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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mental Action'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Street, Tamsyn. "Mental rehearsal and action observation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508295.

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2

White, Andrea Suzanne. "Mental causation and the metaphysics of action." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20501/.

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The subject of this dissertation is the problem of mental causation: the problem of how the mental is able to causally interact with the physical. I show that the problem of mental causation, as it is presented in contemporary philosophy of mind, is a pseudo-problem. My claim is that contemporary philosophy of mind has misidentified what it is about mental causation that we need, but struggle, to understand. This is because contemporary philosophy of mind labours under a misapprehension of what mental causation is supposed to be. In most discussions of the problem of mental causation, mental causation is presented as a cause-effect relation between mental and physical entities. I call this understanding of mental causation the relational understanding of mental causation: Relational understanding of mental causation: mental causation is a matter of mental items (events, processes or states) standing in causal relations to physical events, e.g. bodily movements. The relational understanding of mental causation is widely endorsed largely because it is thought essential to our conception of ourselves as agents who act intentionally and who bear moral responsibility. I argue that while intentional action does entail the existence of causation which involves mentality – something which is worthy of the name ‘mental causation’ – the mental causation intentional action presupposes ought not to be understood in relational terms. When we say that someone acted intentionally because of what she believed, desired or intended, the concepts belief, desire and intention do not refer to items which stand in causal relations to bodily movements. I will defend this thesis by examining metaphysics of action and the nature of agency.
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3

Cooper, Rachel Valerie. "Classifying madness a philosophical examination of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders /." Dordrecht : Springer, 2005. http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=145324.

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4

Coomer, Rachel. "Experiences of parents of children with mental disability regarding access to mental health care." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6969_1319019499.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges parents of children with mental health disabilities and disorders in Namibia face when attempting to access mental healthcare resources. The study used a qualitative exploratory approach. Purposive sampling was used to include parents, caregivers and relatives of children with metal health disabilities and disorders. The sample also included key informants. Data was collected through focus group discussions with the participants and individual interviews with the key informants. Overall, a total of 41 people provided information for this study. Thematic data analysis was used to assess the data. The results suggest that parents/caregivers and relatives of children with mental health disabilities and disorders do experience barriers accessing mental health care. The challenges go beyond commonly-reported problems in the literature such as stigma and discrimination and include basic challenges such as a lack of transportation to healthcare services and a lack of acceptance of the mental health disorders by the parents. The study offers recommendations for how service provision can be improved and how parents of children with mental health challenges can have better access to services.
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5

Scharer, Niko. "Doing things in your head, a philosophical essay on mental action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28301.pdf.

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6

Ferreira, Dias Kanthack Thiago. "Interdependent relationships between the mental representation and psychophysiological correlates of action." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1166/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail était d’apporter des données encore inconnu sur la relation entre les corrélats neurophysiologiques de l’action et la représentation mentale. Un ensemble de six expérimentations ont été menées. Celles-ci nous ont permis de mieux comprendre les modalités d’utilisation de l’imagerie motrice qu’elle soit concomitante ou réaliser après la pratique réelle. Les effets de la pratique physique sur la capacité d’utilisation de l’imagerie motrice ont aussi été explorés. Nos résultats montrent que l’imagerie motrice est très efficace, qu’elle soit pratiquée de manière concomitante à la pratique réelle ou après celle-ci lorsque la fatigue physique est importante. Nous démontrons que des capacités d’imagerie élevées ne sont pas systématiquement reliées à une amélioration de la performance. De manière inédite nous démontrons que la pratique réelle peut–être bénéfique pour la capacité d’imagerie motrice d’une habilité fortement automatisée. De plus, des sessions de pratique physique prolongées et intermittentes semblent plus perturber la capacité d’imagerie motrice qu’une pratique continue. L’ensemble de ces résultats est une contribution importante aux connaissances relatives à l’utilisation de l’imagerie motrice dans la réhabilitation ou encore dans la pratique physique
The main purpose of the present work was to add substantial data regarding the psychophysiological correlates of action with respective mental representation. A total of six experimental protocols were developed to understand the mechanisms of using motor imagery concomitant and after actual practice, and the effects of exercise on motor imagery ability. According to our findings, motor imagery can very be usefull when performed concomitant with actual practice and even after an exercise session, when fatigue is most present. We demonstrate that higher levels of motor imagery ability are not always linked with greater performance enhancement. Unprecedentedly, we reported that an exercise session might even be beneficial for motor imagery ability of high-automated task. In addition, prolonged intermittent exercise session are more likely to impair motor imagery ability in comparison with continuous exercise. These findings are of special interest of sports coaches and rehabilitation professionals, which usually incorporate motor imagery into their physical training sessions
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7

