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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental Diagnosis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Mallet, Jasmina, Caroline Dubertret, and Olivier Huillard. "Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders Before Cancer Diagnosis." JAMA Oncology 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5293.

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2

Dégi L., Csaba, and Piroska Balog. "Medical, psychological and social aspects of cancer diagnosis disclosure and non-disclosure." Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika 10, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mental.10.2009.1.1.

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3

Walker, W. O., and C. P. Johnson. "Mental Retardation: Overview and Diagnosis." Pediatrics in Review 27, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.27-6-204.

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4

Grant, Donald C., and Edwin Harari. "Diagnosis and Serious Mental Illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 4 (August 1996): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065015.

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We examine some limitations of the psychiatric diagnosis, particularly in the assessment of the seriousness of a patient';;s mental illness. The bureaucratic or technocratic use of the concept ‘serious mental illness’ is contrasted with the perspective of the clinician who provides ongoing patient care. A decline in the clinical skills of psychiatrists is likely if proposed mental health reforms regulate psychiatric practice according to bureaucratic and technocratic definitions of serious mental illness rather than the realities of the clinical encounter between patient and doctor.

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5

Ormerod, W. E. "Unjustified diagnosis of mental disorder." Lancet 337, no. 8753 (June 1991): 1331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92992-b.

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6

Lu, Donghao, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, and Fang Fang. "Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders Before Cancer Diagnosis—Reply." JAMA Oncology 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5279.

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7

Henriksson, Markus M., Mauri J. Marttunen, Erkki T. Isometsä, Martti E. Heikkinen, Hillevi M. Aro, Kimmo I. Kuoppasalmi, and Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Mental Disorders in Elderly Suicide." International Psychogeriatrics 7, no. 2 (June 1995): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295002031.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and comorbidity of current mental disorders defined by DSM-III-R among elderly suicide victims and to compare them with the mental disorders among younger victims. Using a psychological autopsy method, we collected comprehensive data on all suicides in Finland during 1 year. Retrospective Axis I-III consensus diagnoses were assigned to a random sample consisting of 43 victims aged 60 years or over and 186 victims aged under 60 from the nationwide suicide population. At least one Axis I diagnosis was made for 91% of the elderly victims. Major depression as the principal diagnosis was more common among the elderly victims. Almost all elderly female victims were major depressives. Psychiatric comorbidity was more common among elderly male than among elderly female victims. More of the elderly victims (88%) than the younger (36%) received Axis III diagnoses. Suicide among the elderly without a diagnosable mental disorder and somatopsychiatric comorbidity seems to be rare.

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8

Anderson, Bernard, and Richard Khoo. "Mental illness: diagnosis or value judgment?" British Journal of Nursing 3, no. 18 (October 13, 1994): 957–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1994.3.18.957.

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9

Oltmanns, Thomas F. "Assessment and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 43, no. 12 (December 1998): 831–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/001871.

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10

The Lancet. "DSM-5: diagnosis of mental disorders." Lancet 376, no. 9739 (August 2010): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61204-4.

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11

Troisi, Alfonso. "The evolutionary diagnosis of mental disorder." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 6, no. 3 (January 23, 2015): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1339.

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12

Coelho, Richard J., and Jodi L. Saunders. "Diagnostic Implications of Dual Diagnosis: Mental Retardation and Mental Illness." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 27, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.27.4.19.

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Individuals with mental retardation are at a greater than average risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Many of these individuals are being seen by rehabilitation counselors through various community settings. The accurate diagnosis of psychopathology within this at-risk population helps the rehabilitation counselor to develop and implement appropriate service delivery. Thus, the diagnostic process is a critical aspect of the counseling process. This article examines diagnostic issues and challenges for determining psychopathology in individuals with mental retardation. Aspects of mental retardation that influence the diagnostic process, assessment measures, the importance of the clinical interview, and implications for rehabilitation counselors who are working with this population are also addressed.

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13

Gülöksüz, S. "Risk profiles for mental disorders." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.220.

