Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mental illness – Risk factors'
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Klik, Kathleen. "Risk and Protective Factors of Internalized Mental Illness Stigma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2573.
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The internalization of mental illness stigma is associated with an array of negative consequences; however, not all individuals experience the deleterious effects of internalized mental illness stigma. The present dissertation focuses on factors associated with internalized stigma, and will be the first to examine simultaneously both risk (i.e., shame, shame proneness and shame aversion, insight, and centrality and valence) and protective factors (social support and self-compassion) of internalized mental illness stigma. Using two of the most widely used assessments of internalized mental illness stigma (i.e., Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale [SSMIS] and the Internalized Mental Illness Scale [ISMI]), risk and protective factors were examined among adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; n = 215) and Facebook (n = 153) who self-reported a mental illness diagnosis. Whereas among AMT participants, shame proneness and centrality were significant predictors of the process of internalization of mental illness stigma (measured by the Stereotype Self-Concurrence subscale of the SSMIS), among Facebook participants centrality was the only significant predictor of process of the internalization of mental illness stigma. In addition, whereas among AMT participants, shame proneness (measured by the PFQ-2), centrality, valence, and social support were significant predictors of the experience of internalized stigma (measured by the ISMI), among Facebook participants state shame, centrality, valence, and social support were significant predictors of the experience of internalized stigma. Thus, centrality was the only significant risk factor across measures and samples. It is possible that the current dissertation may help to differentiate individuals at particular risk for internalization and ultimately to harness resilience for those diagnosed with a mental illness, particularly among those diagnosed with mood or anxiety-related diagnoses.
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van, Wormer Rupert Talmage. "Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Community Mental Health Patients with Severe Mental Illness." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/653.
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The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with homelessness, assess the relationship between housing status and consumption of costly publicly funded resources, to identify characteristics associated with service retention, and to evaluate whether length of treatment is associated with better outcomes. The target population was homeless and formerly homeless adults with SMI enrolled in community mental health services at the Downtown Emergency Service Center SAGE mental health program located in Seattle. The sample consisted of 380 SAGE patients who had continuous enrollment in 2005. These patients formed the cohort for the study. Agency records for these patients were reviewed for a 3-year period (2005-2007). The study utilized a non-experimental retrospective cohort study design. Multiple logistic regression, hierarchical multiple regression, two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and Cochran's Q test were used to analyze the data. Homelessness was associated with African American race, substance use, lower income, and younger age. Patients who were homeless spent more time in jail and required more mental health staff time compared with patients with stable housing. Patients with schizophrenia were more likely to retain services and African American patients were less likely to retain services. Overall, patients who remained enrolled in services from Year 1 to Year 3 had improved housing stability, fewer days of incarceration, and required less staff support. The overrepresentation of African Americans among patients who experienced homelessness suggests that racism could be a factor contributing to homelessness for this racial group. Further research is needed to assess the relationship between race and homelessness.
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Wong, Pak-shun, and 黃伯順. "Suicide risk assessment in community dwelling people with severe mental illness." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46583361.
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Aphane, M. A. "Lay opinions and knowledge of Dikgopheng Community about mental illness in Polokwane Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1193.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2015In preparation for the launch of the Flemish Interuniversity Council-Institutional Cooperation (VLIR-IUC) in 2010, the Development Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI), University of Limpopo, conducted a scoping exercise with community members in villages within Dikgale in the Limpopo Province. The purpose of the exercise was to identify both the assets within the community — as well as the challenges being experienced in the area. During discussions with leaders of the Community Based Organisations (CBOs) it became apparent that mental health related issues were an emerging issue of concern — with special emphasis placed on the levels of stigma that existed towards mental illness in the area. It is against this backdrop that the researcher was motivated to conduct a study with the aim of finding out the opinions and knowledge of the lay people about mental illness in Dikgopheng community, situated within the broader Dikgale area, in Polokwane Local Municipality in the Limpopo Province. The study used a quantitative descriptive survey research design in which participants answered questions administered through questionnaires. A random sampling strategy was used to secure a representative sample size of 249 respondents out of the total population of 700. IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS version 20) was used to analyse the descriptive statistics. Inconclusive results were found about formal knowledge of the psychosocial risk factors associated with the onset of mental illness. In contradistinction, patterns of cultural associations linked to the onset of mental illness were significant. Furthermore, an overwhelming majority of the community (75.1%) of the community members were found to have ‘stigmatisation’ opinions about people with mental illness. Due to the lack of the psychosocial knowledge about risk factors and the onset of mental illness, it is recommended (i) that there is a need for education and training to raise awareness about risk factors associated with the onset of mental illness and (ii) that further qualitative research be undertaken to explore issues relating to mental illness and stigma in more depth in the area that specifically focuses on ameliorative measures that address stigma that could be implemented within the community.
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Russell, Kia Chevon. "Recidivism Rates Among Juveniles With Mental Illness." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4404.
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Treating mental illness is imperative to help reduce criminal justice involvement within the juvenile population. Receiving mental health care will help decrease the likelihood for youth to reoffend, ultimately reducing recidivism rates. Past studies showed there are risk factors associated with juveniles and recidivism; however, very few studies have examined what factors are prevalent after services have been received. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that increase the risk of recidivism among juveniles who have received psychiatric stabilization in Harris County, Texas. Risk factors that were assessed included age, gender, ethnicity, and criminal offense. The psychodynamic perspective guided this study and archival data were obtained from the Harris County Psychiatric Center Database. Several statistical analyses were used in this study to include a t test, chi square analysis, and a binary logistic regression analysis. Results from this study found no significant relationship with mental health diagnosis and recidivism nor did it find a significant difference in the length of stay at the psychiatric center. This study did find that simple demographics were stronger than any predictor, concluding that younger Black males were more likely to recidivate. Based on the findings from this study, juvenile justice representatives will be able to evaluate and develop programs specifically targeted to the risk factors found to be associated with recidivism.
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Sun, Qi. "Assessing Social Determinants of Severe Mental Illness in High-Risk Groups." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500085/.
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The primary objective of this research was to explore the impact of possible social factors on non-institutionalized adults 18 years of age or older residing in the United States who exhibited severe mental illness (SMI). A holistic sociological model was developed to explain SMI by incorporating elements of social learning theory, social disorganization theory, and gender socialization theory with social demographic factors. Based on the holistic sociological model, the following factors were investigated: demographic aspects of age, education, income and gender; gender socialization; influence of neighborhood area; social network influence based on communication and interaction among peers and family members; and socially deviant behaviors such as frequently smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol and using drugs specifically marijuana. The impact of these factors on SMI was examined. A sample of 206 respondents drawn from National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2003 was assessed. These respondents had answered all the questions related to SMI; social deviant behaviors; neighborhood environment; and communications among peers, family members and friends; and the other studied factors. Ordinary linear regression with interaction terms was employed as a statistical tool to assess the impact of social determinants on SMI. Being female, living a disorganized neighborhood, and frequent and high levels of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol had a significant influence on SMI. This reevaluation and reexamination of the role of gender socialization path, socially deviant behaviors like smoking and drinking, and community construction on SMI provided additional insights. This research is one of the first to develop a more holistic sociological model on SMI and explored the previously untested interactive relationships. The limitations of this study suggest the need to test a potential recursive research model and explore additional bi-directional associations.
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Morgan, Vera Anne. "Intellectual disability co-occurring with schizophrenia and other psychiatric illness : epidemiology, risk factors and outcome." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0209.
