mental health literacy, and stigma. Improved sense of well-being and increased socialization were perceived benefits of mental health treatment engagement. Risk of homelessness emerged from the data as the main influence for Black and White older adults, who live with SMI, to seek and engage in outpatient mental health treatment. For all participants, access to and availability of mental health services were not current issues. All except one participant had some type of medical coverage for their treatment and most of them felt that their current treatment was appropriate. There were no differences between Black and White older adults on the issues of accessibility, affordability, appropriateness, and availability of outpatient mental health services. In addition, Black participants did not feel a need for mental health services to be specifically tailored to Black older adults, and instead indicated they saw no differences in Blacks and Whites related to mental health services. These findings are contrary to existing research and may be indicative of the gravity of mental illness-related stigma, compared to racial stigma.
Better promotion of available mental health services in the community, mental health outreach, and community education about mental illness may be helpful for earlier identification of symptoms related to mental illness, earlier treatment and intervention, stigma reduction, and improved health and quality of life for community-residing older adults who live with SMI.
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Goulter, Nicole S. "Patterns of care: Primary research in mental health nursing." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90853/1/Nicole_Goulter_Thesis.pdf.
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The foundation of mental health nursing has historically been grounded in an interpersonal, person-centred process of health care, yet recent evidence suggests that the interactional work of mental health nursing is being eroded. Literature emphasises the importance of person-centred care on consumer outcomes, a model reliant upon the intimate engagement of nurses and consumers. Yet, the arrival of medical interventions in psychiatry has diverted nursing work from the therapeutic nursing role to task-based roles delegated by medicine, distancing nurses from consumers. This study used work sampling methodology to observe the proportion of time nurses working in an inpatient mental health setting engage in specific activities. The observations of this study determined that nurses' time is accounted for 31.65% in direct care, 51.63% in indirect care and 16.71% in service related activities.
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Rodriguez, Adriana. "Stakeholder Views on Children’s Mental Health Services." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2891.
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Identification of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) has been an important development; however recently, some shortcomings of the approach have been highlighted. These complexities have led to a surge in transportability research in mental health services science with goals of identifying needed strategies to encourage the adoption of innovations. The mental health system ecological (MHSE) model is an approach necessary to assist with closing this gap effectively as it integrates mental health contexts: client-level, provider-level, intervention-specific, service delivery, organizational, and service system characteristics. The aim of this study is to use the MHSE model to examine perspectives of mental health stakeholders on their needs. Data consists of qualitative transcripts from parent, therapist, and administrator interviews/focus groups. Mixed methods were used to develop and analyze codes according to the MHSE model. Results suggested that stakeholder groups mentioned needs relevant to the group of interest and thus have implications for future dissemination efforts.
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Mateus, Mariana Gomes Simões Pestana. "Atitudes e crenças de uma amostra de produtores e médicos veterinários, relativas à implementação de medidas de biossegurança, em explorações de bovinos de carne em extensivo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20209.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAs práticas de biossegurança referem-se a ações individuais e coletivas implementadas a nível internacional, nacional, local e agrícola, a fim de reduzir o risco de introdução e disseminação de doenças infecciosas entre indivíduos, populações, explorações ou ecossistemas. Apesar da sua importância ser socialmente reconhecida, o compromisso dos veterinários e produtores de aplicar essas medidas depende da legislação, de fatores económicos, da sua viabilidade, da compreensão dos princípios de biossegurança e das suas atitudes e motivações. Para construir uma comunicação sobre medidas de biossegurança, é necessário identificar lacunas no conhecimento, atitudes menos positivas, e crenças e perceções enviesadas não baseadas em factos, que podem limitar o processo de aprendizagem. Durante este projeto, isso foi alcançado seguindo a abordagem dos modelos mentais na comunicação de riscos. A primeira etapa envolveu a realização de um painel de discussão com especialistas da área para criar um modelo mental de especialistas, juntamente com uma revisão bibliográfica. Em seguida, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com produtores e veterinários, a fim de descrever as atitudes e crenças presentes nos dois grupos. Em terceiro lugar, a prevalência de atitudes e crenças descritas nas entrevistas foi avaliada em ambos os grupos, com recurso a inquérito por questionário. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que os produtores atribuíram um papel maioritariamente remediativo aos médicos veterinários. Enquanto os médicos veterinários reforçaram o seu papel preventivo. Em contraste, os produtores admitiram depositar mais confiança nos médicos veterinários, do que noutros intervenientes. Tanto nas entrevistas, como no questionário, os inquiridos valorizaram as questões financeiras. Através de análise estatística, foi possível verificar que quanto maior a concordância com certas crenças negativas em relação à biossegurança, menor era a probabilidade e intenção de aplicar medidas numa exploração (p<0,05; g.l.=1; r=-0,99; erro padrão=0,49; Wald=4,11; razão de chances=0,37; intervalo de confiança 95,0% relativo à razão de chances, não inclui o número zero). Estes resultados têm implicações para a comunicação de riscos, que deve centrar-se em mudar crenças negativas face à biossegurança (como por exemplo, “Fazer colheita de sangue é uma medida de biossegurança por si só.”) e incrementar conhecimentos dos produtores e veterinários, tendo como referência o modelo mental dos especialistas.
