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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental body representations'
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Longo, Matthew R. "Distortion of mental body representations." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 26, no. 3 (March 2022): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.005.
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Cocchini, Gianna, Toni Galligan, Laura Mora, and Gustav Kuhn. "The magic hand: Plasticity of mental hand representation." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 11 (January 1, 2018): 2314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817741606.
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Internal spatial body configurations are crucial to successfully interact with the environment and to experience our body as a three-dimensional volumetric entity. These representations are highly malleable and are modulated by a multitude of afferent and motor information. Despite some studies reporting the impact of sensory and motor modulation on body representations, the long-term relationship between sensory information and mental representation of own body parts is still unclear. We investigated hand representation in a group of expert sleight-of-hand magicians and in a group of age-matched adults naïve to magic (controls). Participants were asked to localise landmarks of their fingers when their hand position was congruent with the mental representation (Experiment 1) and when proprioceptive information was “misleading” (Experiment 2). Magicians outperformed controls in both experiments, suggesting that extensive training in sleight of hand has a profound effect in refining hand representation. Moreover, the impact of training seems to have a high body-part specificity, with a maximum impact for those body sections used more prominently during the training. Interestingly, it seems that sleight-of-hand training can lead to a specific improvement of hand mental representation, which relies less on proprioceptive information.
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Moro, Valentina, Michela Corbella, Silvio Ionta, Federico Ferrari, and Michele Scandola. "Cognitive Training Improves Disconnected Limbs’ Mental Representation and Peripersonal Space after Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189589.
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Paraplegia following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the mental representation and peripersonal space of the paralysed body parts (i.e., lower limbs). Physical rehabilitation programs can improve these aspects, but the benefits are mostly partial and short-lasting. These limits could be due to the absence of trainings focused on SCI-induced cognitive deficits combined with traditional physical rehabilitation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in 15 SCI-individuals the effects of adding cognitive recovery protocols (motor imagery–MI) to standard physical rehabilitation programs (Motor + MI training) on mental body representations and space representations, with respect to physical rehabilitation alone (control training). Each training comprised at least eight sessions administered over two weeks. The status of participants’ mental body representation and peripersonal space was assessed at three time points: before the training (T0), after the training (T1), and in a follow-up assessment one month later (T2). The Motor + MI training induced short-term recovery of peripersonal space that however did not persist at T2. Body representation showed a slower neuroplastic recovery at T2, without differences between Motor and the Motor + MI. These results show that body and space representations are plastic after lesions, and open new rehabilitation perspectives.
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Mirucka, Beata, and Monika Kisielewska. "Mental Representations of the Body and Malleability of the Sense of Body Ownership in Schizophrenia within the Embodied Subject Model." Kultura i Edukacja 142, no. 4 (2023): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2023.04.06.
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The presented study was intended to shed some new light on the disturbance of body experience in persons with schizophrenia in reference to the Embodied Subject Model. The model proposes to complement theoretical linkages between concepts related to bodiness – body self and mental representations of the body (body schema, body image, body awareness) and a relatively new concept of body identity. The main research questions were: Given that persons with schizophrenia are characterised by the painful experience of their body as an external object, would they also manifest i/ weakened sensorimotor integration mechanisms, ii/ disordered mental representations of the body, iii/ weakened sense of body ownership? 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 41 matched controls participated in the Rubber Hand Illusion procedure. Body representations were measured with a Battery of Tests of the Body Self Representations. The individuals with schizophrenia showed lower scores in three body representations and greater susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion. It suggests that the explanation of susceptibility to disturbances in the sense of body ownership should be focused on the deficient structure of mental representations of the body.
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Di Vita, Antonella, Maria Cristina Cinelli, Simona Raimo, Maddalena Boccia, Stefano Buratin, Paola Gentili, Maria Teresa Inzitari, et al. "Body Representations in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Brain Sciences 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080490.
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We constantly process top-down and bottom-up inputs concerning our own body that interact to form body representations (BR). Even if some evidence showed BR deficits in children with cerebral palsy, a systematic study that evaluates different kinds of BR in these children, taking into account the possible presence of a general deficit affecting non-body mental representations, is currently lacking. Here we aimed at investigating BR (i.e., Body Semantics, Body Structural Representation and Body Schema) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) taking into account performance in tasks involving body stimuli and performance in tasks involving non-body stimuli. Thirty-three CP (age range: 5–12 years) were compared with a group of 103 typically-developing children (TDC), matched for age and sex. 63.64% of children with CP showed a very poor performance in body representation processing. Present data also show alterations in different body representations in CP in specific developmental stages. In particular, CP and TDC performances did not differ between 5 to 7 years old, whereas CP between 8 and 12 years old showed deficits in the Body Structural Representation and Body Schema but not in Body Semantics. These findings revealed the importance of taking into account the overall development of cognitive domains when investigating specific stimuli processing in children who do not present a typical development and were discussed in terms of their clinical implications.
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McCabe, D. P., D. I. Ben-Tovim, M. K. Walker, and D. Pomeroy. "Does the Body Image Exist in Three Dimensions? The Study of Visual Mental Representation of a Body and a Nonbody Object." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (February 2001): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.223.
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Do the mental Images of 3-dimensional objects recreate the depth characteristics of the original objects' This investigation of the characteristics of mental images utilized a novel boundary-detection task that required participants to relate a pair of crosses to the boundary of an image mentally projected onto a computer screen. 48 female participants with body attitudes within expected normal range were asked to image their own body and a familiar object from the front and the side. When the visual mental image was derived purely from long-term memory, accuracy was better than chance for the front (64%) and side (63%) of the body and also for the front (55%) and side (68%) of the familiar nonbody object. This suggests that mental images containing depth and spatial information may be generated from information held in long-term memory. Pictorial exposure to views of the front or side of the objects was used to investigate the representations from which this 3-dimensional shape and size information is derived. The results are discussed in terms of three possible representational formats and argue that a front-view 2½-dimensional representation mediates the transfer of information from long-term memory when depth information about the body is required.
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Miscevic Kadijevic, Gordana. "MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT DIFFERENT ANIMALS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 16, no. 4 (August 25, 2017): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/17.16.500.