Mitchell, Melanie. "No idle threat: Precursors to action in threateners with mental illness." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180839/1/Melanie_Mitchell_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examined threats of violence made by persons with mental illness and in particular, who acts on violent threats and who does not. Threats were common occurrences and 55% per cent of threateners went on to be violent. Several predictors of violence were identified, including younger age, intellectual impairment and active mood and/or psychotic symptoms. Methods for preventing, identifying and managing threat-related violence were explored. This research has practical implications for those working in mental health settings and those supporting people who have a mental illness and make threats of violence.
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8

Melzer, Dawn K. "Do actions speak louder than knowledge? Action manipulation, parent -child discourse and children's mental state understanding in pretense." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/83/.

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9

Williams, Sarah Louise. "Promoting children's mental health at a whole-school level using action research." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4712/.

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This study aimed to explore school staff’s, parents’ and children’s understanding of mental health and identify what risk and protective factors affect children’s mental health. The key aims were to gain information about how mainstream primary schools promote children’s mental health, and to explore children’s, parents’ and school staffs’ understanding of children’s mental health and factors which promote or demote development. All of the schools who responded to the questionnaire considered that mental health promotion should be carried out by specialist. The findings from this initial survey suggested that to achieve the active involvement of school staff, further support was required to enable school staff to feel competent, confident and knowledgeable in this field. The participants in the action research phase of this study identified a number of factors within the individual, the micro, exo- and the macro-systems which they believed affected children’s mental health. The integrated MacDonald and O’Hara Ten Element Map (1998) and Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model (2005) which consider the individual to be at the centre of and embedded in a number of environmental systems, afforded effective frameworks for exploring the school community’s understanding of children’s mental health, for conceptualising the findings from a bioecological perspective, and for planning action steps through which to enhance the impact of schooling on children’s mental health.
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10

Oliveira, Campos Juliana de. "Street Theatre in Brazil| Healing Illness, Promoting Action and Restoring Tradition." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10828006.

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This study examined the potential healing aspects of a psychosocial intervention using street theatre with those suffering from schizophrenia in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Qualitative research was conducted to explore how art, culture and public health can provide a comprehensive approach to promote mental health within communities. The sample consisted of eight men and women who were active members of DyoNises Theatre group for at least one year. Participants were either staff at Municipal Institute of Health Care Nise da Silveira or volunteers. A qualitative design methodology based on Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology was used. The data revealed nine major themes, 18 subthemes, 48 categories within subthemes, which were divided into three sections: a) Performance; b) Manifestations of Health; and c) Cultural Identities. Major themes in the Performance section included: 1) Play: from spectator to protagonist; 2) Ritual: providing structure; and 3) Theatre: development of social consciousness. Major themes in the Manifestations of Health section included: 1) Body in action: strengthening self-other boundaries; 2) Embodied Learning: practical actions to promote knowledge; and 3) Externalizing the Shadow: what within you kills you, out of you can save you. Major themes in the Cultural Identities section included: 1) Community Dialogue: rethinking perspective; 2) Experiential Knowledge as an Exercise of Power: expanding our models of thinking and behavior; and 3) Historical Heritage: reconnecting with ancestral knowledge. Clinical implications were related to reconstructing cohesive body boundaries, deepening the range of emotional responses to the environment, promoting autonomy, leadership, and community, educating the public, and redefining our cultural practices.

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11

Mongeau, Raymond. "Antidepressant and anxiolytic action on the Serotonin1A binding site." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59934.

