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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental-health classification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Jacob, K. S., and Vikram Patel. "Classification of mental disorders: a global mental health perspective." Lancet 383, no. 9926 (April 2014): 1433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62382-x.

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Gupta, Daksh, Aashay Markale, and Rishabh Kulkarni. "Mental Health Quantifier." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e2694.0610521.

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The definition of mental disorders describes them as “health conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking or behavior or a combination of these”. Contemporary societies of 2020 still fall short in recognizing some of the most common afflictions as actual problems in people. Some of those are depression, anxiety and stress disorders. This paper proposes a Machine Learning based approach wherein the analysis of the multiple-choice inputs along with a neatly curated questionnaire based on feature extraction will be done and then supervised classification algorithms will be used to generate a mental health score as well as a detailed report based on responses the user gives.

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3

Yihai, Wei. "DEVELOPMENT OF A CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR MENTAL HEALTH." Young Scholars Journal, no. 5-6 (2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/ysj-22-5.6-12-18.

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4

Ahamat, Boolang R., and Helen Minnis. "Infant mental health: classification and relevance for clinicians." Psychiatrist 36, no. 6 (June 2012): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.033969.

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SummaryInfant mental health is a growing research area, but findings have not generally translated into new service developments. Recognising mental health problems in young infants is relevant for clinicians in all mental health specialties, but it can be a particular challenge to make diagnoses in very young children. Mental health classification systems are fraught with the difficulties of standardising diagnoses for infants, while trying to provide a clinically useful and relevant framework. The diagnostic classification DC:0–3 appears to have strengths, for example, a clear space to consider relationship disorders, and therefore encouraging a broad assessment of the child and family. More information is beginning to gather regarding infant mental health services around the world and assessment of this patient group in clinical practice. This commentary aims to help inform clinicians about this developing field.

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Grassi, Gaddomaria. "Mental Health Department accreditation. Classification and assessment criteria." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 13, no. 2 (June 2004): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00003353.

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SummaryAims – To compare different accreditation categories in Italy and to suggest some criteria to assess them. Methods – The A. compare specific characteristics of different model of normative and professional accreditation and suggest some criteria to distinguish different type of accreditation programme and to assess quality and usefulness of an accreditation programme. Results and Conclusions – Different types of accreditation are attributed to some basic criteria: voluntary/by law, high/low stan- dard, assessment object. Criteria to assess the usefulness are: check list accuracy, support to quality improvement, documental bur- den, services impact.

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Wetzel, Janice Wood. "Universal Mental Health Classification Systems: Reclaiming Women's Experience." Affilia 6, no. 3 (October 1991): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088610999100600302.

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7

Šablevičius, M. "Taxonomic classification of mental disorders." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1138.

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Introduction DSM-5, ICD-10, and ICD-11 classifications can be described as „incoherent“. Psychopathology depends on “time of damage and resilience” ratio. Continuums of mental disorders compose a table, like a periodic table of chemical elements. Similar psychopathology can have different neurobiological origin, and vice versa. Objectives Current classifications of mental disorders ICD-10, DSM-5, as well as the new ICD-11 being developed, do not show interrelations in pathogenesis between groups of mental disorders. This is a weak point of these classifications, although they serve a good purpose in relation to medical statistics and encoding requirements. Methods Taxonomic classification of mental disorders proposed in this empirical study reveals interrelations between diagnostic categories of mental disorders. Classification as an object of this empirical study is initially developed on author’s observation of psychopathology in clinical practice. It also relies on scientific data of genetics and neurobiology of mental disorders. Results The classification is based on two axes system. First axis reflects the time of damage of neural tissue in specific stage, i.e. neuron body genesis, neuron growths genesis, synaptic pruning or further neural information modeling. The second axis is connected with resilience. The two axes system includes in one continuum and connects into one classification table ( Figure 1) almost all diagnostic groups from ICD-10 or DSM-5 (with two exclusions: “organic” type mental disorders and pathology of myelination process). Conclusions This empirically derived concept of classification could be used in clinical practice in differential diagnosis, discovering heterogeneities in patients with same diagnostic “code”, planning treatment strategies, predicting course of mental disorders. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Suli, Anastas, Ledia Lazëri, and Livia Nano. "Mental health services in Albania." International Psychiatry 1, no. 4 (April 2004): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600006731.