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Abstract BodyPrognostication is at the bedrock of clinical practice. In essence, diagnosis aims to inform clinicians for decision-making processes by providing a picture of future events such as course, outcome, and treatment response. To make a better clinical prediction on a case-by-case basis, diagnosis is enriched by individual characteristics and (bio)markers, with the aims of stratifying patients first and ultimately reaching the mountaintop: personalized medicine. However, there are two major obstacles on the road to personalized psychiatry. First, the current psychiatric diagnostic classification system is inadequate for tailoring individualized management plan, let alone for guiding the clinician for diagnosis-specific treatment selection—such that response to the same treatment plan largely varies among patients with the same psychiatric diagnosis, whereas patients with different psychiatric diagnoses benefit similarly from the same treatment protocol. Second, except for a few tests for ruling out other medical conditions, there exists no diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive (bio)marker in psychiatry. Risk profiling is even a more challenging and ambitious goal as early psychopathology is multidimensional, fluid, and pluripotent with heterotypic outcomes that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries. By acknowledging this complexity and the shortcomings of current taxonomy, the field has recently shifted from risk profiling frameworks that rely on discrete diagnostic categories in isolation for prognostication (i.e. clinical high-risk for psychosis) to transdiagnostic clinical staging models. In this session, I will attempt to discuss where we are at with risk profiling in psychiatry and what steps need to be taken to achieve this ambitious goal.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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14

Stone, Louise, Elizabeth Waldron, and Heather Nowak. "Making a good mental health diagnosis: Science, art and ethics." Australian Journal of General Practice 49, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-08-20-5606.

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Background There are limitations to psychiatric classification, which affects the utility of diagnosis in general practice. Objective The aim of this article is to explore the principles of science, art and ethics to create clinically useful psychiatric diagnoses in general practice. Discussion Psychiatric classification systems provide useful constructs for clinical practice and research. Evidence-based treatments are based on the classification of mental illnesses. However, while classification is necessary, it is not sufficient to provide a full understanding of ‘what is going on’. A good psychiatric diagnosis will also include a formulation, which provides an understanding of the psychosocial factors that provide a context for illness. Experiences such as trauma and marginalisation will change the illness experience but also provide other forms of evidence that shape therapy. Diagnoses also carry ethical implications, including stigma and changes in self‑concept. The science, art and ethics of diagnosis need to be integrated to provide a complete assessment.

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15

Beard, John R., Uta C. Dietrich, Lyndon O. Brooks, Robert T. Brooks, Kathy Heathcote, and Brian Kelly. "Incidence and Outcomes of Mental Disorders in a Regional Population: The Northern Rivers Mental Health Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (August 2006): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01867.x.

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Objectives: To estimate the incidence of mental disorders in a cohort of previously symptom-free individuals who are representatives of a regional Australian population. To map changing patterns of diagnosis and comorbidity within the cohort over a 2 year period. Method: Two year follow-up of a community-based cohort drawn from a telephone screening of 9191 randomly selected adults. Subjects were administered a comprehensive face-to-face interview which included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A total of 1407 subjects were interviewed at baseline, and 968 subjects were reinterviewed (a 68.8% follow-up rate). Results: There was considerable change in disorder status over the study period, and analysis of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview scoring suggests that these changes reflected real changes in symptomatology. Of subjects interviewed at both baseline and follow-up, 638 were classified as disorder-free at their entry to the study. After 2 years, 98 of these met criteria for a mental disorder during the preceding 12 months. After adjusting for sampling and gender, the 12 month incidence of any mental disorder among subjects who had been disorder-free 2 years previously was 9.95 per hundred person-years at risk. At baseline, a further 330 subjects met ICD-10 criteria for a mental disorder during the previous 12 months. Two years later, 167 of these subjects (50.6%) were disorder-free, and 163 still met the criteria for a mental disorder, although there had often been considerable change in their diagnosis. Subjects with a mental disorder at the commencement of the study were significantly more likely than those without a disorder to have a positive diagnosis 2 years later (p < 0.001). The number of diagnoses at baseline was a strong predictor of the number of diagnoses at follow-up (p < 0.001), and each additional comorbid diagnosis at baseline also increased the probability of a persisting disorder at follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over a 2 year period, the majority of subjects with a mental disorder will become disorder-free, while a significant number of previously disorder-free individuals will develop a positive diagnosis. Health services need to be designed to meet this labile demand.

