Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mental lexikon'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mental lexikon.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Mental lexikon.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jehle, Günter. "The advanced foreign learner's mental lexicon storage and retrieval of verb-noun collocations like "to embezzle money"." Hamburg Kovač, 2005. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2744-7.htm.
Full text
2
Svensson, Peter. "Ordförrådsutveckling vid digitalt spelande : En pilotstudie av Sweet City som undervisningsmoment ur ett andraspråksperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62478.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study, in the research field of Swedish as a second language, is to investigate whether a connection between form and meaning is established in the pupils’ receptive vocabulary when they play the video game Sweet City in pairs. Two subsidiary purposes are to see whether the use of language scaffolding in the video game affects an vocabulary acquisition and how the situation around the vocabulary tests worked out. The vocabulary change was measured through a pre-test and an instant after-test, hence the focus on the connection between form and meaning. The method was based on Schmitts’ (2010) principles of testing vocabulary change. Because the group was small, with only nine participants, a more qualitative approach was necessary and a discrepancy framework was developed and used to rule out participants’ guessing of target words. The findings show that seven of nine participants had an increase of two to four new words in the connection between form and meaning. Further, the results hint that a use of the video game’s language scaffolding gives a positive effect if used extensively. The discrepancy framework further showed that some participants had guessed extensively in the vocabulary tests, which could have been an effect of a long day of material collection and a desire to get a higher test result.
3
Gan, Gabriela, Christian Büchel, and Frédéric Isel. "Effect of language task demands on the neural response during lexical access: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127023.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the effects of linguistic task demands on the neuroanatomical localization of the neural response related to automatic semantic processing of concrete German nouns combining the associative priming paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To clarify the functional role of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for semantic processing with respect to semantic decision making compared to semantic processing per se, we used a linguistic task that involved either a binary decision process (i.e., semantic categorization; Experiment 1) or not (i.e., silently thinking about a word's meaning; Experiment 2). We observed associative priming effects indicated as neural suppression in bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), occipito-temporal brain areas, and in medial frontal brain areas independently of the linguistic task. Inferior parietal brain areas were more active for silently thinking about a word's meaning compared to semantic categorization. A conjunction analysis of linguistic task revealed that both tasks activated the same left-lateralized occipito-temporo-frontal network including the IFG. Contrasting neural associative priming effects across linguistic task demands, we found a significant interaction in the right IFG. The present fMRI data give rise to the assumption that activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in the semantic domain might be important for semantic processing in general and not only for semantic decision making. These findings contrast with a recent study regarding the role of the LIFG for binary decision making in the lexical domain (Wright et al. 2011).
4
Chan, Yen-Ling. "Idioms in the mental lexicon /." View abstract, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3269190.
Full text
5
Carlsson, Natalia. "Snapshots av ordnätet : En studie av ordassociationer, lexikal interaktion och organisation av det mentala lexikonet." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Svenska som andraspråk, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28834.
Full textAbstract:
Under de senaste decennierna har man med hjälp av ordassociationstest studerat utveckling och organisation av människors mentala lexikon. I det multikulturella Sverige växer intresset för frågan om ordinlärning och ordorganisering hos andraspråksinlärare. Det finns ett behov av forskning i området ur ett kontrastivt perspektiv. Denna studie behandlar organisation av det mentala lexikonet hos modersmålstalare och andraspråkstalare av svenska. Syftet med studien är att utreda frågan om i vilken omfattning olika organisationstyper förekommer hos studiedeltagare och om det finns ett samband mellan ordorganisationstyper och ordfrekvens. Som instrument i studien används ett ordassociationstest som består av 30 stimulusord. Deltagarnas associationer till stimulusorden, som utgör material i studien, delas in i fyra kategorier: fonologiska associationer, syntagmatiska associationer, paradigmatiska associationer och ej klassificerbara responser. Studiens resultat visar att alla typer av responser förekommer i alla åldrar på olika språkfärdighetsnivåer. Det mentala lexikonet organiseras enligt olika principer men deltagare tenderar att organisera sitt mentala lexikon semantiskt. Fonologiska associationer är den minst förekommande typen av ordassociationer. Studiens resultat visar också att det inte finns något entydigt samband mellan stimulusordens frekvens och typer av ordassociationer. En hög ordfrekvens är ingen garanti på att ordet kommer att gå igenom alla utvecklingsstadier och organiseras uteslutande semantiskt hos alla människor. Djupet av ordkunskap pekas ut som den viktigaste faktorn av ordorganisering i människors mentala lexikon.
6
Older, Lianne Jannice Elizabeth. "Morphology and orthography in the mental lexicon." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298189.
Full text
7
Merkx, Marjolein Maaike. "Words, woorden, ord : the bilingual mental lexicon." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445521.
Full text
8
Meißner, Franz-Joseph. "Das mentale Lexikon aus der Sicht der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik." Universität Leipzig, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33370.
Full text
9
Qadir, Abdul. "Exploring the Mental Lexicon of Pakistani L2 Learners : the Role of Culture and L2 Knowledge in Organizing the Mental Lexicon." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8248.
Full textAbstract:
There are different types of psycholinguistic approaches which attempt to examine the quality and the organization of the human mental lexicon; the word association experiment is one of them. The word association experiment can be used to probe the development of human vocabulary. The current investigation was carried out in order to trace the influence of the cultural background and L2 knowledge on the mental lexicon of the undergraduate Pakistani L2 learners of English. It was hypothesized that the individual‟s culture and knowledge of L2 bear direct relation with their mental lexicon. Influenced by the culture, they may connect different words with attitudinal bonds, whereas L2 knowledge is accountable for the growth of vocabulary. The motivation stems from the fact that none of the previous studies has targeted Pakistani L2 learners for the word association test in order to investigate their mental lexicon. The data was gathered through a word association test. The results supported the hypothesis. A considerable amount of attitudinal responses emerged in their responses, and the number of paradigmatic responses found in the data was the highest of all. Therefore, it was concluded that Pakistani L2 learners‟ vocabulary was considerably influenced by their cultural milieu due to the presence of attitudinal responses to the stimulus words, and their vocabulary is patterning toward native-like since the number of paradigmatic relations with the stimulus words was the highest of other types of relations. The findings carry important implications for didactics.
10
Mirêlis, M. T. M. "Exploring the adaptive structure of the mental lexicon." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.657844.
