Academic literature on the topic 'Mental Health Associations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mental Health Associations"
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Fernández Argüelles, Daniel, Daniel Sánchez Oliva, José Antonio Cecchini Estrada, and Javier Fernández Río. "Longitudinal associations between physical activity and mental health in adolescents." RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 19, no. 71 (January 1, 2023): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2023.07102.
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There is a lack of studies that examine the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health with accelerometers in adolescent populations. The current study aimed to investigate whether changes in PA intensities and sedentary time (ST) are associated with mental health in a cohort of adolescents. 246 (130 boys, 116 girls) high school adolescents aged 13-15 years old (13.28 ± .57) were recruited in a city from the north of Spain. PA and ST levels were assessed by accelerometry. Psychological well-being (PWB) was measured using a self-reported validated questionnaire. Regression linear models were implemented by including PWB as the dependent variable and PA intensities and ST as predictors. Girls who increased light, moderate, and vigorous PA had significantly better PSW at follow-up, whereas no longitudinal associations were found for boys. No association between ST and PSW was identified. The results suggest changes in PA, but no in ST, have an association with PWB in adolescents. Nevertheless, the associations were stronger in girls than in boys. Because girls showed worse PWB at both time points, an optimal threshold for PA influence on mental health could explain the results. Future research is warranted.
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East, Marlene Lynette, and Byron C. Havard. "Mental Health Mobile Apps: From Infusion to Diffusion in the Mental Health Social System." JMIR Mental Health 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.3954.
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The roles of mental health educators and professionals in the diffusion of mental health mobile apps are addressed in this viewpoint article. Mental health mobile apps are emerging technologies that fit under the broad heading of mobile health (mHealth). mHealth, encompassed within electronic health (eHealth), reflects the use of mobile devices for the practice of public health. Well-designed mental health mobile apps that present content in interactive, engaging, and stimulating ways can promote cognitive learning, personal growth, and mental health enhancement. As key influencers in the mental health social system, counselor educators and professional associations may either help or hinder diffusion of beneficial mHealth technologies. As mental health mobile apps move towards ubiquity, research will continue to be conducted. The studies published thus far, combined with the potential of mental health mobile apps for learning and personal growth, offer enough evidence to compel mental health professionals to infuse these technologies into education and practice. Counselor educators and professional associations must use their influential leadership roles to train students and practitioners in how to research, evaluate, and integrate mental health mobile apps into practice. The objectives of this article are to (1) increase awareness of mHealth and mental health mobile apps, (2) demonstrate the potential for continued growth in mental health mobile apps based on technology use and acceptance theory, mHealth organizational initiatives, and evidence about how humans learn, (3) discuss evidence-based benefits of mental health mobile apps, (4) examine the current state of mHealth diffusion in the mental health profession, and (5) offer solutions for impelling innovation diffusion by infusing mental health mobile apps into education, training, and clinical settings. This discussion has implications for counselor educators, mental health practitioners, associations, continuing education providers, and app developers.
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Banyay, Beverly. "Prevention among mental health associations." Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 6, no. 2 (1989): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10852358909511174.
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Fraser, Bill. "The European Associations for Mental Health in Mental Retardation." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 41, no. 1 (February 15, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00670.x.
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Brogly, Chris, Daniel J. Lizotte, Marc Mitchell, Mark Speechley, Arlene MacDougall, Erin Huner, Kelly K. Anderson, and Michael A. Bauer. "An app-based ecological momentary assessment of undergraduate student mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada (Smart Healthy Campus Version 2.0): Longitudinal study." PLOS Digital Health 3, no. 5 (May 20, 2024): e0000239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000239.
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This paper presents results from the Smart Healthy Campus 2.0 study/smartphone app, developed and used to collect mental health-related lifestyle data from 86 Canadian undergraduates January–August 2021. Objectives of the study were to 1) address the absence of longitudinal mental health overview and lifestyle-related data from Canadian undergraduate students, and 2) to identify associations between these self-reported mental health overviews (questionnaires) and lifestyle-related measures (from smartphone digital measures). This was a longitudinal repeat measures study conducted over 40 weeks. A 9-item mental health questionnaire was accessible once daily in the app. Two variants of this mental health questionnaire existed; the first was a weekly variant, available each Monday or until a participant responded during the week. The second was a daily variant available after the weekly variant. 6518 digital measure samples and 1722 questionnaire responses were collected. Mixed models were fit for responses to the two questionnaire variants and 12 phone digital measures (e.g. GPS, step counts). The daily questionnaire had positive associations with floors walked, installed apps, and campus proximity, while having negative associations with uptime, and daily calendar events. Daily depression had a positive association with uptime. Daily resilience appeared to have a slight positive association with campus proximity. The weekly questionnaire variant had positive associations with device idling and installed apps, and negative associations with floors walked, calendar events, and campus proximity. Physical activity, weekly, had a negative association with uptime, and a positive association with calendar events and device idling. These lifestyle indicators that associated with student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest directions for new mental health-related interventions (digital or otherwise) and further efforts in mental health surveillance under comparable circumstances.
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Gawda, Barbara. "Type D Personality Associated With Health and Mental Health Problems." Psychological Reports 118, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 1039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116649156.
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Lussier and Loas examined relationship between anhedonia, depression, and type D personality. The aim of this commentary is to extend the discussion to four aspects not considered in the original article: association of type D personality with problems other than those of cardiovascular health, inconsistent findings in these associations, data on association between type D personality and mental problems, and an attempt to interpret their main findings. The proposed interpretation refers to trait anxiety as is partially incorporated into the type D personality.
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McGrath, John J., Sukanta Saha, Carmen C. W. Lim, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Jordi Alonso, Laura H. Andrade, Evelyn J. Bromet, et al. "Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey." British Journal of Psychiatry 211, no. 6 (December 2017): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.117.205955.
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BackgroundTraumatic events are associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences, but it is unclear whether this association is explained by mental disorders prior to psychotic experience onset.AimsTo investigate the associations between traumatic events and subsequent psychotic experience onset after adjusting for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.MethodWe assessed 29 traumatic event types and psychotic experiences from the World Mental Health surveys and examined the associations of traumatic events with subsequent psychotic experience onset with and without adjustments for mental disorders.ResultsRespondents with any traumatic events had three times the odds of other respondents of subsequently developing psychotic experiences (OR=3.1, 95% CI 2.7–3.7), with variability in strength of association across traumatic event types. These associations persisted after adjustment for mental disorders.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events predicts subsequent onset of psychotic experiences even after adjusting for comorbid mental disorders.
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Kim, Min-Ju, Jong Eun Park, and Jong Hyock Park. "Associations of Healthy Eating Behavior with Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey." Nutrients 15, no. 24 (December 14, 2023): 5111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15245111.
