Journal articles on the topic 'Mental illness – Risk factors'
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Anonymous. "Examining the risk factors for mental illness." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 36, no. 7 (July 1998): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19980701-04.
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Davidson, Sandra, Fiona Judd, Damien Jolley, Barbara Hocking, Sandra Thompson, and Brendan Hyland. "Cardiovascular Risk Factors for People with Mental Illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00877.x.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people with chronic mental illness. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 234 outpatients attending a community mental health clinic in the North-western Health Care Network in Melbourne, Australia. Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, salt intake, exercise and history of hypercholesterolemia was assessed. Results: Compared with a community sample, the mentally ill had a higher prevalence of smoking, overweight and obesity, lack of moderate exercise, harmful levels of alcohol consumption and salt intake. No differences were found on hypertension. Men, but not women, with mental illness were less likely to undertake cholesterol screening. Conclusions: Psychiatric outpatients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors which may account for the higher rate of cardiovascular mortality among the mentally ill. Further research is needed to trial and evaluate interventions to effectively modify risk factors in this vulnerable population.
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Knox, Michael D., Timothy L. Boaz, Martha A. Friedrich, and Michael G. Dow. "HIV Risk Factors for Persons with Serious Mental Illness." AIDS Patient Care 9, no. 4 (August 1995): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1995.9.192.
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Fulwileru, Carl, and Robin Ruthazer. "Premorbid risk factors for violence in adult mental illness." Comprehensive Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (March 1999): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90112-8.
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Knox, Michael D., Timothy L. Boaz, Martha A. Friedrich, and Michael G. Dow. "HIV risk factors for persons with serious mental illness." Community Mental Health Journal 30, no. 6 (December 1994): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02188592.
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Matejkowski, Jason, Jeffrey Draine, Phyllis Solomon, and Mark S. Salzer. "Mental Illness, Criminal Risk Factors and Parole Release Decisions." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 29, no. 4 (July 2011): 528–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.991.
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Muirhead, Lisa. "Cancer Risk Factors Among Adults with Serious Mental Illness." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 46, no. 3 (March 2014): S98—S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.028.
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Patel, Vikram, Betty R. Kirkwood, Sulochana Pednekar, Helen Weiss, and David Mabey. "Risk factors for common mental disorders in women." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 6 (December 2006): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022558.
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BackgroundThe determinants of common mental disorders in women have not been described in longitudinal studies from a low-income country.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of 2494 women aged 18 to 50 years, in India. The Revised Clinical Interview Schedule was used for the detection of common mental disorders.ResultsThere were 39 incident cases of common mental disorder in 2166 participants eligible for analysis (12-month rate 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3–2.4%). The following baseline factors were independently associated with the risk for common mental disorder: poverty (low income and having difficulty making ends meet); being married as compared with being single; use of tobacco; experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge; reporting a chronic physical illness; and having higher psychological symptom scores at baseline.ConclusionsProgrammes to reduce the burden of common mental disorder in women should target poorer women, women with chronic physical illness and who have gynaecological symptoms, and women who use tobacco.
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Newcomer, John W. "Introduction:Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Mental Illness." CNS Spectrums 13, S10 (June 2008): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900003084.
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According to the National Comorbidity Study Replication, >25% of people in the United States have some type of mental illness. The prevalence of serious mental illness has been estimated at 6.2%. Patients with severe and persistent mental illness have significantly reduced life expectancy relative to the general population. On average, pooled populations of public sector inpatients and outpatients die 25–30 years earlier than unaffected individuals in the general population, according to recent data from multiple states in the US. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder together account for ∼23,000 deaths and >20 million life-years of disability worldwide each year. The most common cause of mortality in these individuals is cardiovascular disease (CVD), not, as might be assumed, suicide (Figure 1). Heart disease and stroke are the most common causes of death in patients with serious mental illness, accounting for ∼40% of deaths, underlying the dramatically decreased life expectancy in these patients.
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Furber, Gareth, Matthew Leach, Sophie Guy, and Leonie Segal. "Developing a broad categorisation scheme to describe risk factors for mental illness, for use in prevention policy and planning." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416642844.
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Objectives: The prevention of mental illness involves identifying and modifying those characteristics and exposures of an individual that threaten their mental health – commonly referred to as risk factors. Existing categorisations of risk factors for mental illness are either limited in their scope or oversimplified in their description. As part of a large mental health workforce and service planning project, we set out to develop a more detailed and comprehensive categorisation scheme to describe risk factors for mental illness. Methods: We conducted a rapid review of MEDLINE and Google Scholar for meta-analytic studies that examined the characteristics and exposures that typify the population with mental illness in order to identify and categorise potential risk factors. Results: The search uncovered 1628 relevant studies, from which 10 primary and 23 secondary categories of risk factors were identified, ranging from genetic and biomedical to psychological and sociocultural. The review revealed interesting distortions in the focus of the literature, with the majority of studies focused on a few disorders (schizophrenia, depression and neurodegenerative disorders) and genetic, psychological and physiological risks. In contrast, environmental (e.g. media exposure) and occupational (e.g. employee health) were under-represented. Conclusion: The categorisation scheme developed in this paper is a step towards a more detailed taxonomy of risk factors for mental illness; this will be most useful in guiding clinicians, researchers and policy-makers in driving the prevention agenda forward.
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Guy, Sophie, Gareth Furber, Matthew Leach, and Leonie Segal. "How many children in Australia are at risk of adult mental illness?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 12 (July 11, 2016): 1146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416640098.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence of children in the Australian population with risk factors for adult mental illness. Method: Key risk factors and risk domains were identified from a 2013 review of longitudinal studies on child and adolescent determinants of adult mental illness. Data items were identified from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children that map onto the risk domains and were used to estimate the prevalence of these key individual risk factors and the magnitude of multiple risk in children aged 3 months to 13 years. Results: Even by infancy, risk factors for adult mental illness are highly prevalent, with 51.7% of infants having multiple risks. In 10 infants, 1 was born to mothers who consumed daily alcohol and 1 in 8 to mothers who smoked cigarettes daily during pregnancy. Also, 10.5% of infants were in families where the parents had separated, which increased to 18% in 10–11 year-olds. Psychological problems in the clinical range (based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total problems score) ranged from 7.8% to 9.7% across the 4–13 years age range. Risks from negative parenting behaviours were highly prevalent across age groups. Two-thirds of children aged 12–13 years had parents who displayed low warmth or exhibited high hostility/anger. Across childhood, one in seven children are in families exposed to 3+ major life stressors. By age 8–9 years, more than 18% of children are exposed to ⩾5 risk factors. Conclusions: We find that modifiable risk factors for adult mental illness occur at the earliest stage in the life course and at greater prevalence than is commonly recognised. Considerable capacity will be required in child and adolescent mental health services and complementary family support programmes if risk factors for adult mental illness that are already apparent in infancy and childhood are to be addressed.