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Adequate mental representations of animals are important for children’s personal development, because they result in their appropriate treatment of such animals, which would not, for example, compromise either animals’ or children’s safety. By using a convenient sample of 101 six- to seven-year old children, this research examined these representations regarding animals’ names, feeding habits, body coverings, and dangerousness. The representations were assessed using a questionnaire referring to 18 animals, and the research focused on the frequency of correct responses and gender differences in these responses for each animal. It was found that whereas the naming of animals was very successful, the mental representations of animals’ feeding habits and body coverings were less mature, including some misconceptions not found in previous studies. In addition, the participants’ explanations about why animals are dangerous or harmless revealed that their mental representations about different animals were correct to a moderate degree. Finally, gender differences in the mental representations were almost missing. Some implications for school or kindergarten work with children are given (e.g., reducing misconceptions about and fear of some animals). Keywords: didactically modeled activities, mental representations of animals, preschool children, preschool education.
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Lottenberg Semer, Norma, and Latife Yazigi. "The Rorschach and the Body." Rorschachiana 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604.30.1.3.
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Introduction: The Rorschach has proved to be of value in studies addressing the mind-body relationship since it enhances the understanding of this complex relation and its repercussions. Objective: To use some aspects of the Rorschach to explore the mental representation of the body through the study of self-esteem in children with enuresis. Method: The Rorschach Comprehensive System was administrated to 26 children with enuresis and 26 children without enuresis (children of the same age and social class) and 10 selected variables were tested; the Concept of the Object Scale for assessing object representations (ORS) was also used. Results: There is a significant difference in the X+% and EGO, so the children with enuresis show low self-esteem and difficulties perceiving reality. As for ORS, the children without enuresis showed greater freedom to fantasize, to use their imagination, and to identify their emotions and anxieties. The children with enuresis exhibited a greater tendency toward fragmentation in the perception of the self and of others, thus, a partial object relation. Conclusions: The Concept of the Object Scale for assessing object representations proved to be a useful instrument to grasp the level of the child’s psychological development. The study of the psychosomatic aspects permits an identification of relations between the body and self-esteem.
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Jeraj, Damian, Lisa Musculus, and Babett H. Lobinger. "BODY IMAGE AND MENTAL REPRESENTATION IN TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS WHO DO VERSUS DO NOT USE A PROSTHESIS." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/17.11.22.
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The prosthesis that athletes use should take over the function of the missing limb. Playing table tennis without constraints is one exemplary goal. The question arose whether table tennis players who used a prosthesis and players who did not show similar body image values and mental representation of movements. Five matched pairs of active table tennis players (n = 10) completed a body image questionnaire. Additionally, the mental representation of a forehand table tennis serve was assessed. Results revealed no significant differences between the two groups of athletes on mental representations. Furthermore, the integration of the prosthesis into the body image was considered satisfying by four out of the five athletes with prosthesis, the use of a prosthesis did not appear to affect athletes’ body image. Based on the research results it can be recommended that in technical and mental training sessions, one methodological approach be used for all athletes, regardless of whether they use a prosthesis. Finally, it is suggested to foster the integration of athletes who use a prosthesis into the established leagues in which athletes compete who do not use prosthesis. Key words: functional body image, mental structure, SDA-M, athletes with disabilities.
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Merenkov, Anatoly. "In-Demand Body in Representations of Pupils." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.9.
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The article considers the ideas of young people aged 16–17 about the requirements of modern society to the external characteristics of the body, internal qualities of a person on the basis of empirical research. The objectives of the study were to identify opinions about what requirements are imposed by modern society to the external characteristics of the male and female body at this age, what practices are used to make the body attractive to people around, representatives of the other sex. The opinions of those moral and aesthetic qualities, the presence of which provides the inner beauty of a person were pointed out. The author determines the influence of social networks, media personalities on the formation of the image of the body desired by young people. In 2019, 200 students of 10–11 grades of secondary schools in Ekaterinburg, which is a major industrial and cultural center of the country, were interviewed by a questionnaire method. Significant differences in the ideas of young people about what kind of body they consider to be in demand were found. According to respondents, the male body has fewer requirements than the female one. The main indicator of its outer attractiveness is the pronounced muscle mass created by regular sports activities. The inclusion of women in active labor, social activities did not lead to the approval of new ideas about her appearance. She, as before, should be attractive, regardless of what she does at work, at home, where she appears in public places. The main factors influencing the formation of ideas about the outer attractiveness of the male and female body were revealed: personal beliefs, social networks, images of media personalities. Men do not have a clearly expressed direction for constant self-improvement in order to construct themselves as healthy, with developed skills of mental activity, culturally communicative persons. Representatives of the female sex appreciate, much higher than the male, the qualities that determine the inner beauty of a person: mental abilities, the ability to behave correctly with different people, strong will, patience, responsibility. There is a danger of gender conflict intensifying in the future. Girls will have difficulties in finding partners corresponding to the level of development of their knowledge, skills, latitude of thought. They are more willing to actively participate in the social and economic and social and cultural development of a dynamically changing society.
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Miller, Luke E., Matthew R. Longo, and Ayse P. Saygin. "Mental body representations retain homuncular shape distortions: Evidence from Weber’s illusion." Consciousness and Cognition 40 (February 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.12.008.
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Costantini, Marcello, Anatolia Salone, Giovanni Martinotti, Federica Fiori, Francesca Fotia, Massimo Di Giannantonio, and Francesca Ferri. "Body representations and basic symptoms in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 222 (August 2020): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.038.
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Polikanova, Irina S. "Body schema and the system of mental representation of human movements." Theoretical and experimental psychology 17, no. 1 (2024): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/tep-24-02.
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Background. The study of mental representations of the human body has more than a century history. Although quite a lot of knowledge and research results have already been accumulated, there is still no common understanding of the body schema and body image. Despite the importance of the internal representation system for the formation and implementation of body movements, in the Russian-language literature very few works are devoted to this issue. Objective. The study had its purpose to systematize and analyze data on the body schema and body image as systems of internal representation of human movements. Results. The literature analysis showed that most researchers agree that body schema and body image are different non-identical phenomena and that body schema, or at least its parts, is innate. In the course of life, body schema plays a crucial role in the implementation of body movements, including through feedback, integration of sensorimotor experience and multimodal sensations. At the same time, the body image cannot be considered in isolation from the body schema. It is formed mainly on the basis of integration of various types of stimulation (tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, visual, etc.). In the context of studying movement formation, proprioception and vestibular reception also play a critical role. Thus, in case of the proprioception loss, the body image suffers first of all, which leads to impossibility of automatic performance of even simple movements. However, there is still a possibility to realize the motor function on the basis of the body schema. Conclusion. Body schema, being initially innate, is a relatively independent phenomenon, which is gradually adjusted, refined and perfected in the course of life, growth, and accumulation of individual experience (motor, sensory, vestibular, proprioceptive, etc.). Body image is predominantly formed during one’s life on the basis of integration of information from proprioception, multimodal receptors, sensorimotor stimulation, and feedback.