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Background: Healthy eating behaviors may be related to mental health and health-related quality of life. This study investigates the associations between diet quality, mental health, and health-related quality of life among men and women in Korea. Methods: A total of 6823 participants, aged 19, from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018 were included. Their overall diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associations between diet quality, mental health, and quality of life. Results: The prevalence of stress perception and depression was highest in the lowest tertile of the KHEI score and higher for women than men. Among men, a significant association was observed only for stress perception and depressive symptoms in the second tertile, with odds ratios of 0.745 (95% CI, 0.585–0.949) and 0.519 (95% CI, 0.275–0.980). In contrast, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for stress perception, depressive symptoms, and low EQ-5D index among women in the highest tertile were 0.668 (95% CI, 0.541–0.823), 0.464 (95% CI, 0.288–0.746), and 0.722 (95% CI, 0.566–0.920), and significant dose–response associations were observed. Conclusions: A higher-quality diet was associated with a lower risk of stress and depression and a better quality of life. Thus, healthy eating behaviors may improve mental health and quality of life.
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Violanti, John M., Anna Mnatsakanova, Ja K. Gu, Samantha Service, and Michael E. Andrew. "Adverse childhood experiences and police mental health." Policing: An International Journal 44, no. 6 (September 29, 2021): 1014–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2021-0085.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine cross-sectional associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health among police officers.Design/methodology/approachThe sample was from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study data (132 male and 51 female officers). Standardized surveys were administered to participants. Regression coefficients were obtained from models adjusted for age, sex, race and alcohol intake. All statistical tests were performed using a statistical significance level at p < 0.05.FindingsRegression analyses showed significant positive associations between ACEs and mental health (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]: β = 1.70, p < 0.001 and depressive symptoms: β = 1.29, p < 0.001). Resiliency significantly modified the association between ACEs and PTSD. A positive and significant association was observed among officers with lower resiliency (β = 2.65, p < 0.001). The association between ACEs and PTSD was stronger among male officers compared to females (β = 2.66, p < 0.001 vs. β = 0.59, p ≤ 0.248, respectively).Research limitations/implicationsChild abuse and development of PTSD or depression could not be traced through time as this was a cross-sectional study. Recall bias may affect results.Practical implicationsPTSD and depression associated with ACEs can affect the interpretation of threat and can exacerbate emotional regulation in officers. An inquiry should be expanded regarding work assignments of victimized officers, such as child exploitation and pornography investigation.Originality/valueThere are few studies on ACEs and the mental health of police officers. The present study is among the first to associate multiple police mental health issues with ACEs.
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Oftedal, Stina, Gregory S. Kolt, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Corneel Vandelanotte, Wendy J. Brown, and Mitch J. Duncan. "Associations of health-behavior patterns, mental health and self-rated health." Preventive Medicine 118 (January 2019): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.11.017.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mental Health Associations"
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Fowke, Alex James. "Shame : associations with childhood maltreatment and mental health." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/153327/.
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Research consistently reports a relationship between childhood maltreatment and the experience of psychological distress in adulthood. More recently, researchers have sought to identify the emotional consequences of these experiences. The current literature review focuses on the experience of shame. In particular, research is presented which demonstrates how childhood maltreatment, especially psychological abuse, has been associated with the experience of internalised shame. Furthermore, research is presented demonstrating an association between internalised shame the experience of psychological distress in adulthood. A burgeoning evidence base illustrates how shame partially mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the experience of psychological distress in adulthood, although the review concludes that this research remains limited, and the models presented require further investigation to broaden the understanding of the role of shame in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology. The empirical paper explores the associations between childhood maltreatment and internalised shame in a sample of participants with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD; n = 35), compared with a control group of participants with no psychiatric diagnoses (n = 35). Participants completed measures of maltreatment, internalised shame, and resource loss and gain. Participants in the BD group reported significantly higher levels of internalised shame, resource loss, and most sub-types of childhood maltreatment, compared with participants in the control iii group. Internalised shame was significantly correlated with childhood emotional abuse and neglect, even when controlled for the effect of low mood and mania. The theoretical and clinical implications are discussed, and directions for further investigation are indicated.
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London, Adam Edwin. "Natural Environment Associations with Mental Health and Obesity Status." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7484.
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Mental health and obesity were ranked among the health priorities of the 2014 and 2017 Community Health Needs Assessments in Kent County, Michigan. Exposure to nature is correlated to improved health outcomes across a variety of morbidities including poor mental health and obesity. This cross-sectional study set within the frameworks of attention restoration theory, environmental health, and pathways to health benefits from nature assessed county survey data including self-reported nature exposures/interactions separated into 3 domain areas: access to nature, attitudes about nature, and physical activity in nature or in nature-based activities. Binary logistic regression analyses of the 653 respondents found that those who self-reported higher frequency of physical activity in nature or in nature-based activities possessed lower odds of also reporting poor mental health (p < .001, OR .652, 95% CI .535, .795) and obesity (p < .001, OR .666, 95% CI .548, .808) with each ascending level of agreement with the physical activity statement question. Ascending levels of agreement with the ease of access to nature statement question was found to be associated with lower odds of poor mental health (p < .001, OR .585, 95% CI .470, .797); however, no correlation was found between this variable and obesity status. The attitudes about nature domain statement questions were not consistently found to be associated with either mental health or obesity status. The significantly associated independent nature variables demonstrated weak effects (Nagelkerke R� < .300) on their respectively linked health outcomes. These findings may equip public health officials with information to develop more effective interventions for addressing mental health and obesity in their respective communities.
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Kaushal, Aradhna. "Mental health and wellbeing : associations with religion across the lifecourse." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10059297/.
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Previous research studies have reported benefits of religious practices and beliefs for a range of health outcomes, including mental health and wellbeing. However, most of the research on religion and health is cross-sectional and based on populations from the USA. Therefore, there is a need for evidence from populations outside the USA to assess the external generalisability of these associations. This thesis investigated longitudinal associations between religiosity, and the outcomes of mental health and wellbeing, using data from the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD). This unique longitudinal data set following the participants from birth was used to investigate 1) the patterns and trends of religiosity across the life course 2) whether religiosity is associated with mental health and wellbeing 3) the role of psychological, social and lifestyle factors on religiosity, and mental health and wellbeing, and 4) whether religiosity moderates the impact of stressful life events on mental health and wellbeing. Associations were tested using regression models, auto-regressive cross-lagged models and interaction terms. A general decline in religious attendance and beliefs across the life course was observed and frequent religious attendance was associated with higher wellbeing scores. Evidence for bi-directional associations between religiosity and mental health was found, but not for wellbeing. Analysis of psychological, social factors and lifestyle factors identified agreeableness, mastery and social support as important factors in associations between religiosity, and mental health and wellbeing. Some aspects of religious beliefs and practices were found to moderate the association between stressful life events, and mental health and wellbeing. There is limited evidence of direct benefits of religiosity for mental health and wellbeing. However, it is possible that religiosity is used as a coping mechanism in response to stressful life events and to some extent buffers their deleterious impact on mental health and wellbeing.
