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King, Robert. "Caseload Management, Work-Related Stress and Case Manager Self-Efficacy Among Victorian Mental Health Case Managers." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 5 (January 1, 2009): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670902817661.
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Objective: In Australia and comparable countries, case management has become the dominant process by which public mental health services provide outpatient clinical services to people with severe mental illness. There is recognition that caseload size impacts on service provision and that management of caseloads is an important dimension of overall service management. There has been little empirical investigation, however, of caseload and its management. The present study was undertaken in the context of an industrial agreement in Victoria, Australia that required services to introduce standardized approaches to caseload management. The aims of the present study were therefore to (i) investigate caseload size and approaches to caseload management in Victoria's mental health services; and (ii) determine whether caseload size and/or approach to caseload management is associated with work-related stress or case manager self-efficacy among community mental health professionals employed in Victoria's mental health services. Method: A total of 188 case managers responded to an online cross-sectional survey with both purpose-developed items investigating methods of case allocation and caseload monitoring, and standard measures of work-related stress and case manager personal efficacy. Results: The mean caseload size was 20 per full-time case manager. Both work-related stress scores and case manager personal efficacy scores were broadly comparable with those reported in previous studies. Higher caseloads were associated with higher levels of work-related stress and lower levels of case manager personal efficacy. Active monitoring of caseload was associated with lower scores for work-related stress and higher scores for case manager personal efficacy, regardless of size of caseload. Although caseloads were most frequently monitored by the case manager, there was evidence that monitoring by a supervisor was more beneficial than self-monitoring. Conclusion: Routine monitoring of caseload, especially by a workplace supervisor, may be effective in reducing work-related stress and enhancing case manager personal efficacy.
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Gilchrist, Gail, Sandra Davidson, Aves Middleton, Helen Herrman, Kelsey Hegarty, and Jane Gunn. "Factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation among primary care patients with depression: a naturalistic cohort study." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-10-2014-0036.
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Purpose – People with a history of depression are more likely to smoke and less likely to achieve abstinence from smoking long term. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation among patients with depression. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports on smoking prevalence and cessation in a cohort of 789 primary care attendees with depressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of=16) recruited from 30 randomly selected Primary Care Practices in Victoria, Australia in 2005. Findings – At baseline, 32 per cent of participants smoked. Smokers were more likely to be male, unmarried, receive government benefits, have difficulty managing on available income, have emphysema, a chronic illness, poor self-rated health, to have more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, to be taking anti-depressants, to be hazardous drinkers, to report suicidal ideation and to have experienced childhood physical or sexual abuse. At 12 months, 20 participants reported quitting. Females and people with good or better self-rated health were significantly more likely to have quit, while people with a chronic illness or suicidal ideation were less likely to quit. Smoking cessation was not associated with increases in depression or anxiety symptoms. Only six participants remained quit over four years. Practical implications – Rates of smoking were high, and long-term cessation was low among primary care patients with depressive symptoms. Primary care physicians should provide additional monitoring and support to assist smokers with depression quit and remain quit. Originality/value – This is the first naturalistic study of smoking patterns among primary care attendees with depressive symptoms.
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Taylor, Steven J. "Children, poverty and mental health in rural and urban England (1850–1907)." Rural History 31, no. 2 (October 2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793319000372.
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Abstract Over the course of the nineteenth century children increasingly became social, economic and scientific concerns. Their physical and mental well-being was deemed intrinsic to the future development of Britain and its Empire, and thus maintaining healthy youngsters was, by the turn of the twentieth century, considered a national priority. This article explores the interconnectivity between poverty and the child residents of pauper lunatic asylums in England. It draws on a corpus of extant patient case files from four pauper lunatic asylums between 1851 and 1907 and engages with detailed information about the children and their mental conditions. Additionally, there will be a focus on understanding family backgrounds, parental occupations, the correlation between diagnoses and class, and methods of ‘treatment’ designed to equip children for independent working lifestyles. The overarching objective is to consider the socio-economic ramifications of child mental illness for parents and families and better understand how Victorian institutions accommodated this specific class of patient.
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Kesic, Dragana, Stuart D. M. Thomas, and James R. P. Ogloff. "Mental Illness Among Police Fatalities in Victoria 1982–2007: Case Linkage Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 44, no. 5 (May 2010): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048670903493355.
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Parker, Neville. "The Garry David Case." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (September 1991): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679109062638.
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A prisoner with an antisocial personality disorder had almost completed his sentence for attempted murder and there was considerable public concern over his imminent release. The article discusses the many attempts made by the Victorian Government during the past six months to detain him. A recommendation was made to change the Mental Health Act 1986 by including personality disorders as a form of “mental illness”. The outcome of such advice has enormous implications for the practice of psychiatry in Victoria.
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Edvardsson, Kristina, Elizabeth Hughes, Beverley Copnell, Ingrid Mogren, Don Vicendese, and Richard Gray. "Severe mental illness and pregnancy outcomes in Australia. A population-based study of 595 792 singleton births 2009–2016." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): e0264512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264512.
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Background Women with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) may have more complex pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes that require different care and management, but this has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to explore associations between SMI and adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods Our sample included all reported live singleton births in Victoria 2009–2016 (N = 595 792). Associations between SMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes were explored using Odds Ratios (OR), adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and co-morbidities, including any other mental illness. Results Of all singleton births, 2046 (0.34%) were to a mother diagnosed with a SMI. We found evidence of an association between SMI and a range of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Compared to women without SMI, women with a SMI had higher adjusted odds of being admitted to a High Dependency Unit or Intensive Care Unit (aOR 1.83, 1.37–2.43), having gestational diabetes mellitus (1.57, 1.34–1.84), undergoing an unplanned caesarean section (1.17, 1.02–1.33), induction of labour (1.17, 1.05–1.30) and postpartum haemorrhage (1.15, 1.03–1.29). Newborns of women with SMI had higher adjusted odds of being admitted to Special Care Nursery (aOR 1.61, 1.43–1.80), a low Apgar score at 5 minutes (1.50, 1.19–1.90), preterm birth (1.40, 1.20–1.63), and low birthweight (1.26, 1.06–1.49). Conclusion Women with SMI are at higher risk for a range of adverse maternal and infant outcomes and are a population that may benefit from targeted early identification and enhanced antenatal care.