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16

Brems, Christiane, Mark E. Johnson, Randall Burns, and Nicholas Kletti. "Dual Diagnosis: Variations Across Differing Comorbid Diagnoses." Journal of Dual Diagnosis 2, no. 3 (July 24, 2006): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j374v02n03_10.

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17

McKinnon, Caroline R., and Jane T. Garvin. "Weight Reduction Goal Achievement Among Veterans With Mental Health Diagnoses." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 25, no. 4 (September 21, 2018): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318800594.

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BACKGROUND: Despite the use of weight management programs among veterans, the impact of mental health diagnoses on weight reduction goal achievement is unknown. AIMS: We aimed to describe the prevalence and association of mental health diagnoses with a 5% weight reduction goal achievement. METHODS: Logistic regression was used to describe the association between mental health diagnoses and weight reduction goal achievement at 6, 12, and 24 months among 402 veterans enrolled in a weight management program. RESULTS: More than 43% of veterans had a mental health diagnoses, with depressive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders being the most prevalent. At all three times, simply having a mental health diagnosis was not associated with weight reduction goal achievement. Specific diagnoses were associated with a greater likelihood of achieving weight reduction goals at 12 months (PTSD and Drug Use Disorder) and 24 months (Anxiety Disorder and Other Mental Health Diagnosis). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that unhealthy weight is quite common for individuals with mental health diagnoses; however, weight reduction goal achievement may be equally likely for those with and without mental health diagnoses. The prevalence of mental health diagnoses among veterans seeking weight reduction suggests that psychiatric nurses should be aware of this common comorbidity.

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18

Lu, Donghao, Therese M. L. Andersson, Katja Fall, Christina M. Hultman, Kamila Czene, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, and Fang Fang. "Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders Immediately Before and After Cancer Diagnosis." JAMA Oncology 2, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0483.

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19

Bickman, Leonard, Lynne G. Wighton, E. Warren Lambert, Marc S. Karver, and Lindsey Steding. "Problems in Using Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Research." Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (October 2, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/jmm.v3i1.16110.

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This paper presents results from a three-part study on diagnosis of children with affective and behavior disorders. We examined the reliability, discriminant, and predictive validity of common diagnoses used in mental health services research using a research diagnostic interview. Results suggest four problems: a) some diagnoses demonstrate internal consistency only slightly better than symptoms chosen at random; b) diagnosis did not add appreciably to a brief global functioning screen in predicting service use; c) low inter-rater reliability among informants and clinicians for six of the most common diagnoses; and d) clinician diagnoses differed between sites in ways that reflect different reimbursement strategies. The study concludes that clinicians and researchers should not assume diagnosis is a useful measure of child and adolescent problems and outcomes until there is more evidence supporting the validity of diagnosis.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i1_bickman

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20

Bickman, Leonard, Lynne G. Wighton, E. Warren Lambert, Marc S. Karver, and Lindsey Steding. "Problems in Using Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Research." Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (October 2, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v3i1.16110.

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This paper presents results from a three-part study on diagnosis of children with affective and behavior disorders. We examined the reliability, discriminant, and predictive validity of common diagnoses used in mental health services research using a research diagnostic interview. Results suggest four problems: a) some diagnoses demonstrate internal consistency only slightly better than symptoms chosen at random; b) diagnosis did not add appreciably to a brief global functioning screen in predicting service use; c) low inter-rater reliability among informants and clinicians for six of the most common diagnoses; and d) clinician diagnoses differed between sites in ways that reflect different reimbursement strategies. The study concludes that clinicians and researchers should not assume diagnosis is a useful measure of child and adolescent problems and outcomes until there is more evidence supporting the validity of diagnosis.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i1_bickman

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21

Mitchell, Edward W. "The ethics of unsolicited diagnosis of mental disorder in acquaintances: benefits and dangers." Psychiatrist 35, no. 8 (August 2011): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.032953.