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Bomar, Ginger. "An Assessment of Associations Between Selected Health Practices and Mental Wellness." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/931.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between mental well-being and selected health behaviors. A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 490 students at Western Kentucky University during the 1993 Spring, Summer, and Fall semesters. Study participants completed the Participant Data Sheet, General Weil-Being Schedule, and the Health Behavior Instrument. The data were gathered and analyzed via correlation analysis which revealed a relationship between mental well-being and certain health behaviors. The correlations between general well-being and selected health behaviors were stronger among males than females. There was a relationship found between mental well-being and hours of sleep, eating breakfast, and exercising. It is very noteworthy that there was a significant correlation between GWBS and combined health behaviors.
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Gage, Suzanne H. "Investigating associations of cannabis and cigarette use with mental health outcomes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682685.
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There is a substantial body of evidence showing that substance use is associated with mental health problems, but establishing whether associations are causal and whether specific substances have independent effects is more challenging. The studies in this thesis aimed to investigate whether cannabis and cigarette use are associated with psychotic experiences, depression and anxiety, and examine the extent to which associations might be due to confounding, bias and reverse causation. Data used were from ALSPAC, a large longitudinal birth cohort. For most analyses exposure measures were assessed when participants were aged 16 years, and outcome measures at 18 years. Regression models were used to assess associations before and after adjustment for a large variety of potential confounders. Multiple imputation was used to try and account for potential attrition bias. A Mendelian randomisation approach was used to assess whether associations between smoking and psychotic experiences are likely to be causal, using SNP rsl051730 as an instrumental variable. Cannabis and cigarette use were associated with all mental health outcomes in unadjusted analyses. Adjustment for pre-birth and childhood confounding made little difference to most analyses. Adjustment for other substance use led to substantial attenuation in many of the analyses investigated. Although there appeared to be some divergence between the effects of different substances on specific outcomes, and differences in the specific effects of substances between outcomes, this was not supported by statistical evidence. There was no evidence to support reverse causation. The Mendelian randomisation analysis did not provide evidence of a causal association between smoking and psychotic experiences, but was underpowered. The findings are consistent with previous literature from longitudinal studies that show associations between both cannabis and cigarette use with incident mental health outcomes, but also indicate that unmeasured confounding likely affects most studies to date. At present there is not enough evidence to be confident that associations between substance use and mental health are causal. Future research should utilise novel methods to approach these questions from multiple angles in order to progress the field.
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Monroig, Marlaine Marie. "Associations between positive health behaviors and psychological distress." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/482.
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Research examining the relationship between psychological distress and health behaviors is limited, as most of these studies examine one type of psychological distress and relate it to one type of health behavior. To address this limitation, an exploratory study was conducted that included online self-report measures of a wide range of positive health behaviors (Health Behavior Checklist; HBC) and a wide range of different types of psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI). Participants were 762 undergraduate students from the University of Central Florida (55% female). Results revealed that the total BSI score showed statistically significant negative correlations with the HBC total score and all four HBC subscales. Thus, participants reporting more overall psychological distress reported that they engaged in fewer positive health behaviors, across all health behavior subtypes. Stepwise regressions that examined the nine BSI subscales and their relationship with the HBC total score revealed that the Hostility subscale of the BSI was the strongest and most consistent predictor of positive health behaviors (in a negative direction). Stepwise regressions also revealed additional relationships of the BSI subscales of Depression and Phobia to particular HBC subscales. The results of this exploratory study provide an initial model on the relationships of particular types of psychological distress that are related to particular types of health behaviors, which will inform future studies on this important topic area.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Webb, Jon R., Jameson K. Hirsch, Elizabeth Conway-Williams, and Kenneth G. Brewer. "Forgiveness and Alcohol Problems: Indirect Associations Involving Mental Health and Social Support." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/696.
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Forgiveness is argued, by scholars and lay persons alike, to play an important role in substance abuse recovery. However, little empirical research has been conducted to verify such assumptions. Cross-sectional naturalistic data from a sample of 126 Southern Appalachian college students identified as likely to be hazardous or harmful drinkers were analyzed through multiple-mediation statistical procedures. The general hypothesis of this study was that, while controlling for demographic characteristics, including lifetime religiousness, higher levels of forgiveness would be associated with both better mental health and higher levels of social support, which in turn would be associated with salutary alcohol-related outcomes. In the context of forgiveness of self, for four of the five alcohol-related outcomes, the relationships operated mainly through mental health and primarily in an indirect rather than mediating fashion. Feeling forgiven by God was directly associated with three outcomes. Forgiveness of others was not associated with any of the outcomes measured. While forgiveness appears to be important and beneficial in association with alcohol-related outcomes, it may be that forgiveness of self is most important. Limitations discussed include sample- and measurement-related issues.
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Landstedt, Evelina. "Life circumstances and adolescent mental health: Perceptions, associations and a gender analysis." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11982.
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Despite a well-documented gender pattern of adolescent mental health, public health research investigating possible influencing factors from a gender-theoretical approach is scarce. This study aimed to explore what factors and circumstances are related to adolescent mental health and to apply a gender analysis to the findings in order to improve the understanding of the relationships between life circumstances and the gendered patterning of mental health among young people. The study population was 16-19-year-old Swedish students and data was collected by means of focus groups (N=29) and self-administered questionnaires (N=1,663, 78.3% response rate) in school settings. Mental health problems were defined in a broad sense including the adolescents’ own understandings, perceived stress, psychological distress and deliberate self-harm. The mental health problems of perceived stress, psychological distress and deliberate self-harm were twice as common among girls as boys. The findings suggest that adolescent mental health is associated with the life circumstances of social relationships, demands and responsibility taking and experiences of violence and harassment. Supportive relationships with friends, family and teachers were found to be of importance to positive mental health, whereas poor social relationships, loneliness and lack of influence were associated with mental health problems. Perceived demands and responsibility taking regarding school work, relationships, future plans, appearance and financial issues were strongly related to mental health problems, particularly among girls regardless of social class. The results indicate that physical violence, sexual assault, bullying and sexual harassment are severe risk factors for mental health problems in young people. Boys and girls experienced different types of violence, and the victim-perpetrator relationships of physical violence differed. These diverging experiences appeared to influence the associations with mental health problems in boys and girls. A gender analysis provides the tools to gain knowledge about the ways that boys’ and girls’ lives are shaped by gender relations and constructions at different levels in society and how these