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Albania, situated in the western Balkans, has an area of 28 748 km2 and a population of 3 069 275 (year 2001), almost one-third of whom are aged 0–14 years. Life expectancy is estimated to be 70.4 years for both sexes (World Health Organization, 2003a). According to the World Health Organization's classification, Albania is a country with low child and low adult mortality rates. The nation's total expenditure on health in 2001 amounted to 3.7% of gross domestic product.

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Keeley, Jared W. "Accounting for Social Processes in the Development of Diagnostic Classification Systems: Commentary on the “Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice”." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167818788494.

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Diagnostic classifications of mental disorders are complex systems that integrate both scientific and social priorities. The Task Force on Developing Humanistic Approaches to Psychological Diagnosis of the Society for Humanistic Psychology has released a set of guidelines intended to guide the development of mental health classifications. This commentary argues that the attention paid in the guidelines to social processes is a desirable and inherent component of the development of any classification. Social influences regarding the definition of the concepts and the processes by which people develop them are integrally intertwined, contrary to the common view that nonscientific factors should be excluded from classification systems as much as possible. These guidelines offer a much needed resource for developing future mental health classifications.

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10

Sartorius, N. "How many categories do we need?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800284514.

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Abstract of presentation by Prof. N. Sartorius.The presentation will discuss the dependence of the classification of mental disorders on its use. While scientists searching for causes of mental disorders or assessing the effectiveness of a new treatment will need highly homogenous groups of people showing a particular well defined syndrome, practicing clinicians will wish to limit the number of categories in a classification of mental disorders to a level which makes a difference in treatment or management. The World Health Organization has recognized this difference in need and preference and produced in the framework of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of diseases (ICD) a classification of mental disorders in three versions–a version for practicing psychiatrists, a version for use in scientific investigations and a version for use in primary health care. The three versions were translatable (“telescoped”) into each other. The field tests of the three versions of the classification demonstrated that they are easy to use, can be used reliably and fit the syndromes usually encountered in health care services. These findings further supported the Sir Aubrey Lewis’ proposal to accept the division of classifications into a public and several (or many) private versions translatable into each other.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Sartorius, N. "Ethical Issues Arising in Revising Classifications of Mental Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70333-5.

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The classification of mental disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) will be revised in the course of the next three years and its publication (as the 11th Revision of the ICD) will be published, after the approval of the World Health Assembly in 2014. In parallel, the American Psychiatric Association created a Task Force which has begun work on the proposals for the revision of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual which is to be published as the DSM 5th Revision, in 2012. The World Health Organization has established a special advisory group that should assist it in developing proposals for the classification of mental disorders for the 11th Revision of the ICD and this group collaborates closely with the APA Task Force creating the DSM5 proposals.Numerous ethical issues arise in this process and need to be discussed now so as to inform the process of agreeing on the proposals for the new classifications. They include the importance of an internationally accepted classification as a protection against abuses of psychiatric patients; the need to set the threshold for the diagnosis of a mental disorder at a level ensuring that people with such disorders receive help, the need to avoid imposition of diagnostic systems or categories without sufficient evidence and others. The presentation will briefly discuss the process of constructing the proposals for the new classifications and ways in which the groups established by the WHO and the APA handle these ethical questions.

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Tran, Nam, Jeffrey W. Poss, Christopher Perlman, and John P. Hirdes. "Case-Mix Classification for Mental Health Care in Community Settings: A Scoping Review." Health Services Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863291986224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632919862248.

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As mental health care transitions from facility-based care to community-based services, methods to classify patients in terms of their expected health care resource use are an essential tool to balance the health care needs and equitable allocation of health care resources. This study performed a scoping review to summarize the nature, extent, and range of research on case-mix classifications used to predict mental health care resource use in community settings. This study identified 17 eligible studies with 32 case-mix classification systems published since the 1980s. Most of these studies came from the USA Veterans Affairs and Medicare systems, and the most recent studies came from Australia. There were a wide variety of choices of input variables and measures of resource use. However, much of the variance in observed resource use was not accounted for by these case-mix systems. The research activity specific to case-mix classification for community mental health care was modest. More consideration should be given to the appropriateness of the input variables, resource use measure, and evaluation of predictive performance. Future research should take advantage of testing case-mix systems developed in other settings for community mental health care settings, if possible.