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Wallace, Cameron, Paul E. Mullen, Philip Burgess, Simon Palmer, David Ruschena, and Chris Browne. "Serious criminal offending and mental disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 6 (June 1998): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.6.477.
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BackgroundA relationship exists between mental disorder and offending behaviours but the nature and extent of the association remains in doubt.MethodThose convicted in the higher courts of Victoria between 1993 and 1995 had their pyschiatric history explored by case linkage to a register listing virtually all contacts with the public psychiatric services.ResultsPrior psychiatric contact was found in 25% of offenders, but the personality disorder and substance misuse accounted for much of this relationship. Schizophrenia and affective disorders were also over-represented, particularly those with coexisting substance misuse.ConclusionsThe increased offending in schizophrenia and affective illness is modest and may often be mediated by coexisting substance misuse. The risk of a serious crime being committed by someone with a major mental illness is small and does not justify subjecting them, as a group, to either increased institutional containment or greater coercion.
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Mowbray, Carol, Andrea Solarz, Claudia Combs, and V. Sue Johnson. "Mental illness and homelessness in Detroit: Research and case studies." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 10, no. 2 (1986): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099614.
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Waddell, Charlotte. "Creativity and Mental Illness: Is There a Link?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 2 (March 1998): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300206.
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Objective: To critically assess the scientific evidence for associating creativity with mental illness. Method: MEDLINE and secondary literature searches identified 29 studies and 34 review articles on creativity and mental illness. All studies were critically evaluated. Reviews were also assessed. Results: Of 29 studies that evaluated possible associations between creativity and mental illness, 15 found no evidence to link creativity and mental illness, 9 found positive evidence, and 5 had unclear findings. Most studies used flawed methodologies with weak (case series or case control) designs. There were no randomized or prospective cohort studies. Adequate criteria for determining causal association were not met. In 34 selective reviews, despite mixed evidence, many authors asserted that creativity and mental illness were positively or causally associated. Conclusions: There is limited scientific evidence to associate creativity with mental illness. Despite this, many authors promoted a connection. Explanations for this contradiction are explored, and social and research implications are discussed.
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Orchard, Christa, Nancy Carnide, Cameron Mustard, and Peter M. Smith. "Prevalence of serious mental illness and mental health service use after a workplace injury: a longitudinal study of workers’ compensation claimants in Victoria, Australia." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-105995.
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ObjectivesSerious mental illness is common among those who have experienced a physical workplace injury, yet little is known about mental health service use in this population. This study aims to estimate the proportion of the workplace musculoskeletal injury population experiencing a mental illness, the proportion who access mental health services through the workers’ compensation system and the factors associated with likelihood of accessing services.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was conducted with a random sample of 615 workers’ compensation claimants followed over three survey waves between June 2014 and July 2015. The primary outcome was receiving any type of mental health service use during this period, as determined by linking survey responses to administrative compensation system records for the 18 months after initial interview.ResultsOf 181 (29.4%) participants who met the case definition for a serious mental illness at one or more of the three interviews, 75 (41.4%) accessed a mental health service during the 18-month observation period. Older age (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and achieving sustained return to work (OR=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) were associated with reduced odds of mental health service use. Although not significant, being born in Australia was associated with an increased odds of service use (OR=2.23, 95% CI 0.97 to 5.10).ConclusionsThe proportion of injured workers with musculoskeletal conditions experiencing mental illness is high, yet the proportion receiving mental health services is low. More work is needed to explore factors associated with mental health service use in this population, including the effect of returning to work.
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Bartholomew, Theodore T. "Omunanamwengu (The Mad One): A Multiple Case Study of Individual and Familial Experiences of Madness Among the Northern Namibian Aawambo." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 7-8 (June 26, 2020): 597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120938147.
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To understand mental illness in cultural contexts, research should focus on locally informed concepts of illness and the lived experiences of such conditions. Understanding mental illness, its prevalence, and its influence on people’s lives in Namibia represents one such context where attention to the lived experience of mental illness remains understudied. The purpose of the current study was to build upon ethnographic findings about mental illness as madness ( eemwengu) among the Namibian Aawambo. To that end, a multiple case study design was used to explore the lived experience of being omunanamwengu (the mad one). Data were collected from four cases that were bound by the experience of mental illness. Within each case, the individual experiencing illness ( omunanamwengu), family members, and both omunanamwengu and family members were interviewed formally (via a semi-structured interview protocol) or informally due to participants’ preferences for not being recorded. Using Stake’s suggested approach to multiple-case study cross-case analysis, each individual case is described and cross-case themes (Development and Symptoms of Mental Illness; Marginalization and Omunanamwengu; Family Roles in the Lives of the Distressed and Eemwengu; Belief in Treatment) were identified. Findings are discussed in light of the role of beliefs in treatment as well as family involvement, the potential influence of discrimination on mental illness, and implications for practice and cross-cultural psychology.
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McDaid, David, A.-La Park, and Kristian Wahlbeck. "The Economic Case for the Prevention of Mental Illness." Annual Review of Public Health 40, no. 1 (April 2019): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629.
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Poor mental health has profound economic consequences. Given the burden of poor mental health, the economic case for preventing mental illness and promoting better mental health may be very strong, but too often prevention attracts little attention and few resources. This article describes the potential role that can be played by economic evidence alongside experimental trials and observational studies, or through modeling, to substantiate the need for increased investment in prevention. It illustrates areas of action across the life course where there is already a good economic case. It also suggests some further areas of substantive public health concern, with promising effectiveness evidence, that may benefit from economic analysis. Financial and economic barriers to implementation are then presented, and strategies to address the barriers and increase investment in the prevention of mental illness are suggested.
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Gau, Susan S. F., and Andrew T. A. Cheng. "Mental illness and accidental death." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 5 (November 2004): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.5.422.