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F. N. Mthoko, Ndahambelela, Lilian Pazvakawambwa, Marja Leonhardt, and Lars Lien. "Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people with mental illness in Namibia." Ghana Medical Journal 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v56i4.7.
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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with mental illness attending the Mental Health Care Centre, Windhoek, NamibiaDesign: Observational, cross-sectional study.Setting: Mental health Care Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital. NamibiaParticipants: Adult patients with a mental illness attending the Mental Health Care Centre, Windhoek.Data collection: Within a systematic random sampling method, 385 adult patients with mental illness were recruited between May and December 2017.Statistical analysis: Validated assessment tools were used. Descriptive summary statistics and Chi-squared tests of association were conducted.Results: One-third (31.7%) of participants used alcohol, 21% used nicotine, 21.3% had hypertension, 55% were over-weight or obese, 59.2% of females and 11.5% of males had abdominal obesity. About twenty per cent (19.9%) of participants did meet the World Health Organisation recommended level of activity, while more than two-thirds of participants did not participate in moderate or vigorous physical activities. The patient’s psychiatric condition was significantly associated with alcohol use (Chi-square=20.450, p=0.002) and physical activity (Chi-square=20.989, p=0.002). The psychiatric condition was not associated with the waist circumference and gender of the participant.Conclusions: The increased prevalence of CVD risk factors in people with mental illness calls for mental health practitioners to screen, monitor and manage these risk factors regularly. Systematically screening and monitoring for cardiovascular risk factors is likely to contribute to National targets and significantly impact cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with mental illness.
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Sivakumar, Jayanth, Saba Ahmed, Lina Begdache, Swati Jain, and Daehan Won. "Prediction of Mental Illness in Heart Disease Patients: Association of Comorbidities, Dietary Supplements, and Antibiotics as Risk Factors." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040214.
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Comorbidities, dietary supplement use, and prescription drug use may negatively (or positively) affect mental health in cardiovascular patients. Although the significance of mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, on cardiovascular disease is well documented, mental illnesses resulting from heart disease are not well studied. In this paper, we introduce the risk factors of mental illnesses as an exploratory study and develop a prediction framework for mental illness that uses comorbidities, dietary supplements, and drug usage in heart disease patients. Particularly, the data used in this study consist of the records of 68,647 patients with heart disease, including the patient’s mental illness information and the patient’s intake of dietary supplements, antibiotics, and comorbidities. Patients in age groups <61, gender differences, and drug intakes, such as Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Vitamin B6, and Coenzyme Q10, were associated with mental illness. For predictive modeling, we consider applying various state-of-the-art machine learning techniques with tuned parameters and finally obtain the following: Depression: 78.01% accuracy, 79.13% sensitivity, 72.65% specificity, and 86.26% Area Under the Curve (AUC). Anxiety: 82.93% accuracy, 82.86% sensitivity, 83.35% specificity, and 88.45% AUC. Schizophrenia: 87.59% accuracy, 87.70% sensitivity, 85.14% specificity, and 92.73% AUC. Disease: 86.63% accuracy, 95.50% sensitivity, 77.76% specificity, and 91.59% AUC. From the results, we conclude that using heart disease information, comorbidities, dietary supplement use, and antibiotics enables us to accurately predict the mental health outcome.
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Morgan, Robert D., Faith Scanlon, and Stephanie A. Van Horn. "Criminogenic risk and mental health: a complicated relationship." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285291900141x.
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The relationship between criminogenic risk and mental illness in justice involved persons with mental illness is complex and poorly understood by clinicians, researchers, administrators, and policy makers alike. Historically, when providing services to justice involved persons with mental illness, clinicians have emphasized mental health recovery (eg, psychiatric rehabilitation) at the exclusion of treatments targeted at criminogenic risk. More recently, however, researchers have demonstrated with great clarity that criminogenic risk not only contributes but is likely the leading factor in the criminal behavior committed by persons with mental illness. Yet, we still do not know the nature of this criminogenic-mental illness relationship, how this relationship impacts treatment needs, and of ultimate concern, what this relationship means in terms of individual and societal outcomes. In this paper we briefly define criminogenic risk and the research that demonstrates the role of criminogenic risk in criminal justice involvement of persons with mental illness. We also review prevalence rates of persons with mental illness justice involvement, and then discuss important factors to be considered when assessing risk to include both criminogenic and mental illness risk. We conclude this paper by reviewing treatment and management strategies for persons with mental illness that are criminal justice involved particularly reviewing and building off the recommendations put forth by Bartholomew & Morgan.
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Loureiro, Adriana, Cláudia Costa, Ricardo Almendra, Ângela Freitas, and Paula Santana. "The socio-spatial context as a risk factor for hospitalization due to mental illness in the metropolitan areas of Portugal." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, suppl 1 (November 2015): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00090514.
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Abstract This study’s aims are: (i) identifying spatial patterns for the risk of hospitalization due to mental illness and for the potential risk resulting from contextual factors with influence on mental health; and (ii) analyzing the spatial association between risk of hospitalization due to mental illness and potential risk resulting from contextual factors in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, Portugal. A cross-sectional ecological study was conducted by applying statistical methods for assessing spatial dependency and heterogeneity. Results reveal a spatial association between risk of hospitalization due to mental illness and potential risk resulting from contextual factors with a statistical relevance of moderate intensity. 20% of the population under study lives in areas with a simultaneously high potential risk resulting from contextual factors and risk of hospitalization due to mental illness. Porto Metropolitan Area show the highest percentage of population living in parishes with a significantly high risk of hospitalization due to mental health, which puts forward the need for interventions on territory-adjusted contextual factors influencing mental health.
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Holden, K. B., N. D. Hernandez, G. L. Wrenn, and A. S. Belton. "Resilience: Protective Factors for Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among African American Women?" Health, Culture and Society 9 (December 8, 2017): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2017.222.