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(Truncated abstract) The aims of this thesis are: (i) To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric illness among persons with intellectual disability and, conversely, the prevalence of intellectual disability among persons with a psychiatric illness; (ii) To describe the disability and service utilisation profile of persons with conjoint disorder; (iii) To examine, in particular, intellectual disability co-occurring with schizophrenia; and (iv) To explore the role of hereditary and environmental (specifically obstetric) risk factors in the aetiology of (i) intellectual disability and (ii) intellectual disability co-occurring with psychiatric illness. This thesis has a special interest in the relationship between intellectual disability and schizophrenia. Where data and sample sizes permit, it explores that relationship at some depth and has included sections on the putative nature of the link between intellectual disability and schizophrenia in the introductory and discussion chapters. To realise its objectives, the thesis comprises a core study focusing on aims (i) (iii) and a supplementary study whose focus is aim (iv). It also draws on work from an ancillary study completed prior to the period of candidacy...This thesis found that, overall, 31.7% of persons with an intellectual disability had a psychiatric illness; 1.8% of persons with a psychiatric illness had an intellectual disability. The rate of schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder or unipolar major depression, was greatly increased among cases of conjoint disorder: depending on birth cohort, 3.7-5.2% of individuals with intellectual disability had co-occurring schizophrenia. Down syndrome was much less prevalent among conjoint disorder cases despite being the most predominant cause of intellectual disability while pervasive developmental disorder was over-represented. Persons with conjoint disorder had a more severe clinical profile including higher mortality rates than those with a single disability. The supplementary study confirmed the findings in the core body of work with respect to the extent of conjoint disorder, its severity, and its relationship with pervasive development disorder and Down syndrome. Moreover, the supplementary study and the ancillary influenza study indicated a role for neurodevelopmental insults including obstetric complications in the adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes, with timing of the insult a potentially critical element in defining the specific outcome. The supplementary study also added new information on familiality in intellectual disability. It found that, in addition to parental intellectual disability status and exposure to labour and delivery complications at birth, parental psychiatric status was an independent predictor of intellectual disability in offspring as well as a predictor of conjoint disorder. In conclusion, the facility to collect and integrate records held by separate State administrative health jurisdictions, and to analyse them within the one database has had a marked impact on the capacity for this thesis to estimate the prevalence of conjoint disorder among intellectually disabled and psychiatric populations, and to understand more about its clinical manifestations and aetiological underpinnings.
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Puckett, Theresa Louise. "The Influence of Risk and Protective Factors on Health-Compromising Behaviors among Incarcerated Juveniles." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1279594086.
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Kabia-Williams, Yma E. "A study of alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness as risk factors among adults whose parents were substance abusers." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/86.
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This current study describes alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness as risk factors among adults whose parents were substance abusers. The intention of this study is to depict a relationship between Parental Substance Abuse and the onset of alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness amongst the children of substance abusers as they develop into adulthood. The study suggests having a substance abusive parent increases the risk of the child to develop substance dependencies as well as mental illness in their adulthood. Through parental modeling children witness substance abuse and dependency. As a result, the behavior becomes innate. The results depict a significant statistical relationship at the .05 level of probability between parental substance abuse influencers and substance dependencies as well as mental illness amongst the persons that have been exposed to parental substance abuse influencers during their childhood. Alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness are risk factors among adults whose parents were substance abusers. This study also proposes new incentives to minimize this nationwide dilemma.
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Gradell, Brandström Pontus, Linda Kristensson, and Niklas Olausson. "Riskfaktorer angående suicid : - en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3109.
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Suicid har minskat i Sverige de senaste decennierna men ändå är suicid den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland män i åldersgruppen 15-44 år och bland kvinnor i samma åldersgrupp är det den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken. ...
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Johnson, Bridget Ann. "Mental health promotion in Western Cape schools :an exploration of factors relating to risk, resilience and health promotion." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Recent South African research has confirmed that there is reason to be concerned about the mental health status and well-being of our youth. School-going youth are engaging in a wide array of risk behaviours that seriously threaten their well-being and hamper their chances of experiencing success in the future. The aim of this research was to explore factors relating to risk, resilience and health promoting schools in order to enhance the well-being of youth in South Africa.
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Sörell, Elina, and Pauline Olsson. "Riskfaktorer och omvårdnad för psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-28919.
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Background: Young people are constantly exposed to risk factors that may affect mental health. But through knowledge and proper nursing, several risk factors can be eliminated which will improve mental health. Aim: The purpose of the study is to highlight risk factors and nursing measures for mental illness among young people. The aim was also to investigate the chosen articles' data analysis methodology. Method: This descriptive literature study was founded on 16 scientific articles. The literature was analyzed and reviewed to distinguish themes. In addition to this, the data analysis methodology was examined. Results: Several risk factors showed an increased risk of mental health among young people. Risk factors was most apparent amongst youth whose families had poor socioeconomic status, who witnessed or been subjected to violence and exclusion. Overall, a higher proportion of young female reported mental illness. In nursing care for young people who suffered from mental illness, there was a great need for support. The literature showed the importance of the nurse ability to spend enough time and built up a trustworthy relationship with the patient. Though motivation and education by the nurse, the awareness increased, and feeling of stigmatization decreased in the population of young people with mental illness. Conclusions: This literature study highlights several risk factors regarding mental illness among young people, the most significant were the impact of the family, socioeconomic conditions, postponed or witnessed violence, being a female and stress. The literature study also addresses nursing in mental health among young people, highlighting the importance of providing support, listening, being available, working to build a trustful relationship, interacting with parents and mental healthcare expertise. This knowledge enables nurses to identify mental illness among early-stage adolescents and to institute nursing measures on time.Bakgrund: Ungdomar utsätts ständigt för riskfaktorer som kan påverka den psykiska ohälsan. Men genom kunskap och rätt omvårdnad kan flera riskfaktorer elimineras och det psykiska måendet förbättras. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa riskfaktorer och omvårdnadsåtgärder vid psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar samt granska de valda artiklarnas dataanalysmetod. Metod: Denna beskrivande litteraturstudie grundades på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats och granskats för att urskilja teman samt vilken dataanalysmetod som använts. Huvudresultat: Flera olika riskfaktorer visade ge ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar. Det som stod ut mest var ungdomar vars familjer hade sämre socioekonomiska förhållanden, ungdomar som bevittnat eller blivit utsatt för våld samt utanförskap. Överlag led fler andel tjejer av psykisk ohälsa. I omvårdnaden kring ungdomar som drabbats av psykisk ohälsa sågs ett stort behov av stöd. Det var också viktigt att sjuksköterskan tog sig tid och byggde upp ett förtroendefullt förhållande gentemot ungdomen. Genom att sjuksköterskan motiverade och utbildade ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa ökade medvetenheten och stigmatiseringen minskade. Slutsatser: Denna litteraturstudie belyste flera riskfaktorer för psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar, vanligaste var familjens inverkan, socioekonomiska förhållanden, att utsättas eller bevittna våld, att vara tjej och stress. Litteraturstudien lyfte även omvårdnadsåtgärder vid psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar där de belyste vikten av att ge stöd, lyssna, vara tillgänglig, arbeta för att bygga en förtroendefull relation samt samverka med föräldrar och andra professioner. Denna kunskap möjliggör för sjuksköterskor att identifiera psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar i tidigt stadie och sätta in omvårdnadsåtgärder i tid.
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Al-joumeyli, Jasmin Rim, and Vivi-Ann Landén. "Riskfaktorer för Post Partum Depression i samband med graviditet och förlossning – en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270533.
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Background: A systematic use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) can be identified at an early stage, followed by timely required actions. Mental health and well-being can be perceived as sensitive objective. Joyce Travelbee and Johan Cullberg advocate nursing theoretical approaches to promote good communication and crisis management, which is the fundamental base of this master thesis. Purpose: To study risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD). Method: A descriptive literature review based on 16 quantitative studies with different study designs. Results: Risk factors for PPD may be previous or current mental and physical health issues, childbirth experiences, and socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: The results indicates association between PPD and, ill health, delivery and socioeconomics. With increased knowledge about risk factors and the value of early measures and preventive efforts, chances to prevent PPD may increase.
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Bodin, Sofie, and Elin Kecibas. "Bortom datorskärmen : En allmän litteraturöversikt om sociala mediers positiva och negativa inverkan på tonåringars psykiska hälsa." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29124.
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The Internet has become an accessible place for teens to seek help, support and information if they are experiencing mental illness. The feeling of being anonymous can be an important reason to why teens are using internet and social media for this purpose. However, it appears through earlier studies that there may be risks involving social media as utilities for these matters. In this study we therefore examine both the risk- and protective factors that impacts on teen’s mental illnesses in relation to their use of social media as a tool for help, support and information, but also how professional social workers can increase their use of social media as a tool in their work with these teens. To be able to do this we conducted a literature review of the current available research in this field. The results presented have been analyzed with the developmental psychopathology perspective and with the theory of digital social capital. The results indicates that there are both negative and positive outcomes with the use of social media as a tool when teens are experiencing mental illness, and that there is a lack of professional social workers in social media even though they are both needed and desired.
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Mak, Kin-ming, and 麥健銘. "Emergency psychiatric attendance in a Hong Kong hospital: a local experience in understanding factors associatedwith re-attendance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3972489X.