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Jabłońska, Klaudia, Michał Kuc, Maciej Rogala, Kamila Giżewska, Tomasz Łoś, Karol Lorenc, Olga Bielawska, and Marta Gulbicka. "Gender differences in body experience - a comparison of people with and without tattoos." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 21, no. 1 (July 25, 2023): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.21.01.010.
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Tattooing is a body modification practice that an increasing number of people, regardless of age, education or gender, are opting for. Previous quantitative research on the population of people with tattoos has mainly focused on differences in various personal characteristics, but has not focused on the bodily experience of people with tattoos. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in body image, body schema and body sense in people with and without tattoos. Two hundred and eleven people participated in the study, 108 of whom had at least one tattoo. Respondents completed a set of questionnaires: The Battery of Tests of The Body Self Representations and a demographic questionnaire. Our study showed that there were no significant differences in terms of mental body representations in people with and without tattoos. The main differences in terms of mental body representations were between men and women without tattoos. The present study suggests the need for a deeper understanding of the importance of tattoo for bodily experience.
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Grocholewski, Anja, Carina Bücker, Erich Kasten, Bernhard Osen, and Nina Heinrichs. "Mental Images in Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) and in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): An Exploratory Study." Behaviour Change 35, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.17.
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AbstractLittle is known about mental images (cognitive representations with sensory qualities) in body integrity identity disorder (BIID). This study aimed to determine whether individuals with BIID experience mental images and, if so, whether they differ to those experienced by individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and healthy controls. A semi-structured interview on mental images and their qualities was delivered to a sample of 22 individuals with BIID and 19 with BDD, and 22 healthy controls. Both the BIID (n = 15, 68.2%) and BDD (n = 14, 73.7%) groups reported significantly more mental images than healthy controls (n = 3, 13.6%), but no differences between the two clinical groups were found. While mental images in BDD were focused on ‘flawed’ body parts, images in BIID involved the desired handicap. Mental images in BIID were experienced as less distressing and more sexually arousing compared to BDD. No further differences were found between the groups (e.g., regarding sensory multimodality, dominance of a specific body part). Although the two groups reported a similar frequency of mental images, images appear to serve different functions across conditions. Clinically, it may be necessary to target the positive mental images in BIID to improve treatment outcome.
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Despeux, Catherine, and Penelope Barrett. "Visual Representations of the Body in Chinese Medical and Daoist Texts From the Song to the Qing Period (Tenth to Nineteenth Century)." Asian Medicine 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2005): 10–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996827.
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This article is a preliminary survey of representations of the body produced in China from the Song to the Qjng period in the context of medicine, forensic medicine and Daoism. Despite much common theoretical background, bodily representation in each of these fields differs in function and intent. Each field came to be associated with a particular aspect of the body. For medicine, this was the description of the viscera and the channels and tracts through which qi and humours flowed; for forensic medicine, it was the description of the skeleton; for Daoism, it was the symbolic description of the body as the spatio-temporal locus of a system of mutations and correspondences with the outside world and the spirit world.These representations fall into three categories, reflecting three different approaches to the body: images of the whole body approached from without, including gymnastic postures, locations on the body, somatic measurements, channels and tracts; images of the inside of the body, i.e. the internal organs and the skeleton (which raises issues regarding dissection); and images of the symbolic body, i.e. alchemical processes within the body and the true form of the allegorical body. The images, which are always accompanied by text, require to be read according to specific cultural codes, and reveal particular mental constructions of the body. They perform multiple functions, serving as proof of knowledge, teaching material, medium of transmission, memory aid, or graphic presentation of a text; and for the Daoists, manifesting the form of the true body.
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Neal, Sarah. "Embodying Black Madness, Embodying White Femininity: Populist (Re)Presentations and Public Policy - The Case of Christopher Clunis and Jayne Zito." Sociological Research Online 3, no. 4 (December 1998): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.210.
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This paper examines the representation of racialised and gendered bodies in relation to both the media and public policy responses to Christopher Clunis’ killing of Jonathan Zito in London in 1992. Analysing written and visual media text the first section of the paper argues that dichotomous constructions between the dangerous black masculine body of Christopher Clunis and the vulnerable idealised white feminine body of Jayne Zito were drawn on to help make sense of the tragedy in a period in which public anxieties around mental health care were increasingly evident. The effectiveness of these representations can be seen in the setting up of the NHS Enquiry whose remit was to investigate the care and treatment given to Clunis by psychiatric professionals. The second section of the paper focuses on the ways in which the issue of race and the racialised body played a complex and contradictory role in both the findings of the Report and in determining the (inadequate) service that Clunis received once within the mental health care system
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Schwoebel, J., H. B. Coslett, J. Bradt, R. Friedman, and C. Dileo. "Pain and the body schema: Effects of pain severity on mental representations of movement." Neurology 59, no. 5 (September 10, 2002): 775–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.59.5.775.
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Schwoebel, J. "Pain and the body schema: Evidence for peripheral effects on mental representations of movement." Brain 124, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 2098–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.10.2098.
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Manisha Khadga Yadav. "Navigating the Complexities of Body Image in Young Adults and Their Self-Acceptance." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 13, 2025): 160–71. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v6i1.75401.
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Body image encompasses individuals' perceptions and beliefs regarding their own physical appearance. It is shaped by personal and cultural factors and can manifest in either a positive or negative manner. Satisfaction with body image is associated with interpersonal success, happiness, healthier lifestyle, enhanced performance, and improved self-esteem. Dissatisfaction with body image stems from the gap between an individual's perceived and ideal physique. Factors such as media representations, social influences, and appearance-related ideal-type of teasing contribute to the development of negative body image, which can adversely affect both mental and physical health. The psychological construct of body image represents the underlying mental representation individuals possess regarding their bodies, shaping self-perception and their physical appearance. Individual perspectives on body image are expected to vary based on culture, race, age, education, profession, or social network; however, research reveals gender as the most significant factor. This paper presents the findings of primary research conducted with two dozen of young adults, who were interviewed regarding their satisfaction with their current body image and the underlying influencing factors. Body image satisfaction was found to be influenced by self-assessment of the body, health status, impression management, and other social factors. Participants' diverse perspectives underscore the complex interaction among social feedback and societal norms in shaping individual perceptions of beauty and attractiveness.
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GOLDRICK, MATTHEW, MICHAEL PUTNAM, and LARA SCHWARZ. "The future of code mixing research: Integrating psycholinguistic and formal grammatical theories." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 5 (March 22, 2016): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000390.