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There is a great need to carefully examine issues that may elevate one’s risk for mental illness and develop strategies to mitigate risk and cultivate resilience. African Americans, specifically African American women (AAW), are disproportionately affected by mental illness, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Higher rates of PTSD among AAW may be explained by significant rates of trauma exposure. Higher resiliency in individuals with mental illnesses is associated with better treatment response/outcomes. An examination of two (2) promising psycho-educational curricula for AAW at risk for depression and PTSD supports consideration of resilience as a protective factor among this population. Strengthening psychological resilience among diverse AAW at risk for depression and/or PTSD may serve as a protective factor for symptom severity. Multidimensional prevention and intervention strategies should incorporate culturally-centered, gender-specific, and strengths-based (resilience) models of care to help encourage mental health help-seeking and promotion of wellness for AAW.
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Sameroff, Arnold J. "Environmental Risk Factors in Infancy." Pediatrics 102, Supplement_E1 (November 1, 1998): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.se1.1287.
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Environment plays an important role in shaping development from the newborn period through adolescence. Many individual environmental risk factors may impinge on development (poverty, mental illness, minority status, and many others), but the most detrimental effects are caused when multiple risk factors act on a single infant. These effects were revealed by the Rochester Longitudinal Study, an ongoing comprehensive investigation of environmental risk factors, summa rized in this article.
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Rani, Akanksha, Janaki Raman, Sojan Antony, Ammapattian Thirumoorthy, Ammapattian Thirumoorthy, and Chethan Basavarajappa. "Abuse Experienced by Persons with Severe Mental Illness." Social Science Protocols 3 (June 21, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2020.2813.
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Background: Abuse among person with severe mental illness is a serious public health concern and over the several decades researchers have focused on violence perpetrated by person with mental illness giving little consideration to the fact that severity and chronicity of mental disorder makes a person susceptible to all kinds of abuse. The current study attempts to identify three types of abuse-physical, sexual and psychological by using socio-ecological framework which takes into consideration individual, family and socio-cultural factors which acts as a risk or protective factors against abuse.
Methods/Design: The study will screen severity of mental illness and abuse among men and women by using standardized screening tools. The first phase of the study focuses on developing risk and protective factors checklist through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions. The second phase of the study is identifying risk and protective factors of abuse by administering the checklist on 257 persons with severe mental illness. Qualitative data will be analyzed by using thematic analysis and quantitative data will be analyzed by testing for normality and accordingly using parametric and non-parametric test. Logistic regression model will be used to identify risk and protective factors for the abuse.
Discussion: This study would help to understand abuse from ecological perspective and develop a framework for risk management by capitalizing on what people know, what they can do, where they can go and how they can utilize indigenous resources to buffer the effect of abuse.
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Wieck, A. "What have we Learnt from the UK Triannual Case Reviews about the Role of Parental Mental Illness in Serious Abuse Related Harm of Young Children?" European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.94.
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Up to one in four young children have been estimated to be exposed to parental mental illness. Although the majority of affected parents will not harm their children, is is now well established that parental mental illness places children at an increased risk of all types of injury. Both maternal and paternal mental illness are implicated. Children of parents with mental illness are at the greatest excess risk of being injured in their first year of life, and this applies particularly to violence related harm. Within the first year, the risk is highest during the first three months after birth. A number of parental and family background factors have been identified in the UK triannual serious case reviews of abuse related harm to children and in other publications that can increase or decrease the risk. These findings have significant implications for clinical practice. In order to mitigate the risks to young children, an early assessment of a parent with a mental illlness, close collaboration between mental health, social care and other involved professionals, and a comprehensive care package which aims to improve parental mental health health, reduce other risk factors and exploit parental strengths and protective social factors, are essential. Mental health professionals have an important role to play in achieving improved outcomes for children at risk and their families. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Rowland, Tobias A., and Steven Marwaha. "Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder." Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 8, no. 9 (April 26, 2018): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045125318769235.
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Bipolar disorder is a multifactorial illness with uncertain aetiology. Knowledge of potential risk factors enables clinicians to identify patients who are more likely to develop bipolar disorder, which directs further investigation, follow up and caution when prescribing. Ideally, identifying directly causative factors for bipolar disorder would enable intervention on an individual or population level to prevent the development of the illness, and improve outcomes through earlier treatment. This article reviews the epidemiology of bipolar disorder, along with putative demographic, genetic and environmental risk factors, while assessing the strength of these associations and to what extent they might be said to be ‘causative’. While numerous genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified, the attributable risk of individual factors is often small, and most are not specific to bipolar disorder but are associated with several mental illnesses. Therefore, while some genetic and environmental factors have strong evidence supporting their association with bipolar disorder, fewer have sufficient evidence to establish causality. There is increasing interest in the role of specific gene–environment interactions, as well as the mechanisms by which risk factors interact to lead to bipolar disorder.
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Fernández Guijarro, Sara, Carolina Miguel García, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Elena Nunilón Egea López, Maria Dolors Burjales Martí, and Maria Assumpta Rigol Cuadra. "Metabolic Syndrome Screening in People With Severe Mental Illness: Results From Two Spanish Community Mental Health Centers." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319826686.
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BACKGROUND: The excess of mortality in people with severe mental illness is due to unnatural causes such as accidents or suicides and natural causes such as metabolic syndrome. The presence of modifiable risk factors like tobacco consumption increases cardiovascular and metabolic risk. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors in people with severe mental illness. This study also aimed to identify the prevalence of patients receiving treatment for any metabolic syndrome risk factor. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A total of 125 participants from two community mental health centers in Spain were recruited. RESULTS: More than half of the participants (58.4%) were active smokers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 60%. A total of 16.8% received previous treatment for hypertension, 17.6% for hypertriglyceridemia, and 11.2% for diabetes. No differences were found between centers (22.7% vs. 18.7%, p = .9). CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of monitoring the physical health of patients on antipsychotic therapy. The identification and management of cardiovascular and metabolic risks factors is an essential part of nursing care for people with severe mental illness. Mental health nurses are ideally positioned to carry out this task by performing physical health screening, health education, and lifestyle interventions.
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Bhavsar, Vishal, and Dinesh Bhugra. "Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 72, no. 11 (September 4, 2018): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12775.
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McGrath, John J. "The John Cade Fellowship: Modifiable risk factors for serious mental illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867413515059.
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de Mooij, Liselotte D., Martijn Kikkert, Nick M. Lommerse, Jaap Peen, Sabine C. Meijwaard, Jan Theunissen, Pim W. R. A. Duurkoop, et al. "Victimisation in adults with severe mental illness: Prevalence and risk factors." British Journal of Psychiatry 207, no. 6 (December 2015): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143370.