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Harrison, Kimberly S. "Validation of clinical screens for suicidality and severe mental disorders for jail inmates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4774/.
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Psychologists and other mental health professionals working in correctional institutions bear the considerable responsibility for identifying, diagnosing, and treating mentally disordered inmates. The importance of these responsibilities has been recognized in recent years because of the burgeoning population of inmates in general and the higher numbers of inmates with mental illness in particular. Research has demonstrated that the screens currently used in correctional settings to identify mentally disordered and suicidal inmates are either unvalidated or generally ineffective. This study investigates the validity of different mental health screens in a jail population. Inmates from the Grayson County Jail were administered three screens: the Referral Decision Scale (RDS), Personality Assessment Screener (PAS), and the Mental Disability/Suicide Intake Screen (MDSIS). Criterion measures were the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) for Axis I disorders and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) for suicidal ideation. Results indicate that each screen most effectively assessed one clinical domain: the RDS for psychosis, the MDSIS for suicidality, and the PAS for depression. Gender differences were observed in screen items most effective for classifying inmates by suicide risk level.
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Mitjans, Niubó Marina. "Genetic Risk Factors for the Lack of Response to Clinical Treatment in Mental Disorders: an Approach from Pharmacogenetics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289981.
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Severe mental disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ), represent a huge burden to society, reflecting the limited efficacy of current drug treatments. Although the progress in development of pharmacological treatments is one of the great successes of modern psychiatry, it should not be forgotten that a very high percentage of patients do not receive and/or seek the proper treatment for their disease. Individual differences in clinical response to psychotropic drugs have long been recognized as a fundamental problem in the treatment of the seriously mentally ill patient. This variability in individual response ranges from patients who experience complete symptom remission to a subset of patients often describes as “treatment refractory”, as well as a marked variability in susceptibility to adverse drug effects. In this sense, the overall objective of pharmacogenetics is to determine the genetic basis of the variability in drug efficacy and safety, and to use this information to benefit the patient detecting a priori those patients that could not respond to a drug and/or present drug side effects. The present dissertation hypothesizes that lack of response to psychotropic drugs will be associated to genetic variability at genes coding for proteins involved directly or indirectly in the mechanism of action of these drugs. In this sense three different studies have been carried out. The first study analyses genetic variability at genes of the endocannabinoid system in clinical response and/or remission to citalopram treatment in MDD patients. The second study analyses genetic variability at genes related to phosphoinositide (PI), glycogen synthetase kinase-3 (GSK3), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and glutamatergic pathways in clinical response to lithium in BD patients. The third study analyses genetic variability at genes related to neurotrophic factors and HPA in clinical response to clozapine in patients with SCZ. Our results focused in the analyses of genetic variability at genes coding for proteins involved in the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs let us to detect some minor and moderate effects of genetic variants that could explain, at least, part of the lack of response to these drugs. The results of our study in relation to citalopram response in MDD showed that genetic variability at genes related to the endocannabinoid system could play a role in the understanding of clinical response to this drug treatment. Specifically, we found an association between CNR1 gene and clinical remission at 12th week and an effect of CNR1 gene on longitudinal response (along the 12th week follow-up). The results of our study in relation to lithium response in BD showed that genetic variability at INPP1, IMPA2, GSK3B and GRIK2 genes could play a role in the understanding of lithium response. Finally, the results in relation to clozapine response in SCZ showed that genetic variants at FKBP5 and NTRK2 genes may play a role in clozapine response. The detection of individual genetic differences in the response to psychotropic drugs may provide new strategies for the treatment of mental disorders, as well as, new knowledge about the aetiology of these disorders.Los trastornos mentales graves, como son la depresión mayor (DM), el trastorno bipolar (TB) y la esquizofrenia (SCZ), se han convertido en los últimos años en un importante problema de salud en los países desarrollados. Aunque el avance alcanzado en el desarrollo de tratamientos farmacológicos ha constituido uno de los grandes logros de la psiquiatría moderna, no debemos olvidar que hay un porcentaje muy alto de pacientes que no reciben el tratamiento adecuado para su enfermedad. En este sentido, la farmacogenética tiene como objetivo identificar y caracterizar los factores genéticos que se encuentran en la base de las diferencias existentes entre individuos en la respuesta clínica al tratamiento farmacológico. La presente tesis pretende estudiar variación genética basada en genes que codifican para moléculas implicadas directamente o indirectamente en los mecanismos de acción del tratamiento con citalopram (DM), carbonato de litio (TB) y clozapina (SCZ) que nos explicará parte del riesgo para la no respuesta clínica y la no remisión del episodio tratado farmacológicamente. Los resultados nos permitieron identificar variación genética asociada a la respuesta al tratamiento. Concretamente, nuestros resultados indicaron que variabilidad genética relacionada con el sistema endocannabinoide se asociaba con la respuesta a citalopram en DM. Por otro lado, genes involucrados con el sistema de fosfoinositoles podrían explican parte de la variación en la respuesta al litio en el TB. En referencia al estudio de la respuesta a clozapina en pacientes con SCZ, los resultados sugieren que variantes genéticas en los genes FKBP5 y NTRK2 pueden jugar un papel en la respuesta. En este sentido, nuestro estudio proporciona evidencia de la implicación del eje hipotálamo-pituitario-adrenal (HPA) y de factores neurotróficos en la modulación de la respuesta a clozapina. La detección de diferencias genéticas individuales en la respuesta a los fármacos psicotrópicos puede proporcionar nuevas estrategias para el tratamiento de trastornos mentales, así como, nuevos conocimientos sobre la etiología de estos trastornos.
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Ståleberg, Emmie, and Julia Gustafsson. ""Ni kan aldrig förstå hur jag känner mig" : En textanalys om hur det är att växa upp med minst en förälder med missbruksproblematik och psykisk ohälsa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74390.
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The aim of this study aims was to gain a better understanding of how dandelion children (maskrosbarn) in grown age describe their experiences of growing up with at least one parent with substance abuse and mental illness. The study was conducted through a qualitative study on five autobiographies and biographies. The books were analyzed through a text analysis and we used Borges resiliens theory with risk and protective factors to help us see how different factors in the children's lives affect them. Our study shows how the children describes their childhood being effected by their parents substance abuses and mental illnesses. The children describe that their childhood was subject to lack of care and that it was caused both by their parents substance abuses and mental illnesses and the social services lack of help or insufficient help. They grew up with their single mothers in areas with low socio-economic background and felt different from other children. Their most important protective factors were to have someone important in their life, the will to want another life than their parents and to develop a good self esteem. The authors felt unheard and unseen as children even if social services put them in foster care. Through this study it is possible to increase knowledge of how dandelion children in grown age describe their childhood and how it affected them. It also show which help they did or didn´t receive from social services growing up. We propose further research concerning dandelion children closer to our time related to todays laws and regulations.
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Kierulf, Jacqueline C. "The association of chronic physical illness and eating attitudes in school-aged children: A secondary analysis based on a community survey of the epidemiology and risk factors for eating and mood disorders in children." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6686.
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Children with chronic physical illness have twice the risk of psychosocial maladjustment as healthy children. One specific aspect of mental functioning is abnormal eating attitudes, hypothesized to be an early stage of an eating disorder. To date, there has been no study of the association of a variety of physical chronic illnesses with a specific psychiatric syndrome in a diagnostically heterogeneous population, comparing chronically ill children with healthy children. This study examined the association between chronic illness and eating attitudes in a population of school children from Western Quebec. A checklist of chronic medical conditions was added to the parent questionnaire in order to determine presence of chronic illness. There were two objectives of this thesis. The first objective was to determine whether chronic illness was associated with eating attitudes in children as measured by the Eating Attitudes Test. The second study objective was to determine whether there was a meaningful group difference in othcr psychometric scores of depression, family functioning and stress between children with a chronic illness and children without a chronic illness. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Spataro, Josie 1973. "Gender differences in child sexual abuse characteristics and long-term outcomes of mental illness, suicide, and fatal overdose : a prospective investigation." Monash University, Dept. of Psychological Medicine, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8111.
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Ising, Emma, and Ida Kvissberg. "Riskfaktorer för psykisk ohälsa hos ambulanspersonal : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3696.