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SummaryI examine here the activity of ‘unsolicited diagnosis' of psychiatric disorder – the act of informing a person that they show signs and symptoms of mental disorder, outside of a patient-professional relationship. Whether unsolicited psychiatric diagnosis is a legitimate ethical activity for psychiatrists (and other healthcare professionals) in which to engage is an issue founded upon the trade-off between potential benefits and harm to the recipient of the diagnosis. However, potential harm specific to a psychiatric diagnosis (such as issues related to stigma, confidentiality and paternalism) suggests that making unsolicited diagnoses of psychiatric disorder is even more ethically fraught than making unsolicited diagnoses of physical disorder.

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22

Leclair, Norma J., Steven W. Leclair, and Christopher R. Brigham. "Multiaxial Diagnosis of Mental and Behavioral Disorders." Guides Newsletter 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.novdec01.

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Abstract Most health care professionals who diagnose and treat mental disorders use the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition–Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR), which uses a multiaxial system to ensure a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the patient's presenting symptoms, general medical condition, psychosocial and environmental problems, and level of function. The five axes are mental disorders; personality and mental disorders; general medical conditions; psychosocial and environmental problems, and global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale. Psychosocial and environmental problems may affect diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders; the problems or stressors can contribute to the development of a mental disorder or can be the result of a mental disorder. The multiaxial assessment process should result in the following; documentation of the primary and any secondary mental and behavioral disorders; definition of physical disorders that may be present and indication if they are related to or influence the mental and behavioral disorders; identification of environmental stressors that may affect, contribute to, complicate, or exacerbate the mental and behavioral disorder; and a rating of the person's psychological, social, and occupational functioning. A table shows the GAF scale (ratings by deciles from 1 to 100; higher numbers indicate fewer problems) and does not include impairments that result from physical or environmental limitations.

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23

Schwartz, Robert, Jonathan Lent, and Jonathan Geihsler. "Gender and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: Implications for Mental Health Counseling." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.4.914g2n123u771316.

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The DSM-IV-TR and epidemiological studies have documented disproportionate gender-related prevalence rates for various mental disorders. However, mental health counselors have largely been omitted from the research base. This study investigated whether gender-specific prevalence rates differ in terms of counselor diagnoses of certain mood, psychotic, adjustment, childhood, and substance-related disorders, and whether these diagnoses exhibit the same gender-related differences as those reported in the DSM-IV-TR and by researchers who are not counselors (N =1,583). Chi square analyses revealed that all disorders studied were disproportionately diagnosed at rates consistent with previously published gender-specific statistics. Clinical and research implications are discussed as they relate to mental health counseling.

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24

Weiss, Mary Jane. "Dual Diagnosis: Updated Information on Treating Mental Illness and Mental Retardation." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 11 (November 1995): 1098–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004138.

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25

Singh, Nirbhay N., Aradhana Sood, Neil Sonenklar, and Cynthia R. Ellis. "Assessment and Diagnosis of Mental Illness in Persons with Mental Retardation." Behavior Modification 15, no. 3 (July 1991): 419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455910153008.

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26

Sellman, J. Douglas, Alexander R. Wootton, David B. Stoner, Daryle E. Deering, and Brian J. Craig. "Increasing Diagnosis of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescent Mental Health Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00619.x.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the routine recording patterns of patients' smoking by clinical staff of an adolescent mental health service over a 3-year period. Method: A systematic examination of the clinical files of all patients who underwent an initial assessment or reassessment at the Youth Specialty Service (Mental Health; YSS) over a 2-month period (1 April-31 May) was carried out in 1996, 1997 and 1998. A range of data were collected including: demographics; diagnoses; amount of total information recorded and history of nicotine dependence. Results: A stable historical record of cigarette smoking in the region of 30–40% across the 3 years sampled was found, but the rate of formal diagnosis of nicotine dependence rose from 3.6% in 1996 to 26.3% in 1998. This rise was in the context of relative stability over this time period of: size of reports and relevant sections (alcohol and drug history, cigarette smoking history); three other key diagnoses, major depression, conduct disorder and alcohol dependence; and demographic data. The rise in rate of diagnosis proceeded specific discussion within the clinical team about nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Adolescent mental health settings are a key venue to address heavy and potentially chronic cigarette smoking, but nicotine dependence has been traditionally a neglected diagnosis in mental health patients. The rate of diagnosis is likely to rise when specific discussion is undertaken within clinical teams.