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BackgroundPatients with a severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to experience victimisation than the general population.AimsTo examine the prevalence of victimisation in people with SMI, and the relationship between symptoms, treatment facility and indices of substance use/misuse and perpetration, in comparison with the general population.MethodVictimisation was assessed among both randomly selected patients with SMI (n = 216) and the general population (n=10 865).ResultsCompared with the general population, a high prevalence of violent victimisation was found among the SMI group (22.7% v. 8.5%). Compared with out-patients and patients in a sheltered housing facility, in-patients were most often victimised (violent crimes: 35.3%; property crimes: 47.1%). Risk factors among the SMI group for violent victimisation included young age and disorganisation, and risk factors for property crimes included being an in-patient, disorganisation and cannabis use. The SMI group were most often assaulted by someone they knew.ConclusionsCaregivers should be aware that patients with SMI are at risk of violent victimisation. Interventions need to be developed to reduce this vulnerability.
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Terry, Jenna. "The Antenatal Risk Questionnaire: Identifying mothers at risk of developing perinatal mental illness." Journal of Health Visiting 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2023.11.1.32.
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Perinatal mental illness (PMI) often goes undiagnosed and untreated. Early identification of risk factors can help women receive timely intervention to reduce associated child and maternal comorbidities. This article considers the use of a validated screening tool to identify maternal risk factors of developing PMI. An analysis of a perinatal mental health policy, literature review and project implementation plan were carried out to explore current gaps in the research. Validated perinatal mental health risk assessment screening tools are being used across the world but not in the UK. It is concluded that the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire should be recommended for health visiting practice to promote early identification of PMI and intervention, which can improve outcomes for families.
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Zimmermann Tansella, C. "Psychosocial factors and chronic illness in childhood." European Psychiatry 10, no. 6 (1995): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80311-7.
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SummaryChronic illness in a child requires successful organisational and emotional adjustment of the child and the family. The way in which the child and the family adapt to the illness will affect their psychological well-being and their quality of life. This review summarizes recent research findings on the relationship between illness factors, individual and family functioning, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment. The findings are presented within the framework of three complementary theoretical models: the family developmental approach; the psychosocial typology of illnesses; and the process model of stress and coping. These models are useful for a better understanding of the complex interactions between illness, family and coping and offer to the professionals engaged in the care of chronically sick children, guidelines for assessment and the development of intervention programs. The review starts with examining the impact of chronic illness on the psychosocial adjustment of the sick child, his/her siblings and parents. Then psychosocial Stressors and risk factors in terms of illness and family related characteristics are discussed. Coping resources and strategies are presented which have been shown to be related to child and parental adjustment; and finally, successful intervention programs are described.
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Ibrahim, Izleen, Nurul Hidayah Mansor, and Jasmani Bidin. "Factors Affecting Mental Illness and Social Stress in Students Using Fuzzy TOPSIS." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v7i2.294.
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A disorder known as mental illness alters a person’s emotions, thoughts, or behaviour. Any of these elements alone or in combination may cause it. If stress cannot be managed, people of all ages, races, religions, sexes, and nationalities can develop mental illnesses. The development of mental diseases is significantly influenced by stress. Risk factors for mental illness and social stress include academic stress, socioeconomic position, and financial difficulties. All of these risk variables are challenging to pinpoint because they come from many environments. The purpose of this study is to identify the key aspects that students experience that contribute to mental illness and social stress, as well as to rank those factors by using Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This study ranks social life, academic life, and financial status as the three factors that have the greatest influence on mental illness and social stress among college students. The following evaluation criteria are used to grade the components: family background, educational attainment, physical health, and mode of study. Additionally, Fuzzy TOPSIS is used to rank the variables according to correlation. The issues in this study are evaluated by three decision-makers using linguistic characteristics ranging from “very affected†to “not affectedâ€. With a proximity value of 0.469, the research demonstrates that academic life has a significant impact on student’s mental health and social stress. With a closeness coefficient of 0.358, social life is the least significant factor. The results of this study may be useful to many people, including parents, counsellors, and the kids themselves. The project’s scope could be expanded in the future by adding a range of criteria and options.
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Ashwini, G. S., Naveen Ramesh, C. J. Navya, J. Joy, A. Thomas, and S. Jyoti. "Mental health status of workers in selected tea estates, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 5, no. 2 (August 6, 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v5i2.13035.
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Introduction: The prevalence of mental illnesses among industrial workers ranged between 14% - 51%, which is more than that of the general population. Individual’s psychosocial functioning has an impact on the work efficiency and hence the current study was undertaken to screen workers in tea plantations.Objective: To document the prevalence of probable mental illness and its associated factors among workers in selected tea estates in South India.Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in two tea estates in Tamil Nadu from March to May 2012. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 28 was used to screen for mental health status. Socio-demographic details, work profile and associated risk factors were also documented.Results: Among the 400 subjects interviewed, 75.5% were females. The mean age was 43.21 (±7.47) years and the mean work experience was 21.38 (±9.31) years. In this study 12.8% subjects screened positive for probable mental illness and 1%, 1%, 0.2% and 1.5% screened positive for the domains of somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression respectively. Workers who screened positive for probable mental illness had availed significantly greater duration of leave in the previous year. There was no significant association of mental illness with age, gender, marital status, substance abuse, designation, co-morbidity and stressful life events.Conclusion: The prevalence of probable mental illness was similar to other occupational settings. Management of the associated risk factors may improve one’s work efficiency and productivity.
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Magdalena, Hankus, Kazek Beata, Paprocka Justyna, Kapinos-Gorczyca Agnieszka, Magdalena Szczepara-Fabian, Agata Buczek, and Emich-Widera Ewa. "Preconception Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Pilot Study." Brain Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050293.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial etiology. Preconception risk factors are still poorly understood. A survey on preconception risk factors for ASD was conducted among parents of 121 ASD patients aged 3–12 years and parents of 100 healthy children aged 3–12 years. The exclusion criteria were as follows: the presence of associated problems such as intellectual disability, epilepsy or other genetic and neurological diseases. Thirteen parameters were considered, a few among which were conception problems, conception with assisted reproductive techniques, the use and duration of oral contraception, the number of previous pregnancies and miscarriages, time since the previous pregnancy (in months), the history of mental illness in the family (including ASD), other chronic diseases in the mother or father and maternal and paternal treatment in specialist outpatient clinics. Three factors statistically significantly increased the risk of developing ASD: mental illness in the mother/mother’s family (35.54% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.0002), maternal thyroid disease (16.67% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.009) and maternal oral contraception (46.28% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.01). Children of mothers with thyroid disorders or with mental illness in relatives should be closely monitored for ASD. Further studies are warranted to assess a potential effect of oral contraception on the development of offspring.