Full textAbstract:
The mental lexicon is a complex structure organised in terms of phonology, semantics and syntax, among other levels. In this thesis I propose that this structure can be explained in terms of the pressures acting on it: every aspects of the organisational of the lexicon is an adaptation ultimately related to the function of language as a tool for human communication, or to the fact that language has to be learned by subsequent generations of people. A collection of methods, most of which are applied to a Spanish speech corpus, reveal structure at different levels of the lexicon. The patterns of intra-word distribution of phonological information may be a consequence of pressure for optimal representation of the lexicon in the brain, and of the pressure to facilitate speech segmentation. An analysis of perceived phonological similarity between words shows that the sharing of different aspects of phonological similarity is related to different functions. Phonological similarity perception sometimes relates to morphology (the stressed final vowel determines verb tense and person) and at other times shows processing biases (similarity in the word initial and final segments is more readily perceived than in word-internal segments). Another similarity analysis focuses on cooccurrence in speech to create a representation of the lexicon where the position of a word is determined by the words that tend to occur in its close vicinity. Variations of context-based lexical space naturally categorise words syntactically and semantically. A higher level of lexicon structure is revealed by examining the relationships between the phonological and the cooccurrence similarity spaces. A study in Spanish supports the universality of the small but significant correlation between these two spaces found in English by Shillcock, Kirby, McDonald and Brew (2001). This systematicity across levels of representation adds an extra layer of structure that may help lexical acquisition and recognition. I apply it to a new paradigm to determine the function of parameters of phonological similarity based on their relationships with the syntactic-semantic level. I find that while some aspects of a language’s phonology maintain systematicity, others work against it, perhaps responding to the opposed pressure for word identification.
11
Walton, Linda. "Nouns and Verbs in the Tagalog Mental Lexicon." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3546.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to study grammatical categories in the Tagalog mental lexicon using lexical decision tasks. Some linguists question whether words in Tagalog can be classified as nouns and verbs (Foley, 1998; Kaufman, 2011) because most root words can be inflected for any grammatical function and because verbs cannot be used in their uninflected form. Previous studies with English and German (Kauschke and Stenneken 2008) have shown that participants respond differently to nouns and verbs in lexical decision tasks. These studies have also shown that participants respond differently to transitive and intransitive verbs in lexical decision tasks. It was assumed that if nouns and verbs exist in Tagalog, response times to Tagalog lexical decision tasks will show similar patterns to those performed in English and German. Two experiments were performed to examine whether words are classified as nouns and verbs in the Tagalog mental lexicon and whether other factors affected that classification. For the experiments, native speakers of Tagalog participated in lexical decision tasks and response times were measured. The first experiment tested the classification of root nouns and verbs. Contrary to findings in other languages, there was no significant difference between response times to nouns and verbs. However, there were differences in response times to nouns from different semantic categories and to verbs with different morphosyntactic structures. The second experiment examined the classification of inflected nouns and verbs. Again, the results showed no difference between response times to nouns and verbs. There was also no difference between transitive and intransitive verbs. However, there was a slight difference between verbs of different voice inflections. The results of the experiments suggest the while the grammatical classes of nouns and verbs may not be the most important features of words in the Tagalog mental lexicon, they may still play a role since different features, semantics or morphosyntactics, did affect the responses to words from the different categories.
12
Schmidl, Bianca [Verfasser]. "Das mentale Lexikon von Lehrern und Schülern / Bianca Schmidl." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1090773145/34.
Full text
13
Tiller, D. K. "Structure in the affective lexicon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233564.
Full text
14
Klassen, Rachel. "Asymmetric Grammatical Gender Systems in the Bilingual Mental Lexicon." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35087.
Full textAbstract:
The nature of the bilingual mental lexicon and how the L1 and the L2 interact in language production and processing has been the focus of decades of research from linguistic, psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectives. In spite of this significant body of evidence, the degree to which the L1 influences L2 production and processing remains an area of debate, especially with respect to formal features such as grammatical gender. While it is clear that non-nativelike production and processing of L2 grammatical gender persist even in highly-proficient adult bilinguals, the underlying representation of the L1 and L2 gender features and how this representation affects the use of gender in the L2 is currently unclear. Furthermore, there is no evidence at present regarding the nature of the L1-L2 grammatical gender system when the L1 and the L2 have asymmetric gender systems (in other words, differ in number of gender values), as is the case with German, which bears three gender values (masculine, feminine and neuter), and Spanish and French, which each display two gender values (masculine and feminine).
This dissertation investigates the representation of and interactions between the L1 and the L2 at the level of the formal gender feature, with a particular focus on language pairings with asymmetric gender systems. Through complementary data from L2 production and processing, I examine the representation of the asymmetric grammatical gender systems in the mental lexicon of L1 Spanish-L2 German and L1 French-L2 German bilinguals and the consequences this asymmetry between the L1 and L2 gender systems has on gender use strategies in the L2. From the perspective of bilingual lexical access, this research contributes new evidence to inform existing psycholinguistic theories of L1-L2 gender interactions and also proposes the Asymmetric gender representation hypothesis, a new model to account for the unique integrated nature of the gender system in bilinguals with L1-L2 asymmetric gender systems. From a language acquisition perspective, the present study provides new data on L2 gender use strategies with asymmetric gender systems, formulating the L1 transfer continuum, which extends existing proposals to include the degree of (a)symmetry between the L1 and the L2. This research also connects theoretical proposals regarding gender agreement in functional-lexical code-switches (specifically, switches within the Determiner Phrase such as dieGER-F mesaSPA-F or elSPA-M TischGER-M) to bilinguals’ preferences in code-switching between two languages that display formal gender. Taken together, all of these complementary perspectives addressed in this dissertation offer a well-rounded perspective of grammatical gender in asymmetric gender systems specifically, and contribute novel evidence regarding the interactions between the L1 and the L2 in the bilingual mental lexicon in general.
15
Ford, M. A. "Morphology in the mental lexicon : frequency, productivity and derivation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599108.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines a critical issue in psycholinguistics, of whether the fundamental unit of representation in the mental lexicon is the morpheme. Are complex words, such as darkness, processed as whole forms or are they decomposed into their component morphemes dark and -ness? Research on this topic has provided preliminary evidence for decomposition by showing that response times to polymorphemic words such as darkness are influenced by summed frequency of the other words in the language containing the root morpheme (e.g. darken, darkly, darkish, etc). This thesis uses multivariate regression techniques to explore in greater depth than previously, both in terms of numbers of items and numbers of variables, the role of morphology in lexical access. It explores not only whether words are influenced by the summed frequency of the morpheme but also whether whole word frequency is important. It also asks whether for singular nouns the word-form frequency (the frequency of the form itself) or the lemma frequency (the summed frequency of all inflectional variants) is the better predictor of response times. Additionally, the role of meaning relationships between words sharing a morpheme and the role of the productivity of the suffix (the likelihood that a new form will be coined with a suffix) are investigated. Results showed that for singular nouns in standard lexical decision, the frequency of the form itself was a better predictor of response times than the lemma frequency. The semantic relationships between items and the complex forms in which they are root morphemes were also shown to be predictive of response times. However, when sampled at an earlier time point in processing, using lexical decision with a response deadline, lemma frequency was the better predictor and semantic effects were not significant. Response times to derived words were influenced both by the frequency of the root morpheme and the frequency of the form itself. The productivity of the suffix was also important. Productive items showed significantly stronger effects of morphemic frequency and of the semantic relatedness between the derived form and its stem. Distributed connectionist modelling captured important aspects of the behavioural data indicating that some aspects of morphology may be an emergent property of regularities in the mapping between form and meaning in morphologically complex forms.