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27

Parker, Tassy, Philip A. May, Marcello A. Maviglia, Steven Petrakis, Scott Sunde, and Susan V. Gloyd. "PRIME-MD: Its Utility in Detecting Mental Disorders in American Indians." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/c6fd-7qwb-kngr-m844.

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Objective: To examine the utility of using PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) for diagnosing mental disorders in American Indians. Method: One hundred randomly selected, adult, American-Indian patients who receive health care services at an urban Indian Health Service primary care clinic were evaluated for mental disorder by three primary care physicians using the PRIME-MD diagnostic assessment procedure. The main outcome measures were PRIME-MD diagnoses, diagnoses by an independent mental health professional, and treatment/referral decisions. Results: Eighteen percent of the patients had a threshold (met full DSM-IV criteria) PRIME-MD diagnosis, and an additional 17 percent had a subthreshold PRIME-MD diagnosis. The most frequently occurring PRIME-MD diagnoses were: probable alcohol abuse/dependence, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Over 60 percent of the patients with a PRIME-MD diagnosis who were known “somewhat” or “fairly well” to their physician had not been recognized as having that psychiatric disorder prior to the PRIME-MD assessment. Therapy and/or referral was initiated for nineteen of the twenty-seven patients with a PRIME-MD diagnosis who were not previously receiving treatment. The primary care physicians were able to complete the PRIME-MD evaluations within an average of 7.8 minutes. There was a fair agreement between the PRIME-MD diagnoses and the diagnoses of the mental health professional (kappa = 0.56; overall accuracy rate = 79%). Conclusions: The present study represents the first formal examination of the use of PRIME-MD with American Indians. The results are encouraging. Further studies using PRIME-MD with other urban groups and reservation populations are recommended.

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28

Haag, Amanda Leigh. "Biomarkers trump behavior in mental illness diagnosis." Nature Medicine 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0107-3.

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29

Cannington, Victoria. "Mental Illness and the Body, Beyond Diagnosis." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 29, no. 1 (January 2008): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840701749134.

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30

Vicentic, Sreten, and Ivan Dimitrijevic. "Dual diagnosis: Mental disorders vs. substances abuse." Engrami 37, no. 3 (2015): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/engrami1503033v.

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31

Lavoie-Tremblay, Melanie, Jean-Pierre Bonin, Alain Lesage, Lambert Farand, Geneviève L. Lavigne, and Julie Trudel. "Implementation of Diagnosis-Related Mental Health Programs." Health Care Manager 30, no. 1 (January 2011): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hcm.0b013e3182078a95.

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32

Butorin, G., T. Kolesnichenko, and I. Kuprin. "The Diagnosis of Mental Retardation in Orphans." European Psychiatry 12, S2 (1997): 222s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80699-2.

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33

Botturi, A., E. Lamperti, C. Y. Finocchiaro, F. R. Berrini, D. Ferrari, L. Fariselli, and A. Salmaggi. "Consent and awareness: mental conditions at diagnosis." Neurological Sciences 32, S2 (October 20, 2011): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-011-0791-1.

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34

Johnson, Chris Plauche’, William O. Walker, Sandra A. Palomo-González, and Cynthia J. Curry. "Mental Retardation: Diagnosis, Management, and Family Support." Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 36, no. 4 (April 2006): 126–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2005.11.005.