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Rasheduzzaman, M., Firoj al-Mamun, Ismail Hosen, Tahmina Akter, Moazzem Hossain, Mark D. Griffiths, and Mohammed A. Mamun. "Suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi university students: Prevalence and risk factors." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): e0262006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262006.
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Background Bangladeshi university students are considered to be highly suicide-prone compared to other populations and cohorts. However, no prior epidemiological studies have assessed the suicidality (i.e., past-year suicidal ideation [SI], lifetime suicide plan [SP], and lifetime suicide attempt [SA]) among Bangladeshi students, including the variables such as past-year stressful life events and family mental health history. This is arguably a major knowledge gap in the country. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors for suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing a convenience sampling method among a total of 1844 university students between October and November 2019. Data were collected based on the information related to socio-demographics, perceived health-related questions, past-year stressful life events, family mental health history, and suicidal behaviors (i.e., SI, SP, and SA). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data utilizing SPSS statistical software. Results The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide plans, and suicide attempts were 13.4%, 6.0%, and 4.4%, respectively. Females reported significantly higher suicidal behavior than males (i.e., 20.6% vs.10.2% SI; 9% vs. 4.6% SP; and 6.4% vs.3.6% SA). Risk factors for SI were being female, year of academic study, residing in an urban area, using psychoactive substances, experiencing both past year physical and mental illness, experiencing any type of stressful past-year life events, experiencing campus ragging (i.e., senior students abusing, humiliating and/or harassing freshers or more junior students), experiencing family mental illness history, and having family suicide attempt history. SP was associated with several factors including being female, year of academic study, using psychoactive substance, experiencing both past-year physical and mental illness, and experiencing any type of stressful past-year life events. Risk factors for SA were being female, year of academic study, using psychoactive substances, experiencing past-year mental illness, experiencing any type of stressful past-year life events, and having family suicide attempt history. Conclusions University students appear to be a vulnerable group for experiencing suicidal behaviors. The present findings warrant rigorous action and early intervention programs such as counseling and other mental health professional services by university authorities. Longitudinal studies are highly recommended involving countrywide representative samples.
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Gerada, Clare. "Doctors, suicide and mental illness." BJPsych Bulletin 42, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2018.11.
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This article focuses on doctors and suicide. It provides real examples to illustrate why doctors die by their own hand. These reasons are replicated in the general population, but also include a host of additional risk factors related to being a doctor. In each case, information about the doctor is in the public domain or, as in one case, consent from the next of kin has been obtained for a detail not in the public domain. The author is a doctors' doctor, heading up a confidential health service for doctors with mental illness or addiction, the National Health Service Practitioner Health Programme. Mortality data from the programme (January 2008–January 2017) will also be included. For the sake of confidentiality, data is collated and details regarding age and gender have been approximated.Declaration of interestNone.
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Kolba, Natalie, Anne Laurie W. Shroyer, and Thomas Bilfinger. "281 A Knowledge Chasm: Preoperative Mental Illness Impact on New Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (April 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.153.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To date, no reviews have been published combining the topics of pre-operative mental illness and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). For adult cardiac surgical procedures, therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of the published evidence for this novel topic. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A combination of MESH terms and text words were used to capture all papers analyzing any risk factors for atrial fibrillation development after any cardiovascular surgery, and thus, 4,203 search results were initially identified. Papers were manually screened for relevance, resulting in 69 articles that analyzed risk factors associated with POAF. As a separate analytical step, all included publications were used to identify additional citations and Web of Science PubMed identification number-based (i.e., PMID) specific backwards citation searches were performed to ensure comprehensive coverage. For each of the three articles analyzed, moreover, these PMIDs were further evaluated using individual google scholar searches to assure no other relevant literature was inadvertently found. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: For the 69 relevant articles found with multivariable risk models predicting new onset POAF during this scoping review, a wide variety of patient risk factors were reported. The statistically significant predictors reported for new POAF included age (57 papers), hypertension (22 papers), tobacco use (15 papers), LVEF-related characteristics (14 papers), COPD (13 papers), and patient gender (13 papers). All other factors were found to be significant 10 times or fewer; importantly, no multivariable models evaluated mental illness-related factors as predictors of new onset POAF. Only 3 articles even considered the potential influence of mental illnesses. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Mentally ill patients have been documented to have increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiac outcomes, however, very few articles evaluated mental illness associations with POAF. This comprehensive review has demonstrated the urgent need for new research focused on mental illness impacts.
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Ugarte, A., P. López, C. Serrulla, M. T. Zabalza, J. G. Torregaray, and A. González-Pinto. "Post-partum depression risk factors in pregnant women." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s279—s280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.750.
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IntroductionPostpartum depression has a prevalence of 15% and has consequences for mother and baby (delayed physical, social and cognitive development). It's essential to prevent the illness with an early identification of Risk Factors (RF).MethodsFive hundred and seventy-two women in 3rd trimester of pregnancy were evaluated and selected those with ≥ 1 RF (n = 290). We re-evaluated in the postpartum with Edinburgh Depression Scale and selected those with subsyndromal depressive symptoms (≥ 7.5) (n = 57). Clinical, demographic and functional data were collected.ResultsA total of 50.7% had RF. A percentage of 48.6 had family history of mental illness (MI), 34.1%had personal history of (MI) and 34.1% had some pregnancy associated illness. Twenty percent had needed some assisted reproductive technique, 14.1% had little family support and 15.2% had little couple support, 3.8% showed anxiety-depressive disorders during pregnancy, 19.7% had depressive symptoms after delivery. The mean age was 33.67. No significant differences between patients with and without RF (T-1858, P 0.064). Among women with RF, 59.6% were married, 35.1% single and 3.0% had other situation. 89.5% live with their own family, 8.8% with their family of origin, 1.8% alone. 50.8% had university studies.ConclusionsAssessing RF during pregnancy can help these women, since we see that the 19.7% will have serious risk of developing postpartum depression. The RF to take more into account are not those related to social-academic development, neither the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms during pregnancy, but the family or personal history of (MI) and the presence of a pregnancy associated illness. Early detection and treatment may prevent the development of this disease improving the quality of life of mother and babies’ development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gilleard, C. "Risk factors for coronary heart disease in people with severe mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 3 (September 2006): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.189.3.285b.