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BackgroundFew studies have systematically investigated the psychiatric antecedents of accidental death.AimsTo examine the patterns of psychiatric morbidities contributing to accidental death in three ethnic groups (Han, Ami and Atayal) in Taiwan.MethodA case–control psychological autopsy was conducted among 90 accidental deaths (randomly selected from a total of 413) and 180 living controls matched for age, gender, ethnicity and area of residence in Taiwan.ResultsThe risk of accidental death was significantly associated with alcohol use disorder and with other common mental disorders. When jointly considered, it was greatest when these two types of disorders co-existed, followed by common mental disorders alone. The risk of accidental death increased with the number of comorbid conditions.ConclusionsThe prevention of accidental death should be incorporated into preventive psychiatry, not just for alcohol use disorder, but also for all other common mental disorders.
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Anderson, Sky LaRell. "Portraying Mental Illness in Video Games." Loading 13, no. 21 (September 14, 2020): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071449ar.
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This exploratory study examines three video games as case studies for how video games may portray mental illness through interactive, non-narrative design features. The analysis not only reports findings but also offers an evaluation for how video games might improve in how they depict mental illness. The games studied are What Remains of Edith Finch, Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice, and Doki Doki Literature Club. The analysis identifies how these games use audiovisual styles, control systems, game goals, and procedurality to portray mental illness. A report of the discovered themes precedes a discussion of innovations and weaknesses of those depictions of mental illness.
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Powles, William E., and Mary G. Alexander. "Was Queen Victoria Depressed? 1. Natural History and Differential Diagnosis of Presenting Problem." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 1 (February 1987): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200105.
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For some years we have speculated as to whether Queen Victoria suffered a definable psychiatric illness in her notorious and prolonged seclusion after the Prince Consort's death. We here summarize criteria for grief and depression from three authorities. Against these, we examine the natural history of the Queen's bereavement and restitution. We find that her suffering and her portrayal of the role of widow were related to her personal style and were culturally accepted. Her self-esteem, ego functions, and object relatedness were preserved. While some clinicians might favour a diagnosis of Dysthymic Disorder, we find the evidence strongly in favour of an intense, prolonged, normal human grief (Uncomplicated Bereavement of DSM III) coloured by a romantic and histrionic personal style. Intensity and duration do not, in this case, establish a diagnosis of depression.
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Fulford, Megan, and John Farhall. "Hospital Versus Home Care for the Acutely Mentally Ill? Preferences of Caregivers Who Have Experienced Both Forms of Service." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 5 (October 2001): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0004867010060510.
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Objective: Demonstration studies of community treatment as an alternative to hospitalization have reported high degrees of satisfaction by family carers. We aimed to determine the extent of carer preference for hospital versus community treatment for acute mental illness in a routine setting where carers had experienced both service types. Method: Patients who had contact with both a hospital inpatient service and a Crisis Assessment and Treatment (CAT) team within the previous 5 years were identified. Seventy-seven family carers of these patients completed a questionnaire which identified their preference for services, and psychological and demographic variables likely to be predictive of their choice. Results: Only half the carers preferred a CAT service to treat their relative in the event of a future relapse. Psychological variables were better predictors of choice than were demographic variables. Conclusions: The proportion of caregivers who prefer community treatment for acute psychosis may be smaller than previously thought. The lower carer satisfaction found here may be associated with the short-term interventions of Victoria's CAT teams, the severity of acute relapses and the duration of the patient's mental health problem.
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Lilford, Philippa, and Julian C. Hughes. "Epidemiology and mental illness in old age." BJPsych Advances 26, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.56.
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SUMMARYThis is an overview of epidemiology relevant to mental health problems in old age. We start by reviewing some basic terminology: the definitions of prevalence and incidence; the difference between descriptive and analytical epidemiology; the differences between study designs, including cross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies. We then cover the main epidemiological features of the major psychiatric diseases that affect older people (dementia and its different types, depression, late-onset schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, delirium, anxiety-related disorders, eating disorders, alcohol and substance misuse, personality disorders) and suicide.We end with some descriptive statistics regarding quality of life in older people.
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Campbell, Anthony David. "Clergy Perceptions of Mental Illness and Confronting Stigma in Congregations." Religions 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121110.
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Mental illness and stigma are key concerns in congregations and represent important threats to community health. Clergies are considered influential in how congregants think about and respond to mental health issues, especially in African American congregations. In-depth interviews with 32 African American and White clergies were conducted to understand their unique perspectives on mental health and how they interact with their congregations based on those perspectives. Findings include six themes related to mental health stigma, namely, holistic definitions of health; African Americans and different conceptions of mental health (only reported by African American clergies); code words and language; depression as a special case; perceptions of mental health counseling and treatment; and clergy strategies for addressing mental health stigma. The clergies in this study recognized their influence on ideas related to mental health in their congregations, and most expressed active efforts toward discussing mental health and reducing stigma.
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Hamblen, Jessica L., M. Kay Jankowski, Stanley D. Rosenberg, and Kim T. Mueser. "Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for PTSD in People with Severe Mental Illness: Three Case Studies." American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (May 2004): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15487760490476192.
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McKenzie, Nigel, Sabine Landau, Navneet Kapur, Janet Meehan, Jo Robinson, Harriet Bickley, Rebecca Parsons, and Louis Appleby. "Clustering of suicides among people with mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 5 (November 2005): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.476.
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BackgroundMost previous investigations of imitative suicide have reported suicide clustering in the general population, either temporal clustering following media reporting of suicide or case studies of geographically localised clusters.AimsTo determine whether space–time and space–time–method clustering occur in a national case register of those who had recent contact with mental health services and had died by suicide and to estimate the suicide imitation rate in this population.MethodKnox tests were used for space–time and space–time–method clustering. Model simulations were used to estimate effect size.ResultsHighly significant space–time and space–time–method clustering was found in a sample of 2741 people who died by suicide over 4 years who had had recent contact with one of 105 mental health trusts. Model simulations with an imitation rate of 10.1% (CI 4-17) reproduced the observed space–time–method clustering.ConclusionsThis study provides indirect evidence that imitative suicide occurs among people with mental illnesses and may account for about 10% of suicides by current and recent patients.
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Grabowski, John, and Vikram K. Yeragani. "Porphyria and Psychosis: A Case Report*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (June 1987): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200514.