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13

Stone, Louise, Elizabeth Waldron, and Heather Nowak. "Making a good mental health diagnosis: Science, art and ethics." Australian Journal of General Practice 49, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-08-20-5606.

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Background There are limitations to psychiatric classification, which affects the utility of diagnosis in general practice. Objective The aim of this article is to explore the principles of science, art and ethics to create clinically useful psychiatric diagnoses in general practice. Discussion Psychiatric classification systems provide useful constructs for clinical practice and research. Evidence-based treatments are based on the classification of mental illnesses. However, while classification is necessary, it is not sufficient to provide a full understanding of ‘what is going on’. A good psychiatric diagnosis will also include a formulation, which provides an understanding of the psychosocial factors that provide a context for illness. Experiences such as trauma and marginalisation will change the illness experience but also provide other forms of evidence that shape therapy. Diagnoses also carry ethical implications, including stigma and changes in self‑concept. The science, art and ethics of diagnosis need to be integrated to provide a complete assessment.

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14

SHIVANGI, JAIN, and GANGWAR MOHIT. "A MINING ANALYSIS OVER PSYCHIATRIC DATABASE FOR MENTAL HEALTH CLASSIFICATION." i-manager's Journal on Computer Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcom.5.1.13792.

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15

De Jong, A. "Development of the International Classification of Mental Health Care (ICMHC)." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 102 (October 2000): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0902-4441.2000.acp28--04.x.

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de Jong, A. "Development of the International Classification of Mental Health Care (ICMHC)." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 102, Supplement 405 (October 2000): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0902-4441.2000.acp28[dash]04.x.

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17

Johnson, S., and L. Salvador-Carulla. "Description and classification of mental health services: a European perspective." European Psychiatry 13, no. 7 (November 1998): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80699-3.

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SummaryWhilst steady progress has been made in the development and dissemination of valid and reliable instruments for evaluation of patient outcomes, progress in establishing standard methodologies for description and classification of mental health services has been limited. Valid and reliable methods of describing and classifying services are needed in mental health services research for purposes including; i) comparison of levels of provision between catchment areas and countries; ii) reaching an understanding of the relationship between socio-demographic indicators and service use; iii) investigation of the degree to which one service may be substituted for another; iv) evaluating programme implementation; and v) understanding why different outcomes are observed from apparently similar treatment programmes. Where programmes of research encompass different countries, the need for methods of comparing the local service contexts is particularly acute. In this paper, the various contributions which have been made to the somewhat fragmented body of research in this area are reviewed, and the problems which have hampered the development of satisfactory instruments are discussed. A set of criteria for satisfactory service measurement methodologies is proposed: these include development of standard nomenclature and operational definitions of service types; clear demonstration of validity and reliability; comprehensiveness; and applicability and similar interpretation in a range of countries.

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18

Mahapatra, Prabhat. "Classification under Mental Health Act 1983 and consent to treatment." Psychiatric Bulletin 27, no. 10 (October 2003): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095560360000324x.

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Mahapatra, Prabhat. "Classification under Mental Health Act 1983 and consent to treatment." Psychiatric Bulletin 27, no. 10 (October 2003): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.27.10.395.

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20

Moore, Stephanie A., Erin Dowdy, Karen Nylund-Gibson, and Michael J. Furlong. "An Empirical Approach to Complete Mental Health Classification in Adolescents." School Mental Health 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12310-019-09311-7.

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21

Eaton, Nicholas R. "Measurement and mental health disparities: Psychopathology classification and identity assessment." Personality and Mental Health 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1449.

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22

Bouch, Joe. "Classification." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.16.1.1.

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23

Ouliaris, Calina. "Considering context: lessons from global mental health." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219889318.

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Objective: The development of international mental health has been characterised by the globalisation of Western psychiatric nosology that is arguably ill-suited to developing countries. This piece highlights the limitations of our current classification systems and explores how we may seek to overcome these limitations by considering the context in which symptoms present. Conclusion: In developing a global model of psychiatric illnesses, it is important to emphasise contextual value judgements. Doing so welcomes integration of traditional models of care and encourages partnership across nations.

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24

Zhang, Feng, Kaylee Litson, and David F. Feldon. "Social predictors of doctoral student mental health and well-being." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): e0274273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274273.