16
Estivalet, Gustavo Lopez. "Mental Lexicon Architecture and Morphological Processing of French Verbs." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1173/document.
Full textAbstract:
Comment les mots sont-ils reconnus? Comment avons-nous accès à la signification des mots? Ces questions ont été explorées dans des études sur l'accès lexical et la reconnaissance des mots durant le demi-siècle dernier dans les domaines de la psycho-, neuro- et de la linguistique. Le traitement morphologique est un niveau essentiel de traitement pour l'extraction d'information lors de la reconnaissance de mots. A un extrême, les modèles de pleine-entrée proposent le stockage du mot entier dans la mémoire et un traitement morphologique post-lexical paradigmatiques; à l'autre extrême, les modèles décompositionnels proposent une décomposition pré-lexicale et une activation morphologique basée sur des règles; entre les deux, les modèles à double-mécanismes postulent deux voies pour la reconnaissance des mots, une route associative avec les mots entiers et une route combinatoire basée sur des règles. Dans la présente thèse, le traitement morphologique des verbes fléchis en français a été étudié en modalité visuelle dans cinq études. L'étude 1 a recherché à mettre à jour l'organisation du lexique mental en utilisant les effets de fréquences de surface et les effets de fréquences cumulée; l'étude 2 a exploré l'impact des différents processus de formation du radical verbal; l'étude 3 a étudié les opérations morphologiques au travers des suffixes flexionnels; l'étude 4 a testé le traitement morphologique verbal pour des locuteurs de français comme L2; et l'étude 5 a exploré les violations morphologiques verbales via des mesures électro-encéphalographiques. Globalement les résultats suggèrent que tous les verbes français fléchis sont traités par un mécanisme unique avec décomposition morphologique pré-lexicale pour l'accès lexical et la reconnaissance des mots. Il est proposé un traitement différent pour les morphèmes lexicaux et fonctionnels. Les mots sont décomposés en morphèmes atomiques, les représentations morphologiques sont activées dans le lexique mental, et les constituants de mots sont recombinés pour la vérification de motHow words are recognized? How do we process word meaning? These questions have been pursued in lexical access and word recognition studies in the last half century of research in psycho-, neuro-, and linguistics. Morphological processing is an essential level of processing for information extraction during word recognition. In one extreme, full-entry models propose whole word storage in memory and post-lexical morphological processing based on paradigms; in the other extreme, decompositional models posit pre-lexical decomposition and morphemic activation based on rules; between then, dual-mechanism models consider two routes for word recognition, a whole-word associative route and a combinatorial rule-based route. In the present thesis, it was investigated the morphological processing of French inflected verbs in visual modality in five studies. Study 1 researched the mental lexicon organization in function of surface and cumulative frequencies; Study 2 explored different stem formation processes; Study 3 investigated morphological operations in the inflectional suffixes; Study 4 tested the verbal morphological processing in L2 French speakers; and Study 5 tested verbal violations coupled with electroencephalography acquisition. The results suggest that all inflected French verbs are processed by a single-mechanism model with pre-lexical morphological decomposition for lexical activation and word recognition. It is proposed different processing for the lexical and functional morphemes. Words are decomposed in atomic morphemes, morphemic representations are activated in the mental lexicon, and word constituents are recombined for word verification
17
Ramoo, Dinesh Kumar. "Syllable structure in the mental lexicon : neuropsychological and computational evidence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4846/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigated the fundamental representations within the mental-lexicon and whether such representations are fixed or differ according to the characteristics of various languages. It looked at whether syllable structure is represented at distinct levels of linguistic representation at phonological and phonetic levels, with phonology governed by the demands of a combinatorial system (the need to create many distinct words from a small number of symbols) and phonetics governed by articulatory complexity (the need to keep motor programming as simple as possible). Empirical evidence as well as computational work was used to investigate whether syllable structure may be present as an abstract unit within the lexicon and not just computed online at the phonetic level. Three languages were explored in this work: English, Hindi and Italian. This project found evidence from English and Hindi patients with acquired language disorders to support the data previously collected from Italian patients. The empirical data was supported by computational work that considered the rates of resyllabification and storage costs based on the assumptions of different speech production models. Both the empirical and computational data support the hypothesis that syllable structure may be stored within the mental lexicon.
18
Qiao, Xiaomei. "The Representation of Newly Learned Words in the Mental Lexicon." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194383.
Full textAbstract:
Most research in word recognition uses words that already exist in the reader's lexicon, and it is therefore of interest to see whether newly learned words are represented and processed in the same way as already known words. For example, are newly learned words immediately represented in a special form of lexical memory, or is there a gradual process of assimilation? As for L2 language learners, are newly learned words incorporated into the same processing system that serves L1, or are they represented quite independently?The current study examines this issue by testing for the existence of the Prime Lexicality Effect (PLE) observed in masked priming experiments (Forster & Veres, 1998). Strong form priming was found with nonword primes (e.g., contrapt-CONTRACT), but not with word primes (e.g., contrast-CONTRACT). This effect is generally assumed to result from competition between the prime and the target. So if the readers had been trained to treat "contrapt" as a new word, would it now function like a word and produce much weaker priming? Elgort (2007) demonstrated such an effect with unmasked primes with L2 bilinguals. The current study investigates the PLE in both L1 and L2 bilinguals under different training conditions. When the training program involves mere familiarization (learning to type the words), a PLE was found with visible primes, but not with masked primes, which suggests that unmasked PLE is not the best indicator of lexicalization. In the case of "real" acquisition where the new word is given a definition and a picture of the object it refers to, and learning is spread over two weeks, a clear PLE was obtained. However, when the same experiment was carried out on Chinese-English bilinguals using the same English materials, completely opposite results were obtained. The learning enhanced priming, rather than reducing it, suggesting that the L2 lexicon might differ qualitatively from the L1 lexicon. The implications of these results for competitive theories of lexical access are discussed, and alternative explanations are considered.
19
Costard, Sylvia. "Neurolinguistische Untersuchungen zur Repräsentation von Nominalkomposita im mentalen Lexikon." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966631285.