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This article reports the case of a 41 year old female with a history of acute intermittent porphyria who presented with exacerbation of a chronic psychotic illness. Though the evaluative studies for an acute porphyric episode were negative, psychological testing was consistent with an organic patchy cognitive decline. This finding is discussed in relation to the reported assymetric neuropathic lesions reported in porphyria.
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Carless, David, and Kitrina Douglas. "The Role of Sport and Exercise in Recovery from Serious Mental Illness: Two Case Studies." International Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0702.137.
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Henwood, Benjamin F., Deborah K. Padgett, Bikki Tran Smith, and Emmy Tiderington. "Substance Abuse Recovery After Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness: Case Studies of Change Over Time." Journal of Dual Diagnosis 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2012.697448.
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Banks, Andrae, Lashawnda Fields, Curtis O’Dwyer, Marquisha Lawrence Scott, and Sean Joe. "Treating Mental Illness Among Diabetic Black Male Adolescents." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 3 (April 12, 2017): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731517702746.
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Objective: To examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for treatment evidence for Black male adolescents suffering from comorbid mental illness and diabetes mellitus. Method: A review of the studies published in English-language journals was conducted. Results: We found no RCT focused on Black males with diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). However, we found RCT inclusive of Black male adolescents with diabetes mellitus Type 1 (DMT1). Multisystemic therapy appears to be the best supported overall treatment for DMT1 management and psychosocial functioning followed by an enhanced form of behavioral family systems therapy for diabetics. Metformin was the only treatment in this review noted for use within DMT2. Metformin and a nursing-based telephone case management intervention realized utility as secondary services. Conclusions: There are gaps present for what effectively treats comorbid mental illness and DMT2 in Black male adolescents. For comorbid mental illness and DMT1, there are gaps in additional efficacious treatments, effectiveness across conditions, and effect duration beyond 24 months.
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Burvill, P. W., H. Stampfer, and W. Hall. "Does Depressive Illness in the Elderly Have a Poor Prognosis?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678609158895.
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The few available longitudinal studies of depressive illness in the elderly indicate a poor prognosis. Various risk factors are discussed. Both severe and chronic physical illness, and severity of the depressive disorder are the two most important prognostic factors. The possibility of interactional effects between these risk factors should be studied. Most studies to date have been of severely depressed patients and this may give an unduly pessimistic picture. A case is made for the desirability of well-designed prognostic longitudinal studies with subjects being drawn from a wide spectrum of severity of illness.
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Heerde, Jessica A., Gabriel J. Merrin, Vi T. Le, John W. Toumbourou, and Jennifer A. Bailey. "Health of Young Adults Experiencing Social Marginalization and Vulnerability: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031711.
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People who experience social marginalization and vulnerability have uniquely complex health needs and are at risk of poor health outcomes. Regression analyses using longitudinal data from a cross-national, population-based sample of young adults participating in the International Youth Development Study, tested associations between social marginalization and vulnerabilities and physical health, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Participants from Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the US were surveyed at ages 25 (2014) and 29 years (2018; N = 1944; 46.7% male). A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), LGBT identity, financial insecurity, and justice system involvement at age 25 predicted poor health outcomes at age 28, including lower perceived health status, risk for chronic illness, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diagnosed mental health/substance use disorders. Tests of model equivalence across states showed that a history of ACEs was more strongly related to health status and serious injury at age 28 and justice system involvement at age 25 was more strongly related to age 28 serious injury in Victoria than in Washington State. Findings strengthen the case for future population-based research identifying life-course interventions and state policies for reducing poor health and improving health equity among members of socially marginalized groups.
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Hanrahan, Nancy P., Donna Rolin-Kenny, June Roman, Aparna Kumar, Linda Aiken, and Michael Blank. "Promoting Self-Care Management Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness and HIV." Home Health Care Management & Practice 23, no. 6 (May 12, 2011): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822311405457.
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People with a serious mental illness (SMI) along with HIV have complex health conditions. This population also has high rates of poverty, difficulty in sustaining regular housing, and limited supportive networks. Typically, the combination of psychotropic and HIV medication regimens is complicated, changes frequently, and requires coordination among multiple providers. Furthermore, fragmented and divided primary health care and mental health care systems present substantial barriers for these individuals and for the public health nurses who care for them. In this article, we present “real world” case studies of individuals with SMI and HIV and the self-care management strategies used by nurses to address medication and treatment management, build interpersonal skills, and develop sustainable health networks. The case studies can be used for quality improvement discussions among practicing public health nurses and for instructing nursing students in a self-care management approach.
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Flores, P., R. Izquierdo, E. Leahy, C. Masferrer, and P. Ryan. "Promoting mental health minimising mental illness and integrating through education (PROMISE)." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72240-4.
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With the implementation of the European Green Paper on Mental Health, and the development of the Mental Health Pact, the strategic importance of Mental Health promotion and illness reduction as keystones of a European mental health policy and practice has never been greater.The PROMISE project is a EU project and is financed by the European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Consumers, DG Sanco. It aims to develop and disseminate guidelines for generic training and education with respect to Mental Health Promotion and Illness Reduction. The best practice guidelines will specifically focus on the prevention of suicide, depression, and alcohol and drug abuse, and the promotion of healthy living.A specific innovation is the involvement of mental health service users as non-traditional actors by developing multi-disciplinary training guidelines and training programs with a special emphasis on positive mental health, healthy living, diet and exercise project.Project partners are all ‘multiplier’ organizations from 8 different European countries and have extensive previous expertise in their designated roles.The role of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona PROMISE is: Identify best practice media guidelines for engaging press and media with the mental health promotion agenda through the use of positive role models. Monitor the implementation of the best practice guidelines through the design and development of local case studies in 7 sites across Europe.Outcomes are an integrated and comprehensive set of training guidelines and model training programs accessed through an interactive website, endorsed by European level professional body and university networks.
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Ferrara, M., G. Solignani, S. Ferrari, M. Rigatelli, and G. Guaraldi. "FC30-01 - Severe mental illness is an HIV indicator disease." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73686-0.