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Graduate students’ mental health and well-being is a prominent concern across various disciplines. However, early predictors of mental health and well-being in graduate education, specifically doctoral education, have rarely been studied. The present study evaluated both the underlying latent classification of individuals’ mental well-being and predictors of those classifications. Results estimated two latent classes of students’ mental health and well-being: one class with generally high levels of mental well-being and one with lower levels of mental well-being. Regression analyses showed that mentoring in the second year of doctoral study, certainty of choice in the third year, and both academic development and sense of belonging in the fourth year were positive predictors of membership in the higher mental well-being class. In contrast to some prior studies, demographic variables were not related to the identified well-being classifications. Regression analyses further showed that mental well-being was negatively related to participants’ number of publications and research self-efficacy, indicating a problematic relationship between scholarly productivity and confidence and well-being. These findings may be used to identify and provide targeted support for students who are at-risk for having or developing lower levels of mental well-being in their graduate programs.

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Berg, Ian. "Absence from School and Mental Health." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 2 (August 1992): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.2.154.

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Severe school attendance problems, which once commanded a great deal of attention in child and adolescent psychiatry, have fallen from favour and are increasingly viewed as varieties of social impairment which may accompany disorders such as anxiety disturbances in the case of school refusal and conduct disturbances in the case of truancy. It is argued that this relegation of school attendance difficulties may have gone too far. As presenting complaints, albeit sometimes masked by apparent physical illness, they still have much to recommend them as indicators of a wide variety of present and future problems: educational, social, family, legal, medical, and, last but not least, psychiatric. Prevalence, features, causative factors, outcome, and management are discussed. Particular attention is paid to DSM and ICD classification. Gaps in present knowledge are indicated.

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Harrington, Richard. "Diagnostic classification systems." Psychiatry 4, no. 6 (June 2005): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/psyt.4.6.10.66356.

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Harrington, Richard. "Diagnostic classification systems." Psychiatry 7, no. 6 (June 2008): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2008.04.006.

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Snowden, Austyn. "Classification of schizophrenia. Part 2: the nonsense of mental health illness." British Journal of Nursing 18, no. 20 (November 2009): 1228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2009.18.20.45113.

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Cuthbert, Bruce, and Thomas Insel. "Classification issues in women’s mental health: clinical utility and etiological mechanisms." Archives of Women's Mental Health 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2010): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-009-0132-z.

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Nakamura, Eunice, Maëlle Planche, and Alain Ehrenberg. "The social aspects in the identification of children’s mental health problems in two health services in Paris, France." Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação 22, no. 65 (June 22, 2017): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-57622016.0911.

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Children’s mental health problems were analyzed from a sociological approach addressing two questions: what are the main children’s behaviors identified and considered to be mental health problems, and what are the consequences of this classification for the debate on children’s problems in contemporary societies. This quantitative and qualitative study analyzed 275 patients’ records from two child mental health services (CMHS) in the northeast area of Paris, France. The majority of children were boys from six to 11 years old; requests were presented mainly by schools and parents; the main problems were behavioural problems, cognitive difficulties and relational problems (boys), and affective or emotional problems (girls). There is an interdependence of a great number of actors who worry about children’s behavior and a system of expectations seems to be collectively woven by them as social classifications.

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Bramley, Michelle, Karen Peasley, Lisa Langtree, and Kerry Innes. "The ICD-10-AM Mental Health Manual: An Integrated Classification and Diagnostic Tool for Community-Based Mental Health Services." Health Information Management 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830203000402.

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Goodfellow, Benjamin, Kairi Kõlves, and Diego De Leo. "Contemporary Classifications of Suicidal Behaviors." Crisis 41, no. 3 (May 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000622.

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Abstract. Background: The absence of agreed-upon terminology, definitions, and operational classifications has hampered research in the field of suicidology for many decades. Aims and Method: We systematically reviewed contemporary classifications of suicidal behavior using the scope of the classification (comprehensive vs. restricted or single behaviors), and the presence or absence of a classification scheme and an operational definition of intent as features to enable analysis and comparison. Results: A chronological perspective shows that classification systems tend to be more and more precise and operational for clinical and research field work. However, on an international level, the development of classifications appears to precede the establishment of agreed-upon definitions and terms to describe suicidal behavior. Limitations: The review was conducted in English only. Conclusion: Universal agreement on definitions and terms for suicidal behavior should precede the development of classifications.