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35

Yang, Kun, Guang Ming Yang, Yong Huang, and Pan De Jing. "Hydraulic Mental Structure Health Diagnosis Weighting Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.925.

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By means of inductive analysis the health diagnosis weighting methods in engineering, this paper discusses the basic principle, advantages, disadvantages and applicable scope of weighting methods. On the basis, combining with multi-level, multi-standard and multi-factor characteristic of hydraulic metal structures health diagnosis, the methods of AHP, information gain, information diffusion and improved entropy are studied, which are applicable to hydraulic metal structures health diagnosis weighting. Based on fuzzy theory, the fuzzy multi-level comprehensive weighting method is put forward and studied, which combined both subjective and objective method advantages and its complementary. In addition, it provides the necessary theory foundation and new ideas for the development of hydraulic metal structure health diagnosis technology.

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36

Matson, Johnny L., and Jay A. Sevin. "Theories of dual diagnosis in mental retardation." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62, no. 1 (1994): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.62.1.6.

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37

Edwards, Megan. "Mental Illness and the Body: Beyond Diagnosis." Journal of Advanced Nursing 60, no. 1 (October 2007): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04414.x.

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38

Gupta, A., W. Shelton, R. Singh, and A. Pandey. "Altered mental status: what is the diagnosis?" Case Reports 2015, feb12 1 (February 12, 2015): bcr2014207533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-207533.

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39

Chandra, Satish, and Girimaji R. "Early Diagnosis and Management of Mental Retardation." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 13, no. 2 (July 1990): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975156419900212.

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40

Stein, Steven J. "Computer-assisted Diagnosis in Children's Mental Health." Applied Psychology 36, no. 3-4 (July 1987): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1987.tb01196.x.

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41

Hasnawati, Saptiah, and Herni Susanti. "Pengalaman Menjalani Proses Pemulihan Individu dengan Ketergantungan NAPZA dan Gangguan Jiwa." Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Stikes Hang Tuah Surbaya 16, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30643/jiksht.v16i2.150.

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Introduction: Drug abuse is a serious problem in every country. Indonesia is geographically located across two continents that allow illegal drugs to enter. More and more drug users, every year have increased. There is some research on drug cases including research on the process of rehabilitation of individuals with dual diagnosis, namely drug dependence, and mental disorders. Objective: This study aims to explore the experience of undergoing the recovery process of individuals with dual diagnoses: drug dependence and mental disorders. Method: phenomenological qualitative research. Keywords used: mental disorders, drug abuse, and recovery. Results: Obtained as many as 15 participants who met the criteria, with the concepts obtained related to the experience of individuals with dual diagnoses found 5 themes namely manifestations of mental disorders that were perceived as not dominant accompanying, varied experiences in carrying out rehabilitation in dual diagnosis individuals, individual efforts to better, better future expectations, experience in adolescence before undergoing dual diagnosis. Conclusion: experience undergoing the recovery process of individuals with dual diagnoses of drug addiction and mental disorders is a specific condition that requires more complex treatment. so that conditions recover from mental disorders and prevent recurrence of drug use can be achieved by individuals.

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42

Russell, Denise. "Psychiatric Diagnosis as a Precursor to Research Diffi culties in Mental Health." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 9, no. 1 (March 2007): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/152315007780493780.

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The starting point for most mental health research is psychiatric diagnosis. If diagnoses are controversial or unreliable, then the results of the research will be difficult to interpret and its value will be undercut. The most widely used system of psychiatric diagnosis is found in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This article looks at the conceptual core of diagnosis in the latest manual, examines the definition of mental disorder, and exposes some key underlying conceptual issues especially with regard to the notions of “distress,” “impairment,” and “dysfunction.” The role of subjectivity and values in the application of these concepts is also stressed and discussed in relation to specific mental disorders.

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43

Trevithick, Liam, Jon Painter, and Patrick Keown. "Mental health clustering and diagnosis in psychiatric in-patients." BJPsych Bulletin 39, no. 3 (June 2015): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.047043.