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Ambulanspersonal arbetar i en miljö som kan vara psykiskt påfrestande. Känsliga och komplexa problem behöver lösas självständigt, med begränsade resurser och ibland under stark tidspress. I mötet med patienten ställs ambulanspersonal inför professionella och emotionella utmaningar. Reaktionerna på dessa möten och erfarenheter kan bli skadliga för den mentala hälsan och forskning visar en ökad prevalens av posttraumatisk stress (PTSD) samt andra ångest- och depressionstillstånd hos personalen. Syftet var att beskriva vilka faktorer som ökade risken för att utveckla PTSD och annan psykisk ohälsa hos ambulanspersonal. Vald metod var en allmän litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats och integrativ design. En strukturerad artikelsökning utfördes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Totalt inkluderades 18 artiklar i litteraturöversikten, majoriteten av artiklarna var kvantitativa. Resultatet visade ett antal faktorer som ökade risken för psykisk ohälsa. Dessa delades upp i två kategorier: organisatoriska faktorer och individrelaterade faktorer. Organisatoriska faktorer omfattade bland annat socialt stöd från chef och medarbetare, kronisk arbetsrelaterad stress och möjlighet till återhämtning. Individrelaterade faktorer omfattade bland annat tidigare psykisk ohälsa, livsstilsfaktorer, utbildningsnivå och kön. Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten har påvisat en rad faktorer som gav ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa för ambulanspersonal. Utvecklingen av psykisk ohälsa är komplex. Att ambulanspersonal upplever arbetsrelaterade negativa följder i form av psykisk ohälsa pekar på att faktorerna beror på individens sårbarhet, erfarenhet av kritiska incidenter och organisatoriska brister. Resultaten i de granskade artiklarna visar också att de negativa följderna inte enbart kan härledas till traumatiska händelser utan också till den kumulativa exponeringen för lidande, sjukdom och död.Ambulance personnel work in an environment that can be stressful. The work is sometimes carried out under great pressure, with severely ill patients and limited resources. Studies have shown an overrepresentation of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety syndrome among ambulance personnel. The aim was to describe which factors increase the risk of developing PTSD and other mental illness among ambulance personnel. The method chosen was a general literature review with qualitative approach and integrative design. A structured article search was performed in the Cinahl and PubMed databases. In total, 18 articles were included in the literature review. The majority of the articles had a quantitative design. The results showed a variety of factors that were considered to increase the risk of mental illness. These were divided into two categories: organizational predictors and individual predictors. Organizational predictors included social support from managers and employees, chronic work-related stress and the opportunity for recovery. Individual predictors included previous mental illness, lifestyle factors, educational level and gender. Conclusion: The literature review has shown some risk factors for mental illness among ambulance personnel. The development of mental illness is complex. The fact that ambulance personnel experience work-related negative consequences in the form of mental illness appears to depend on the individual's vulnerability, experience of critical incidents and organizational deficiencies. The results also showed that the negative consequences can not only be attributed to traumatic events, but also to the cumulative exposure to suffering, illness and death.
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Hartley, Mary. "Depressed mood in pregnancy : prevalence and social factors in Cape Town peri-urban settlements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5324.
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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antenatal distress in Cape Town periurban settlements, and the social factors associated with it in this population. Participants were 756 pregnant women from Khayelitsha and Mfuleni, Cape Town. Each women was interviewed in her home language using a structured questionnaire which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), measures for social support and alcohol use, and questions concerning socio-demographics, intimate partner violence, and the current pregnancy. A threshold score of 14 and above on the EPDS was used to determine antenatal distress. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis initially, followed by multivariate logistical regression. Results indicated a prevalence of 46% for antenatal distress, which is substantially greater than the prevalence found in high income countries. Women in their first trimester of pregnancy were more likely to experience antenatal distress than were women in their second and third trimesters. The strongest predictors of antenatal distress were poor partner support, intimate partner violence and having a household income below R2000 per month. The high prevalence found in this study has harmful implications for infant health in South Africa, and is reason to suggest that early screening and intervention is crucial. More research is needed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness and scalability of community-based interventions for maternal depression in South African peri-urban settlements, as well as to establish the specific infant outcomes of antenatal distress in this population.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel om die voorkoms van voorgeboorteangs in buitestedelike nedersettings in Kaapstad te bepaal, sowel as die maatskaplike faktore wat met voorgeboorteangs by dié populasie verband hou. Die studiedeelnemers was 756 swanger vroue van Khayelitsha en Mfuleni, Kaapstad. ʼn Gestruktureerde vraelys is gebruik om met elke vrou ʼn onderhoud in haar huistaal te voer. Die vraelys het die Edinburg-nageboortedepressieskaal (EPDS), maatstawwe vir maatskaplike steun en alkoholgebruik, en vrae oor sosiodemografie, bedmaatgeweld en die vrou se huidige swangerskap ingesluit. ʼn Drempeltelling van 14 en hoër op die EPDS is gebruik om voorgeboorteangs te bepaal. Die data is aanvanklik met behulp van beskrywende statistiek en tweeveranderlike analise ontleed, waarna dit aan meerveranderlike logistiese regressie onderwerp is. Studieresultate toon ʼn 46%-voorkoms van voorgeboorteangs, wat beduidend hoër is as dié in hoëinkomstelande. Vroue in hul eerste trimester van swangerskap blyk meer geneig te wees om voorgeboorteangs te ervaar as vroue in hul tweede en derde trimester. Die sterkste voorspellers van voorgeboorteangs is swak ondersteuning van lewensmaats, bedmaatgeweld en ʼn huishoudelike inkomste onder R2 000 per maand. Die hoë voorkomssyfer van voorgeboorteangs waarop die studie dui, het nadelige implikasies vir babagesondheid in Suid-Afrika, en maak vroeë toetsing en ingryping noodsaaklik. Verdere navorsing word vereis om die doeltreffendheid en skaleerbaarheid van gemeenskapsgegronde ingrypings vir moederdepressie in Suid-Afrikaanse buitestedelike nedersettings te ontwikkel en te beoordeel, sowel as om die bepaalde uitwerkings van voorgeboorteangs op pasgeborenes in dié populasie te bepaal
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Sundström, Josefin, and Linda Englund. "Konsten att överleva : Trots en ogynnsam uppväxt." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11325.
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Studien syftade till att studera risk- och skyddsfaktorer som kan finnas i miljön när ett barn växer upp med en förälder med missbruksproblematik och/eller psykisk ohälsa. Studien var kvalitativ och data samlades in via åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Systemteori och anknytningsteori utgjorde den teoretiska tolkningsramen. Studien resulterade i åtta teman: relationen till föräldrar, relationen till syskon, viktiga personer, skola, fritidsaktiviteter, upprätthållandet av en fasad, känsloreaktioner samt överlevnadsstrategier. Dessa teman beskriver både risk- och skyddsfaktorer. Samtliga respondenter i studien växte upp med en eller båda föräldrarna med missbruksproblematik och/eller psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet visade att majoriteten troligtvis hade en bra anknytning till en av föräldrarna vilket fungerade som en skyddsfaktor, medan den "sjuka" föräldern utgjorde en riskfaktor. Flertalet av respondenterna berättade att de höll upp en fasad mot omgivningen och att endast ett fåtal utomstående släpptes in i familjehemligheten. En del uppgav att det var på grund av det dåliga bemötandet från omgivningen, vilket kunde bero på de rådande värderingar och normer som fanns i samhället under respondenternas uppväxt.
The research was aimed to study risk and protective factors that can be present in the environment when a child grows up with a parent with substance abuse and/or mental illness. The study was qualitative and data was collected through eight semi-structured interviews. Systems theory and attachment theory provided the theoretical framework of interpretation. The study resulted in eight themes: the relationship with parents, relationships with siblings, important people, school, recreational activities, maintaining a facade, emotional reactions and coping strategies. These themes represent both risk and protective factors. All respondents in the study grew up with one or both parents with substance abuse and/or mental illness. This result showed that the majority of the respondents probably had a good attachment to one of the parents which acted as a protective factor while the "sick" parent acted as a risk factor. The majority of respondents said they kept a facade towards the environment and only a few outsiders were allowed into the family secret. Some said it was because of the attitudes that excisted in the environment, which could be due to the predominating values and norms that existed in the society during the time when the respondents grew up.
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Seaman, Angela. "Risk factors for psychological insult following deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom among veterans : a systematic review ; A cross-sectional study investigating the impact of disease activity and disease related cognitions on adjustment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25906.