ABSTRACT - Biosecurity practices refer to individual and collective actions implemented at international, national, local and agricultural levels, in order to reduce the risk of introducing and spreading infectious diseases among individuals, populations, farms or ecosystems. Although its importance is socially recognized, the commitment of veterinarians and farmers to apply these measures depends on the legislation, economic factors, their viability, the understanding of the principles of biosecurity and their attitudes and motivations. To build a communication on biosecurity measures, it is necessary to identify gaps in knowledge, less positive attitudes, and skewed non-factual beliefs and perceptions, which can limit the learning process. During this project, this was achieved following the approach of mental models in risk communication. The first stage involved holding a panel discussion with specialists in the field to create a specialists” mental model, together with a literature review. Then, individual interviews were conducted with farmers and veterinarians, in order to describe the attitudes and beliefs present in the two groups. Third, the prevalence of attitudes and beliefs described in the interviews was assessed in both groups, using a questionnaire survey. Through the results obtained, it was possible to observe that the farmers attributed a mainly rescuer role to veterinarians. While veterinarians reinforced their preventive role. In contrast, farmers admitted to placing more trust in veterinarians than in other stakeholders. Both in the interviews and in the questionnaire, respondents valued financial issues. Through statistical analysis, it was possible to verify that the greater the agreement with certain negative beliefs in relation to biosecurity, the lower the probability and intention of applying measures in a farm (p<0,05; d.f.=1; r=-0,99; standard error=0,49; Wald=4,11; odds ratio=0,37; 95.0% confidence interval related to the odds ratio, does not include the number zero). These results have implications for a risk communication, which should focus on changing negative beliefs towards biosecurity (such as “Blood sampling is a biosafety measure in its own right.”) and increasing knowledge of farmers and veterinarians, having as reference the mental model of specialists.
N/A
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Wagoro, Miriam Carole Atieno. "A grounded theory of the Kenya human interaction model for mental health nursing practice." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22901.
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Background: Although mental disorders is of great public health concern among Kenyan populations, mental health services remain poor. Some of the reasons attributed to delivery of poor mental health services are unfavourable work environment and lack of policy guidelines including a conceptual model of nursing.Quality of mental health nursing care significantly impacts on general mental health services in Kenya since they are predominantly provided by nurses. Lack of a model to guide care and improve mental health services created the need to develop the Kenyan Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to discover and develop a Kenyan model for mental health nursing guided by two research questions, namely: What are the views of Kenyan mental health nurses with regards to human being, environment, mental health nursing and mental health: What is the appropriate model for mental health nursing practice in Kenya? Methodology: Straussian Grounded Theory method was used in the study. Data were collected for 6 months through in-depth interviews with 33 registered mental health nurses selected by open, purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Inductive and deductive data analysis of the nurses' description of their views and recommendations on the nursing metaparadigms were done Findings: A substantive theory of the Kenyan Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice was developed .The four metaparadigm concepts of the discovered theory are: 1. Human being as a unique biopsychosocio-spiritual being and causal condition 2. Environment consisting of homely and hostile dimensions 3. Mental health nursing as a holistic care founded on human interaction 4. Mental health (consequence of holistic care) with optimum and illness dimensions. Mental health nursing was discovered as the central phenomena interacting with its causal, contexts and intervening conditions to determine the mental health dimension of the human being. The quality of mental health nursing determines the mental health dimensions and is influenced by the environment and nurses' characteristics as contexts and intervening conditions respectively. These interactions lead to consequences discovered as optimum mental health. The Kenya Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice is customized to the Kenyan situation and contributes knowledge which is relevant to mental health nursing practitioners, students, educators and administrators.
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Lu, Ting-Hui, and 呂庭慧. "The Mental Model of Smartphones." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77220430747626085849.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
心理學研究所
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Smartphone is a complex device, if haven’t used it is difficult to understand, because for the no contact with the new things, people will do the prediction based on past experience, and good mental models can help predict; didn’t use Smartphone with the used is not the same mental model. In this study focus on mental model transforms in the pattern. The results show, those who don''t use Smartphone do by past experience predict; and the new user mental model in use, there is a transform, that help them solve problems faster. The reaction of Facebook Places Smartphone users the idea of providing the service platform; Facebook Places can to immediately provide their own location, that need to access and positioning, and with or without use of Facebook Places, with no use of mental models have different.
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Ling, Yeh Mei, and 葉美玲. "Depression emotion --- Is Mental Health Model Possible ?" Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76144580503111643694.
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Johal, Jagdeep K. "Staff Nurses' Perceptions of Rapid Response Teams in Acute Care Hospitals." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1503.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present study were to (a) explore the relationship between the frequency of use of Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) by hospital staff nurses and the support received from RRTs; (b) to investigate staff nurses’ perceptions of their individual level, group level and organizational level learning as a result of single or multiple exposures to the RRT; (c) to identify predictors of learning outcomes and (d) to identify overall impressions and advantages and disadvantages of the RRT. A mail survey was used to collect data. The response responses rate was 33%, 131 registered nurses responded to the survey (pre-test = 12, study = 119). The results of Pearson r correlation suggest that a high frequency of access of RRTs was positively related to process support (r = .25, p < .01). Also, perceived content and process support from RRTs was positively related to maintenance and building of staff nurses’ mental models regarding patient deterioration pertaining to self, group and organization. Multiple regression analyses show that sociodemographic and independent variables predict organizational learning outcomes (mental model maintenance and building). Overall impressions of the RRTs were high. A content analysis of nurses’ comments indicated that there were more advantages to having the RRTs than disadvantages. This study suggests that RRTs are influential in changing nurses’ perceptions about managing patient deterioration. Training programs for RRTs should include both content and process support, which may enhance building and maintaining mental models.Thesis (Master, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-25 21:27:44.682