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R., Manasa. "Framework for Thought to Text Classification." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201707.

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Zhou, Lin, and Wenjun An. "Data Classification of Mental Health and Personality Evaluation Based on Network Deep Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9251598.

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In real life, people are at a risk of encountering various negative emotions all the time, and in the case of long-term negative emotions, it is easy to fall into a state of depression. However, in the current mental health system, the diagnosis of the depressive state of a client usually requires a doctor or a consultant to conduct face-to-face or video consultation with the client, which is time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt IT for mental health monitoring and personality data analysis. In order to achieve better results in identifying the students’ mental health problems, this paper attempts to use multiple data sources, proposes an algorithm for identifying mental health problems based on multiple data sources, and uses the data on students’ mental states provided in psychology as labels to improve the shortcomings brought about by the questionnaire approach. To further optimise the model identification results, this paper proposes a mental health problem identification algorithm based on the DeepPsy model. A 2D-CNN was used to extract the online pattern of a day, an LSTM network was used to capture the temporal dependency between days, and a deep learning network was designed to combine the underlying features with the online trajectory pattern. Experiments showed an accuracy of 0.71, a recall of 0.75, and an F1-Measure of 0.72, and were able to identify 75% of students with mental health problems.

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Janca, A., and N. Sartorius. "The World Health Organization's recent work on the lexicography of mental disorders." European Psychiatry 10, no. 7 (1995): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80331-2.

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SummaryStandardization of nomenclature and terminology used in the field of mental health has been one of the main goals of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Mental Health Programme among recent activities undertaken to achieve this goal, is the development of definition and guidelines accompanying the chapter dealing with mental disorders in the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and of a set of instruments for the assessment of mental disorders. To enhance common understanding and uniformity of usage of the terms embedded in the classification and instruments and to facilitate their use in different cultures and settings, a series of lexica and glossaries has also been produced by WHO. The article describes the basic characteristics of the Lexicon of psychiatric and mental health terms, 2nd edition; Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms; Lexicon of crosscultural terms in mental health; SCAN glossary; and the ICD-10 symptom glossary for mental disorders.

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Ounachad, Khalid, Mohamed Oualla, Abdelalim Sadiq, and Abdelghani Sohar. "Face Sketch Recognition: Gender Classification and Recognition." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 03 (February 18, 2020): 1073–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr200860.

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Berkinovich, Ergashev Urolbek. "Classification of Philosophical Sciences of Ahmad Tashkoprizade." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 3530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr2020369.

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Alarcón, Renato D. "Global Mental Health and systems of diagnostic classification: clinical and cultural perspectives." Acta bioethica 22, no. 1 (June 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s1726-569x2016000100003.

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Sudin, S. A. "Civil Society Organizations in the Field of Mental Health: Attempt of Classification." Sociology. Politology 16, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2016-16-2-165-169.

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Guggenheim, Frederick G. "Public Health Aspects of Diagnosis and Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74, no. 07 (July 15, 2013): e664. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.13bk08586.

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Rivas, Ryan, Moloud Shahbazi, Renee Garett, Vagelis Hristidis, and Sean Young. "Mental Health–Related Behaviors and Discussions Among Young Adults: Analysis and Classification." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): e17224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17224.

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Background There have been recurring reports of web-based harassment and abuse among adolescents and young adults through anonymous social networks. Objective This study aimed to explore discussions on the popular anonymous social network Yik Yak related to social and mental health messaging behaviors among college students, including cyberbullying, to provide insights into mental health behaviors on college campuses. Methods From April 6, 2016, to May 7, 2016, we collected anonymous conversations posted on Yik Yak at 19 universities in 4 different states and performed statistical analyses and text classification experiments on a subset of these messages. Results We found that prosocial messages were 5.23 times more prevalent than bullying messages. The frequency of cyberbullying messages was positively associated with messages seeking emotional help. We found significant geographic variation in the frequency of messages offering supportive vs bullying messages. Across campuses, bullying and political discussions were positively associated. We also achieved a balanced accuracy of over 0.75 for most messaging behaviors and topics with a support vector machine classifier. Conclusions Our results show that messages containing data about students’ mental health–related attitudes and behaviors are prevalent on anonymous social networks, suggesting that these data can be mined for real-time analysis. This information can be used in education and health care services to better engage with students, provide insight into conversations that lead to cyberbullying, and reach out to students who need support.