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Risk factors for psychological insult following deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom among veterans: A systematic review: The systematic review aimed to establish more clearly the risk factors for mental health problems in the veteran population. Five databases were searched. Included studies (n = 10) required that veterans served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and/or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and included risk factors of mental health problems among the veteran population. Data from included studies were extracted and critically appraised based on critical appraisal tools following a narrative approach to synthesise data. All of the studies reviewed identified risk factors, although due to their heterogeneous nature key findings varied considerably. However, it was consistently reported that combat exposure and deployment experiences were associated with emergence of post operational mental health problems. The current review provides preliminary evidence that there are a number of specific risk factors that may increase susceptibility to mental health problems subsequent to military deployment. It is suggested that interventions are needed in order to mitigate risk factors and bolster protective factors. A cross-sectional study investigating the impact of disease activity and disease related cognitions on adjustment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The research journal aimed to investigate the degree to which psychological illness related cognitions will mediate the effect of disease activity on Quality of Life (QoL). In addition, to assess the impact of disease activity, and several psychological factors, in several adjustments outcomes in IBD to see whether the adjustment variables are significant predictors of multiple outcomes. Mediation was used followed by an exploratory cross-sectional correlational design. Three hundred and thirty eight participants were recruited through an IBD charity and invited to respond to a self-report questionnaire online. Measures targeted different aspects of the IBD profile to give an indication of adjustment associated with IBD diagnosis, psychological factors and Quality of Life (QoL). Mediation analysis found support for significant indirect effects on the relationship between disease activity and QoL through Gastrointestinal (GI) anxiety, perceived disability and illness representations. The subsidiary analysis indicated that pain catastrophising, disease activity, stigma, illness representations and GI anxiety were found to be significant predictors of adjustment in IBD. The results indicate that there is an important relationship with the adjustment factors, QoL, and psychological functioning. In addition, stress, depression, anxiety and QoL were found to be predicted by the adjustment factors. The current study has provided insight into psychological factors and adjustment indicators from a multi-faceted perspective, which will facilitate advancement of managing IBD from a biopsychosocial framework with a view to enable more effective disease management.
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Broström, Sanna, and Elin Brännmark. "Att drabbas och leva med utmattningssyndrom : En kvalitativ studie om de konsekvenser som kan upplevas till följd av utmattningssyndrom samt vägen tillbaka." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85602.
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Psykisk ohälsa är ett problem som ständigt ökar i samhället. Begreppet psykisk ohälsa innefattar en mängd olika psykiska och psykiatriska problem, däribland utmattningssyndromet, vilket är denna studies fokus. Syftet med studien var att undersöka de egna upplevelserna hos personer som själva drabbats av utmattningssyndrom gällande; insjuknandet, symtom, riskfaktorer och konsekvenser till följd av syndromet, samt friskfaktorer. Studien innefattar sex kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har varit drabbade av utmattningssyndrom, samt kvalitativ data från en enkät som sedan tidigare var utformad tillsammans med en kvantitativ pilotstudie. Resultatet visar att personerna upplevde att vardagen förändrades avsevärt till följd av syndromet, och att en kognitiv och fysisk trötthet upplevdes av samtliga. Resultatet påvisar även att många av intervjupersonerna och enkätdeltagarna upplevde att självuppfattningen förändrades under tiden som sjuk och att bilden över hur en vill vara krockade med den faktiska bilden. Det framkom även att vissa risk- och friskfaktorer bara upplevdes av enskilda eller ett fåtal deltagare, vilket tyder på att syndromet uppkomst och hur det artar sig är en komplex process med en individuell prägel på samtliga aspekter.Mental illness is a problem that is constantly increasing in society, and burnout syndrome is a relevant part of the mental illness that the society is struggling with. Burnout syndrome is the type of mental illness that this study is focused on. The purpose of this study was to examine people's experience regarding the sickening and diagnostic of burnout syndrome, factors that affect the syndrome negatively and positively but also social and personal consequences that can occur. This study presents six qualitative interviews with people who have been sick with burnout syndrome, together with qualitative survey data that was collected previously. The result of the study shows that the subjects experienced a drastic change of everyday life because of the burnout syndrome. A cognitive and physical fatigue was experienced by all studied subjects. The result also shows that both the interview and survey subjects reported negative changes in the self-perception that affected their mental picture of themselves. The result does also report some affecting factors that are both positive and negative, and a big part of these factors differ between the subjects. This suggests that the burnout syndrome is a complex process that is highly affected by personal and individual factors.
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Friberg, Rebecka. "Psykisk ohälsa i skolan - Ett kuratorsperspektiv." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26847.
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Mental illness in school – A counselors perspective - The purpose of the study is to examine school counselors work with students (13-15 years of age) who are struggling with mental illness. Focus on mental illness isdiscussed in a school context. From the school counselors perspective questionslike, what kind of working methods are they using and, how they collaborate areexamined. The research design is based on a qualitative approach, with ten Semistructured interviews with ten different informants who work as a counsellor at 10different schools around Skåne. The theories that highlights and are used foranalyzing the empirical material are the ecological systems theory (also calleddevelopment in context or human ecology theory), social facts theory, networktheory and network and exchange theory. The theories overall highlights theimportance of knowledge what causes the mental illness and the importance ofcollaboration between different authorities. Results in the study shows that, fromthe counselors experience, mental illness is increasing among younger studentsand is often related to stress caused by different factors within the school. Thestudy show a pattern that the counselors work with the same type of counsellingmethods. Some of them also mentions new types of technique in their work withthe children such as DISA and COOL kids. Another pattern is that the counselorshighlights the importance of collaboration, both within school but also with otherauthorities. A pattern is also that the school counselors find that the collaborationis difficult and that other authorities do not always want to collaborate, authoritieslike the social services and the child psychiatry. This is a very serious problemknowing that the mental illness is increasing. Another pattern in the study is thatthe counselors point out that they need more time to support the students, andmore understanding from politicians about their work of helping the student in theschool.
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Yerabham, Antony Sravan Kumar [Verfasser], Carsten [Gutachter] Korth, and Georg [Gutachter] Groth. "Investigations of the structural organization of the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein, a major risk factor for mental illness / Antony Sravan Kumar Yerabham ; Gutachter: Carsten Korth, Georg Groth." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138114480/34.
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Nollen, Louise. "Barns psykiska påverkan av att växa upp med en psykiskt sjuk förälder : Risk- och friskfaktorer." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15202.
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Inledning: Globalt sett beräknas det att en av fyra familjer har minst en medlem med psykisk störning och de anhöriga är ofta de som är de främsta vårdarna. En majoritet av personer med psykisk sjukdom är eller kommer att bli föräldrar. Forskning visar på ett starkt samband mellan psykisk sjukdom hos föräldrarna och psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Syfte: Att identifiera riskfaktorer respektive friskfaktorer som uppträder hos barn som växer upp med en psykiskt sjuk förälder. Metod: En litteraturstudie där 15 artiklar både kvantitativa och kvalitativa ingick. Analysering av artiklarna har skett enligt en tematisk analysmetod. Resultat: Barn till föräldrar med psykisk sjukdom utgör en högriskgrupp för att själva utveckla beteendemässiga, känslomässiga och psykiatriska problem. Det finns ett starkt samband mellan förälderns psykiska sjukdom och stigmatisering samt bristande skolgång. Skyddande faktorer inbegriper stöd, kunskap om förälderns tillstånd, en aktiv coping strategi och en familjefokuserad vård, vilket kan öka familjens och barnens resiliens. Diskussion: Det finns stora behov av tidiga insatser för att stödja barn. Många gånger missas barnen då fokus på vården enbart är riktad till den psykiskt sjuka föräldern. Studien visar att stöd och information till barnen inte är implementerat eller är bristfällig i många fall.Introduction: Globally, it is estimated that one in four families has at least one family member with a mental disorder and relatives are often the primary caregivers. A majority of people with mental illness are or will be parents. Research shows a significant association between parental mental illness and mental illness in children. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify the risk factors and the protective factors of the health of children living with a mentally ill parent. Method: A literature study involving 15 articles both quantitative and qualitative. Analysis of the articles has been done according to a thematic analysis method. Result: Children of parents with mental illness constitute a high-risk group for developing problems such as behavioural, emotional and psychiatric disorders. There is a strong relation between the parent's mental illness and stigmatization as well as lack of school attendance. Protective factors include social support, knowledge of the parent's illness, having an active coping strategy and a family-focused care that can enhance the family and children's resilience. Discussion: There is a great need of early efforts and interventions to support children. Many times, the focus from health care is only on the mentally ill parent and many children's needs are missed. This study shows that support and information to the children in many cases is not implemented or inadequate.