Full text
20
Tytus, Agnieszka. "The processing and representation of the bilingual Chinese-English mental lexicon." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-processing-and-representation-of-the-bilingual-chineseenglish-mental-lexicon(b64cd4fb-4916-4661-ba08-bd62daebbfc3).html.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the representation and processing of the bilingual Chinese-English mental lexicon. Specifically, the conceptual level of representation was examined. Four aims were pursued in this project. First and second, this investigation addressed the way in which concepts are represented and processed in bilingual lexical memory. It also compared language processing on a word level in visual and auditory modalities. Finally, the investigation probed the degree of semantic overlap in bilingual speakers. To achieve the aims of this project, Chinese-English speakers were requested to perform a primed animacy decision task. This task allowed for the addressing of the notions of priming effect, priming asymmetry effect, and the impact of modality on language processing. In addition, bilingual participants and control groups of monolingual English and Chinese participants were requested to take part in a semantic judgment task. This task was used to evaluate the notion of semantic overlap. The investigation of the four separate notions helped test the Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM) (Kroll and Stewart, 1994). It was demonstrated that participants responded more rapidly to the related targets (translation equivalents) than to the unrelated ones (words in L1 and L2 that did not share meaning) and this was taken as evidence for a shared conceptual store. Moreover, a priming effect was observed from L1 to L2 but it failed to appear in the L2 to L1 language direction. This pointed to a priming asymmetry and the fact that the strength of the interlexical connection between L1 and concepts is stronger than this relationship with L2. Further comparison of the results from the visual and auditory modalities illustrate that the processes are not identical and that the information in the two modalities might become available at slightly different rates. Finally, a comparison of bilingual and monolingual semantic structures revealed that bilingual English and Chinese conceptual maps are more similar to one another than to the monolingual English or Chinese maps, respectively, which in turn may point to the process of semantic convergence (Pavlenko, 2009). The findings obtained in this study substantiate the original framework of the RHM (Kroll and Stewart, 1994).
21
Shi, Tong. "Toward constructing a memory model for building a Chinese mental lexicon." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392908882.
Full text
22
Berg, Steven A. "Novel forms in the adult mental lexicon| Listening to new neighbors." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3725897.
Full textAbstract:
The current investigation examined the nature of the activation-competition process that is the hallmark of spoken word recognition (Luce & Pisoni, 1998). The present experiments focused on acquisition of new nonword forms that are carefully designed to compete with existing lexical items (e.g., "cathedruke" → "cathedral"; "shum" → "shun"). The specific aim of the research was to examine the processing costs for recognition of established neighboring words following exposure to new items. Experiments 1a and b examined processing for both mono- and multisyllabic words for which listeners have learned a new competitor in an attempt to contrast claims about the nature of lexical competition made by two prominent models of spoken word recognition, Cohort Theory and the Neighborhood Activation Model. Experiments 2a and b delved further into an examination of the nature of the competitive environment by manipulating the number and exposure frequency of novel items in an attempt to directly assess the costs of multiple activation. In both Experiments 2a and b, effects of more training (additional novel neighbors or increased exposure frequency, respectively) were facilitative, not competitive. The results are discussed within the context of Vitevitch and Luce's (1999) two-stage model of spoken word recognition.
23
Orita, Mitsuru. "Exploring the organisation of the L2 mental lexicon using sorting tasks." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42899.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an attempt to probe into the organisation of the L2 mental lexicon through sorting tasks, which Haastrup and Henriksen (2000) pioneered. Particularly, it addresses whether the lexicons of native speakers of English and non-native speakers of English are different from each other quantitatively and qualitatively. After a replication of Haastrup and Henriksen, five experiments each using a different set of 50 high frequency English words taken from different parts of speech were conducted on 30 participants in each group (28 for the first experiment). The studies found that LI and L2 differences were generally subtler than had been expected, such as for mean cluster number, cluster size, variability as well as the mean individual dendrogram and group dendrogram distances. However, cluster analysis showed that L2 lexical organisation was consistently different from LI lexical organisation. Thus, it is highly plausible that the L2 mental lexicon has developed lexical networks that are on the surface similar to the LI mental lexicon, when in fact the two lexicons have really developed different organisational structures from each other. Meanwhile, it was revealed that nouns can be predictors of LI and L2 differences in all the tested variables. This result was attributed to the fact that the Japanese language has a significant number of loanword nouns that have originated from the English language. This suggests that these L2 lexical items, which are first learned as LI lexical items as false friends, can be extremely difficult for Japanese L2 learners to re-leam and restructure into native-like L2 knowledge and organisation.
24
Aliakbarzadeh, Mojtaba. "Modelling the human mental lexicon using the formalism of quantum theory." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/124224/1/Mojtaba_Aliakbarzadeh_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Quantum cognition (QC) is a new interdisciplinary research field which applies the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics to explain and understand puzzling aspects of cognitive phenomena. This study focuses on improving the current QC models of language and memory. The researcher provides a better understanding of measurement and contextuality in processes involving language and memory. This will impact upon the field of QC, strengthening its position as a well-founded branch of mathematical psychology.
25
Jensen, Susan Carrie. "Word-families and the mental lexicon, testing for a morpho-semantic lexical network." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0022/NQ38477.pdf.
Full text
26
Libben, Gary. "Morpheme decomposition and the mental lexicon : evidence from the visual recognition of compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72089.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents an experimental investigation of morpheme decomposition in the visual recognition of English compounds. It discusses linguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives of the mental lexicon and the role of compound recognition data in the formulation of hypotheses about lexical access and representations.In a series of three experiments it was found that existing compounds such as "warehouse" appear to be represented in the mental lexicon as morphologically-complex full forms. On the other hand, novel compounds such as "winehouse" appear to be decomposed into their constituent morphemes in the process of word recognition. It was also found that the constraints of English orthography play a significant role in the interpretation of novel compounds. The locus of the orthographic effect, however, appears to be post-lexical.
The results of this study of compound recognition are consistent with a view of the lexicon as a self-reorganizing store of knowledge, which is characterized by cost-free storage and access.
27
Carteret, Cathie. "Regular and irregular verb inflection in the French mental lexicon : a dual-mechanism perspective." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268716.