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Jenkins, Rachel, Nigel Smeeton, Marshall Marinker, and Michael Shepherd. "A study of the classification of mental ill-health in general practice." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 2 (May 1985): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700023709.

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SynopsisAn outline is provided of an experimental study of the classification of mental ill-health presented to general practitioners (GPs). Videotaped real-life consultations were assessed by 27 GPs for the purpose. A high degree of inter-observer variation was recorded. Some of the implications of the findings are discussed.

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Ritchie, Karen. "The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: A Mental Health Perspective." International Psychogeriatrics 7, no. 1 (March 1995): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295001797.

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The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (the ICIDH) was developed in the 1970s as an extension of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It was developed principally to meet the criticisms of ICD users who thought that the ICD (a) did not sufficiently cover the impact of a given disease on an individual and the society in which he or she lived, and (b) was unable to describe the heterogeneity of the clinical expression of a disorder and the disorder's variable evolution in different individuals and societies. The ICIDH was first published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980 and is currently undergoing its first major revision. In this revision process, psychiatry is being given an important place in response to complaints of users that the ICIDH presently has limited application in the mental health field. In a brief discussion here, I would like to describe the role of the ICIDH in relation to mental health—and to psychogeriatrics in particular—drawing on a number of debates in which I have been involved over the past few years.

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Wright, Harry, George Holmes, Sandra Stader, Rosetta Penny, and Kristen Wieduwilt. "Psychiatric Diagnoses of Infants and Toddlers Referred to a Community Mental Health System." Psychological Reports 95, no. 2 (October 2004): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.2.495-503.

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There has been increased interest in improving mental health assessment and treatment of young children. However, there are limited data regarding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among infants and toddlers. The recent development of measures and classification systems that are specific to this age group has enabled researchers to begin to investigate the social, emotional, and behavioral problems of young children. The present study reviews the major research that has been conducted in this area and examines the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses of infants and toddlers referred to a public community mental health system. The current investigation also compares the frequency of diagnoses of children who have been evaluated based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th edition) with another group of children who were diagnosed based on the Diagnostic Classification: 0–3 system. Although there were some differences between the two samples and classification systems, analysis indicated that parent-child relational problems, adjustment difficulties, regulatory problems, and developmental disorders are some of the more common diagnoses prevalent among young children referred for outpatient treatment. As diagnostic measures and classification systems continue to improve, clinicians will have a better understanding of the mental health problems and treatment needs of young children.

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Taylor, Pamela J., Emma Goldberg, Morven Leese, Martin Butwell, and Alison Reed. "Limits to the value of mental health review tribunals for offender patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 2 (February 1999): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.2.164.

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BackgroundReform of mental health legislation for England and Wales is due. MHRTs offer an important check in the balance between patient and public rights.AimsTo study the quantity and outcome of MHRTs in special (high-security) hospitals.MethodData were extracted from the records of 1670 patients detained under mental illness or psychopathic disorder classifications in special hospitals during 1992.ResultsThere were 661 MHRT hearings, mostly requested by patients. Forty-three (7%) discharges were ordered, often without key data about continuing care in the written evidence. There were 56 recommendations for transfer to lesser security. Correlates of MHRT discharge were: female gender, younger age (in women), a legal classification of psychopathic disorder and shorter length of stay. Conditional discharge did not necessarily mean departure from special hospital.ConclusionsSpecial hospital MHRTs result in few changes in patient status. A probable need for improvement in the evidence put before an MHRT was found. Legislation reformers should consider an extension of MHRT powers to order transfer between levels of security.

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Parshall, A. M., and R. G. Priest. "Nosology, Taxonomy and the Classification Conundrum of the Functional Psychoses." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 2 (February 1993): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.2.227.

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The theory underlying medical classification is not always given sufficient regard. Here systematic methods developed in biology are summarised and compared with parallel developments in nosology. The classification of the functional psychoses is discussed as an example of a methodological problem in medicine. We consider that cladism could have a useful application in nosology, and could lead to classifications based on the concept of interrelationships of disease.