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Osman, Nerué. "Välmående hos utrikesfödda föräldrar under postpartum-perioden jämfört med inrikesfödda föräldrar samt riskfaktorer för att utveckla psykisk ohälsa : En kvantitativ studie med deskriptiv & explorativ ansats." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104145.
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Bakgrund: Postpartum är en utmanande tidsperiod med ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa hos föräldrar. De flesta studier som har genomförts har undersökt inrikesfödda mödrar. Det saknas studier som undersöker postpartum-relaterad psykisk ohälsa hos utrikesfödda föräldrar i Sverige. Syftet med den aktuella studien var därför att undersöka välmående hos utrikes-och inrikesfödda mödrar och fäder i Sverige. Studien syftade också till att undersöka potentiella riskfaktorer för utveckling av psykisk ohälsa och om riskfaktorerna skiljde sig mellan utrikes och inrikesfödda föräldrar. Metod: 1847 mödrar och fäder inklusive 483 (26.2%) utrikesfödda och 1364 (73.8 %) inrikesfödda föräldrar besvarade skattningsskalorna the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire och Välmåendeskalan. Data analyserades med Student’s t-test, envägs-ANOVA, Pearson’s korrelationsanalys och Multipel regressionsanalys. Resultat: Utrikesfödda föräldrar rapporterade statistiskt signifikant lägre välmående jämfört med inrikesfödda föräldrar. Bland utrikesfödda föräldrar var social isolering, hälsoproblem, känsla av inkompetens och låg utbildningsnivå riskfaktorer för psykisk ohälsa. Bland inrikesfödda föräldrar var känsla av inkompetens, hälsoproblem, social isolering, relationsproblem och rollrestriktion samt låg utbildningsnivå, riskfaktorer för psykisk ohälsa. Slutsats: Resultatet i denna deskriptiva och explorativa studie indikerar att utrikesfödda föräldrar upplever sämre välmående och löper större risk för utveckling av psykisk ohälsa under postpartum-perioden. Studien visar också att riskfaktorerna skiljer sig åt beroende på födelse inom eller utanför riket.Background: The postpartum is a challenging period with an increased risk for parental mental illness. Most studies conducted have been performed on Swedish-born mothers. At present, there are no studies examining postpartum related mental illness in foreign-born parents in Sweden. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the mental wellbeing of foreign-born mothers and fathers in Sweden and whether it differs from Swedish-born parents. The aim of the study was also to investigate potential risk factors for the development of mental illness, and whether the risk factors differ between foreign- and Swedish-born parents. Method: 1847 mothers and fathers, including 483 (26.2%) foreign-born and 1364 (73.8%) Swedish-born parents, answered the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire and the Well–being scale. Data was analyzed using the Pearson’s correlation analysis, One-way-ANOVA and Standard Multiple Regression analysis. Results: Foreign-born parents reported statistically significant lower mental well-being compared to Swedish-born parents. The study shows that among foreign-born parents, social isolation was a significant risk factor for mental illness during the postpartum period followed by health problems, feeling incompetent as a parent, and a low level of education. Among Swedish-born parents, health problems, social isolation, low levels of education, feeling incompetent as a parent, role restriction and relationship problems were risk factors for mental illness. Conclusion: The results of this descriptive and exploratory study indicates that foreign-born parents experience poorer mental well-being and are at greater risk of developing mental illness during the postpartum period. The study also shows that the risk factors differ depending on birth within or outside the country.
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Bridge, Laurie. "Contributing Factors of Substance Abuse: Mental Illness, Mental Illness Treatment andHealth Insurance." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1516979553258238.
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Jakupovic, Emina, and Sanna Hansen. "Covid-19 pandemins påverkan på barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa : identifiering av riskfaktorer – en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19811.
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Introduktion: Psykisk ohälsa hos barn och ungdomar fortsätter att öka och har blivit ett stort samhällsproblem och den höga sjukdomsbördan medför att psykisk ohälsa räknas som en folksjukdom. Covid-19 pandemin har medfört en försämring av den psykiska hälsan till följd av förändrade levnadsvanor på grund av restriktionerna för att minska smittspridningen och konsekvenserna kan påverka individer i flera år framåt. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att identifiera vilka riskfaktorer som påverkar barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa negativt under covid-19 pandemin. Metod: Denna studie är en tematisk litteraturstudie och artiklar har framtagits med hjälp av databaserna Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Directory of Open Accsess Journals, MEDLINE EBSCO, PubMed och SpringerLink. Resultat: Fyra riskfaktorer identifierades ”fysisk inaktivitet”, ”ökad skärmtid”, ”våld i hemmet/föräldrars alkoholmissbruk” samt ”isolation/social distansering”. Även socioekonomiska faktorer utmärkte sig som betydande för psykisk ohälsa samt att flickor var särskilt utsatta för psykisk ohälsa under pandemin. Slutsats: Covid-19 pandemin har påverkat barn och ungdomars psykiska hälsa negativt, restriktionerna har medfört att smittspridningen minskat, dock till en bekostnad av en ökad psykisk ohälsa. Fler studier på ämnet behövs för att utforska vilka ytterligare konsekvenser covid-19 pandemin har fått på folkhälsan då forskningsområdet är relativt outforskat.Introduction: Mental illness in children and adolescents continues to increase and has become a major societal problem. The prevalence and high burden makes mental illness apublic health disease. The covid-19 pandemic has led to deterioration in mental health due to changes in lifestyles due to restrictions to reduce the spread of infection. Consequences of these restrictions can affect individuals for years to come. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors that have a negative impact on children and adolescent's mental health during the covid-19 pandemics. Methods: This study was a thematic literature study and articles has been selected from the databases Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Directory of Open Accsess Journals, MEDLINE EBSCO, PubMed och SpringerLink. Conclusion: The covid-19 has had a negative effect on the mental health of children and adolescents and covid-19 restrictions have led to a reduction in the spread of the infection but at the expense of increased mental illness. More studies on the subject are needed to explore the additional consequences
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Chung, Chia-Ling Chung. "Factors associated with mental health service utilization among young adults with mental illness." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1499248494469518.
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Hipwell, Michele. "Models of health enhancing and illness provoking factors in mental health." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2005. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7351.
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The aim of this study is to increase understanding about the causes of dysphoria, depression and anxiety by identifying the psychological factors that predict the development or protect the individual from developing mental health problems. A quantitative study, it is conducted over a period of a year and utilises a 3 wave observational longitudinal cohort design to investigate the relationship between the psychological variables and processes leading to mental health or ill health in a community group of female undergraduate students (N=183). Data is collected at 6 montly intervals for a period of a year from 183 female students. The participants are first year undergraduate students at a college of higher education. Characteristics from the students are collected using a battery of paper and pencil self report questionnaires in a group administration for the first wave of data and two postal questionnaires for follow up. Conceptual models are developed and tested statistically using structural equation modelling to explore the relationship between the elements identified for each model retrospectively and prospectively over a period of 12 months. Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses are conducted for anxiety and depression separately. The elements of the models include positive and negative life events and protective and vulnerability factors for depression and dysphoria. Results from the cross-sectional and logitudinal analysis demonstrate that psychological factors have a significant effect on the development of depression and anxiety, with illness provoking factors explaining between 33-55% of the variance of depression in longitudinal analyses and 59-42% of the variance in cross-sectional analyses. They explain 45-57% of the variance in anxiety in longitudinal analyses and 28-50% in cross-sectional analyses. Health enhancing factors explain 18-19% of the variance in deprssion in longitudinal analyses and 47-49% of the variance in cross-sectional analyses. They explain 15-20% of the variance in anxiety in longitudinal analyses and 12-=20% of the variance in cross-sectional analyses. Health enhancing and illness provoking characteristics for depression and anxiety are identified in this study. They include enduring personality characteristics, cognitive styles and coping strategies and act as predictors for mental health outcomes or mediate or moderate the relationship between predictors and mental health outcomes.
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Baranek, Katie D. "Mental health courts do certain factors influence the decision outcome of acceptance or rejection? /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564020771&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mitchell, Melanie. "No idle threat: Precursors to action in threateners with mental illness." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180839/1/Melanie_Mitchell_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined threats of violence made by persons with mental illness and in particular, who acts on violent threats and who does not. Threats were common occurrences and 55% per cent of threateners went on to be violent. Several predictors of violence were identified, including younger age, intellectual impairment and active mood and/or psychotic symptoms. Methods for preventing, identifying and managing threat-related violence were explored. This research has practical implications for those working in mental health settings and those supporting people who have a mental illness and make threats of violence.