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Our keynote article “Coactivation in bilingual grammars: A computational account of code mixing” (Goldrick, Putnam & Schwarz) aimed to provide a framework that would begin to unify psycholinguistic and formal grammatical approaches to code mixing. We situated our account within a large body of psycholinguistic and phonetic evidence suggesting that, under many conditions, multiple representational elements simultaneously occupy (to varying degrees) a single position within a linguistic structure. The presence of such blends in multilingual cognition is not compatible with many formal grammatical approaches that assume mental representations are necessarily discrete.
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Silva, Tiago Rodrigues da, and Bruna Rodrigues da Silva. "REPRESENTAÇÕES MENTAIS UTILIZADAS POR ALUNOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL NO ESTUDO DO SISTEMA RESPIRATÓRIO HUMANO." Revista Prática Docente 3, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23926/rpd.2526-2149.2018.v3.n2.p477-491.id199.
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Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os tipos de representações mentais, com base na Teoria dos Modelos Mentais de Johnson-Laird, utilizadas por alunos do ensino fundamental para explicar o sistema respiratório humano. A abordagem foi quali-quantitativa, sendo caracterizada por um estudo descritivo e exploratório. As representações estabelecidas pelos alunos foram categorizadas em proposicionais, imagem e modelo mental. Participaram da pesquisa 31 alunos no 8º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Timon/MA. As análises ocorrem através das representações pictóricas estabelecidas pelos alunos antes e após as aulas teóricas e expositivas sobre o sistema corpóreo estudado. Com os conhecimentos prévios, foi verificado que os alunos elaboraram suas representações mentais, nas categorias proposicionais (34%), imagem mental (54%) e modelo mental (12%). Após a organização dos conhecimentos, os alunos demonstraram maior capacidade em estabelecer modelos mentais (69%) e imagem mental (23%), ocorrendo uma diminuição de proposicionais (8%). Com os resultados obtidos foi identificado que, com as aulas teóricas e expositivas os alunos reconstruíram suas representações mentais com a aquisição de conhecimentos científicos. Torna-se possível concluir que ocorreu uma evolução na compreensão dos alunos e de suas representações mentais sobre o sistema respiratório.Palavras-chave: Representações. Modelos. Aprendizagem. Abstract: The article aims to identify and analyze the types of mental representations, based on the mental models theory by Johnson-Laird, used by elementary school students to explain the human respiratory system. The study had a qualitative and quantitative approach, which was characterized by a descriptive and exploratory research. The representations established by the students were categorized as propositional, image, and mental model. Thirty-one students from the 8th grade of a public school in Timon/MA participated in the study. The analyses were carried out through the pictorial representations established by the students before and after the theoretical and expositive lectures on the human body system. The previous knowledge allowed verifying that the students were able to elaborate their mental representations, in the propositional categories (34%), mental image (54%), and mental model (12%). After the knowledge organization, the students showed a greater capacity to establish mental models (69%) and mental image (23%), with a decrease of propositional ones (8%).The results indicated that, with the theoretical and expositive lectures, the students reconstructed their mental representations and acquired scientific knowledge. Therefore, it was observed in this study an evolution in the students' understanding and their mental representations on the respiratory system.Keywords: Representations. Models. Learning.
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Coëgnarts, Maarten. "Shaping Films from the Inside Out: Embodied Mental Schemas in Filmmaking and Viewing." Baltic Screen Media Review 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0008.
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Abstract This article aims to highlight the role of embodied mental representations or embodied schemas in both perception and filmmaking/viewing by foregrounding three premises: (1) perception is inferential and relies on prior embodied schemas; (2) filmmakers (authors) do not merely reproduce reality but equally impose body-based schemas onto the parts of a film in order to convey meanings; and (3) these schemas, as presented by the formal design of the work, may enrich the viewers’ experience by allowing them a privileged look into the embodied creative-thinking processes of filmmakers. It will be argued that viewers are prompted to peek into these processes because the representational embodied concepts, as cued by the films, are grounded in shared sensory-motor capacities that scaffold all abstract thinking and reasoning.
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Lomelin-Ibarra, Vicente A., Andres E. Gutierrez-Rodriguez, and Jose A. Cantoral-Ceballos. "Motor Imagery Analysis from Extensive EEG Data Representations Using Convolutional Neural Networks." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166093.
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Motor imagery is a complex mental task that represents muscular movement without the execution of muscular action, involving cognitive processes of motor planning and sensorimotor proprioception of the body. Since the mental task has similar behavior to that of the motor execution process, it can be used to create rehabilitation routines for patients with some motor skill impairment. However, due to the nature of this mental task, its execution is complicated. Hence, the classification of these signals in scenarios such as brain–computer interface systems tends to have a poor performance. In this work, we study in depth different forms of data representation of motor imagery EEG signals for distinct CNN-based models as well as novel EEG data representations including spectrograms and multidimensional raw data. With the aid of transfer learning, we achieve results up to 93% accuracy, exceeding the current state of the art. However, although these results are strong, they entail the use of high computational resources to generate the samples, since they are based on spectrograms. Thus, we searched further for alternative forms of EEG representations, based on 1D, 2D, and 3D variations of the raw data, leading to promising results for motor imagery classification that still exceed the state of the art. Hence, in this work, we focus on exploring alternative methods to process and improve the classification of motor imagery features with few preprocessing techniques.
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Settineri, Salvatore, Fabio Frisone, and Emanuele Maria Merlo. "Psychotraumatology of Images in Gender Dysphoria." Open Psychology Journal 11, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101811010222.
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Background:The study proposes a psychodynamic analysis of the traumatic role of mental images, that can be expressed by many conditions; in phenomenology, the psychic relationship is meant as the relationship between subject and object. The analysis is aimed at understanding how representations are relevant.Objective:Representations are distinguished as the possibility of intrinsic trauma and as inherently deferred in the conflict between sexual-biological identity and gender-psychological identity; our work aims to highlight how internal images affect adaptation processes.Method:The analysis involves the study of 10 Rorschach protocols of Gender Dysphoria subjects in Male to Female transition; the protocols are analyzed through the studies of N. Raush de Traubenberg, with reference to the Self and Body; a psycho-traumatological and phenomenological analysis of imaginal experiences will be proposed.Results:From the analysis emerges the presence of Self and Body representations affected by a partial and fragmentary prevalence of contents, the presence of psychotraumatic phenomena associated to the processes of introjection and identification of mental representations.Conclusion:The knowledge of the presence of affected representations and psycho-traumatological outcomes would be useful for a psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic purpose, intended for the implementation of the adaptation process.