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IntroductionHIV testing is not yet a routine procedure in most mental health settings although adults with severe mental illness (SMI) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS.ObjectivesWe focused our attention to explore if the appropriate care of patients with SMI may include a routine HIV testing offering and thus contribute to diagnose HIV-infected persons earlier in the course of their infection.MethodsWe present three case histories related to primary HIV diagnosis in patients presenting with different psychiatric disorders, admitted to Modena teaching Hospital in the passed two years.ResultsPsychiatric symptoms delayed HIV diagnosis in all of the three reported cases.ConclusionsThe case histories here presented suggest that HIV testing is appropriate in the care of people with SMI, avoiding delay in HIV diagnosis with an obvious clinical benefit for the patient. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of HIV in those patients. These will be able to validate psychiatric diseases within a specific HIV indicator diseases list and help identifying a segment of the population in which HIV test must be routinely offered as a public health strategy, to face the burden of undiagnosed HIV infection.
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Fernandes, Adalberto. "The Problematic Scientificity of Psychology in the Media: How Mental Illness Coverage Could Lead to Criminality Prejudice." Tripodos, no. 52 (June 30, 2022): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2022.52p71-90.
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We analysed how psychologists in the media approached a recent case of mass murder “attempt” by a university student. Contrary to previous media studies focused on the relationship between crime and mental health, we do not take for granted the scientificity of psychology in order to understand how its trembling epistemic status affects its public discourse. The case was one of the first happening in Europe during the COVID-19 crisis, an event that is known for its impacts on mental health. Using Foucault’s genealogical-archaeological method we found that there was a prominent level of speculation that, dangerously, linked mental illness with criminal behaviour, especially when there was a lack of information about the student and his intentions. The pandemic context constituted a renewed opportunity for experts to talk about ‘collective mental illness’ in alarming terms. Interestingly, the experts presented naïve versions of the “magic bullet theory” to explain the power that media have on subjects with mental illness who engage in criminal behaviour. We also found that specialists proposed hypotheses that cannot be disproven, creating a dogmatic sense of a fearful inescapability from mental illness that can lead to criminal behaviour.
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Tobin, Margaret J. "Rural Psychiatric Services." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 1 (February 1996): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076079.
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Objective: The objective was to describe and evaluate a community mental health service developed during 1991–1992 in an attempt to meet the mental illness needs of an isolated rural community. The setting was the Grampians health region in Western Victoria: this region has an area of 45,000 square kilo-metres and a population of 182,000. Method: The method involved firstly describing the evolution of the service delivery model. This comprised a team of travelling psychiatrists and community psychiatric nurses which succeeded in providing a combined inpatient and outpatient service which was integrated with general practitioners. Secondly, diagnostic and case load descriptions of patients receiving service were compared for both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Results: The results were that reduced reliance on inpatient beds and increased consumer satisfaction were achieved. Conclusion: It was concluded that on initial evaluation of the service it was seen to be meeting its objective of treating the seriously mentally ill in an isolated rural community based setting.
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Whitley, Rob. "Commentary on “Substance Abuse Recovery After Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness: Case Studies of Change Over Time”." Journal of Dual Diagnosis 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2012.697984.
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Thekkumkara, Sreekanth Nair, Aarti Jagannathan, Prabhu Jadhav, Sumit Kumar Durgoji, Krishna Prasad Muliyala, Hareesh Angothu, and Venkata Senthil Kumar Reddi. "‘Family centric rehabilitation’ for persons with mental illness in India: Conceptual framework using evidence-based case studies’." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 54 (December 2020): 102344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102344.
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López Rodrigo, M. V., A. Osca Oliver, M. Palomo Monge, and M. Pérez Fominaya. "“Could she be a good mother?. The stigma of mental illness in motherhood. A case report." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1444.
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Introduction Approximately 15% of pregnant women suffer from a mental illness, however only half of them accept psychopharmacological treatment. One of the reasons for refusing treatment is the stigma attached to it.An important part of functional recovery is defining identity. This identity is multifactorial and is defined by several variables, one of them being gender.Several studies on motherhood in women with mental illness define the importance of a mothering identity, providing meaning and values. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman, mother of a two-year-old child, undergoing follow-up at a psychiatric clinic for recurrent depressive episodes and a history of two suicide attempts ten years ago. Currently stable in treatment with escitalopram 10 mg and lorazepam 1 mg if necessary.The woman refers the desire to abandon treatment after realizing that she is pregnant again. Therapeutic accompaniment is decided. The social worker from the obstetric service communicates with the psychiatric service to question the woman’s ability to care for a child with her psychiatric history. Objectives Determine the stigma of mental illness, including among healthcare workers. Methods The woman makes her decision with full judgment. The patient is accompanied during pregnancy without incident, with clinical stability. Results After delivery, the patient decides to resume psychopharmacological treatment. Conclusions Having a mental illness does not determine a woman’s ability to be a mother. As long as it is agreed with the psychiatrist, patients have the right to make decisions about their treatment. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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MANN, STEPHEN KA FAI, and BONNIE BO WAH CHONG. "HOW STIGMA FROM THE PUBLIC AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS AFFECTS SELF-PERCEPTION IN PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS IN HONG KONG: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, no. 01n02 (January 2016): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246216000036.
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This study aims to explore the interrelationship between different types of stigma experienced by people with mental illness. A multiple case studies approach was adopted, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten Chinese with mental illness in Hong Kong. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the respondents were stigmatized by the public, their significant others, and themselves. Results suggested that stigma from the public and significant others might have remarkable association with self-stigma among the respondents. Moreover, self-stigma might reinforce the sense of powerlessness and the adoption of negative coping strategies. A self-disruptive vicious cycle of stigma of people with mental illness is proposed and discussed.
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Soundy, Andrew, Paul Freeman, Brendon Stubbs, Michel Probst, Carolyn Roskell, and Davy Vancampfort. "The Psychosocial Consequences of Sports Participation for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Metasynthesis Review." Advances in Psychiatry 2015 (February 23, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/261642.