Full text
28
Xing, Kongliang. "Accessing the mental lexicon in spoken word production: Masked priming effects in picture naming." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187191.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigated the process of lexical access in spoken word production by using a picture naming task which involves very similar processes. Experiment 1 showed that significant repetition priming effect was obtained in this task when the prime was heavily masked and was unavailable to conscious report. In addition, the repetition effect was independent of word frequency. However, a pattern of frequency attenuated priming effects was obtained in Experiment 2 when the prime was unmasked and was named about 10 minutes previously. These results suggest that the masked repetition effect is lexical in nature, whereas the unmasked effect is contaminated by non-lexical sources, such as auditory episodic memory. Experiment 3 showed that the masked repetition effect was independent of the neighborhood density of target names, but the masked form-priming effect was highly constrained by the density. Further, Experiment 4 showed that once the form-related prime became phonologically identical to the picture name the form-priming effect was no longer constrained by the density. In order to distinguish which processing component (lexicalization or production) was responsible for the elimination of the constraint, a picture-fragment matching task was used. Experiment 5A showed that in the matching task, repetition effects were significant and independent of neighborhood density. In contrast with Experiment 4, Experiment 5B showed that the form-priming effect was highly constrained by the density in the matching task. These experiments suggest that (1) the process of phonological encoding is automatic and extremely fast; and (2) the phonological encoding is a necessary process for production but not for lexicalization. In addition, no masked associative priming was obtained in either a picture naming task (Experiment 6) or a picture categorization task (Experiment 7), suggesting that masked priming effects obtained in the present picture processing tasks were not due to facilitation occurring at the semantic or conceptual level. Finally, the robust frequency effects established in picture naming tasks were severely weakened when a picture-fragment matching task was used (Experiment 8). This pattern of results suggests that frequency influences mainly name production rather than name retrieval in picture naming.
29
Brundin, Gudrun. "Kulturelle Lexika und metaphorische Profile : zu einer semantisch-kognitiven Theorie der Protosem- und Konzemstrukturen lexikalisierter Konzepte der Arbeitswelt." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Moderna språk, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60868.
Full textAbstract:
Based on current results produced in modern cognitive linguistics this study examines linguistic evidence derived from the experiential field ,labor4 in German and Swedish in order to formulate a theory which more closely describes the relationship between semantic and conceptual structure in lexical concepts. The author maintains that semantic information can be seen as the content of the culture which it reflects and that semantic content is represented in culture specific modes. On the basis of frequency lists a chronologically organized cultural lexicon is presented for each language and culture area. The aim of the cultural lexicon is to point out central fields of concern in the two examined language communities at different times. The second part of the investigation deals with the conceptual structure in two culturally relevant types, labor and unemployment, of the cultural lexicon. In accordance with modern relativist views it is argued that linguistic form must be seen as a result of cultural embodiment and that modes of representation in the human mind must also show traces of this embodiment. It is shown that conceptual (and semantic) structures not only reinforce views of the world, but also play a central role in compatibility restrictions on the performance level. The author suggests that semantic and conceptual structures in lexical concepts are distributed in a metaphorical profile specific to each lexical concept and held together on its various levels by so called protosemes and concernes.
30
Strobel, Sven. "Die Perfektauxiliarselektion des Deutschen ein lexikalistischer Ansatz ohne Unakkusativität /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-36321.
Full text
31
Trautwein, Jutta [Verfasser], Sascha [Akademischer Betreuer] Schroeder, and Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Höhle. "The Mental lexicon in acquisition : assessment, size & structure / Jutta Trautwein ; Sascha Schroeder, Barbara Höhle." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1218405120/34.
Full text
32
Heide, Judith. "Warum vertragen anders ist als vergiften und vergessen : ein Einblick in unser mentales Lexikon." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4695/.
Full text
33
Rothman, Jenny. "Word Associations : Investigating Links between Words in the Mental Lexicon of Second Language Learners of English." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-1004.
Full text
34
Azuma, Masumi. "Metaphorical competence in an EFL context : the mental lexicon and metaphorical competence of Japanese EFL students." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11894/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis on metaphor and metaphor study covers theoretical and practical issues in the past and the present both in the occidental and oriental worlds. Metaphor in rhetoric, cognitive and applied linguistics is described briefly, mostly as a theoretical issue. It states that metaphor was treated as part of rhetoric in the past, however, recently it has developed more broadly into a facet of human cognition. As a practical issue, professional studies assessing metaphorical competence are highlighted, which inform the measurement of metaphorical competence of Japanese learners of English (Japanese EFL students, hereafter). The author developed her original measurement instruments (tests and evaluations of metaphorical competence) to assess the receptive and productive metaphorical abilities of Japanese EFL students. The tests aims to measure Japanese EFL students' metaphorical competence and discover the answers to what factors affect their comprehension and use of English metaphorical expressions and what kinds of metaphorical expressions are salient or opaque for them. This study showed that the Japanese EFL students' receptive ability was better than their productive ability. It further indicated that the size of their mental lexicons, the elasticity of their linguistic ability, the degree of semantic expansion, and their cognitive flexibility (e.g. analogical reasoning, mapping and networking) were important factors affecting their ability to handle metaphorical expressions. Another important discovery was that L1 transfer might play an ambivalent role. As for the salience and opacity of metaphorical expressions, the degree of clarity of expressions was an important element. For example, the expressions with images easy to visualise were the easiest for the Japanese EFL students to understand and use metaphorically. The highly conventional idioms involving metaphorical meanings were problematic for them to understand and especially to use.
35
Mahfoudhi, Abdessatar. "Morphological and phonological units in the Arabic mental lexicon: Implications for theories of morphology and lexical processing." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29232.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigates the cognitive relevance of selected morphological and phonological units in the Arabic mental lexicon. The morphological units are sound and weak roots, etymons, phonetic matrices, and sound and weak patterns. The phonological units are vowels and consonants. The work is motivated by a controversy in Arabic morphology that is paralleled by a cross-linguistic debate in lexical processing. There are two views in Arabic morphology, the stem-based theory and the morpheme-based theory that is represented by two sub-theories. The first sub-theory argues that derivations are based on roots and patterns and the second proposes that the root should be replaced by the etymon and the phonetic matrix. The morpheme-based theory is congruent with lexical processing hypotheses that propose that complex words are accessed and represented as morphemes. The stem-based theory maintains that derivation is stem or word-based and is in line with the whole word hypothesis of lexical processing.
These theoretical positions on Arabic morphology and lexical processing were tested in six priming experiments. One objective of these experiments was to test which of these morphemes prime word recognition. Another objective was to test the prediction of connectionism, another lexical processing hypothesis, that priming time correlates with prime-target overlap. A third objective was to examine how abstract the processing of these morphemes could be. The cognitive status of vowels and consonants was tested using a letter-circling task.
The results of the online studies have shown that both roots and etymons facilitate word recognition significantly more than orthographic controls. However, non-ordered etymons, phonetic matrices, and patterns did not facilitate word recognition. Weak roots had priming effects only when primes and targets shared a vague semantic relationship. There was no correlation between priming time and meaning and/or form overlap. The lack of priming with non-ordered etymons suggests that there could be limits on abstractness in lexical processing. The results of the offline task suggest that root consonants are more salient than other letters. On the whole, the results support a morpheme-based theory of Arabic morphology and a localist view of lexical processing that assumes a morphemic stage in word recognition.