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Several lines of evidence suggest an involvement of serotonin$ sb{ rm 1A}$ (5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors in the regulation of emotions. In order to investigate the molecular basis of recent electrophysiological findings which implicated 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressants and anxiolytics, radioligand binding and autoradiographic studies using tritiated 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)-tetralin ( ($ sp3$H) -8-OH-DPAT) were done in rat brain following various treatments. These included: the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine; the reuptake blockers paroxetine and indalpine; the monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline; electroconvulsive shock; lithium; the classic benzodiazepine diazepam; and the 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ partial agonist gepirone. None of these treatments, nor the fluctuation in 5-HT availability provoked by the circadian cycle, gave any significant changes, with the exception of clorgyline which initially appeared to decrease the affinity of ($ sp3$H) -8-OH-DPAT for its receptor. A further series of studies in vitro and in vivo ascertained the possibility that the 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptors may display two interconvertible affinity states and that, in fact, clorgyline induces a shift of the high to the lower affinity state. The findings from this second series of experiments suggested that labile changes, which may possibly be disrupted during membrane preparation, in the coupling between the 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptor and a guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) may account for the effects that certain treatments have on 5-HT$ sb{ rm 1A}$ receptor responsiveness.
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12

Laughlin, Catherine Wagner 1950. "From option to action: The abortion decision in adolescence." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291403.

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Approximately 1.1 million adolescent women become pregnant every year, and nearly 40% choose to terminate their pregnancies. This study explored pregnancy termination decisions of sixteen adolescent females in the southwestern United States. A demographic and decision making survey, Smilkstein's, et al. (1981) Family and Friends' Apgars and a sexual knowledge inventory were used to measure factors relevant to abortion decisions in this age group. Some expected results of the study included a lack of sexual knowledge and a greater degree of satisfaction with friends than with family. Participants reported overall but conflicted satisfaction with their abortion decisions. The small sample size and the fact that the majority of the participants were interviewed immediately after their abortions limits the findings. Recommendation is made for nurses to take a more active role in pregnancy prevention, protection of legal rights, and counseling activities to respond to this health problem.
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13

Allen, Katherine Louise. "Hubble, bubble, toil and trouble : meddling in mental health services using participatory action research." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25390/.

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This thesis explores whether participatory action research (PAR) can be a vehicle for knowledge democracy in mental health by telling the compelling tale of a team of mental health service users formed to conduct a PAR project in adult NHS mental health services. PAR is a methodology that seeks change through action and the collaborative efforts of participants, often people from marginalised groups. The team, self-named PAR Excellence, actively participated in every step of the research process, from the initial identification of the research topic (shared decision making in mental health), literature review, research design, data collection and analysis, to dissemination. The original contribution to knowledge is in two parts: findings on shared decision making and the use of recorded service user experiences in mental health, and findings on the PAR process itself. Through these intertwining efforts, an original analysis of knowledge democracy in the context of adult NHS mental health services in the UK has been reached. Having chosen shared decision making in mental health, PAR Excellence developed a multi-media library of service user experiences to be used as a shared decision making resource. They explored with NHS mental health staff whether this approach supported shared decision making through qualitative focus groups and interviews. It was concluded that whilst the use of recorded service user experiences as a shared decision making resource was generally welcomed in principle by staff, in practice there was limited utilisation of the resource. However, it was highly valued as an opportunity for staff reflective practice, and when used judiciously, showed the potential for having a profound effect for service users. It was also found that shared decision making is a complex concept that has many different meanings amongst staff, and they work in a system where true shared decision making cannot consistently occur. However, it was discovered that staff found the involvement of service users in the research process gave the project authenticity and credibility over research generated purely by traditional researchers, and were therefore more likely to engage with it. The shared decision making resource also provoked a particularly positive response in staff members who have used mental health services themselves. Throughout the project, qualitative focus groups were also held with PAR Excellence to explore the participatory process and its outcomes overall. These findings established that the motivations of the team (who were highly critical of mental health services) were rooted in a profound understanding of the power mental health services had over them, dissatisfaction with services, and a deep sense of injustice. This led the team to express a concept of subversive "meddling" in mental health services to address these issues. They found that whilst personal transformation through PAR was achievable, the potential for more general, external transformation was limited due to the enmeshment of the political and economic climate in which mental health services operate.
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14

Hallsworth, Daniella. "Perfectionism, moral thought-action fusion and shame-proneness as predictors of mental contamination." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/811580/.