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The purpose of the current metasynthesis review was to explore the psychosocial benefits of sport and psychosocial factors which impact on sports participation for individuals with severe mental illness. AMED, CINAHL Plus, Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, and Science Citation Index were searched from inception until January 2014. Articles included use qualitative methods to examine the psychosocial effects of sports participation in people with severe mental illness. Methodological quality was assessed using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies and a case study tool. Included studies were analysed within a metasynthesis approach. Eight articles involving 56 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results identified the broader and direct psychosocial benefits of sport. Sport provided a “normal” environment and interactions that were not associated with an individual’s mental illness. Sport provided individuals with a sense of meaning, purpose, belonging, identity, and achievement. Other findings are discussed. Direct psychosocial benefits are a consequence of sports participation for the vast majority of individuals with severe mental illness. Further to this, sports participation was associated with a reduction in social isolation and an increase in social confidence, autonomy, and independence.
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Dey, Vishal, Peter Krasniak, Minh Nguyen, Clara Lee, and Xia Ning. "A Pipeline to Understand Emerging Illness Via Social Media Data Analysis: Case Study on Breast Implant Illness." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e29768. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29768.
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Background A new illness can come to public attention through social media before it is medically defined, formally documented, or systematically studied. One example is a condition known as breast implant illness (BII), which has been extensively discussed on social media, although it is vaguely defined in the medical literature. Objective The objective of this study is to construct a data analysis pipeline to understand emerging illnesses using social media data and to apply the pipeline to understand the key attributes of BII. Methods We constructed a pipeline of social media data analysis using natural language processing and topic modeling. Mentions related to signs, symptoms, diseases, disorders, and medical procedures were extracted from social media data using the clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System. We mapped the mentions to standard medical concepts and then summarized these mapped concepts as topics using latent Dirichlet allocation. Finally, we applied this pipeline to understand BII from several BII-dedicated social media sites. Results Our pipeline identified topics related to toxicity, cancer, and mental health issues that were highly associated with BII. Our pipeline also showed that cancers, autoimmune disorders, and mental health problems were emerging concerns associated with breast implants, based on social media discussions. Furthermore, the pipeline identified mentions such as rupture, infection, pain, and fatigue as common self-reported issues among the public, as well as concerns about toxicity from silicone implants. Conclusions Our study could inspire future studies on the suggested symptoms and factors of BII. Our study provides the first analysis and derived knowledge of BII from social media using natural language processing techniques and demonstrates the potential of using social media information to better understand similar emerging illnesses.
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Happell, Brenda, and Chris Platania-Phung. "Review and analysis of the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program." Australian Health Review 43, no. 1 (2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17017.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to review and synthesise research on the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) to ascertain the benefits and limitations of this initiative for people with mental illness, general practitioners, mental health nurses and the wider community. Methods An electronic and manual search was made of the research literature for MHNIP in May 2017. Features of studies, including cohorts and findings, were tabulated and cross-study patterns in program processes and outcomes were closely compared. Results Seventeen reports of primary research data have been released. Triangulation of data from different cohorts, regions and design show that the program has been successful on the primary objectives of increased access to primary mental health care, and has received positive feedback from all major stakeholders. Although the program has been broadly beneficial to consumer health, there are inequities in access for people with mental illness. Conclusions The MHNIP greatly benefits the health of people with mental illness. Larger and more representative sampling of consumers is needed, as well as intensive case studies to provide a more comprehensive and effective understanding of the benefits and limitations of the program as it evolves with the establishment of primary health networks. What is known about the topic? The MHNIP is designed to increase access to mental health care in primary care settings such as general practice clinics. Studies have reported favourable views about the program. However, research is limited and further investigation is required to demonstrate the strengths and limitations of the program. What does this paper add? All studies reviewed reported that the MHNIP had positive implications for people with severe and persistent mental illness. Qualitative research has been most prevalent for mental health nurse views and research on Health of the Nation Outcome Scale scores for recipients of the program. There is more research on system dimensions than on person-centred care. Mental health consumers, carers and families have been neglected in the establishment, engagement and evaluation of the MHNIP. What are the implications for practitioners? A more systematic, national-level research program into the MHNIP is required that is centred more on the experiences of people with mental illness.
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McCauley-Elsom, Kay, and Jayashri Kulkarni. "Managing Psychosis in Pregnancy." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (March 2007): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601172798.
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Objective: This article provides an introduction to the complex issues surrounding the management of women who have a history of psychosis and who become pregnant. Balancing the mental wellbeing of the woman and the safety and wellbeing of the baby is a complex task for both the expectant mother and the health professionals involved in her care. Clinical picture: Within this article the complexity of the issues will be outlined as a case report of a woman with a history of psychotic related disorders, who was also pregnant. Treatment: The woman was being case managed by a Mental Health Service in Victoria, Australia, and was included on the National Register of Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy Register (NRAMP) recently established at the Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (APRC). Outcome: The profile of women with a history of previous mental illness, and who are pregnant, often includes a poor psychosocial history and involvement with child protection agencies with regard to custody of the children. Well meant but poorly coordinated decisions by health professionals result in sub-optimal outcomes for both mother and infant. Conclusion: There is a need for the exploration of the management and experiences of women who have a history of psychosis and who are pregnant. This case example highlights the complexity of issues surrounding the management of this vulnerable group of women and their babies.
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Pickard, Judy A., and Frank P. Deane. "Evaluation of the “Helping Hands” Volunteer Program for People with Mental Illness." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 6, no. 1 (2000): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001010.
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Volunteer programs have been used to alter attitudes, provide long-term knowledge towards mental illness and increase the quality of life of consumers receiving volunteer services. Sixteen volunteers completed an 18-hour training program and in pairs worked with 11 consumers over 4 months. Sixteen volunteers completed training measures of knowledge and attitudes scales. Pre and post program quality of life and behavioural functioning measures were taken on 5 consumers. Volunteers maintained their knowledge of mental illness over 6 months and had significant increases in their comfort in interactions with people who have mental illness. Case managers, consumers and volunteers all reported high levels of satisfaction with the program but there were no significant changes in behavioural functioning or quality of life for consumers over 4 months of receiving volunteer support. High levels of client disability and the need for longer term follow-up were identified as factors needing to be addressed in future studies.
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Sharma, Kartik, Pranab Mahapatra, and Sanghamitra Pati. "“To be or not to be”." Revista de Medicina y Cine 18, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/rmc.27910.