life circumstances represent risk- or protective factors for mental health. For example, unequal power structures and the ways girls are expected to ‘do’ femininity likely influence their life circumstances in ways that place them at greater risk of mental health problems. Hegemonic constructions of masculinity and advantaged positions likely contribute to life circumstances that are positive for mental health but are also implying risk factors for poor mental health among boys, e.g., violence. It is also important to recognise how the intertwined cultural and structural aspects of gender and social class influence the lives and mental health of boys and girls. In conclusion, gendered and class-related mechanisms at the different levels in society influence the distribution of risk factors unevenly among boys and girls, which could be a possible explanation for the gender differences in reports of perceived stress, psychological distress and deliberate self-harm. The likelihood of gender and socioeconomic differences in mental health problems should be taken into account in prevention and health promotion strategies at all levels in society. A greater awareness about gender relations and the gendered social circumstances under which young people live is required. The school environment is an important arena with respect to prevention and health promotion. There is also a need for a joint action against violence and harassment at all levels in society. Implications do not only concern young people; social policy and legislation should focus on reducing gender and class inequalities in general.Sammanfattning Svensk titel: Livsvillkor och ungdomars psykiska hälsa: uppfattningar, associationer och en genusanalys. Trots ett väldokumenterat genusmönster i ungdomars psykiska hälsa finns det en kunskapslucka i den folkhälsovetenskapliga forskningen avseende genusteoretiska analyser av sambanden mellan ungas livsvillkor och psykisk hälsa. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka vilka faktorer och omständigheter som är relaterade till psykiska problem, samt att analysera fynden ur ett genusperspektiv för att fördjupa förståelsen av relationerna mellan ungas livsvillkor och genusmönster i psykiska hälsa. Studiepopulationen var gymnasielever i åldern 16-19 år. Studien genomfördes i skolmiljö och data insamlades genom fokusgrupper (N=29) och en enkätstudie (N=1,663, 78.3% svarsfrekvens). En bred definition av psykisk ohälsa tillämpades vilken representerades av ungdomarnas egen förståelse, samt de psykiska problemen upplevd stress, psykiska besvär samt självskadebeteende. Resultaten visade att stress, psykiska besvär och självskadebeteende var dubbelt så vanligt bland flickor som bland pojkar. Psykiska problem var relaterade till livsvillkoren sociala relationer, krav och ansvarstagande samt utsatthet för våld och trakasserier. Stödjande relationer med vänner, familj och lärare var av stor betydelse för psykisk hälsa medan dåliga relationer, ensamhet och brist på inflytande var relaterat till psykiska problem. Psykiska problem var starkt kopplade till erfarenheter av höga krav och ansvarstagande avseende skolarbete, relationer, framtidsplaner, utseende och ekonomi, i synnerhet bland flickor oavsett socioekonomisk bakgrund. Resultaten indikerar att olika former av våld och trakasserier är allvarliga riskfaktorer för psykiska problem och att flickors och pojkars skiljda erfarenheter av olika former av våld samt relationen till förövaren, kan vara relaterade till skillnader i psykiska problem. Genusanalysen av resultaten föreslår att flickors livsvillkor påverkas av ojämlika maktstrukturer och konstruktioner av femininitet och att dessa livsvillkor bidrar till en ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa bland flickor. Livsvillkor kopplade till manlig överordning och hegemoniska konstruktioner av maskulinitet influerar sannolikt pojkars psykiska hälsa positivt. Dessa villkor kan dock också innebära risk faktorer för psykiska problem, t.ex. i fråga om våld. Studien uppmärksammar även hur kulturella och strukturella aspekter av både genus och social klass kan påverka livsvillkor och psykisk hälsa för pojkar och flickor. Studiens slutsats är att genusifierade och klassrelaterade mekanismer på olika nivåer i samhället bidrar till en skev fördelning av riskfaktorer för psykiska problem vilket kan vara en möjlig förklaring till skillnaderna mellan pojkar och flickor i fråga om upplevd stress, psykiska besvär och självskadebeteende. Genus- och socioekonomiska skillnader i psykiska problem bör tas i beaktande i preventivt och hälsofrämjande arbete på alla nivåer i samhället. Detsamma gäller för en ökad medvetenhet om hur ungas livsvillkor är relaterade till psykisk hälsa och hur dessa villkor är genus- och klassrelaterade. Studien uppmärksammar skolan som en viktig arena för preventivt och hälsofrämjande arbete samt att gemensamma insatser krävs på olika arenor för att motverka våld och trakasserier. Implikationer av studien omfattar även generella samhällspolitiska insatser för minskad ojämlikhet. Nyckelord: Stress; psykiska besvär; självskadebeteende; gymnasieelever; maskulinitet; femininitet; sociala determinanter; sociala relationer; krav; ansvarstagande; våld och trakasserier; skola.
Forskarutbildningsämne: Hälsovetenskap.
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Hagenaars, Saskia P. "Genetic associations between cognitive ability, negative emotions, and mental and physical health." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22878.
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Human population-based studies have shown that cognitive ability and negative emotions are associated with later health outcomes. Part of this association might be due to shared genetic influences. The present thesis has two main objectives. The first is to examine the shared genetic aetiology between cognitive ability and mental and physical health. The second is to examine the shared genetic aetiology between the tendency to experience negative emotions and mental and physical health. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 provide an introductory overview of the field of individual differences in psychology, with the first Chapter focussing on cognitive ability and the second on personality (especially neuroticism). Each of these Chapters provide an historical overview of the two traits, followed by the associations with health outcomes, and finish by exploring the genetic aetiology of both cognitive ability and negative emotions and the potential genetic overlap with health outcomes. Chapter 3 focusses on the main cohort analysed in this thesis, the UK Biobank. This Chapter outlines the study population and its demographics, and provides a detailed account of the main variables examined in this thesis. Chapters 4 to 7 present the empirical work and are split in two parts; the first part (Chapters 4 and 5), focusses on cognitive ability. The second part (Chapters 6 and 7) focusses on negative emotions. Chapter 4 presents two studies, examining the shared genetic aetiology between cognitive ability and mental and physical health using linkage disequilibrium score regression and polygenic profile analysis; Mendelian Randomization is used to test for direction of effect between cognitive ability and physical health. The results indicate a substantially shared genetic aetiology between cognitive ability and both physical and mental health. No evidence was found for a causal association between cognitive ability and physical health. Chapter 5 examines the genetic aetiology of a test of executive cognitive function, the Trail- Making test, which has been closely associated with other cognitive abilities. This Chapter also examines the shared genetic aetiology between the Trail-Making test, general cognitive ability, processing speed, and memory, using a range of molecular genetic techniques. The results provide heritability estimates ranging from 7% to 22% for the different Trail-Making test measures, and there are new genetic associations with the Trail-Making test. A considerable degree of genetic overlap is found between the Trail-Making test and general cognitive function and processing speed in particular. Chapter 6 explores the shared genetic aetiology between the personality trait of neuroticism and mental and physical health using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and polygenic profile analysis. The results show significant genetic correlations between neuroticism and major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and anorexia. Polygenic profile scores for multiple mental health traits, as well as body mass index, coronary artery disease, and smoking status are predictive of neuroticism. Chapter 7 examines the genetic contributions to self-reported tiredness, a trait strongly related to the tendency to experience negative emotions; it also examines the genetic overlap with health outcomes using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and polygenic profile analysis. The results demonstrate a significant heritability estimate of 8% for self-reported tiredness. Extensive genetic overlap is identified between self-reported tiredness and mental and physical health, and particularly with the trait of neuroticism. Finally, Chapter 8 summarizes the empirical findings presented in Chapters 4 to 7. This Chapter discusses limitations of the methods used in this thesis, and offers suggestions for future research in the field of genetic epidemiology, especially as applied to health and psychological differences.