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Moscone, Anne-Laure, Michel-Ange Amorim, Christine Le Scanff, and Pascale Leconte. "A model-driven approach to studying dissociations between body size mental representations in anorexia nervosa." Body Image 20 (March 2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.11.003.
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Balzano, R., M. Guidi, D. Sepio, L. Martini, V. Puro, E. Girardi, and N. Orchi. "HIV/Aids and Mental Illness Dual Diagnosis: Exploring Healthcare Professionals’ Perspective." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71101-0.
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Aims:A growing body of scientific literature emphasizes a strong linkage between HIV/Aids and serious mental illness. In the Italian context, specialized services for combined management of dual diagnosis are increasingly requested, and healthcare professionals (HPWs) have to face up the difficulty emerging by this new situation. To bridge these gaps, the present study aimed at studying the representations of dual diagnosis, analyzing HPWs’ experiences from their own perspectives, in order to understand their difficulty and create future good practices in healthcare services.Method:A quali-quantitative study was conducted with a multidisciplinary sample of professionals (N=91), drawn by HIV/Aids and Mental Health sites. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, data were collected from semi-structured interviews: HPWs were asked about their work experiences with HIV/Aids and Mental Illness. The interviews were fully audio-taped and verbatim transcribed. A computer-aided lexical correspondence analysis was conducted by a dedicated text-analysis software.Results:Data analysis showed out two main factorial dimensions: the first regarding the representation of the “Management of dual diagnosis within Health Services”, and the second one referring to the “categorization of HIV/Aids-Mental Illness co-morbidity”. Furthermore, four different Representational Conceptions were highlighted, corresponding to as many different ways HPWs use to represent/depict the aims of Health Service in relation to HIV/Aids-Mental Illness co-morbidity.Conclusion:This study reveals that socio-cultural meanings of dual diagnosis are not fixed; rather, they are ongoing co-constructed within the activities carried out by the HPWs involved in their specific health contexts in the exercise of their profession.
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GOLDRICK, MATTHEW, MICHAEL PUTNAM, and LARA SCHWARZ. "Coactivation in bilingual grammars: A computational account of code mixing." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 5 (January 13, 2016): 857–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000802.
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A large body of research into bilingualism has revealed that language processing is fundamentally non-selective; there is simultaneous, graded co-activation of mental representations from both of the speakers’ languages. An equally deep tradition of research into code switching/mixing has revealed the important role that grammatical principles play in determining the nature of bilingual speech. We propose to integrate these two traditions within the formalism of Gradient Symbolic Computation. This allows us to formalize the integration of grammatical principles with gradient mental representations. We apply this framework to code mixing constructions where an element of an intended utterance appears in both languages within a single utterance and discuss the directions it suggests for future research.
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Gnat, Tomasz. "Body Movin’: Ecocritical and Postcolonial Readings of the Travelling Body in the Tomb Raider Series." Postscriptum Polonistyczne 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/https://doi.org/10.31261/ps_p.2021.27.13.
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When Lara Croft travels, she travels light – sans suitcase, but in most cases with enough firepower to take opposing forces ranging from dinosaurs to bloodthirsty locals. However, her big guns seems often unnecessary titillation, for she can manage very well without them thanks to her exquisite acrobatic and hand-to-hand combat skills. She will vault over any obstacle, swim across rapid flowing rivers and abseil the steepest ravines. Lara Croft’s travels are often as physical as the virtual world would allow. That physicality returns our attention to the oft forgotten aspect of travelling namely the body of the traveller, not only defined by its position in space, but also by the ordinary and extraordinary circumstances of its biological interaction with the surrounding environment.In this paper I would like to explore the interplay between the body of the traveller and contexts it is located in. These contexts range from the narrative and gameplay aspects of the Tomb Raider series, but also go beyond the border of the game and are realised in the transformative and reflective cultural milieu of the game. In particular I want to focus on the representations of Lara Croft as an archetypal “action girl” and “adventurer archaeologist” and how these representations are realised in reference to the changing (maturing?) video game environments. In the framework of postcolonial and ecocritical theories I want to explore the dyads of body/the purported exotic, body/natural environment, as well as physical/mental aspects of travelling.
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Cona, Giorgia, Arianna Casagrande, Sabrina Lenzoni, Elena Pegoraro, Virginia Bozzoni, Luca Bello, Gianni Sorarù, Annalisa Botta, and Carlo Semenza. "The Role of Motor System in Mental Rotation: New Insights from Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 5 (December 11, 2019): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719001383.
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AbstractObjective:This study explored mental rotation (MR) performance in patients with myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1), an inherited neuromuscular disorder dominated by muscular symptoms, including muscle weakness and myotonia. The aim of the study was twofold: to gain new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of MR and to better clarify the cognitive profile of DM1 patients. To address these aims, we used MR tasks involving kinds of stimuli that varied for the extent to which they emphasized motor simulation and activation of body representations (body parts) versus visuospatial imagery (abstract objects). We hypothesized that, if peripheral sensorimotor feedback system plays a pivotal role in modulating MR performance, then DM1 patients would exhibit more difficulties in mentally rotating hand stimuli than abstract objects.Method:Twenty-four DM1 patients and twenty-four age- and education-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study and were required to perform two computerized MR tasks involving pictures of hands and abstract objects.Results:The analysis of accuracy showed that patients had impaired MR performance when the angular disparities between the stimuli were higher. Notably, as compared to controls, patients showed slower responses when the stimuli were hands, whereas no significant differences when stimuli were objects.Conclusion:The findings are coherent with the embodied cognition view, indicating a tight relation between body- and motor-related processes and MR. They suggest that peripheral, muscular, abnormalities in DM1 lead to alterations in manipulation of motor representations, which in turn affect MR, especially when body parts are to mentally rotate.
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Cohen-Léon, Simone, and Michel Sapir. "Corps et groupe à partir de la relaxation à inductions variables." Revue de psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe 25, no. 1 (1995): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rppg.1995.1305.
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Body and group. Relaxation with Variable Indications. It seems impossible to elaborate a global theory of the body, but the authors try to give several directions to research on listening to the body through their experience in relaxation groups. Sensations, representations, transference/counter-transference, attraction/repulsion, animality will be mentioned.
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Schaefer, Rebecca S. "Mental Representations in Musical Processing and their Role in Action-Perception Loops." Empirical Musicology Review 9, no. 3-4 (January 5, 2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v9i3-4.4291.