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Indian Cinema fondly referred to as Bollywood, has remained the cultural barometer of the country while being a powerful medium of entertainment articulating contemporaneous societal and medical issues. Particularly, the portrayal of mental illnesses remains an interesting yet under-studied domain to-date. Initially projected as synonymous with madness or insanity, psychiatric conditions gradually metamorphosed to more rational screen reflection. This article analyses the portrayal of the mental illness in three Hindi feature films (Omkara (2006), Haider (2014), Maqbool (2003) by Vishal Bhardwaj) that were based on the screen adaptations of Shakespearean Tragedy namely Othello, Hamlet and Macbeth, respectively. Through this phenomenological deliberation, we discuss how these movies in their own style and expressions have embodied mental illness in a hitherto unexplored way. Using extended case studies, we qualitatively investigated how the spectrum of mental illness was depicted; how these representations operated within cinematic narratives; whether the characters presented as an ideal; and, how the idea of the mental illness was an important construct for rendering structures comprehensible according to commonly held cultural understandings. Overall, we found, mental illness representations were characterized by a multi-dimensional morality; accompanied by gloomy structures with social chaos. Such adaptation of Shakespeare in the Indian context brings to light how mental illnesses is still perceived in India.
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Chang, Feng-Hang. "What are individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) dealing with in a competitive labor market? Two case studies." Work 51, no. 2 (June 5, 2015): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-141849.
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Memarian, Azadeh, Seyed Hossein Moosavinezhad Baboli, and Hanieh Saboori Shekofteh. "Insanity defence in bipolar patients at the time of committing murder according to Iranian law: Case studies." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219876548.
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness characterised by recurrent episodes of manic or depressive symptoms, with intervening periods that are relatively (but not fully) symptom-free. Studies have found higher rates of psychiatric disorders in homicide offenders than in the general population. The insanity defence is a legal construct that, under some circumstances, excuses defendants with mental illness from legal responsibility for criminal behaviour. Here we report two cases of family murder by the mother of the family caused by bipolar disease. The role of the forensic psychiatrist in diagnosing insanity during the commission of a crime is very important as these patients should be diagnosed, treated as soon as possible, and monitored. Public education through social media should be considered to reduce crimes in societies. Diagnosing insanity during the commission of a crime is very important and requires high precision forensic psychiatry. Public education through social media should be considered to reduce crimes in societies.
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Baxter, David, and Louis Appleby. "Case register study of suicide risk in mental disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 4 (October 1999): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.4.322.
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BackgroundThere have been few large-scale studies of long-term suicide risk in mental disorders in the UK.AimsTo estimate the long-term risk of suicide in psychiatric patients.MethodA sample of 7921 individuals was identified from the Salford Psychiatric Case Register. Mortality by suicide or undetermined external cause during a follow-up period of up to 18 years was determined using the NHS Central Register; suicide risks were estimated as rate ratios.ResultsSuicide risk was increased more than ten-fold in both genders: the rate ratio for males was 11.4; for females it was 13.7. The risk was highest in young patients, but high risk continued into late life. The diagnoses with the highest risk were schizophrenia, affective disorders, personality disorder and (in males) substance dependence. Risk was also associated with recent initial contact and number of admissions but not comorbidity.ConclusionsThe suicide risks estimated in this study are generally higher than those previously reported, notably in schizophrenia and personality disorder, and in previous in-patients. Patients with these high-risk diagnoses, an onset of illness within the previous 1–3 years, or more than one previous admission should be regarded as priority groups for suicide prevention by mental health services.
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Basu, Soumya, and Anton N. Isaacs. "Profile of transcultural patients in a regional Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Gippsland, Australia: The need for a multidimensional understanding of the complexities." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019835264.
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Background: Several childhood stressors related to immigration have been documented, and it is important for clinicians to understand and address the various factors that may lead to or act as maintaining factors of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Aims: To describe the cultural profile of transcultural patients presenting to a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in regional Victoria and identify the most common disorders and psychosocial stressors they presented with. Method: Descriptive analysis was applied to 101 case records of patients with a transcultural background who attended the CAMHS of Latrobe Regional Hospital in Gippsland Victoria from 2013 to 2017. The Adverse Childhood Experience questionnaire was retrospectively applied to capture psychosocial stressors such as ‘bullying’, ‘racism’ and ‘family conflict’, sexual abuse, physical violence, parents with mental illness and parental substance use. Results: Almost 60% of patients were male and over 46% Aboriginal. Those from a non-Aboriginal background belonged to 19 different cultural entities, the most common of which was a mixed Asian and European heritage. The most common diagnoses were disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (38.6%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (32.7%) and developmental trauma disorder (26.7%). The most common psychosocial stressors were conflict and death in the family (44.6%), domestic violence (41.6%) and emotional abuse (34.7%). ‘Parent in jail’ and ‘domestic violence’ were associated with having an Aboriginal background ( p < .005). ‘Cultural differences with parent’ was associated with a non-Aboriginal background ( p < .005). Conclusion: This study provides a snapshot of challenges faced by children from different cultural backgrounds while adjusting in a rural area in Australia. A broad-based formulation and cultural awareness by clinicians can enable a better understanding of the complexities, guide management plans and inform public health policies for primary prevention and early intervention.
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Hannigan, Ben, Deborah Edwards, Sally Anstey, Michael Coffey, Paul Gill, Mala Mann, and Alan Meudell. "End-of-life care for people with severe mental illness: the MENLOC evidence synthesis." Health and Social Care Delivery Research 10, no. 4 (March 2022): 1–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/ulti9178.