36
Alves-Soares, Leonardo. "Investigating the Portuguese-English Bilingual Mental Lexicon: Crosslinguistic Orthographic and Phonological Overlap in Cognates and False Friends." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41153.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigates how cognates are organized in the bilingual mental lexicon and examines whether orthography in one language, via phonological representations, influences the processing of cognates and false friends in the other language. In light of the framework of two well-known models of bilingual visual word recognition, the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA) and the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (BIA+), the premise is that there is activation from orthography to phonology across a bilingual’s two languages and that this activation is modulated by the degree of orthographic and phonological code overlap. Two objective metrics were used to assess crosslinguistic similarity of Portuguese-English cognates and false friends that were selected for a cross-language lexical decision task with masked priming. Dynamic time warping (DTW), an algorithm that was originally conceived to compare different speech patterns in automatic speech recognition and to measure acoustic similarity between two time-dependent sequences, was used to compute crosslinguistic phonological similarity. The Normalized Levenshtein Distance (NLD), an algorithm that calculates the minimum number of single-character insertions, deletions or substitutions required to change one word into another and normalizes the result by their lengths, was used to compute crosslinguistic orthographic similarity. Portuguese-English bilinguals who acquired their second language after reaching puberty, and English functional monolinguals who grew up speaking primarily English were recruited to participate in the experimental task. Based on collected reaction time and accuracy data, mixed-effects models analyses are used to estimate the individual effects of crosslinguistic orthographic, phonological and semantic similarity and the role each of them, along with English proficiency, word frequency and length play in the organization of the Portuguese-English bilingual mental lexicon.
37
Platz-Schliebs, Anja. "Wortbildung in der Fremdsprache zur Produktion und Erschliessung französischer suffigierter Personen- und Instrumentenbezeichnungen durch deutsche Lerner." Tübingen Narr, 2006. http://d-nb.info/987503952/04.
Full text
38
Scharinger, Mathias. "The representation of vocalic features in vowel alternations phonological, morphological and computational aspects /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-24341.
Full text
39
Wörrlein, Marion. "Der Simultandolmetschprozess : Eine empirische Untersuchung." München Meidenbauer, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2950775&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
Full text
40
Santos, Anderson Roberto Santos dos. "A computational investigation of verbs during aging with and without Alzheimer’s disease." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119124.
Full textAbstract:
A doença de Alzheimer produz alterações nas funções cognitivas, entre eles, de processos que são responsáveis pela linguagem e memória. Com o intuito de termos uma melhor compreensão das alterações da linguagem, este trabalho investigou características presentes em redes semânticas de pacientes com diagnóstico de provável Alzheimer, com foco nos verbos. Os resultados das comparações entre as redes de indivíduos saudáveis e pacientes com Alzheimer indicam diferenças topológicas entre eles. Neste trabalho, também foram construídos classificadores que poderiam captar as diferenças entre os vários perfis de indivíduos, e que podem ser utilizados para classificar novos indivíduos de acordo com o perfil mais próximo. Esse esforço se deu com o intuito de ajudar no diagnóstico de doenças que afetam a linguagem, como a doença de Alzheimer.Alzheimer’s disease produces alterations of cognitive functions and of processes that are responsible for language and memory. In order to have a better understanding of language changes, we investigate the characteristics of the semantic networks of patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer, focusing on verbs. The results of comparisons with networks of healthy individuals and patients with Alzheimer disease highlight some topological differences among them. We also constructed classifiers that could capture the differences between the various profiles of speakers, and that can be used to classify unknown speakers according to the closest profile. We made this effort in order to help the diagnosis of diseases that affect language, such as the Alzheimer’s disease.
41
Sun, Lei. "The literate lexicon in narrative and expository writing : a developmental study of children and adolescents /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8443.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-149). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
42
Pasamonik, Carolina Verfasser], Fritz [Akademischer Betreuer] Serzisko, and Nikolaus P. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Himmelmann. "Linguistic and conceptual structures in the Beaver (Athapascan) mental lexicon : a study of body part terms and emotion expressions / Carolina Pasamonik. Gutachter: Fritz Serzisko ; Nikolaus Himmelmann." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1038227771/34.
Full text
43
Pasamonik, Carolina [Verfasser], Fritz Akademischer Betreuer] Serzisko, and Nikolaus P. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Himmelmann. "Linguistic and conceptual structures in the Beaver (Athapascan) mental lexicon : a study of body part terms and emotion expressions / Carolina Pasamonik. Gutachter: Fritz Serzisko ; Nikolaus Himmelmann." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1038227771/34.
Full text
44
Rocha, Jefferson Alves da. "Acesso e representação das formas nominais flexionadas em número em português brasileiro: um estudo sobre o léxico mental." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8697.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-11T19:09:32Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
arquivototal.pdf: 1449589 bytes, checksum: 4e6ee8df94134deb1dd7db8c3bee32e9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T19:09:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1449589 bytes, checksum: 4e6ee8df94134deb1dd7db8c3bee32e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-11
This dissertation aims to understand and analyze the lexical relations existing in the processing of regular words inflected in number in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), as well as to suggest a model of representation for these kind of words. We observed how words inflected in number are stored in and retrieved from the mental lexicon. Recent psycholinguistic studies have pointed out that factors like base frequency influence the processing time of forms inflected both in gender and number (DOMINGUEZ; CUETOS; SEGUI, 1999). Specifically regarding to gender inflection in BP, a frequency effect of gender inflected dominant form has been found (CORRÊA; ALMEIDA; PORTO, 2004). This experiment was carried out in order to provide some evidence about if the frequency of dominant form affects the forms inflected in number, similarly to the forms inflected in gender. The experimental design consisted of a word reading task in which both the base frequency and the frequency of dominant form inflected in gender were controlled. The results were similar to the ones found by Corrêa, Almeida e Porto (2004), since the singular words were retrieved in its whole form and the plural words were retrieved by lexical decomposition, excepting the cases of plural forms with high level of frequency, that also behave as singular forms. These results evidence the way how the inflected words are stored in the mental lexicon of BP speakers, as well as to describe its organization from a linguistic and psycholinguistic point of view.