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Music is created in the listener as it is perceived and interpreted - its meaning derived from our unique sense of it; likely driving the range of interpersonal differences found in music processing. Person-specific mental representations of music are thought to unfold on multiple levels as we listen, spanning from an entire piece of music to regularities detected across notes. As we track incoming auditory information, predictions are generated at different levels for different musical aspects, leading to specific percepts and behavioral outputs, illustrating a tight coupling of cognition, perception and action. This coupling, together with a prominent role of prediction in music processing, fits well with recently described ideas about the role of predictive processing in cognitive function, which appears to be especially suitable to account for the role of mental models in musical perception and action. Investigating the cerebral correlates of constructive music imagination offers an experimentally tractable approach to clarifying how mental models of music are represented in the brain. I suggest here that mental representations underlying imagery are multimodal, informed and modulated by the body and its in- and outputs, while perception and action are informed and modulated by predictions based on mental models.
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Tversky, Barbara, and Angela Kessell. "Thinking in action." Diagrammatic Reasoning 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.22.2.03tve.
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When thought overwhelms the mind, the mind uses the body and the world. Several studies reveal ways that people alone or together use gesture and marks on paper to structure and augment their thought for comprehension, inference, and discovery. The studies show that the mapping of thought to gesture or the page is more direct than the arbitrary mapping to language and suggest that these forms of visual/spatial/action representation are used to “translate” language into mental representations. It is argued that actions in space create patterns in the world that reflect abstractions, that the actions are incorporated into gestures and the patterns into diagrams, a network that integrates gesture, action, the designed world, and abstraction dubbed spraction.
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Gallese, V. "From mirror neurons to embodied simulation: A new neuroscientific perspective on intersubjectivity." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73830-5.
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Our seemingly effortless capacity of conceiving of the acting bodies inhabiting our social world as goal-oriented individuals like us depends on the constitution of a shared “we-centric” space. I have proposed that this shared manifold space can be characterized at the functional level as embodied simulation, a basic functional mechanism by means of which our brain/body system models its interactions with the world.The mirroring mechanism for action and other mirroring mechanisms in our brain represent sub-personal instantiations of embodied simulation. Embodied simulation provides a new empirically based notion of intersubjectivity, viewed first and foremost as intercorporeity. Embodied simulation challenges the notion that Folk-psychology is the sole account of interpersonal understanding. Before and below mind reading is intercorporeity as the main source of knowledge we directly gather about others.By means of embodied simulation we can map others’ actions onto our own motor representations, as well as others’ emotions and sensations onto our own viscero-motor and somatosensory representations. “Representation”, as used here, refers to a particular type of content, generated by the relations that our situated and inter-acting brain-body system instantiates with the world. Such content is pre-linguistic and pre-theoretical, but nevertheless has attributes normally and uniquely attributed to conceptual content.Social cognition is not only explicitly reasoning about the contents of someone else's mind. Embodied simulation, gives us a direct insight of other minds thus enabling our capacity to empathize with others.This proposal opens new perspectives on our understanding of autism and other psychopathological states such as schizophrenia.
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Brooks, Kevin R., Jonathan Mond, Deborah Mitchison, Richard J. Stevenson, Kirsten L. Challinor, and Ian D. Stephen. "Looking at the Figures: Visual Adaptation as a Mechanism for Body-Size and -Shape Misperception." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619869331.
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Many individuals experience body-size and -shape misperception (BSSM). Body-size overestimation is associated with body dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression, and the development of eating disorders in individuals who desire to be thinner. Similar symptoms have been noted for those who underestimate their muscularity. Conversely, individuals with high body mass indices (BMI) who underestimate their adiposity may not recognize the risks of or seek help for obesity-related medical issues. Although social scientists have examined whether media representations of idealized bodies contribute to the overestimation of fat or underestimation of muscle, other scientists suggest that increases in the prevalence of obesity could explain body-fat underestimation as a form of renormalization. However, these disparate approaches have not advanced our understanding of the perceptual underpinnings of BSSM. Recently, a new unifying account of BSSM has emerged that is based on the long-established phenomenon of visual adaptation, employing psychophysical measurements of perceived size and shape following exposure to “extreme” body stimuli. By inducing BSSM in the laboratory as an aftereffect, this technique is rapidly advancing our understanding of the underlying mental representation of human bodies. This nascent approach provides insight into real-world BSSM and may inform the development of therapeutic and public-health interventions designed to address such perceptual errors.
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Torabi, Sina, and Jeff Preston. "Echoes of Madness: Exploring Disability and Mental Illness in Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice." Societies 14, no. 9 (September 3, 2024): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc14090170.
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Video games are known for many things, but nuanced portrayals of characters with mental illness might not be one of them. This trend, however, has gradually started to shift with games like Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice, which aim to convey a genuine experience of mental illness to the player. Through a close reading of different instances in the game, this paper shows how Hellblade complicates the usual sanist ideas seen in most other games by taking an ambiguous stance, using mental illness as a representational tool. Furthermore, it avoids some of the more sensationalist and problematic tropes often employed in such representations, like the supercrip and the Cartesian divide of the body and mind. In order to show this, we have employed Mitchel and Snyder’s concept of narrative prosthesis to demonstrate how the game does not in fact rely on Senua’s disability as an exotic feature of the narrative to hook players in. By combining insights from disability and mad studies, we show how this game is a step in the right direction when it comes to challenging the perceptions of mental illness prevalent in pop culture.
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Rebeko, T. "Psychosomatics Of Skin Diseases And Representation Of Mental Space." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021479-2.
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The concept of mental space and the role of the skin in differentiating its boundaries during ontogenesis are considered. Skin diseases (atopic dermatitis and psoriasis) are considered as psychosomatic manifestations of separation trauma, which correlate with two tendencies – “to fusion” and “to encapsulate”, respectively. The study involved 72 women aged 20–40 years, (30 healthy, 17 suffering from psoriasis and 25 atopic dermatitis). Using the “Spatial Self Questionnaire” technique, three types of spatial Ego boundaries are determined: bodily, social and symbolic. It is proved that different experimental groups have a different profile of representations of the boundaries of the Ego compared to the control group. The body boundary of the Ego in the group “atopic dermatitis” is interpreted as super-permeable, and in the group “psoriasis” — as super-nonpermeable. In the “atopic dermatitis” group, the influence of separation trauma manifests itself in confusion when differentiating oneself from others (social boundaries of the Ego), and in the “psoriasis” group — in difficulties when correlating oneself with the outside world (symbolic boundary of the Ego).
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MILANA T., KHAMKHOEVA. "SOMATIC CODE OF THE CULTURE IN INGUSH PROVERBS AND SAYINGS." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 79, no. 3 (2021): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2021-79-3-089-093.