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Objective: Mental contamination is a term used to describe a psychological state in which one feels a sense of contamination or dirtiness in response to cognitive processes such as intrusive thoughts or memories. This gives rise to negative emotions and an urge to wash. Research has begun to identify predictors that might explain individual differences in sensitivity to feelings of mental contamination. The current study aimed to add to this evidence base, exploring perfectionism, tendency to the cognitive bias moral thought-action fusion and shame-proneness as possible predictors. Design: An online survey was designed to assess whether individual differences in these factors were associated with sensitivity to mental contamination. The survey measured the above variables, and included an induction task which asked participants to recall a time they committed a moral transgression toward another person. Feelings of mental contamination (anxiety, sense of internal and external dirtiness and urge to wash) were measured before and after the induction, with changes indicative of sensitivity to mental contamination. Participants: Participants (N = 131; 71.8% female) were recruited from the general public via social media advertisement and snowball sampling. Results: Shame-proneness and subscales of perfectionism (high standards and discrepancy) were found to correlate positively with indices of mental contamination (anxiety and feelings of internal and external dirtiness). Shame-proneness emerged as a significant predictor of these indices. Furthermore, the relationship between shame-proneness and mental contamination indices was found to be moderated by duration spent thinking about the moral transgression. Conclusions: Results of this study point to the potential importance of targeting shame-proneness and rumination in the treatment of mental contamination based difficulties. Participants varied in their response to the induction procedure which may point to the importance of idiosyncratic induction procedures in future research.
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15

Gray, Jennie. "Living with a label: an action oriented feminist inquiry into women's mental health." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1833.

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Dorothy Smith (1987) says investigations often begin with ‘a feeling of uneasiness’. Smith’s insistence of the importance of starting with women’s standpoint, to redress the way in which women’s lives have been negated or neglected in research, informs the methodological premise of this inquiry. The unease that prompted this project emerged in conversations I had with women diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder whilst working as a practitioner at a women’s health centre. The frequency with which the discourses of biomedicine figured in these women’s narrated experiences engendered a collective commitment to make problematic ‘living with a label’. Loosely connected as mental health service recipients, the women I researched with are often positioned as ‘subject’ to an objective medical gaze. Disrupting dichotomies that these women are accustomed to in clinical settings, and destabilising notions of neutral and detached research, our investigations were contingent, reflexive and relational. Recognising that all were intrinsic to the knowledge production processes, this project was cast in the feminist ‘with’, rather than the ‘on’. Together we explored how women read and respond to a psychiatric diagnosis in their daily lives, to generate understandings that can be used by the women who joined this project. This included close consideration of social relations shaping the lived actualities these women described, and their agency in sustaining and unsettling these.Acknowledging these women’s capacity to have expertise not only as reporters, but as theorists too, experience and analysis were conflated in our explorations of ‘living with a label’. Congruent with feminist philosophy, our methodology had a praxis orientation as well, ‘to produce different knowledge and to produce knowledge differently’ as Patti Lather (2001) suggests. The attendant opportunities to research the process of researching and contemplate how we might participate in change-oriented activities were thus integral to this project. Our experience of researching together, and allowing the ‘researched’ room to know and act, produced possibilities, and also created conundrums, perhaps less frequently encountered in more conventional research – all of which gave rise to celebration!
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16

Gray, Jennie. "Living with a label: an action oriented feminist inquiry into women's mental health." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Work and Social Policy, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16963.

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Dorothy Smith (1987) says investigations often begin with ‘a feeling of uneasiness’. Smith’s insistence of the importance of starting with women’s standpoint, to redress the way in which women’s lives have been negated or neglected in research, informs the methodological premise of this inquiry. The unease that prompted this project emerged in conversations I had with women diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder whilst working as a practitioner at a women’s health centre. The frequency with which the discourses of biomedicine figured in these women’s narrated experiences engendered a collective commitment to make problematic ‘living with a label’. Loosely connected as mental health service recipients, the women I researched with are often positioned as ‘subject’ to an objective medical gaze. Disrupting dichotomies that these women are accustomed to in clinical settings, and destabilising notions of neutral and detached research, our investigations were contingent, reflexive and relational. Recognising that all were intrinsic to the knowledge production processes, this project was cast in the feminist ‘with’, rather than the ‘on’. Together we explored how women read and respond to a psychiatric diagnosis in their daily lives, to generate understandings that can be used by the women who joined this project. This included close consideration of social relations shaping the lived actualities these women described, and their agency in sustaining and unsettling these.
Acknowledging these women’s capacity to have expertise not only as reporters, but as theorists too, experience and analysis were conflated in our explorations of ‘living with a label’. Congruent with feminist philosophy, our methodology had a praxis orientation as well, ‘to produce different knowledge and to produce knowledge differently’ as Patti Lather (2001) suggests. The attendant opportunities to research the process of researching and contemplate how we might participate in change-oriented activities were thus integral to this project. Our experience of researching together, and allowing the ‘researched’ room to know and act, produced possibilities, and also created conundrums, perhaps less frequently encountered in more conventional research – all of which gave rise to celebration!
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17