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Dangel, Trever. "Associations between Multidimensional Spirituality and Mental Health: Positive Psychological Traits as Mediators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3436.
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Research in the areas of religion and spirituality and positive psychology have experienced considerable growth within the past two decades. Such growth has led to a plethora of research identifying important constructs in both areas and key relationships among them. The current literature is, however, limited by unclear distinctions between the constructs of religion and spirituality, and a general lack of research into their associations with positive psychological traits and mental health status. As such, the present study aimed to investigate a new model of spirituality, the RiTE model, which is a three-part model designed to capture the multifaceted nature of the spiritual experience. The RiTE model was investigated in its relationship with mental health status in the context of a parallel mediation model, with self-forgiveness, gratitude, and mindfulness serving as parallel mediators. Results suggested that ritualistic and existential spirituality displayed direct associations with mental health status (positive and negative, respectively), while theistic spirituality displayed indirect associations. Indirect associations between theistic spirituality and mental health status were primarily a function of higher levels of gratitude, while existential spirituality was associated with higher levels of all three mediator variables. Clinicians may benefit from utilizing this knowledge when conceptualizing an individual’s spiritual worldview and utilizing spirituality when attempting to enhance client resilience via positive psychological approaches. Future studies should provide further insight into these treatment applications in addition to further clarifying the nuanced mechanisms of the spirituality-mental health association.
Books on the topic "Mental Health Associations"
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Mennell, A. Housing associations and mental health provision: the impact of the community care reforms. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1994.
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Woodruff, Miriam, and Rebecca Weiss. Associations Between School-Based Mental Health and Education Outcomes: Analyzing Public Data With Multilevel Modeling. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529603552.
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Barnett, Rosalind C. Adult son-parent relationships and their associations with sons' psychological distress. Wellesley, Mass: Wellesley College, 1991.
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Barnett, Rosalind C. Adult son-parent relationships and their associations with sons' psychological distress. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1991.
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Barnett, Rosalind C. Adult son-parent relationships and their associations with sons' psychological distress. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1991.
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Grimes, Marie. Resource information guide for adults and children. [Redding, CA] (P.O. Box 990297, Redding 96066): [M. Grimes, 1992.
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Semeraro, Patricia Katharine. Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.
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Lydia, Yee, Au Shun, Mental Health Foundation, and Chinese Mental Health Association, eds. Chinese mental health issues in Britain: Perspectives from the Chinese Mental Health Association. London: Mental Health Foundation, 1997.
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Future Mental Health Services Project (National Mental Health Association). Blueprint for the future of mental health services: Report of the Future Mental Health Services Project, National Mental Health Association. Alexandria, VA (1021 Prince St., Alexandria 22314-2971): The Association, 1986.
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National Mental Health Association. (U.S.) Commission on the Prevention of Mental-Emotional Disabilities. The prevention of mental-emotional disabilities: Report of the National Mental Health Association Commission on the Prevention of Mental-Emotional Disabilities. Alexandria, VA (1021 Prince St., Alexandria 22314-2971): The Association, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mental Health Associations"
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Charmaraman, Linda, Tracy Gladstone, and Amanda Richer. "Positive and Negative Associations Between Adolescent Mental Health and Technology." In Technology and Adolescent Mental Health, 61–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69638-6_5.
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Mirowsky, John. "Analyzing Associations between Mental Health and Social Circumstances." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 105–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36223-1_6.
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Mirowsky, John. "Analyzing Associations Between Mental Health and Social Circumstances." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 143–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_8.
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Cummins, Ian. "Causal relationships or casual associations? Assessing the nature and character of mental illness/disorder and crime." In Mental Health and Punishments, 33–44. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351240611-4.
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Pachauri, Saroj, Ash Pachauri, and Komal Mittal. "Sexual Behaviors of Long-Distance Truck Drivers." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 61–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4578-5_5.
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AbstractTruck drivers are a group of recognized marginalized people who are sexually active during their long driving hours. Their exhausting working environment causing lethargy and mental fatigue stirs them to have sex (Essuon et al. in J Health Care Poor Underserved 20:40–52, 2009, [1]). Long-distance truck drivers transport goods over hundreds and even thousands of miles. They may drive flatbed rigs, which are used for carrying steel, or tankers and tractor trailers. They usually drive at night when traffic is light (American Trucking Associations in Long-haul truck driver: definition and nature of work. American Trucking Associations, Encyclopedia, 2020, [2]). Truck drivers and interstate migrants are important bridge populations for the transmission of HIV infection (Pandey et al. in AIDS 22(5):81–90, 2008, [3]).
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Logie, Carmen H., Ying Wang, Patrick Lalor, Kandasi Levermore, and Davina Williams. "Exploring the Protective Role of Sex Work Social Cohesion in Contexts of Violence and Criminalisation: A Case Study with Gender-Diverse Sex Workers in Jamaica." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 79–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_5.
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AbstractBackground: Sex work social cohesion (SWSC) is associated with reduced HIV vulnerabilities, yet little is known of its associations with mental health or violence. This is particularly salient to understand among gender-diverse sex workers who may experience criminalisation of sex work and same-gender sexual practices. This chapter explores SWSC and its associations with mental health and violence among sex workers in Jamaica.Methods: In collaboration with the Sex Work Association of Jamaica (SWAJ) and Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, we implemented a cross-sectional survey with a peer-driven sample of sex workers in Kingston, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects of SWSC on depressive symptoms and violence (from clients, intimate partners, and police), testing the mediating roles of sex work stigma and binge drinking. SWAJ developed an in-depth narrative of the lived experiences of a sex worker germane to understanding SWSC.Results: Participants (N = 340; mean age: 25.77, SD = 5.71) included 36.5% cisgender men, 29.7% transgender women, and 33.8% cisgender women. SEM results revealed that SWSC had significant direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms. Sex work stigma partially mediated the relationship between SWSC and depressive symptoms. The direct path from SWSC to reduced violence was significant; sex work stigma partially mediated this relationship.Implications: Strengths-focused strategies can consider the multidimensional role that social cohesion plays in promoting health and safety among sex workers to further support the ways in which sex workers build community and advocate for rights.
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Li, P. F. Jonah, Y. Joel Wong, and Ruth C. L. Chao. "Happiness and meaning in life: unique, differential, and indirect associations with mental health." In A Second-Wave Positive Psychology in Counselling Psychology, 126–44. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003370581-6.
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Chan, Wai, Cheryl Hiu Kwan Chui, Johnson Chun Sing Cheung, Terry Yat Sang Lum, and Shiyu Lu. "Associations between Volunteering and Mental Health during COVID-19 among Chinese Older Adults." In COVID-19 and Older Adults, 31–44. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003400271-4.
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Shafranske, Edward P. "The Scientific Study of Positive Psychology, Religion/Spirituality, and Mental Health." In Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 345–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_22.