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In the Ingush proverbs and sayings somatic words are one of ways to form value of concepts of the internal and external world of the person. Various representations about body parts have laid down in a basis of semantics of various figurative means which have served for the characteristic of spiritually-moral, intellectual, emotionally-mental, physical, social qualities of the person.
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Barbey, Aron, Lawrence Barsalou, W. Kyle Simmons, and Ava Santos. "Embodiment in Religious Knowledge." Journal of Cognition and Culture 5, no. 1-2 (2005): 14–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568537054068624.
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AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that mundane knowledge about objects, people, and events is grounded in the brain's modality-specific systems. The modality-specific representations that become active to represent these entities in actual experience are later used to simulate them in their absence. In particular, simulations of perception, action, and mental states often appear to underlie the representation of knowledge, making it embodied and situated. Findings that support this conclusion are briefly reviewed from cognitive psychology, social psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. A similar representational process may underlie religious knowledge. In support of this conjecture, embodied knowledge appears central to three aspects of religious experience: religious visions, religious beliefs, and religious rituals. In religious visions, the process of simulation offers a natural account of how these experiences are produced. In religious beliefs, knowledge about the body and the environment are typically central in religious frameworks, and are likely to affect the perception of daily experience. In religious rituals, embodiments appear central to conveying religious ideas metaphorically and to establishing them in memory. To the extent that religious knowledge is like non-religious knowledge, embodiment is likely to play central roles.
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Ehrsson, H. Henrik, Stefan Geyer, and Eiichi Naito. "Imagery of Voluntary Movement of Fingers, Toes, and Tongue Activates Corresponding Body-Part-Specific Motor Representations." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 5 (November 2003): 3304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01113.2002.
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We investigate whether imagery of voluntary movements of different body parts activates somatotopical sections of the human motor cortices. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect the cortical activity when 7 healthy subjects imagine performing repetitive (0.5-Hz) flexion/extension movements of the right fingers or right toes, or horizontal movements of the tongue. We also collected functional images when the subjects actually executed these movements and used these data to define somatotopical representations in the motor areas. In this study, we relate the functional activation maps to cytoarchitectural population maps of areas 4a, 4p, and 6 in the same standard anatomical space. The important novel findings are 1) that imagery of hand movements specifically activates the hand sections of the contralateral primary motor cortex (area 4a) and the contralateral dorsal premotor cortex (area 6) and a hand representation located in the caudal cingulate motor area and the most ventral part of the supplementary motor area; 2) that when imagining making foot movements, the foot zones of the posterior part of the contralateral supplementary motor area (area 6) and the contralateral primary motor cortex (area 4a) are active; and 3) that imagery of tongue movements activates the tongue region of the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex bilaterally (areas 4a, 4p, and 6). These results demonstrate that imagery of action engages the somatotopically organized sections of the primary motor cortex in a systematic manner as well as activating some body-part-specific representations in the nonprimary motor areas. Thus the content of the mental motor image, in this case the body part, is reflected in the pattern of motor cortical activation.
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Hartmann, Matthias, Martin H. Fischer, and Fred W. Mast. "Sharing a mental number line across individuals? The role of body position and empathy in joint numerical cognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (November 7, 2018): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818809254.
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A growing body of research shows that the human brain acts differently when performing a task together with another person than when performing the same task alone. In this study, we investigated the influence of a co-actor on numerical cognition using a joint random number generation (RNG) task. We found that participants generated relatively smaller numbers when they were located to the left (vs. right) of a co-actor (Experiment 1), as if the two individuals shared a mental number line and predominantly selected numbers corresponding to their relative body position. Moreover, the mere presence of another person on the left or right side or the processing of numbers from loudspeaker on the left or right side had no influence on the magnitude of generated numbers (Experiment 2), suggesting that a bias in RNG only emerged during interpersonal interactions. Interestingly, the effect of relative body position on RNG was driven by participants with high trait empathic concern towards others, pointing towards a mediating role of feelings of sympathy for joint compatibility effects. Finally, the spatial bias emerged only after the co-actors swapped their spatial position, suggesting that joint spatial representations are constructed only after the spatial reference frame became salient. In contrast to previous studies, our findings cannot be explained by action co-representation because the consecutive production of numbers does not involve conflict at the motor response level. Our results therefore suggest that spatial reference coding, rather than motor mirroring, can determine joint compatibility effects. Our results demonstrate how physical properties of interpersonal situations, such as the relative body position, shape seemingly abstract cognition.
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Pantidos, Panagiotis, George Kaliampos, and Konstantinos Ravanis. "Narration and multimodality: The role of the human body and material objects in science teaching." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i2.22074.
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<span>This article seeks to shed light on the semiotic approach to science teaching and learning. Essentially, the mental representations of learners are also affected by the sign vehicles employed to communicate ideas in the material world. Thus, any learning object also appears as a material representation, consisting of acoustic and visual forms, which affect its content. The human body’s kinetic modalities, spatial configurations (i.e., graphs, images), material objects, prosody, as well as the written and spoken word constitute the perceptual data that encode the concepts. This particular paper deals with the possibility that the more emphatic signifiers, i.e., the human body and material objects, can create narrative spaces and produce meaning during science teaching. It also discusses alternative uses of material objects along with the multiple interpretations their visual images can evoke. As regards the human body, iconic, deictic, and ergotic gestures are analyzed as forms that produce meaning and are autonomous and dynamic when working with the other semiotic systems. Both material objects and the human body rely upon the ability of the learners’ imagination to transport them to narrative worlds located outside the classroom.</span>
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McMahon, Jennifer Ann, and Kerry Rebecca McGannon. "Do What (S)HE Says and You Will Be a Champion: Poetic Representations and the Unmuting of My Swimmer Body." Qualitative Inquiry 23, no. 6 (October 19, 2016): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800416672695.
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A series of four poems were generated as a result of McMahon’s reimmersion into an elite swimming culture where she purposely revisited emotional and mental pain experienced 15 years earlier. Her reimmersion resulted in the re-engagement of torturous training and bodily regimes that other swimmers were subjected to and subjected themselves to. By presenting four evocative poetic representations, McMahon empowered and expressed her 40-year-old body’s sensations and experiences as she resubjected it to a culture that continues to torment her. These four poetic representations indeed assisted her to sort, ponder, and acknowledge her body’s experiences, voices, and her ever-evolving embodied consciousness. It is hoped that the audience will think and feel with McMahon’s bodily encounters, reflecting on them and drawing their own conclusions and understandings.