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Zhou, Xiaobo, Lin Kang, Xueli Sun, Hui Song, Wenjun Mao, Xuanyin Huang, Yinghui Zhang, and Jing Li. "Risk factors of mental illness among adult survivors after the Wenchuan earthquake." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 48, no. 6 (October 4, 2012): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0596-4.
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De Hert, M. "Physical health problems in serious mental illness — Possible solutions." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73852-4.
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Metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in people with SMI. Patients are at risk for premature mortality and the mortality gap with the general population has increased over recent decades. In part these cardio-metabolic risk factors are attributable to unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet, high rates of smoking, alcohol/substance use/abuse and sedentary behaviour. But over recent years it has become apparent that antipsychotic agents and other psychotropic agents can have a negative impact on some of the modifiable risk factors. Also other somatic co-morbid disorders are also linked to antipsychotic treatment such as the consequences of hyperprolactinaemia, QTc-prolongation and constipation. Other somatic disorders such as poor dental care, HIV and other infectious diseases and some forms of cancer are also more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. People with SMI also have limited access to effective screening and somatic care. The psychiatrist needs to be aware of the potential somatic side-effects of antipsychotic medication and to include them in the risk/benefit assessment when choosing a specific antipsychotic. He should also be responsible for the implementation of the necessary screening assessments and referral for treatment of any physical illness. Multidisciplinary assessment of psychiatric and medical conditions is needed. The somatic treatments offered to people with severe and enduring mental illness should be at par with general health care in the non-psychiatrically ill population.
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Mick, Nsabimana, and Nishimwe Emery. "Factors associated with the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses in patients seen at the Kamenge neuropsychiatric center." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223531.
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Background: The prevalence of mental illness is increasing worldwide. In low-income countries, health care systems are not able to meet mental health needs. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with psychiatric illness at the Kamenge neuropsychiatric center.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the neuropsychiatric center on patients aged 10 years or older who were seen in medical consultations.Results: The prevalence of psychiatric illness was 63.1% (57.44-68.59); the median age was 30 years (23-39); the sex ratio (M/F) was 1.5. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with psychiatric illness were male gender [adjusted OR= 2.33 (1.23-4.40)], illicit drug use [adjusted OR=7.85 (2.09-29.46)], family history of psychiatric illness [adjusted OR=5.83 (1.8-16, 65)], childhood maltreatment [adjusted OR=5.48 (1.8-16.65)], loss of a dear person [adjusted OR=4.01 (1.54-10.45)], family conflict [adjusted OR=2.67 (1.0-7.09)] as risk factors and urban area [adjusted OR=0.114 (0.05-0.23)] as a protective factor.Conclusions: This study identified factors associated with the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses. The results of this study are useful to guide prevention and promotion strategies in mental health.
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Davidson, Sandra, Fiona Judd, Damien Jolley, Barbara Hocking, Sandra Thompson, and Brendan Hyland. "Risk Factors for HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C Among the Chronic Mentally Ill." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00867.x.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of risk factors for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C among people with chronic mental illness treated in a community setting. Method: 234 patients attending four community mental health clinics in the North-western Health Care Network in Melbourne, Australia, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire which covered demographics, risk behaviour and psychiatric diagnosis. Results: The sample was 58% male, and 79% of the sample had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia. Forty-three per cent of mentally ill men and 51% of mentally ill women in the survey had been sexually active in the 12 months preceding the survey. One-fifth of mentally ill men and 57% of mentally ill women who had sex with casual partners never used condoms. People with mental illness were eight times more likely than the general population to have ever injected illicit drugs and the mentally ill had a lifetime prevalence of sharing needles of 7.4%. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk behaviours among the study group indicate that people with chronic mental illness should be regarded as a high-risk group for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. It is essential that adequate resources and strategies are targeted to the mentally ill as they are for other high-risk groups.
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Dennis, Cindy-Lee, Hilary K. Brown, Sarah Brennenstuhl, Simone Vigod, Ainsley Miller, Rita Amiel Castro, Flavia Casasanta Marini, and Catherine Birken. "Preconception risk factors and health care needs of pregnancy-planning women and men with a lifetime history or current mental illness: A nationwide survey." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): e0270158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270158.
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Objectives While depression and anxiety are common in women and men of reproductive age, preconception interventions to optimize the health of individuals with mental illness before pregnancy is limited and focuses primarily on psychotropic medication management. Comparing individuals with depression, anxiety, and comorbidity to those with neither condition, we identified areas of preconception care optimization related to psychosocial risk factors, general physical health, medication use, and uptake of high-risk health behaviours. We also investigated differences in preconception health care use, attitudes, and knowledge. Method We conducted a nationwide survey of 621 women (n = 529) and men (n = 92) across Canada who were planning a pregnancy within five years, including those with lifetime or current depression (n = 38), anxiety (n = 55), and comorbidity (n = 104) and those without mental illness (n = 413). Individuals with depression, anxiety, and comorbidity were compared to individuals without mental illness using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and education level. Results Individuals with a lifetime or current mental illness were significantly more likely to have several risk factors for suboptimal reproductive and perinatal outcomes, including increased rates of obesity, stress, fatigue, loneliness, number of chronic health conditions, and medication use. Further, they were more likely to have high-risk health behaviours including increased substance use, internet addiction, poorer eating habits, and decreased physical activity. By assessing depression, anxiety, or both separately, we also determined there was variation in risk factors by mental illness type. Conclusion Our nationwide study is one of the first and largest to examine the preconception care needs of women and men with a lifetime or current mental illness who are pregnancy-planning. We found this population has many important reproductive and perinatal risk factors that are modifiable via preconception interventions which could have a significant positive impact on their health trajectories and those of their future children.
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Shah, Jai, Romina Mizrahi, and Kwame McKenzie. "The four dimensions: a model for the social aetiology of psychosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 199, no. 1 (July 2011): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.090449.
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SummaryRecently, there has been increasing focus on prevention of mental illness, early intervention and the promotion of mental health. The social determinants of health and public health approaches are considered key. Early intervention has focused on psychotic disorders but prevention has not. This may in part reflect the fact that public health planners do not have a clear model for how social determinants influence the risk of developing a psychotic illness. Drawing on biological, genetic and epidemiologic evidence regarding the relationship between social risk factors and psychosis, this paper outlines a conceptual framework for understanding how individual and ecological factors contribute and interact to modulate the risk of developing psychotic illness. The framework asserts that there are four dimensions: individual factors; ecological factors; the interaction between individual and ecological factors; and time. It may help those considering interventions to understand the multilevel and multifactorial effects of social factors on the aetiology of psychotic illness, to develop targeted strategies for the prevention of psychotic illness and serve as a template for the assessment of initiatives.