Este trabalho se propõe a investigar as relações lexicais existentes no processamento de vocábulos flexionados em número em Português Brasileiro (PB), além de sugerir um modelo de representação para os referidos vocábulos. Observamos como as formas flexionadas em número são armazenadas e recuperadas do léxico mental. Estudos psicolinguísticos recentes têm apontado que fatores como a frequência da base influem no tempo de processamento de formas flexionadas em gênero e em número (DOMINGUEZ; CUETOS; SEGUI, 1999). No tocante especificamente à flexão de gênero em PB, um efeito da frequência dominante entre as formas flexionadas em gênero foi registrado, (CORRÊA; ALMEIDA; PORTO, 2004). A fim de prover evidências sobre se a frequência dominante afeta as formas flexionadas em número, tal qual como nas flexionadas em gênero, elaborou-se o primeiro experimento. O desenho experimental consistiu em um teste de leitura de palavras composto por vocábulos com flexão regular de número. Apresenta-se também o segundo experimento, que também consistiu em um teste de leitura de palavras, composto por vocábulos com flexão irregular de número. Nestes testes, procurou-se observar se a forma no singular era acessada por inteiro, tendo em vista efeitos de frequência dominante, e se a forma no plural era acessada por decomposição, tendo em vista efeitos de frequência não-dominante, salvo os casos de alta frequência da forma no plural, nesses casos, a referida forma também seria acessada por inteiro, contribuindo para um modelo de dupla rota. Os resultados experimentais foram na mesma direção da hipótese, atestando, assim, que as palavras com frequência dominante são processadas de forma mais rápida que as formas com frequência não-dominante.
45
Tokumaru, Yuki. "An empirical and experimental study on the cross-linguistic relationships between Japanese 'katagana-go' and English words : the bilingual mental lexicon of multi-component Japanese-English users." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413248.
Full text
46
Lindgren, Anna. "Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs) : En kvalitativ analys av ordproduktion hos enspråkiga svenska och flerspråkiga svensk-turkiska 4;0-6;11-åringar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275050.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to conduct a qualitative analysis of monolingual (Swedish) and bilingual (Swedish and Turkish) children’s production of nouns and verbs in a newly developed vocabulary test (CLTs) and to discuss the results using previous research as a starting point. The different categories and the material which form the basis of this qualitative analysis are taken from an ongoing Swedish research study on vocabulary testing: Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs). This research is an extension of the international project COST Action IS0408. In all, there are responses from 115 children, 72 monolingual and 43 bilingual, of which only the Swedish results are analysed. On the whole, test scores show an age-related improvement of expressive vocabulary for both groups, even though the bilinguals lag behind their monolingual age peers. The bilingual children’s improvement is not as evident, with the five-year-olds’ production of nouns standing out. There is a higher number of wrong answers or no answers (don’t know), as well as a preponderance of gestures and innovations/neologisms in the bilinguals. Gestures make it possible to ascertain whether a child knows the meaning and use of a target word even though he or she is not capable of producing it verbally. Answers in the category of innovation/neologism show that the children know more about a word than an assessment of lexical ability using only right and wrong answers could demonstrate. In the monolingual group there are more instances of perceptual confusion, semantic confusion and hypernyms. The other categories do not show corresponding differences between the two groups. As the bilingual children’s responses are analysed only in terms of Swedish vocabulary, it is not possible to assess their total lexical knowledge. Keywords: CLTs (Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks), expressive vocabulary, bilingualism, mental lexicon, vocabulary depth, vocabulary test, language exposure, Swedish, Turkish. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att med hjälp av ett nyutvecklat ordförrådstest (CLTs), göra en kvalitativ analys av substantiv- och verbproduktionen hos enspråkiga svenska och flerspråkiga svensk-turkiska 4;0-6;11-åringar och med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning diskutera resultaten. Analysen görs utifrån ett antal uppställda kategorier som i likhet med det analyserade empiriska materialet hämtats från det pågående svenska forskningsarbetet med ordförrådstestet Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs). Detta arbete är en fortsättning på det internationella projektet COST Action IS0408. Sammanlagt ingår testsvar från 115 barn, 72 enspråkigt svenska och 43 flerspråkigt svensk-turkiska, varav endast resultat från deltesten på svenska analyserats. En förbättring av det expressiva ordförrådet ses med stigande ålder hos både de enspråkiga och flerspråkiga med en påtaglig eftersläpning hos de svensk-turkiska barnen. Hos de sistnämnda är förbättringen med stigande ålder inte heller lika tydlig då 5-åringarna utmärker sig i substantivproduktion. Ett större antal felsvar och inget svar/vet ej ses i den flerspråkiga gruppen liksom en övervikt av antal gester/pekningar och innovationer/nyordbildningar. Gester ger information om att barnet besitter kunskap om målordets innebörd och funktion trots att det inte kan presentera det avsedda målordet verbalt. Svaren i kategorin innovation/nyordbildning visar att barnen vet mer om målordet än vad en bedömning av lexikal förmåga enbart med rätt- och felsvar kan klargöra. I den enspråkiga gruppen förekommer jämförelsevis fler perceptuella förvirringar, semantiska förvirringar och hyperonymer/överordningar. Övriga kategorier uppvisar inte motsvarande lika stora skillnader mellan grupperna. Då endast det svenska ordförrådet hos de flerspråkiga barnen analyserats kan ingen säker tolkning göras av deras fullständiga lexikala kunskap. Nyckelord: CLTs (Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks), expressivt ordförråd, flerspråkighet, mentalt lexikon, orddjup, ordförrådstest, språkexponering, svenska, turkiska.Bohnacker, U. (2014-2019). Språkstörning eller typisk språkutveckling? Utveckling av metoder för språklig bedömning av flerspråkiga barn i Sverige. Vetenskapsrådet VR2013-1309.
47
Kraut, Rachel Elizabeth. "The Development of Second Language Reading and Morphological Processing Skills." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596121.
Full textAbstract:
Decades of research have shed light on the nature of reading in our first language. There is substantial research about how we recognize words, the ways in which we process sentences, and the linguistic and non-linguistic factors which may affect those processes (e.g. Besner & Humphreys, 2009). This has led to more effective pedagogical techniques and methodologies in the teaching of L1 reading (Kamil et al., 2011). With the ever-increasing number of L2 English speakers in U.S. schools and universities, research in more recent has begun to investigate reading in L2. However, this field of inquiry is not nearly as robust as that of L1 reading. Much remains to be explored in terms of how L2 readers process words, sentences, and comprehend what they read (Grabe, 2012). The studies in this dissertation add to the growing body of literature detailing the processes of L2 reading and improvement in L2 reading skills. The first two studies will focus on a topic that has sparked lively discussion in the field over the last 10 years or so: the online processing of L2 morphologically complex words in visual word recognition. Article 3 discusses the effects of a pedagogical intervention and the ways in which it may influence the development of second language reading. Broadly, the studies in this dissertation will address the following research questions: (1) how do L2 readers process morphologically complex words? (2) Is there a connection between their knowledge of written morphology and their ability to use it during word recognition? (3) What is the role of L2 proficiency in these processes? (4) How does extensive reading influence the development of L2 reading skills? Many studies of L2 word processing have been conducted using offline methods. Accordingly, the studies in this dissertation seek to supplement what we know about L2 morphological processing and reading skills with the use of psycholinguistic tasks, namely, traditional masked priming, masked intervenor priming, and timed reading. Secondly, this collection of studies is among the few to explore the relationship between online processing and offline morphological awareness, thereby bridging the two fields of study. Thirdly, unlike most studies of online processing, the data from this dissertation will be discussed in terms of its implications for the teaching of L2 morphologically complex words and L2 reading skills. Thus, this dissertation may be of interest to those working in L2 psycholinguistics of word recognition and sentence processing as well as ESL practitioners.