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Milby, John D. "Preempting mass murder: improving law enforcement risk assessments of persons with mental illness." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45227.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedAcross the United States, mass murder events have been on the rise for nearly a decade. This thesis found that persons with serious mental illness perpetrated a statistically significant number of these events. Currently, law enforcement agencies are often the first—and in many communities the only resource—available to assist and assess mentally ill persons in crisis. This thesis investigated the current state of law enforcement training as it relates to assessing dangerousness and the risk for violence among persons with serious mental illness. It found that there is very little training and no risk assessment tool or guide currently available to assist law enforcement officers tasked with assessing mentally ill persons for dangerousness. Subsequently, this thesis examined alternative methods and models for assessing risk, including clinical violence risk assessments, and it conducted summary case studies. These included cases in which mentally ill persons committed acts of mass murder and cases where law enforcement successfully intervened and prevented mentally ill persons from carrying out planned violence. As a result of this research and analysis, a field risk assessment guide has been developed and recommended for adoption to aid law enforcement officers in assessing the dangerousness of mentally ill persons.
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Ryan, Anthony Eugene Stephen. "Risk perceptions associated with mental illness and the risk management strategies of service users and informal carers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322339.
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Scicchitano, Janice Patricia. "Identification and management of somatization in the primary care setting, in terms of illness behaviour and risk of psychiatric illness." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs416.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 233-306. A study of the phenomenon of somatization as it occurs in the primary care setting. The phenomenon was studied in terms of aspects of illness behaviour and risk of psychiatric morbidity. It is suggested that abnormal illness behaviour in the form of somatization may be an important factor in the non-recognition of mild non-psychotic psychiatric illness in the primary care setting. The results of the study indicate that an assessment of the patients' attitudes and beliefs about symptoms, and an exploration of psychosocial issues, may lead to a better understanding of why the patients have sought help, and may lead to early identification and appropriate treatment of somatizing behaviour and the psychiatric morbidity underlying such behaviour.
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Witt, Katrina Gisela. "Risk factors for violence in psychosis : meta-analysis and Cox regression analyses investigating the association of established and novel risk factors for violence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5c88613-9a34-4ad9-82a7-62202af7407b.
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Current treatment practice guidelines in a number of countries mandate the assessment of violence risk in all patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Although more than 100 different instruments have been developed to facilitate the assessment of violence risk, few have been specifically validated for use in those with schizophrenia. Recent work instead suggests that these instruments are typically associated with lower predictive validity in samples with schizophrenia when compared to that achieved in diagnostically heterogeneous samples, leading to concerns that these instruments omit risk factors that may be specific to the prediction of violence risk in this population. The present thesis therefore aimed to investigate the predictive validity of a number of risk factors for violence in those with schizophrenia. Firstly, to identify key risk factors for violence, a meta-analysis was undertaken, finding that although a number of criminal history risk factors are strongly associated with violence risk, nonetheless a number of risk factors rarely assessed by existing violence risk assessment instruments were significantly associated with violence in those with schizophrenia; most notably a history of attempted suicide. Results of this review also suggested that although the criminal history domain is most strongly associated with violence risk, nonetheless, there is considerable variability in the magnitude of association for the individual risk factors. Study two therefore aimed to investigate this variability and found that a history of violence was most strongly associated with subsequent violence. Study three aimed to identify whether suicidal behaviour, which has rarely been considered risk factors for violence in previous work, incrementally contributes to the prediction of violence. A simple risk model composed of young age, comorbid substance use disorder, previous violence, and a history of suicidal threats, explained as much predictive validity, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, as established risk assessment instruments such as the HCR–20, LSI–R, PCL–R, and VRAG. Current risk assessment approaches may therefore need revision in light of these findings.
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Joseph, Cesar Margolite. "Poverty Rate and Occurrence of Foodborne Illness Risk Factors in Retail Facilities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4926.
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Despite the efforts of food safety regulations and rules, food contamination remains a public health concern and prevalent vehicle of pathogens. This study identifies the predictors of food risk in different types of food establishments in Miami Dade County, Florida during the period November 2014 - November 2016. Guided by the epidemiologic triangle model, this correlational study analyzed the log number of risk factor violations and failure rates controlling for US Census sociodemographic data (2010 to 2014) for the food establishment neighborhoods by using linear and logistic regression. Results indicated that most of food entity types are significant predictors of risk violations. Among all the significant predictor food establishments, grocery stores (b = 2.877. p < 0.001) had a higher increase in violations. For the demographic variables, the only significant variable was the number of single parent households (B = .001, p = 0.022). The result reveals a significant association between food entity types and failing inspection (p < 0.005). Among all the entity types, convenience store with significant food service and/or packaged ice (22.2 %) have the highest percentage fail rate within inspection rate outcome. Findings indicate that a risk-based approach to food risk factor violations frequency could reduce the number of violations, particularly in convenience and grocery stores with the most violations and failing rate.
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Baker, Frank W. Jr. "Mental Toughness: Effect on Factors Associated with Injury and Illness in Adolescent Athletes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407271208.
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Crowley, Sarah. "Recognising and responding to suicide risk in a community mental health setting." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13930/.
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Despite the number of best practice guidelines for working with those at risk of suicide, there remains a paucity of research pertaining to the realities of clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a grounded theory of how clinicians respond to those at risk of suicide in UK community mental health settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven members of staff including social workers, nurses, psychologists, psychiatrists and occupational therapists. A theory grounded in the resulting data was developed. Results: Anxiety, uncertainty and practitioners’ perceived responsibility for preventing suicide influenced their attributions in relation to a client’s distress. Findings indicated that clinicians most often attributed low responsibility to clients for both the cause and the solution. Therefore, clinicians sought solutions to suicidal presentations within services, rather than attending to contextual or environmental ‘triggers’ to offer a resolution, potentially increasing dependency on services. Feeling supported and an environment of psychological safety enhanced professionals’ capacity to tolerate the uncertainty inherent in this work which allowed professionals to ‘hand the responsibility back’. This highlights the importance of services creating an environment of psychological safety in order for clinicians to tolerate the uncertainty of working with those who present with suicide risk.
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Mak, Kin-ming. "Emergency psychiatric attendance in a Hong Kong hospital : a local experience in understanding factors associated with re-attendance /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3688635X.
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Beynon, Amber Morgan. "Early life illness factors as potential risk factors for back pain in adolescence and young adulthood." Thesis, Beynon, Amber Morgan (2021) Early life illness factors as potential risk factors for back pain in adolescence and young adulthood. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/61058/.
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Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting mainly adults but also children. Associations between chronic inflammatory conditions and low back pain have been found frequently in older populations. However, the nature of these relationships in younger populations is unknown.
The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate if early life illness factors such as childhood illnesses are risk factors for back pain in adolescence or young adulthood. Our plan involved three parts. Part 1: Literature reviews. Part 2: Analyses of longitudinal data from the Raine Study. Part 3: Analyses of longitudinal data from the CHAMPS Study-DK.
Through a two-part scoping review and a systematic review, we found that the most likely risk factors for incident back pain in young people are female sex, older age, psychological distress, and psychological features including emotional coping problems. Based on the findings of the Raine Study analyses we found that children with respiratory or atopic conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, and those with several chronic inflammatory conditions are at increased odds of impactful low back pain in adolescence and young adulthood. Based on the findings of the CHAMPS Study-DK we found there were limited associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and spinal pain in children and adolescents until the moderating role of health-related physical activity was considered. Furthermore, within both these young cohorts there did not appear to be any association between the inflammatory blood marker C-reactive protein and back pain.
We concluded that there is some evidence that early life illness factors are risk factors for back pain in young populations, but more evidence is needed to determine if this involves a causal relationship. There appears to be an association between cardiovascular disease risk factors and spinal pain, however this relationship is dependent on sex, age, and health-related physical activity behaviour.
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Aaron, Michele Suzanne. "Un/safe texts : 'madmen', masochists and the representation of self-endangerment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323788.
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Cross, Matthew. "Epidemiology and risk factors for injury and illness in male professional Rugby Union." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687386.