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Background People with severe mental illness have significant comorbidities and a reduced life expectancy. This project answered the following question: what evidence is there relating to the organisation, provision and receipt of care for people with severe mental illness who have an additional diagnosis of advanced incurable cancer and/or end-stage lung, heart, renal or liver failure and who are likely to die within the next 12 months? Objectives The objectives were to locate, appraise and synthesise relevant research; to locate and synthesise policy, guidance, case reports and other grey and non-research literature; to produce outputs with clear implications for service commissioning, organisation and provision; and to make recommendations for future research. Review methods This systematic review and narrative synthesis followed international standards and was informed by an advisory group that included people with experience of mental health and end-of-life services. Database searches were supplemented with searches for grey and non-research literature. Relevance and quality were assessed, and data were extracted prior to narrative synthesis. Confidence in synthesised research findings was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approaches. Results One hundred and four publications were included in two syntheses: 34 research publications, 42 case studies and 28 non-research items. No research was excluded because of poor quality. Research, policy and guidance were synthesised using four themes: structure of the system, professional issues, contexts of care and living with severe mental illness. Case studies were synthesised using five themes: diagnostic delay and overshadowing, decisional capacity and dilemmas, medical futility, individuals and their networks, and care provision. Conclusions A high degree of confidence applied to 10 of the 52 Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research summary statements. Drawing on these statements, policy, services and practice implications are as follows: formal and informal partnership opportunities should be taken across the whole system, and ways need to be found to support people to die where they choose; staff caring for people with severe mental illness at the end of life need education, support and supervision; services for people with severe mental illness at the end of life necessitate a team approach, including advocacy; and the timely provision of palliative care requires proactive physical health care for people with severe mental illness. Research recommendations are as follows: patient- and family-facing studies are needed to establish the factors helping and hindering care in the UK context; and studies are needed that co-produce and evaluate new ways of providing and organising end-of-life care for people with severe mental illness, including people who are structurally disadvantaged. Limitations Only English-language items were included, and a meta-analysis could not be performed. Future work Future research co-producing and evaluating care in this area is planned. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018108988. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 10, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Hereld, Diana Christine. "Music as a Regulator of Emotion: Three Case Studies." Music and Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v11i3.644.
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This study explores music in the reduction of negative affect and emotion. Focusing on musical behavior in emotion regulation as it relates to trauma, this study investigates three questions: How do conscientious music listening practices impact the regulation of affect and self-harming impulses in individuals who experience trauma, mental illness, or self-destructive behavior? What aspects of musical intensity help alleviate anger, pain, sadness, despair, hopelessness, or suicidal ideation? How do participants use varied listening strategies to regulate and modulate negative affect and emotions?Three case studies of two American females and one male aged 18-26 with history of a diagnosis of general anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder, prior self-harm or suicidality, complex trauma, and PTSD are presented using a combined ethnographic approach, including survey administration, interviews, and phenomenological exploration. Through the review and thematic analysis of behavior in response to musical interaction both during and following traumatic life events, this study shows music is a successful tool for modulating overwhelming negative emotion, fostering hope and resilience, and circumventing self-destructive impulses. These results reveal potential for future research investigating the role of musical affect-regulation in both trauma recovery and reducing self-destructive behavior.
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Sadaf, Tahira, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal, Fariha Jamil, Muhammad Haseeb Raza, and Adnan Nazir. "Cost of Mental Illness and Depression in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan." Journal of Education and Social Studies 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jess.20223204.
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Depression causes a substantial burden to persons, their beloved ones, and the nations as a whole. Major depression results in disability, high morbidity, high mortality, suicides, physical and mental impairment, and deteriorates the quality of life in a society. Depression is common in developing countries like Pakistan. This study analyzes the economic burden of depression and depressive disorders in Pakistan. The study was conducted in Pakistan’s third largest city, Faisalabad. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. As a first step, hospitals were selected from both the public and private sectors. In step two, respondents were selected and interviewed using a well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Review of literature reveals that the largest share of the burden of depression and depressive disorders is in the form of indirect cost. Direct healthcare cost is mostly in the form of outpatient care, doctor fee, and medicine bills, etc. This study, therefore, estimated both types of costs using cost of illness (COI) analysis. In order to find out the level of depression in patients, the center of epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale was used. Then the direct and indirect cost of depression was estimated. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of health cost, including the level of depression. The direct and indirect costs of depression were 11,108 Pakistani Rupees (PKR) and 4,869 PKR per month, respectively. Results of regression analysis revealed that besides the level of depression, monthly income, age, education, and the number of visits to a doctor’s clinic determine health cost, positively and statistically significant. Additionally, the occurrence of depression and anxiety was evident in adults more than other age groups. Females were suffering from this disorder comparatively more than male respondents. The economic burden related to depression is considerable, especially for those who belong to low-income group. Government should provide facilities for treatment for depression in public hospitals by keeping a special focus on less privileged groups of the population.
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Andreas, Sylke, Jörg Dirmaier, Timo Harfst, Stephan Kawski, Uwe Koch, and Holger Schulz. "Development and evaluation of a case group concept for inpatients with mental disorders in Germany: Using self-report and expert-rated instruments." European Psychiatry 24, no. 2 (March 2009): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.07.004.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a case-mix system to classify inpatients with mental disorders in Germany by means of self-report and expert-rated instruments. The use of case-mix systems enhances the transparency of performance and cost structure and can thus improve the quality of mental health care. We analysed a consecutive sample of 1677 inpatients with mental disorders from 11 hospitals using regression tree analysis. The model assigns patients to 17 groups, accounting for 17% of the variance for duration of stay. Patients with eating disorders had a longer duration of stay than patients with anxiety disorder, duration of mental illness of less than 3–5 years, lower levels of interpersonal problems and higher occupational position. The results showed that besides diagnosis, variables such as duration of illness and interpersonal problems are important for classifying inpatients with mental disorders. The results of the study should be critically reviewed regarding the empirical results of other studies and the appropriateness of case group concepts for inpatients with mental disorders.
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DUBERSTEIN, P. R., Y. CONWELL, K. R. CONNER, S. EBERLY, and E. D. CAINE. "Suicide at 50 years of age and older: perceived physical illness, family discord and financial strain." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008584.
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Background. Mental disorders amplify suicide risk across the lifecourse, but most people with mental disorder do not take their own lives. Few controlled studies have examined the contribution of stressors to suicide risk.Method. A case–control design was used to compare 86 suicides and 86 controls aged 50 years and older, matched on age, gender, race and county of residence. Structured interviews were conducted with proxy respondents for suicides and controls.Results. Perceived physical illness, family discord and employment change amplified suicide risk after controlling for sociodemographic covariates and mental disorders that developed [ges ]1 year prior to death/interview. Only the effect of physical illness (OR 6·24, 95% CI 1·28–51·284) persisted after controlling for all active mental disorders.Conclusions. Interventions to decrease the likelihood of financial stress and to help families manage discord and severe physical illness may effectively reduce suicides among middle-aged and older adults.