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AbstractIn the past 20 years, over 11,000 published articles have examined the relationship between religion and spirituality (R/S) and mental health. This chapter summarizes that literature, drawing on recent meta-analyses and narrative reviews while focusing on mood, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. Complex associations exist between R/S and mental health, with the preponderance of the research suggesting generally modest, positive effects. The impacts of religious/spiritual involvement, meaning making, religious coping, and spiritual struggles are considered. Following this review, the psychological processes in R/S are examined from the perspective of positive psychology. The interrelated contributions of positive emotion, virtues, and meaning making are identified as essential aspects of R/S that promote well-being and are associated with mental health. Commonalities between religion and spirituality are found in their capacities to evoke positive emotions, support meaning making, and foster the cultivation of virtues. The intersections between secular (positive psychology) and sacred (religious/spiritual) pathways to mental health are highlighted, an integrative conceptual model is proposed, and recommendations for future research are offered.
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Theisen-Womersley, Gail. "Trauma and Migration." In Trauma and Resilience Among Displaced Populations, 29–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67712-1_2.
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AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the question of trauma among refugee populations. This body of research has largely focused on the immediate psychological aftermaths of armed conflicts in light of the well-described associations between these psychiatric disorders, displacement, and generalized forms of violence (Morina et al., Morina et al., .Frontiers in Psychiatry 9:433, 2018). In general, the literature attests to the greater mental health difficulties among refugees compared to general populations within host communities.
Conference papers on the topic "Mental Health Associations"
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Astuti, Nova Dwi, and Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono. "Associations between Smoking and Emotional Mental Disorders among Adolescents." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-fp.01.11.
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Astuti, Nova Dwi, and Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono. "Associations between Smoking and Other Factors with Emotional Mental Disorders among Adolescents." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.01.32.
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Hemmati, Azadeh, and Kon Shing Kenneth Chung. "Associations between personal social network properties and mental health in cancer care." In 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2014.6921682.
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Bobrova, N., S. Cook, AV Kudryavtsev, S. Malyutina, M. Voevoda, and DA Leon. "P22 Associations between social capital and mental health in two russian cities." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.148.
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Chirita, Anca Livia, Mihaela Popescu, Veronica Calborean, Victor Gheorman, and Ion Udristoiu. "PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTIONS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.25.
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Introduction: Psychiatric disorders occurring during endocrine dysfunction and, conversely, endocrine dysfunctions associated with mental disorders were the emergence of a new discipline, psychoendocrinology. Psychiatric disorders correlated with endocrine diseases are defined as psychopathological manifestations of variable intensity and clinical symptomatology, determined by complex psycho-neuro-endocrinological interrelationships. Defining elements consist of the association between diagnosis of mental disorders and specific symptoms for endocrine dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a prospective one-year study (January 2018 - December 2018 on 112 patients hospitalized in the Clinic of Psychiatry who also had an endocrinological comorbidity. We investigated the frequency and severity of psychoendocrinological associations by studying a number of demographic and clinical items. Results: The results showed that the highest incidence belongs to thyroid disorder - 55.36%, followed by gonadal disorders - 24.11%, and, rarely, pituitary diseases and diabetes. Hyperthyroidism was associated most frequently with manic episodes, while unipolar depression prevailed in patients with hypothyroidism. In gonadal disorders, present in majority in female patients (secondary amenorrhea, menopause or erectile dysfunction in males), depression accompanied by anxiety, often severe in intensity, was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. Psychotic disorders were met in a smaller number of cases, especially in patients with long history of endocrine disorders and instability of biological constants. Conclusions: We may state that affective disorders are the most frequent nosologically category in patients with endocrine dysfunctions. It requires a better collaboration between specialists in endocrinology and psychiatry, to highlight the determinants which contribute to the development of psychopathological manifestations in endocrine diseases and to individualize the treatment depending on cases’ particularities.
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Yue, Li. "Exploration on the Education Mode of College Student Associations Under the Support of Professional projects." In International Conference on Mental Health and Humanities Education (ICMHHE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200425.057.
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Lupu, Vasile Valeriu, Ingrith Miron, Nicolai Nistor, Doina Carina Voinescu, Magdalena Starcea, Ancuta Lupu, and Anamaria Ciubara. "GENERAL NUTRITION PRINCIPLES FOR THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.26.
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According to the theory of Hipocrates (3rd century BC) "all diseases begin in the intestines". It is now known that intestinal microorganisms participate in physiological processes such as: immune system functioning, detoxification, inflammation, neurotransmitter and vitamin production, nutrient absorption, hunger, and satiety signaling, carbohydrate and fat burning. Thus, a beneficial microbial flora is maintained by proper nutrition. Also, in the literature, there are microbiome-specific associations with different pathologies: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), asthma, autism, allergies, chronic fatigue, depression, anxiety, and diabetes. To prevent these pathologies, in the children's growth and development it must be considered multiple factors: the type of birth (natural or caesarean), genetics, general health, physical activity, sedentarism, sleep quality, and appropriate nutrition.
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Mestry, Madhura, Jigesh Mehta, Ajit Mishra, and Kiran Gawande. "Identifying associations between smartphone usage and mental health during depression, anxiety and stress." In 2015 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccict.2015.7045656.
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Mutu, Dongyuan, Kurt Ji, Xiaofu He, Seonjoo Lee, Stephanie Sequeira, and Aiying Zhang. "Associations Between Brain Connectivity and Psychiatric Symptoms in Children: Insights into Adolescent Mental Health." In 2024 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds61124.2024.10534743.
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O'Hara, Lily, Hanan Abdul Rahim, and Zumin Shi. "Gender and Trust in Government Modify: The association between Mental Health and Stringency of Public Health Measures to reduce COVID-19." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0282.
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Introduction: Trust in government to take care of its citizens may affect mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression, particularly as measures become more stringent. The study aimed to investigate the associations between stringency of COVID-19 social distancing policies and mental health outcomes, and the moderating effects of trust in government and gender. Methods: The study consisted of secondary analysis of publicly available cross sectional data from a global online survey COVID-19 survey conducted between 20 March and 7 April 2020. There were 106,497 adult participants (18 years of age and over) from 58 countries. The main outcome measures were indices for depression and worries. The exposure measure was the stringency index. The effect modifier measures were gender and trust in government. Multivariable regression was conducted to determine the three-way interaction between the exposure, modifier and outcome measures, adjusting for age, income and education. Results: The median age of participants (56.4% women) was 37 years. Women had higher worries and depression than men. The proportion of people trusting (44%) and distrusting (45%) the government was almost the same. Among those who strongly trusted the government, an increase in policy stringency was associated with an increase in worries. Among men who distrusted the government, an increase in policy stringency was associated with an increase in depression, but in distrusting women there was an inversed Ushaped association between policy stringency and both worries and depression. Once policies exceeded the 50-point mark on the stringency index, women benefited from the most stringent policies, yet men did not, particularly men who strongly trust or distrust the government. Conclusion: As the stringency of public health measures increases, so too do depression and worries. For safe and effective public health measures, governments should develop strategies to increase trust in their actions.