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This thesis investigates the epidemiology and risk factors for injury in professional Rugby Union with a view to informing injury reduction strategies. Over the last decade, concussion has rapidly become the principal player welfare issue faced by collision sports. Chapter 3 highlights the high and rising incidence of concussion in the professional game and suggests some possible reasons for the changing landscape regarding the reporting of concussion in professional Rugby Union. Given this high incidence, the findings from this study reinforce the importance of further understanding concerning the safe return to play following concussion. Therefore, chapter 4 explores the short and medium term clinical outcomes and return to play of players following a concussion. Players who reported a concussion had a 60% increase in injury risk following return to play when compared with players who did not sustain a concussion. Additionally, 38% of players reported a recurrence of symptoms or failed to match their baseline neurocognitive test score during the return to play protocol. Together, these findings highlight the need to explore an alternative (either a more conservative or different rehabilitation model) return to play pathway. Another prominent player welfare issue in elite Rugby Union is the management of match and training load. Chapter 5 of this thesis was the first study to investigate the training load-injury relationship in professional Rugby Union. Players had an increased risk of injury if they had high one-week cumulative or large week-to-week changes in load. Furthermore, a ‘U-shaped’ relationship was observed for four-week cumulative loads, with an apparent increase in risk associated with lower/higher loads and intermediate loads appeared beneficial in reducing injury risk in this setting. Finally, it has been suggested that the impact of illness on an athlete’s ability to participate can be as significant as that of injury. Chapter 6 provides the first study to investigate the epidemiology of time-loss illness in English professional Rugby Union. Although the burden of illness is significantly less than injury, the high severity and seasonal clustering of illness in this cohort clearly highlights the need for the continued surveillance of illness in this setting. Despite rugby being a collision sport with a primary focus on conditioning and performance, this research programme clearly highlights the potential for modifying existing practice in order to reduce injury risk. Conversely, injuries such as concussion are difficult to prevent without substantial law change, making the practical recommendations put forward in this thesis with reference to possible improvements in the management of players following concussion vital to consider.
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Griffith, David Morgan. "Persisting inflammation after critical illness : prevalence, risk factors and association with physical recovery." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23955.
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Introduction: Survivors of critical illness suffer physical, psychological, and social problems. The factors hindering recovery and the best rehabilitation interventions remain illusive. Critical illness is associated with inflammation that persists in some individuals and this might affect recovery. The hypotheses for the thesis are 1. Persistent inflammation is common after critical illness. 2. Persistent inflammation is associated with functional recovery. 3. Persistent inflammation is associated with critical illness-induced viral reactivation. 4. Biomarkers may help predict functional disability. The main part of the project was based on 197 of the 240 patients enrolled in the RECOVER trial who also consented to take part in an inflammation sub study. Systematic Review. Aims: Prevalence of systemic inflammation in ICU survivors; association of inflammation with physical recovery. 7433 references identified. 208 full text articles were reviewed. 57 were eligible. 22 studies included the relevant data. CRP at ICU discharge was elevated ( > 10mg/L) in most cases (70% of mixed medical/surgical patients and 100% of severe sepsis survivors). Lower CRP observed in trauma patients (23mg/L), VAP (46mg/L), > 6 days in ICU (45mg/L), and medical ICU patients (36mg/L). CRP was higher in sepsis (107mg/L) and surgical ICU patients (99mg/L). IL-6, TNF-a, and PCT were elevated in most patients at ICU discharge. Ninety percent of acute COPD exacerbations admitted to ICU had elevated CRP at hospital discharge and 43% general adult ICU patients fulfilled SIRS criteria 3 days after ICU discharge. Anaemic ICU survivors had elevated CRP and IL-6 at 6 months. There were no studies that measured both inflammation and physical function after ICU discharge. Association of inflammation with functional outcome after critical illness. Aims: Prevalence of inflammation in heterogeneous ICU cohort, association of CRP with Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and other outcome measures at 3 months. At ICU discharge, 173 patients (94%) had elevated serum CRP with a median concentration of 27 (11-60) mg/L. At hospital discharge 169 patients (90%) had elevated CRP with a median concentration of 21 (8-42) mg/L, At 3 months 72 patients (59%) had elevated CRP with a median concentration of 4 (1-12) mg/L. CRP was associated with RMI (p < 0.01), and percentage of predicted handgrip strength (HGS) (p=0.03) at 3 months. CMV infection, systemic inflammation and the post ICU syndrome. Aims: Prevalence of active and latent CMV at ICU discharge; association between CMV, inflammation, and recovery. 115 patients (62.8%) had latent CMV. 13 (11.4%) had active CMV (11.4% of those with prior CMV and 7.2% of ICU survivors). Active CMV associated with longer hospital length of stay (57 days v 28 days p=0.016), poorer baseline physical function (HGS 12 v 16 p=0.032; RMI 1 v 2 p=0.018). At 3 months, patients with latent CMV infection had higher CRP (5.4 v 2.8mg/L p=0.06), higher HNE (118 v 91.3 pg/mL p < 0.00), lower TGF β (9.2 v 11.4 ng/mL p=0.01), and were slower on 2 min timed up and go test (p=0.03). Active CMV infection at ICU discharge was not associated with inflammation or physical function at 3 months. Prediction of physical disability after ICU discharge. Aims: To identify risk factors for poor physical function; to derive a prognostic index to identify for poor functional outcome. Age, Functional Comorbidity Index, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile, CMV IgG status, ventilator days, baseline RMI, physical component of SGA, CRP, and SLPI met statistical criteria for consideration in the multivariable models. 2 linear multivariable models with reasonable fit (R2=0.175; 0.193) were constructed. AUCs were 0.759 for the clinical model and 0.725 for the model incorporating biochemical markers. The models did not perform any better than a baseline assessment of mobility (RMI).
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Harris, Jovan. "Risk Factors and Food-Borne Illness: An Analysis of Restaurant Violations in Georgia." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/585.
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Restaurant managers complete certification in food safety in order to ensure that food is handled and prepared in a manner that decreases risk factors associated with food-borne illness. However, the literature has been inconclusive concerning the connection between manager certification and the incidence of critical food-safety violations. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between the presence or absence of a certified food safety manager (CFSM) and the number of risk factors cited on food inspection reports and the food safety score. In addition, this study was designed to determine whether operation type (i.e., chain vs. independently owned) has an impact on the number of risk factors and food safety score. This study was an analysis of 2013 data from 1,547 restaurants in North, Central, and South Georgia health districts using a 2-tailed independent-sample t test. Restaurants with a CFSM had significantly more risk factors cited on food safety inspections and lower food safety scores than restaurants without a CFSM. There was also a significant difference among chain and independent restaurants. Chain restaurants had fewer risk factors cited on restaurant inspections and had higher food safety scores. In the epidemiological triangle model, breaking the chain of transmission disrupts the link among agent, host, and environment. Thus, CFSMs have the responsibility to implement food safety training programs to break the chain of transmission by identifying and correcting unsafe food practices among food workers. This study has the potential to assist managers in understanding the importance of food safety and implementing food safety training programs that decrease risk factors associated with food-borne illness. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of manager certification in reducing critical violations.
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Jenkinson, Crispin. "Social and psychological factors affecting the impact of painful chronic illness upon mental health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c6e33c7-4931-435c-bd60-d3958866087a.
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This thesis is a report of a study on patients suffering one of two painful chronic illnesses (rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or migraine), and attempts to discover possible determinants of psychological reactions to long term painful illness. One hundred and sixty chronically ill individuals were interviewed, (80 migraine and 80 RA sufferers). In keeping with other evidence, the extent of psychological disturbance was found to be higher for chronically ill individuals than for general population samples. There were no zero order correlations between reported pain and psychological distress. Age and length of suffering have often been cited as possible factors influencing mood state, but no evidence was found for this in the data gained in this survey. The results provide no evidence for the use of coping strategies as a method of adapting to the demands of the painful chronic illnesses studied here. Beliefs in control over illness have been posited as possible factors that may influence psychological state, and were measured in this research using a health locus of control scale. However locus of control scores were not found to be associated with mood state, although, in keeping with other research, scores were found to be associated with age and social class, with both lower social class and older sufferers scoring higher on externality than those from higher social classes, or whom were younger. The strongest association was found between aspects of subjective health status and mood state. The major finding of this study is that patients assessment of their own health state, in both illnesses, is the major factor associated with psychological state.
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Hull, Doyle E. "Factors in Lay Diagnoses of Mental Illness: Closeness of Relationship and "De-Satisficing" Events." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625552.
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