Brunning, Luke. "Integration, ambivalence, and mental conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a0288d4-7c6d-4dc3-9ee7-8508b205e9e7.

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In my DPhil thesis I critique a philosophical ideal of mental organization: that one’s mind ought to be integrated, that is, lack conflicts or ambivalence between mental states, because disintegration is argued to impair one’s agency and undermine one’s well-being. My argument has three parts. In part one, I describe Plato’s maximalist version of the ideal where, if ideally organized, one’s psyche lacks conflicts because one’s rational faculty, aware of what is valuable, harmonises one’s motivational and affective states. I also argue that any dispute about integration is orthogonal to the dispute between value monists and value pluralists. In part two, I contest the integration ideal by criticizing three manifestations of it in contemporary philosophy. I focus on the organization of desire, and on deliberative and affective ambivalence. My arguments have a similar structure. First, I challenge the link between the integrated mind and the purported benefits of unimpaired agency and well-being. On investigation, this apparent connection is largely contingent. Not all conflicts or ambivalence are harmful, and other social or psychological factors are relevant in case where they really are damaging. Secondly, I argue that there are contexts where integration is a form of mental rigidity or harmful impoverishment. Thirdly, I argue that being disintegrated seems morally good in some situations where one manifests fitting states of mind, particularly emotions. In part three, I ask whether integration can be reinterpreted to salvage an alternative ideal. After rejecting a promising candidate found in Kleinian psychoanalytic theory, I offer my own account of integration as a two-part capacity to tolerate difficult mental states (not necessarily bad mental states - excitement can be hard to tolerate), and to avoid being reflectively passive as one’s mental organization changes. This capacity has rational and non-rational elements. Finally, I consider how this reinterpreted capacity relates to the practice of virtue. I conclude that integration is not a virtue, and may be compatible with some viciousness, but it enables one to be virtuous in situations where there are pressures towards being insensitively singleminded.
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18

Killea, Anita M. "Addressing school mental health in a texas public school district| An action research study." Thesis, Union Institute and University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601242.

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According to the Centers for Disease Control (2013), every year an estimated 13 to 20% of children in the United States suffer from mental health disorders. School mental health services developed to address the learning barriers experienced by these children achieve variable rates of success (Adelman & Taylor, 2011; Center for School Mental Health, 2011). Reasons for this variability include lack of integration of these initiatives into comprehensive school reform efforts (Adelman & Taylor, 2011), lack of inclusion of school mental health staff in the school improvement planning process (Nastasi, Varjas & Moore, 2004), and lack of consideration of the local school context in their selection and implementation (Ringeisen, Hendersen & Hoagwood, 2003). A group of 15 school teachers and mental health staff of a small Texas school district conducted this action research study about the status of its school mental health services. Individual interviews of the participants served as the initial basis for group meetings during which participants identified weaknesses in their mental health services, prioritized issues to be addressed, and developed an action plan to be presented to school administrators, and the Board of Education. Consistent with the findings of other research studies on school mental health (Center for School Mental Health, 2011), the three main areas of concern identified by the group included poor role clarification among school personnel responsible for mental health functions, lack of teacher training about mental health disorders and related classroom management strategies, and unclear policies and procedures. The process and outcome of the study support the use of participant action research as a method to aid in the development of locally relevant school mental health programs.

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19

Thomas, Sean C. "UNDERSTANDING THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION PATTERNS OF NON-VERIFIABLE MENTAL ACTION VERBS: AN ERP INVESTIGATION." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2161.