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G. S., Ashwini, Naveen Ramesh, Navya C. J., Jino Joy, Abel Thomas Oommen, and Jyoti Singh. "Probable mental illnesses among tea plantation workers in Anaimalai, Tamil Nadu, South India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171310.
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Background: The prevalence of mental illnesses among industrial workers is found to be 14% - 51%, which is more than that in the general population. Individual’s psychosocial functioning has an impact on the work efficiency. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of probable mental illness and its associated factors among workers in selected tea estates in South India. Methods: A cross sectional study was done in two tea estates in Tamil Nadu from March to May, 2012. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 28 was used to screen for probable mental illness. Sociodemographic details, work profile and associated risk factors were also elicited. Results: Among the 400 subjects interviewed, 75.5% were females. The mean age was 43.21 (±7.47) years and the mean work experience was 21.38 (±9.31) years. In our study 12.8% subjects screened positive for probable mental illness and 1%, 1%, 0.2% and 1.5% screened positive in the domains somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression respectively. Workers who screened positive for probable mental illness had availed significantly greater duration of leave in the previous year. There was no significant association of mental illness with age, gender, marital status, substance abuse, designation, co-morbidity and stressful life events. Conclusions: There is a need to screen individuals in different occupation for probable mental illness and those screened positive need evaluation by a psychiatrist. There is also a need to explore associated factors in order to improve one’s health and work efficiency.
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Li, X. Y., M. R. Phillips, Y. P. Zhang, D. Xu, and G. H. Yang. "Risk factors for suicide in China's youth: a case-control study." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 3 (September 10, 2007): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001407.
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BackgroundSuicide is the most common cause of death among youth in China.MethodA case-control psychological autopsy study in 23 geographically representative disease surveillance points around China collected information from family members and close associates of 114 persons aged 15–24 years who died by suicide (cases) and 91 who died of other injuries (controls).ResultsAmong the 114 suicides 61% were female, 88% lived in rural villages, 70% died by ingesting pesticides (most commonly stored in the home), 24% previously attempted suicide, and 45% met criteria of a mental illness at the time of death. Multivariate logistic regression identified several independent risk factors: severe life events within 2 days before death (OR 31.8, 95% CI 2.6–390.6), presence of any depressive symptoms within 2 weeks of death (OR 21.1, 95% CI 4.6–97.2), low quality of life in the month before death (OR 9.7, 95% CI 2.8–34.1), and acute stress at time of death (moderate: OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.8–11.9; high: OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.2–66.8). A significant interaction between mental illness at time of death and gender indicated that diagnosis was an important predictor of suicide in males (OR 14.0, 95% CI 2.6–76.5) but not in females (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.0–3.6). Prior suicide attempt was related to suicide in the univariate analysis (OR 57.5) but could not be included in the multivariate model because no controls had made prior attempts.ConclusionsSuicide prevention efforts for youth in China must focus on restricting access to pesticides, early recognition and management of depressive symptoms and mental illnesses, improving resiliency, and enhancing quality of life.
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Osborn, David P. J., Irwin Nazareth, and Michael B. King. "Risk for coronary heart disease in people with severe mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 3 (March 2006): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.104.008060.
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BackgroundDespite concern about the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in people with severe mental illness (SMI), there is little systematic research on CHD risk factors in this population.AimsTo compare the main risk factors for CHD in people with and without SMI in primary care, to investigate the role of socio-economic variables, and to examine any association between antipsychotic medication and CHD risk.MethodCross-sectional screening.ResultsIn total, 75 of 182 general practice patients with SMI and 150 of 313 such patients without SMI attended the interview. SMI was associated with: raised 10-year CHD risk scores (OR= 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.1); high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels <l.0 mmol/l (OR=4.0, 95% CI 1.5–10.7); raised cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.2); diabetes mellitus (OR=3.8, 95% CI 1.1–13.3) and smoking (OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.7–3.4). These associations varied significantly with age. Adjustment for unemployment did not fully explain the associations.ConclusionsExcess risk factors for CHD are not wholly accounted for by medication or socio-economic deprivation. There is an urgent need for CHD screening and for relevant interventions for smoking cessation and diabetes, as well as advice on diet and exercise, in patients with SMI.
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De Hert, M., J. M. Dekker, D. Wood, K. G. Kahl, R. I. G. Holt, and H. J. Möller. "Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)." European Psychiatry 24, no. 6 (September 2009): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.01.005.
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AbstractPeople with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depression or bipolar disorder, have worse physical health and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. The excess cardiovascular mortality associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is attributed in part to an increased risk of the modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors; obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Antipsychotic medication and possibly other psychotropic medication like antidepressants can induce weight gain or worsen other metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. Patients may have limited access to general healthcare with less opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening and prevention than would be expected in a non-psychiatric population. The European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published this statement with the aim of improving the care of patients suffering from severe mental illness. The intention is to initiate cooperation and shared care between the different healthcare professionals and to increase the awareness of psychiatrists and primary care physicians caring for patients with severe mental illness to screen and treat cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes.
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Reardon, David C. "The abortion and mental health controversy: A comprehensive literature review of common ground agreements, disagreements, actionable recommendations, and research opportunities." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 2018): 205031211880762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118807624.
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The abortion and mental health controversy is driven by two different perspectives regarding how best to interpret accepted facts. When interpreting the data, abortion and mental health proponents are inclined to emphasize risks associated with abortion, whereas abortion and mental health minimalists emphasize pre-existing risk factors as the primary explanation for the correlations with more negative outcomes. Still, both sides agree that (a) abortion is consistently associated with elevated rates of mental illness compared to women without a history of abortion; (b) the abortion experience directly contributes to mental health problems for at least some women; (c) there are risk factors, such as pre-existing mental illness, that identify women at greatest risk of mental health problems after an abortion; and (d) it is impossible to conduct research in this field in a manner that can definitively identify the extent to which any mental illnesses following abortion can be reliably attributed to abortion in and of itself. The areas of disagreement, which are more nuanced, are addressed at length. Obstacles in the way of research and further consensus include (a) multiple pathways for abortion and mental health risks, (b) concurrent positive and negative reactions, (c) indeterminate time frames and degrees of reactions, (d) poorly defined terms, (e) multiple factors of causation, and (f) inherent preconceptions based on ideology and disproportionate exposure to different types of women. Recommendations for collaboration include (a) mixed research teams, (b) co-design of national longitudinal prospective studies accessible to any researcher, (c) better adherence to data sharing and re-analysis standards, and (d) attention to a broader list of research questions.