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Ahmed, F., and R. Roy. "A Literature Review of Diagnostic Applicability of ICD 11 Classification of Personality Disorders in Comparison with ICD 10." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S450—S451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1142.

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Introduction Personality disorders are frequently encountered by all healthcare professionals and can often pose a diagnostic dilemma due to the crossover of different traits amongst the various subtypes. The ICD 10 classification comprised of succinct parameters of the 10 subtypes of personality disorders but lacked a global approach to address the complexity of the disease. The ICD 11 classification provides a more structural approach to aid in clinical diagnosis. Objectives A literature review of the diagnostic applicability of ICD 11 classification of personality disorders is presented in comparison with the ICD 10 classification. Methods A retrospective analysis of the literature outlining the ICD 10 and 11 classifications of personality disorders, exploring the differences in evidence-based applications of both. Results The ICD 11 classification of personality disorders supersedes the ICD 10 classification in describing the severity of the personality dysfunction in conjunction with a wide range of trait domain qualifiers, thus enabling the clinician to portray the disease dynamically. The current evidence available on the utility of the ICD 11 classification gives a promising outlook for its application in clinical settings. Conclusions The ICD 11 has transformed the classification of personality disorders by projecting a dimensional description of personality functioning, aiming to overcome the diagnostic deficiencies in the ICD 10 classification. The versatility offered by the application of the ICD 11 classification can be pivotal in reshaping the focus and intensity of clinical management of the disease. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Hermawan, Aditiya. "Implementation of Naïve Bayes Algorithm for Classification of Mental Health of Social Media Users." bit-Tech 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32877/bt.v4i2.282.

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Social media has become a human need to interact in everyday life. Apart from being a means of communication, social media also has the additional function of exchanging information on the internet in various forms including writing, images and videos. One of the social media that has many users is Instagram, where Instagram offers information sharing features in the form of images, photos and short videos. The purpose of this feature is for users to express themselves and attract the attention of others, thereby creating feelings of happiness and increasing self-confidence. In addition to positive impacts, there are also negative impacts on users, for example excessive use that causes addiction so that it can cause mental health disorders. Mental health needs to be handled properly so that it does not continue to get worse, but there are several obstacles in seeing a psychiatrist in mental health, including limited access and also negative stigma if someone sees a psychiatrist. Therefore, a tool is needed that can be an early indication in knowing the level of mental agitation, especially in the use of Instagram. Classification in data mining can help provide initial information on a person's condition in his mental health. The Naïve Bayes algorithm provides an accuracy rate of 92.5% in classifying mental health on data sets that have been clustered. Good accuracy can help social media users know their mental health condition.

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Lindholm, Sofia Kvist, and Anette Wickström. "‘Looping effects’ related to young people’s mental health: How young people transform the meaning of psychiatric concepts." Global Studies of Childhood 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610619890058.

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Over the past decades, reports from official authorities and the media have suggested that there is a ‘crisis’ in young people’s mental health. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding how to interpret the data referred to in these alarming reports. The present article draws on ‘the minority voices’ of young people and theories developed by Ian Hacking to undertake a critical analysis of the conceptualisation of young people’s mental health. According to Hacking, systems of classifications formulate general truths about people and frame the suffering of individuals in specific ways. Classification changes people. However, young people are social actors who interact with classifications of their mental health and by doing so they could cause classifications to be redrawn. Hacking refers to these feedback effects as ‘looping effects’. Based on 51 interviews with 15-year-olds, this article explores how young people interact with psychiatric labels associated with their wellbeing such as anxiety and depression. We demonstrate how the participants gave new meaning to these psychiatric labels, devalued and gave nuance to them, and by doing so transformed them into cultural categories rather than diagnostic categories. We discuss the potential looping effects related to young people’s mental health and how the present findings can inform policy practice.

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Farmer, Anne, and Peter McGuffin. "The Classification of the Depressions." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 4 (October 1989): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.155.4.437.

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It is 13 years since Kendell (1976) reviewed the ‘contemporary confusion’ surrounding the classification of depression. Reconsideration of this issue is now timely, especially in light of the development of the new classifications of affective disorder included in DSM–III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), the revised version, DSM–III–R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987), and the forthcoming ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1988). Recent activities in neurobiological, genetic and social research also bear importantly on our concepts of the aetiology of depression.

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