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Aims and methodThis paper investigates the relationship between cluster (Mental Health Clustering Tool, MHCT) and diagnosis in an in-patient population. We analysed the diagnostic make-up of each cluster and the clinical utility of the diagnostic advice in the Department of Health's Mental Health Clustering Booklet. In-patients discharged from working-age adult and older people's services of a National Health Service trust over 1 year were included. Cluster on admission was compared with primary diagnosis on discharge.ResultsOrganic, schizophreniform, anxiety disorder and personality disorders aligned to one superclass cluster. Alcohol and substance misuse, and mood disorders distributed evenly across psychosis and non-psychosis superclass clusters. Two-thirds of diagnoses fell within the MHCT ‘likely’ group and a tenth into the ‘unlikely’ group.Clinical implicationsCluster and diagnosis are best viewed as complimentary systems to describe an individual's needs. Improvements are suggested to the MHCT diagnostic advice in in-patient settings. Substance misuse and affective disorders have a more complex distribution between superclass clusters than all other broad diagnostic groups.

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Yan, Wen-Jing, Qian-Nan Ruan, and Ke Jiang. "Challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Recognizing Mental Disorders." Diagnostics 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010002.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) appears to be making important advances in the prediction and diagnosis of mental disorders. Researchers have used visual, acoustic, verbal, and physiological features to train models to predict or aid in the diagnosis, with some success. However, such systems are rarely applied in clinical practice, mainly because of the many challenges that currently exist. First, mental disorders such as depression are highly subjective, with complex symptoms, individual differences, and strong socio-cultural ties, meaning that their diagnosis requires comprehensive consideration. Second, there are many problems with the current samples, such as artificiality, poor ecological validity, small sample size, and mandatory category simplification. In addition, annotations may be too subjective to meet the requirements of professional clinicians. Moreover, multimodal information does not solve the current challenges, and within-group variations are greater than between-group characteristics, also posing significant challenges for recognition. In conclusion, current AI is still far from effectively recognizing mental disorders and cannot replace clinicians’ diagnoses in the near future. The real challenge for AI-based mental disorder diagnosis is not a technical one, nor is it wholly about data, but rather our overall understanding of mental disorders in general.

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KHATTAK, NAUREEN ASLAM, MUZAMMIL AHMAD KHAN, and ABIDA RAZA. "MENTAL RETARDATION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 04 (December 10, 2011): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2573.

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Mental retardation, also termed as learning impairment or cognitive dysfunction, is a serious manifestation of nervous system. The defining features of mental retardation are low or subaverage intellectual functioning (Intelligence quotient<70), impairment in at least two of the adaptive skills (e.g communication ability, self care, self guidance, reading, writing ability, etc) before 18 year of age1. Molecular cytogenetics is the study of genetic disorders using advanced technologies combined with cytogenetic and molecular methodologies2. Molecular diagnosis has equal importance as clinical diagnosis in mental retardation and day by day new advancement in these methodologies are being introduced by molecular cytogeneticists. The promising achievement of molecular cytogenetic techniques is the genetic counseling of high risk pregnancies. The current mini-survey of literature discusses an overview of these techniques employed to investigate deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation of chromosomes associated with mental retardation.

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Wang, Tzu-Hua, Mei-Hung Chiu, Jing-Wen Lin, and Chin-Cheng Chou. "Diagnosing students' mental models via the Web-Based Mental Models Diagnosis system." British Journal of Educational Technology 44, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): E49—E51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01328.x.

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Jencks, S. F. "Recognition of mental distress and diagnosis of mental disorder in primary care." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 13 (April 5, 1985): 1903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.253.13.1903.

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Jencks, Stephen F. "Recognition of Mental Distress and Diagnosis of Mental Disorder in Primary Care." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 13 (April 5, 1985): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350370099032.

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Regalado, Pilar, and Pablo Gagliesi. "MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SURVEY ABOUT BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS." PSIENCIA Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5872/psiencia/4.2.21.

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Abdel-Har, Ali Hussein. "Microbial Diagnosis in Neonatal Meningitis." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201818.

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