Reports on the topic "Mental Health Associations"
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Zeng, Lu, Kaixin Liang, Ran Bao, Aamir Raoof, Sitong Chen, and Xinli Chi. Associations between sleep, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and mental health outcomes: a systematic review of studies using compositional data analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0018.
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Robinson, Richard N. S., Matt Brenner, Tin Doan, Nik Steffens, Jason Lodge, and Shelagh Mooney. The Mental Health and Wellbeing of Chefs in Commercial Kitchens: An Australasian Study. Auckland University of Technology, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/10292/17072.
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Following earlier qualitative research on chefs’ mental health and wellbeing from some members of the project team, this Australasian study sought to complement that work but also to quantify aspects of chefs’ wellbeing in the mid and post COVID-19 context. Surveys were disseminated via various channels, including peak culinary associations, educator networks and social media. After data cleansing, 300 completed surveys were retained for analysis: 226 from Australian and 74 from New Zealand / Aotearoa. Highest participation rates were from culinarians with less than three years cooking experience and those with greater than 21 years in professional kitchens. There was a higher education level than expected from respondents, which may be a self-selection bias in terms of willingness to complete a technical survey. Generally, the Australian and New Zealand / Aotearoa economic, social and industrial contexts are similar. Given this and due to the higher number of Australian respondents, we have benchmarked some findings to the Australian general population. Highlights from the findings showed a high rate of presenteeism, that is ‘working when sick’, which is disconcerting in the mid and post-COVID-19 context. The sample generally reported characteristics associated with poor lifestyle and health habits. These included low consumption of breakfast, low rates of regular to moderate levels of exercise, a less than recommended number of hours slept on a work night, and negative perceptions of their sleep quality. Interestingly, this contrasted with generally high self-reported perceptions of respondents’ own overall health. Other lifestyle factors did not match respondent’s optimistic views about their health. Higher rates of tobacco smoking than in the Australian and New Zealand / Aotearoa general population were reported. The alcohol consumption rates of the chef respondents were generally in line with those reported for the general population of Australia, with a few exceptions. For instance, nearly 7% of the chefs noted drinking daily in comparison to the rate of 5% for the general population. Similarly, 18% of the chefs reported drinking 1-2 days a week which is slightly higher than the rate of 17% reported for the general population of Australia. Similarly, 15% of the chefs indicated consuming alcohol 3-4 days a week which is higher than the rate of 11% reported for the general population of Australia. Finally, the general population chose to abstain from alcohol at a much higher rate (23%) than the nearly 15% reported by the chef respondents. Contrarily, cannabis use for non-medical purposes amongst the chefs was considerably lower than the general population. Similarly low rates of consumption were reported for a range of other illicit drugs. The survey included numerous scientific measures for individual wellbeing, organisational factors and outcomes. Although overall individual wellbeing, according to several measures, for the sample was in the lower range of normal, a fifth of the sample showed poorer outcomes which brought the overall rating down. Resilience among chefs was also lower than average.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.
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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Stark, Sasha, Heather Wardle, and Isabel Burdett. Examining lottery play and risk among young people in Great Britain. GREO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2021.002.
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Purpose & Significance: Despite the popularity of lottery and scratchcards and some evidence of gambling problems among players, limited research focuses on the risks of lottery and scratchcard play and predictors of problems, especially among young people. The purpose of this project is to examine whether lottery and scratchcard participation is related to gambling problems among 16-24 year olds in Great Britain and whether general and mental health and gambling behaviours explain this relationship. Methodology: Samples of 16-24 year olds were pooled from the 2012, 2015, and 2016 Gambling in England and Scotland: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey (n=3,454). Bivariate analyses and Firth method logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between past-year lottery and scratchcard participation and gambling problems, assessing the attenuating role of mental wellbeing, mental health disorders, self-assessed general health, and playing other games in past year. Results: There is a significant association between scratchcard play and gambling problems. The association somewhat attenuated but remained significant after taking into account wellbeing, mental health disorders, general health, and engagement in other gambling activities. Findings also show that gambling problems are further predicted by age (20-24 years), gender (male), lower wellbeing, and playing any other gambling games. Implications: Results are valuable for informing youth-focused education, decisions around the legal age for National Lottery products, and the development of safer gambling initiatives for high risk groups and behaviours, such as scratchcard play.
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Bayley, Stephen, Darge Wole Meshesha, Paul Ramchandani, Pauline Rose, Tassew Woldehanna, and Louise Yorke. Socio-Emotional and Academic Learning Before and After COVID-19 School Closures: Evidence from Ethiopia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/082.
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This paper presents the findings of research undertaken in Ethiopia to examine the effects of COVID-19 school closures on children’s holistic learning, including both socio-emotional and academic learning. It draws on data collected in 2019 (prior to the pandemic) and 2021 (after schools reopened) to compare primary pupils’ learning before and after the school closures. In particular, the study adapts self-reporting scales that have been used in related contexts to measure Grade 3 and 6 children’s social skills, self-efficacy, emotional regulation and mental health and wellbeing, along with literacy and numeracy. Lesson observations were also undertaken to explore teachers’ behaviours to foster socio-emotional learning (SEL) in the classroom. The findings advance current knowledge in several respects. First, they quantify the decline in Ethiopian pupils’ social skills over the period of the school closures. Second, they identify a significant and strong relationship between learners’ social skills and their numeracy, even after taking other factors into account. Third, they reveal a significant association between children’s social skills and their mental health and wellbeing, highlighting the importance of interpersonal interactions to safeguard children’s holistic welfare. The paper concludes by proposing a model for understanding the relationship between learners’ SEL and academic outcomes, and with recommendations for education planning and practice, in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
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Dorsey, Achsah, Elissa M. Scherer, Randy Eckhoff, and Robert Furberg. Measurement of Human Stress: A Multidimensional Approach. RTI Press, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0073.2206.
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Stress is a multidimensional construct that comprises exposure to events, perceptions of stress, and physiological responses to stress. Research consistently demonstrates a strong association between stress and a myriad of physical and mental health concerns, resulting in a pervasive and interdisciplinary agreement on the importance of investigating the relationship between stress and health. Developing a holistic understanding of stress requires assessment of the three domains vital to the study of stress: (1) the presence of environmental stressors, (2) psychological and biological reactions to stressors, and (3) the length of time over which the stressor or stress response occurs. Research into all three domains requires multiple methods. Self-reports allow for subjective evaluations of stress that illuminate the duration and severity of the psychological response to stressors. Biomarkers, in turn, capture a more-objective measure of stress and create a deeper understanding of the biological response to chronic and acute stress. Finally, the use of digital biomarkers allows for further exploration of the physiological fluctuations caused by stress by measuring the changes occurring at the same time as the stressor. Future research on stress and health should favor a multidimensional approach that creates a triangulated picture of stress, drawing from each of the three aforementioned method groups.