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Preston, C., and H. Ehrsson. "2287 – Size matters: investigating the link between affective and perceptual body representations using multisensory illusions." European Psychiatry 28 (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)77146-3.
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Baryshnikov, Pavel N., and Magomet N. Atakuev. "Semantics of Judgments about Interoceptive Experience." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 59, no. 2 (2022): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202259234.
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The linguistic representation of interoceptive sensations is valuable not only for the study of cognitive processes, but also for conceptual analysis within the framework of the phenomenal approach in the philosophy of mind. This article focuses on the deep linguistic mechanisms of metaphorical conceptualization of corporeality and their relationship with various classes of judgments expressing awareness of internal bodily experience. Interoceptive sensations are associated with the representation of the image of the inner-body space and the processes occurring in it. The content of these representations is extracted simultaneously from mental beliefs about the properties of one's own physicality and, at the same time, from both real (physical) and imaginary causes of internal states. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the relationship of the semantics of these judgments with the principles of forming a conceptual dictionary of interoceptive sensations coming from a variety of pragmatic contexts. Some results of clinical and semantic studies of psychopathology deserve special attention. Semantic intersections of metaphors in idiomatic expressions of emotional states and judgments describing an abnormal inner-body experience are found. The paper substantiates the thesis that body, in addition to the functions of the organismic “interface” device, also has deep representative properties. While attempting to formulate utterances expressing abnormal inner-body experience, a conceptually conditioned metaphorical dictionary is automatically used. Along with the formation of conceptual schemes, the formation of judgments of awareness about the qualities of one's own conscious experience takes place.
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Graham-Schmidt, Kyran T., Mathew T. Martin-Iverson, Nicholas P. Holmes, and Flavie Waters. "Body representations in schizophrenia: an alteration of body structural description is common to people with schizophrenia while alterations of body image worsen with passivity symptoms." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 21, no. 4 (July 3, 2016): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2016.1231111.
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Silva, Stein, Isabelle Loubinoux, Michel Olivier, Benoîmt Bataille, Olivier Fourcade, Kamran Samii, Marc Jeannerod, and Jean-Francois Démonet. "Impaired Visual Hand Recognition in Preoperative Patients during Brachial Plexus Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820164f1.
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Background Perceptual illusions described in healthy subjects undergoing regional anesthesia (RA) are probably related to short-term plastic brain changes. We addressed whether performance on an implicit mental rotation task reflects these RA-induced changes in body schema brain representations. Studying these changes in healthy volunteers may shed light on normal function and the central mechanisms of pain. Methods Performance pattern was studied in upper limb-anesthetized subjects on a left/right hand judgment task, which is known to involve motor imagery processes relating to hand posture. Three conditions were used: control (i.e., absence of deafferentation), RA (i.e., deafferentation), and vision (i.e., deafferentated limb exposed to view). To limit potential bias such as order effect, the control state was recorded in a randomized manner. Results All subjects described perceptual illusions of their anesthetized limb. They were slower and less accurate on the task during RA compared with control. Response patterns were similar in all conditions, suggesting sensitivity of performance to arm/hand biomechanical constraints. Vision was associated with an increase in the proportion of correct responses and a reduction of the response times in hand judgment and was accompanied by disappearance of the lateralization of the underlying mental representations, which was identified during RA. Conclusions These results suggest the following: (1) the right/left judgment task involves mental simulation of hand movements, (2) underlying mental representations and their neural substrates are subject to acute alterations after RA, and (3) the proprioceptive deficit induced by RA is influenced by the subject's ability to see the anesthetized limb.
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Ilham, Fikri, and Warih Maharani. "Analyze Detection Depression In Social Media Twitter Using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers." Journal of Information System Research (JOSH) 3, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/josh.v3i4.1885.
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Human health is an essential part of the welfare of a country. Early detection of a disease is necessary to prevent it from spreading in an area. Social media is now a rapid and widespread development of information to provide convenience for the public to communicate. Depressed people have a variety of depressive symptoms from every human behaviour. Psychological doctors often conduct face-to-face interviews on commonly used diagnoses and statistical manual criteria for mental disorders. Depression is a mental disorder that typically appears in humans with the characteristics of depressed mood, loss of interest and pleasure, unstable body energy, and poor concentration. In conducting this research, the aim is to detect people who are depressed by using the Machine Learning-based BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) method. BERT can binarily classify text on social media, namely Twitter, which contains Depression detection. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the best accuracy value is 0.7176 or 71%.
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Green, Matthew J. A. "‘Keep it Gothic, Man’: Gothic and Graphic Medicine in Ian Williams’s The Bad Doctor." Gothic Studies 25, no. 3 (November 2023): 280–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2023.0176.
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Exploring the intersection of Gothic Medicine and Graphic Medicine in Ian William’s graphic novel, The Bad Doctor, this article discusses the ways in which gothic aesthetics, particularly representations of the abject encounter, contribute to an understanding of mental illness whilst also interrogating dominant paradigms within medical discourse. Further, this study suggests that the gothic aspects of comics as a medium contribute to the effectiveness of Gothic Medicine as a genre by offering insight into visual and verbal representations of the body. Detailed close readings indicate that Williams’s work draws a parallel between the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder on an individual level and the hostility toward the Gothic that formed a cornerstone in the foundation of modern medicine as a discipline.
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Fan, Chao, Jingzhe Ma, Dongyang Jin, Chuanfu Shen, and Shiqi Yu. "SkeletonGait: Gait Recognition Using Skeleton Maps." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 2 (March 24, 2024): 1662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i2.27933.
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The choice of the representations is essential for deep gait recognition methods. The binary silhouettes and skeletal coordinates are two dominant representations in recent literature, achieving remarkable advances in many scenarios. However, inherent challenges remain, in which silhouettes are not always guaranteed in unconstrained scenes, and structural cues have not been fully utilized from skeletons. In this paper, we introduce a novel skeletal gait representation named skeleton map, together with SkeletonGait, a skeleton-based method to exploit structural information from human skeleton maps. Specifically, the skeleton map represents the coordinates of human joints as a heatmap with Gaussian approximation, exhibiting a silhouette-like image devoid of exact body structure. Beyond achieving state-of-the-art performances over five popular gait datasets, more importantly, SkeletonGait uncovers novel insights about how important structural features are in describing gait and when they play a role. Furthermore, we propose a multi-branch architecture, named SkeletonGait++, to make use of complementary features from both skeletons and silhouettes. Experiments indicate that SkeletonGait++ outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin in various scenarios. For instance, it achieves an impressive rank-1 accuracy of over 85% on the challenging GREW dataset. The source code is available at https://github.com/ShiqiYu/OpenGait.