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Bhugra, D. "EPA Guidance on Prevention of Mental Illness and Promotion of Mental Health." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73902-5.
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Prevention of mental illness and promotion of mental health are a significant component of any clinician's clinical work load. However, often this aspect is omitted from training and service delivery due to insufficient resources and the sheer volume of clinical load. Considerable evidence confirms that prevention can significantly reduce the onset of and subsequent related burdens to mental illness, and associated personal, social and economic costs. Often prevention and promotion get confused, and further mental illness and mental health are related but distinct dimensions. Acute mental illness usually prevents positive mental health or wellbeing, yet similarly someone without mental illness can have poor mental health and poor well being. Prevention of mental illness relates closely to and can result from promotion of mental health and associated resilience.Prevention can be categorised in multiple ways and most clinicians regularly utilise secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention addresses wider determinants across whole populations. Selective prevention targets groups at higher risk of developing disorder. Secondary prevention involves early detection and intervention and corresponds to indicated prevention. This lecture summarises these challenges and the impact of mental illness, and develops the case for prevention. The risk and protective factors for mental illness and various ages of onset are presented. Interventions at different life stages are also outlined. The lecture relies on the EPA Guidance on prevention of mental ill health and promotion of mental well being using the development of UK policy as structure. Future steps will be presented within European and global context.
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Gressier, F., and A. L. Sutter-Dallay. "Suicide attempts in women with severe mental illness in the perinatal period." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.143.
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Suicide is one of the leading causes of perinatal maternal mortality (1). Maternal suicidality has a negative impact on the mother-baby relationship and child development. However, little is known about specific risk factors for perinatal suicide attempts in women with severe mental illness. In a sample of 1439 women with severe mental illness in the perinatal period and jointly admitted with their baby in a mother and baby unit, 154 (11.7%) attempted suicide, 49 in pregnancy (3.7%) and 105 (8.0%) in the post-partum period (2). Suicide attempt in pregnancy was related to alcohol use, smoking during pregnancy and a history of miscarriage, and in the post-partum period to major depressive episode or recurrent depression and younger age. Women who attempt suicide either in pregnancy or in the postnatal period could have different psychopathological and environmental profiles. Past obstetric history and addictive behaviours during pregnancy are essential elements to explore. In addition, depressive symptoms should be assessed in all women to treat major depression, as a means of preventing suicide attempt. Special attention to risk of suicide is needed during the perinatal period for women with severe mental illness. For women suffering from an acute psychiatric disorder, or a history of mental illness, multi-disciplinary management should be implemented. 1. Oates M. Suicide: the leading cause of maternal death. Br J Psychiatry. 2003;183:279-81. 2. Gressier F et al. Risk factors for suicide attempt in pregnancy and the post-partum period in women with serious mental illnesses. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:284-291.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Mulugeta, Wudeneh, Hong Xue, Myron Glick, Jungwon Min, Michael F. Noe, and Youfa Wang. "Burden of Mental Illness and Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors for Mental Illness Among Refugees in Buffalo, NY, 2004–2014." Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 6, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-018-0498-6.
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Bjørndal, Ludvig D., Fatima Tauqeer, Kristin S. Heiervang, Hanne K. Clausen, Kristine Heitmann, and Angela Lupattelli. "Perceived risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring related to psychotropic and mental illness exposures in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a cross-sectional survey of women with past or current mental illness." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e061159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061159.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the perceived risk of psychotropic and mental illness exposures (1) during pregnancy or (2) while breastfeeding on offspring neurodevelopment, and factors associated with this perception in women with past/current mental illness.DesignCross-sectional, web-based study.SettingNationwide in Norway, June 2020–June 2021.ParticipantsWomen aged 18–55 years who were pregnant, recent mothers or planning a pregnancy, and had been offered antidepressants in the last 5 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPerceived risk of prenatal and breastmilk exposure to psychotropic medications and maternal mental illness on offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.ResultsWe included 448 women: 234 pregnant, 146 mothers and 68 planning a pregnancy. On a 0–10 scale, women perceived antidepressants as least harmful both (1) in pregnancy (mean score 4.2, 95% CI 3.6 to 4.8) and (2) while breastfeeding (mean score 3.8, 95% CI 3.3 to 4.4), relative to antipsychotics, anxiety/sleeping medication or antiepileptics (mean score range: 6.3–6.5 during pregnancy, 5.5–6.2 while breastfeeding). Many participants were unfamiliar with psychotropics other than antidepressants. The perceived risk of mental illness exposure exceeded that of antidepressants (mean score range 5.6–5.9) in both exposure periods. Using general linear models, factors associated with greater antidepressant risk perception in both exposure periods included having lower education, non-Norwegian native language, and employment status (range mean score difference (β): 2.07–6.07). For pregnant women and mothers, there was an inverse association between perceived risk and the perceived antidepressant effectiveness in both exposure periods (range of β: −0.18 to –0.25).ConclusionsIn women with past/current mental illness, the perceived risk of antidepressant exposure on child neurodevelopment was lower than that for maternal mental illness. Other psychotropic medications were perceived as more harmful. As medication risk perception influences the decision-making regarding treatment of mental illness, pre- and pregnancy counselling should target women with characteristics associated with higher perceived risk.
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Poe, Abigail, and Frank Puga. "SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS LIVING WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1888.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Older adults living with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease, have an increased risk of poor mental health outcomes. While a link between living with chronic illness and depression have been examined in previous studies, relatively little is known about factors that increase and decrease the risk of suicidal ideation among older adults living with chronic illness. Using data from the third wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) database, we examined the relationship between living with a chronic illness were more likely to endorse thinking about death in the previous two weeks ( OR=3.17, CI: 1.16 – 8.65, p=0.24). The analysis also revealed that the likelihood of suicidal ideation in the previous two weeks increased with the number of chronic conditions reported by participants (OR=1.128, CI: 1.04 – 1.23, p=0.005). The results of this study are consistent with previous studies suggesting a relationship between older adults living with a chronic condition are at a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Findings from this study can help inform intervention development to support mental health of older adults living with chronic illness. Future studies are needed to examine additional psychosocial factors that may mediate the relationship between living with a chronic illness and suicidal ideation among older adults.