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Li, Shujuan, Qiaoqiao Zhu, Juan Wu, and Yuping Sa. Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture Related to the Improvement of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence:A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0135.
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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on SUI and the quality of life-based on the latest literature. Condition being studied: At least 25% of adult females in the world have urinary incontinence in some measure, of which more than half are stress urinary incontinence (SUI). SUI seriously affects the mental health of patients, but also leads to perineal rash, urinary tract infection, and other harms. The American Urological Association recommends pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) as a conservative treatment for patients with mild to moderate SUI, but the cost of treatment is the main obstacle to its wide use of it. Acupuncture is one of the traditional therapies in ancient China, which is simple and cheap. Some systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide evidence for acupuncture in the treatment of SUI. Due to the quality of the study, these research results are not very reliable.
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Slaughter-Acey, Jaime, Kathryn Behrens, Amy M. Claussen, Timothy Usset, Carrie Neerland, Sameerah Bilal-Roby, Huda Bashir, et al. Social and Structural Determinants of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer264.
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Objective. The purpose was to review available evidence of risk factors associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States during the prenatal and postpartum periods to inform a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Identifying Risks and Interventions to Optimize Postpartum Health, held November 29–December 1, 2022. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, and the Social Sciences Citation Index through November 2022. Review methods. We searched for observational studies examining exposures related to social and structural determinants of health and at least one health or healthcare-related outcome for pregnant and birthing people. We extracted basic study information and grouped studies by social and structural determinants of health domains and maternal outcomes. We prioritized studies according to study design and rigor of analytic approaches to address selection bias based on the ROBINS-E. We summarize all included studies and provide additional descriptions of direction of association between potential risk exposures and outcomes. Results. We identified 8,378 unique references, with 118 included studies reporting social and structural determinants of health associated with maternal health outcomes. Studies covered risk factors broadly, including identity and discrimination, socioeconomic, violence, trauma, psychological stress, structural/institutional, rural/urban, environment, comorbidities, hospital, and healthcare use factors. However, the risk factors we identified represent only a subset of potential social and structural determinants of interest. We found an unexpectedly large volume of research on violence and trauma relative to other potential exposures of interest for pregnant people. Outcome domains included maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cardio/metabolic disorders, weathering (the physiological effect of premature aging caused by chronic stressful experiences), depression, other mental health or substance use disorders, and cost/healthcare use outcomes. Depression/other mental health outcomes represented a large proportion of medical outcomes captured. Risk of bias was high, and rarely did studies report the excess risk attributable to a specific exposure. Conclusions. Identifying risk factors pregnant and birthing people face is vitally important. Limited depth and quality of available research within each social and structural determinant of health impeded our ability to outline specific pathways, including risk factor interdependence. While more recently published literature showed a trend toward increased rigor, future research can emphasize techniques that estimate the causal impacts of risk factors. Improved reporting in studies, along with organized and curated catalogues of maternal health exposures and their presumed mechanisms, would make it easier to examine exposures in the future. In the longer term, the field could be advanced by datasets designed to more fully capture the data required to robustly examine racism and other social and structural determinants of health, in combination with their intersections and feedback loops with other biologic/medical risk factors.
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Leavy, Michelle B., Danielle Cooke, Sarah Hajjar, Erik Bikelman, Bailey Egan, Diana Clarke, Debbie Gibson, Barbara Casanova, and Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Report on Registry Configuration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcregistryoutcome.
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Background: Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder. Many pressing questions regarding depression treatment and outcomes exist, and new, efficient research approaches are necessary to address them. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility and value of capturing the harmonized depression outcome measures in the clinical workflow and submitting these data to different registries. Secondary objectives include demonstrating the feasibility of using these data for patient-centered outcomes research and developing a toolkit to support registries interested in sharing data with external researchers. Methods: The harmonized outcome measures for depression were developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based process supported by AHRQ. For this implementation effort, the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, each recruited 10 pilot sites from existing registry sites, added the harmonized measures to the registry platform, and submitted the project for institutional review board review Results: The process of preparing each registry to calculate the harmonized measures produced three major findings. First, some clarifications were necessary to make the harmonized definitions operational. Second, some data necessary for the measures are not routinely captured in structured form (e.g., PHQ-9 item 9, adverse events, suicide ideation and behavior, and mortality data). Finally, capture of the PHQ-9 requires operational and technical modifications. The next phase of this project will focus collection of the baseline and follow-up PHQ-9s, as well as other supporting clinical documentation. In parallel to the data collection process, the project team will examine the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract information on PHQ-9 scores, adverse events, and suicidal behaviors from unstructured data. Conclusion: This pilot project represents the first practical implementation of the harmonized outcome measures for depression. Initial results indicate that it is feasible to calculate the measures within the two patient registries, although some challenges were encountered related to the harmonized definition specifications, the availability of the necessary data, and the clinical workflow for collecting the PHQ-9. The ongoing data collection period, combined with an evaluation of the utility of natural language processing for these measures, will produce more information about the practical challenges, value, and burden of using the harmonized measures in the primary care and mental health setting. These findings will be useful to inform future implementations of the harmonized depression outcome measures.
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Schnabel, Filipina, and Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.
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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools into the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of DM2 and no initial diagnosis of depression or other mental illnesses. Chart reviews included those from 2018 or prior for before integration data and 2020 to present for after integration. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from a pool of 33,695 patients in the clinic with DM2 from the year 2013-2021. Thirty of the patients were prior to the integration of depression screening tools PHQ2 and PHQ9 into the EHR, while the other half were post-integration. The study population ranged from 18-83 years old. Results All subjects (100%) were screened using PHQ2 before integration and after integration. Twenty percent of patients screened had a positive PHQ2 among subjects before integration, while 10% had a positive PHQ2 after integration. Twenty percent of patients were screened with a PHQ9 pre-integration which accounted for 100% of those subjects with a positive PHQ2. However, of the 10% of patients with a positive PHQ2 post-integration, only 6.7 % of subjects were screened, which means not all patients with a positive PHQ2 were adequately screened post-integration. Interestingly, 10% of patients were treated with antidepressants before integration, while none were treated with medications in the post-integration group. There were no referrals made to the behavior team in either group. Conclusion There is no difference between the prevalence of depression screening before or after integration of depression screening tools in the EHR. The study noted that there is a decrease in the treatment using antidepressants after integration. However, other undetermined conditions could have influenced this. Furthermore, not all patients with positive PHQ2 in the after-integration group were screened with PHQ9. The authors are unsure if the integration of the depression screens influenced this change. In both groups, there is no difference between referrals to the behavior team. Implications to Nursing Practice This quality improvement study shows that providers are good at screening their DM2 patients for depression whether the screening tools were incorporated in the EHR or not. However, future studies regarding providers, support staff, and patient convenience relating to accessibility and availability of the tool should be made. Additional issues to consider are documentation reliability, hours of work to scan documents in the chart, risk of documentation getting lost, and the use of paper that requires shredding to comply with privacy.