48
Machado, Mario Lúcio Mesquita. "A verb learning model driven by syntactic constructions." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15508.
Full textAbstract:
Desde a segunda metade do último século, as teorias cognitivas têm trazido algumas visões interessantes em relação ao aprendizado de linguagem. A aplicação destas teorias em modelos computacionais tem duplo benefício: por um lado, implementações computacionais podem ser usaas como uma forma de validação destas teorias; por outro lado, modelos computacionais podem alcançar uma performance melhorada a partir da adoção de estratégias de aprendizado cognitivamente plausíveis. Estruturas sintáticas são ditas fornecer uma pista importante para a aquisição do significado de verbos. Ainda, para um subconjunto particular de verbos muito frequentes e gerais - os assim-chamados light verbs - há uma forte ligação entre as estruturas sintáticas nas quais eles aparecem e seus significados. Neste trabalho, empregamos um modelo computacional para investigar estas propostas, em particular, considerando a tarefa de aquisição como um mapeamento entre um verbo desconhecido e referentes prototípicos para eventos verbais, com base na estrutura sintática na qual o verbo aparece. Os experimentos conduzidos ressaltaram alguns requerimentos para um aprendizado bem-sucedido, em termos de níveis de informação disponível para o aprendiz e da estratégia de aprendizado adotada.Cognitive theories have been, since the second half of the last century, bringing some interesting views about language learning. The application of these theories on computational models has double benefits: in the one hand, computational implementations can be used as a form of validation of these theories; on the other hand, computational models can earn an improved performance from adopting some cognitively plausible learning strategies. Syntactic structures are said to provide an important cue for the acquisition of verb meaning. Yet, for a particular subset of very frequent and general verbs – the so-called light verbs – there is a strong link between the syntactic structures in which they appear and their meanings. In this work, we used a computational model, to further investigate these proposals, in particular looking at the acquisition task as a mapping between an unknown verb and prototypical referents for verbal events, on the basis of the syntactic structure in which the verb appears. The experiments conducted have highlighted some requirements for a successful learning, both in terms of the levels of information available to the learner and the learning strategies adopted.
49
Hsiao, Janet Hui-wen. "Hemispheric processing in reading Chinese characters : statistical, experimental, and cognitive modeling." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2562.
Full textAbstract:
In Chinese orthography, phonetic compounds comprise about 80% of the most frequent characters. They contain separate phonological and semantic elements, referred to as phonetic and semantic radicals respectively. A dominant type exists in which the se-mantic radical appears on the left and the phonetic radical on the right (SP characters); an opposite, minority structure also exists in which the semantic radical appears on the right and the phonetic radical on the left (PS characters). Through statistical analyses, connectionist modelling, behavioural experiments, and neuroimaging studies, this dis-sertation demonstrates that the distinct structures of these two types of characters allow us crucial insights into the relationship between brain structure and reading processes. The statistical analyses of a Chinese lexical database show that, because of the different information profiles of SP and PS characters and the imbalanced distribution between them in the lexicon, the overall information is skewed to the right. This information skew provides important opportunities to examine the interaction between foveal split-ting and the information structure of the characters. The foveal splitting hypothesis as-sumes a vertical meridian split in the foveal representation and the consequent contra-lateral projection to the two cerebral hemispheres; it has been shown to have important implications for visual word recognition. The square shape and the condensed structure of Chinese characters make them a severe test case for the split fovea claim. Through a lateralized cueing examination and a TMS study of the semantic radical combinability effect with foveally presented characters in character semantic judgements, a flexible division of labour between the hemispheres in character recognition is demonstrated, with each hemisphere responding optimally to the information in the contralateral visual hemifield. The interaction between stimulation site and radical combinability in the TMS study also provides further support for the split fovea claim, suggesting functional foveal splitting as a universal processing constraint in reading. Even if foveal splitting is true, it is still unclear about how far the effects of foveal split-ting can extend from the retina into the process of character recognition. We show that, in naming isolated, foveally presented SP and PS characters, adult male and female readers process them differently, with opposite patterns of ease and difficulty: males responded significantly faster to SP than PS characters; females showed a non-significant tendency in the opposite direction. This result is also supported by a corre-sponding ERP study showing larger N350 amplitude elicited by PS character than SP characters in the male brain, and an opposite pattern in the female brain. The split fovea claim suggests that the two halves of a centrally fixated character are initially processed in different hemispheres. The male brain typically relies more on the left hemisphere for phonological processing compared with the female brain, causing this gender difference to emerge. This interaction is also predicted by an implemented computational model, contrasting a split cognitive architecture, in which the mapping between orthography to phonology is mediated by two partially encapsulated, interconnected processing do-mains, and a non-split cognitive architecture, in which the mapping is mediated by a single, undifferentiated processing domain. Thus, the effects of foveal splitting in read-ing extend far enough to interact with the gender of the reader in a naturalistic reading task. In short, this dissertation demonstrates that foveal splitting is a universal language proc-essing phenomenon, precise enough to project the two radicals of a centrally-fixated Chinese character to different hemispheres to allow a flexible division of labour be-tween the two hemispheres to emerge, and its effects in reading extend far enough into word recognition to interact with the gender of the reader in a naturalistic reading task. The results can also be extrapolated to Chinese word and sentence processing as well as to other languages. This dissertation thus has contributed to a better understanding of the relationship between brain structure and language processes.
50
Josefsson, Therese, and Isabell Fröberg. "Strategier för att befästa och vidga elevens ordförråd : Om uppgiftsuppläggets teoretiska förankring i ett läromedel som används i svenska som andraspråk." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53881.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyses the textbook Veckans ord 5 by Britta Redin and Görel Hydén (2003), which is used as a teaching aid in Swedish as a second language. The aim is to examine the theories of vocabulary learning and the learning strategies revealed in the content and design of the textbook and thereby examine its functionality for Swedish L2 pupils. We use content analysis as a method and apply it to selected chapters in the book connected to vocabulary learning and how pupils are expected to consolidate the words they learn. The analysis also considers whether the exercises deal with the form of words (morphology, orthography, phonology) or their content (syntax, lexical field, synonyms, hyponyms, antonyms). The result shows that the arrangement of the textbook agrees with some common theories and vocabulary learning strategies such as repeating words, linking them to synonyms and learning words through pictures. Another finding is that the exercises highlight the form of words more than their content and meaning.