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Imaging has revealed that brain activation of verbs with verifiable products (‘throw, kick’) activate language areas as well as the motor cortex responsible for the performance of the action described. An exploratory comparison of eye related verbs with no verifiable products (‘observe’) to mouth related verbs with verifiable products (‘shout’) has revealed a similar activation pattern. Thus in order to further study mental action verbs with no verifiable products, the present two-part study used words that were suitable across two modalities (e.g. you can ‘perceive’ both through vision and audition) and compare them to themselves under differing contexts of auditory and visual verbs so as to eliminate any word characteristics differences, as well as explored the two modalities directly. The primary purpose was to delineate whether associative learning or the mirror systems theory might better account for the acquisition of this unique subclass of verbs. Results suggest that Mirror systems theory more likely accounts for the observed cognitive processing differences between the two verbs. Keywords: Verbs, language, Event-related potentials, abstract, associative learning theory, mirror systems theory.
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20

Wallin, Eva. "Responsible beverage service : effects of a community action project /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-763-0/.

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21

Pálsdóttir, Sigríður. "Visual Action Recognition Study: Orientation Specificity in Mental Representations of Upright and Inverted Biological Motion." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-587.

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Research on biological motion, using point-light displays to present the motions, have been unravelling what information factors are still embedded in those impoverished stimuli and which of these factors are essential in visual processing of biological motion. Earlier studies suggest that orientation is a crucial factor in biological motion processing. The short-term priming experiment presented in this paper will further investigate the legitimacy of the primacy of orientation and suggest different solutions based on contradicting findings in previously published studies.

In a serial two-choice reaction-time task, participants were presented with a patch-light display of a human engaged in one of three possible actions: climbing up a rope, jumping jacks, and walking. Participants had to identify the in-plane orientation of the human figure emerging from the moving patch-lights. Reliable facilitation effect was established for transitions containing same-oriented upright trails and same-oriented inverted trials. Interestingly, transitions of same-oriented upright trials produced significantly greater facilitation effect than transitions of same-oriented inverted trials.

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Fieldhouse, J. "Exploring the applicability of participatory action research in community mental health care in the UK." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25601/.

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23

Speers, Wendy Jane. "Student nurses' feedback from mental health service users in practice : a participatory action research study." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49079/.

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This study involved student nurses, lecturers, mentors and service users in working together to design, evaluate and refine a system enabling student mental health nurses to seek feedback from service users. The feedback concerned students' interpersonal skills and occurred in practice, at the point of service delivery. Although the drive to engage service users in service delivery, research and education has mainstream acceptance, much remains to be learned about how to achieve meaningful involvement. Mental health professionals are striving to adopt the recovery model and harness service user expertise through the development of more reciprocal relationships. This research aims to contribute to this wider thrust, by exploring the experiences of those concerned when students attempt to learn from rather than about service users. Conducted over two years, a participatory action research approach was adopted. Data came from interviews held with those implementing the system for feedback, and from the deliberations of the participants guiding the process. Thematic analysis produced evidence of relevance to nurse educationalists, mental health nurses and researchers. Although contextual, findings indicated that service users volunteering to give feedback had a positive experience. Students' experience lay on a continuum. Those with a stronger sense of self were more willing and able to ask for feedback than less confident students. Cultural adjustment to the role change required presented a challenge and tested self-awareness. Over time, all students achieved deep learning and, for some, learning appeared transformative. Recommendations relate to the system for seeking feedback and the conduct of participatory action research. Overall, the study concluded that both allowed the development of more equitable relationsh ips, in which mental health nurses respected the expertise of service users. This potentially benefits student development, recoveryorientated practice, service users and Higher Education Institutions searching for meaningful ways to involve service users in learning and formative assessment.
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Van, Slingerland Krista. "Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Sport-Focused Mental Health Service Delivery Model Within a Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42792.

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The overall aim of this Participatory Action Research (PAR; Chevalier & Buckles, 2013; Lewin, 1946) project was to design, implement, and evaluate a specialized sport-focused mental health service delivery model for competitive and high-performance athletes, integrated within a broader Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport (CCMHS). A transformative mixed methods research design (Cresswell, 2014) guided by the PAR approach was employed across three phases during which (a) a sport-specific mental health service delivery model for competitive and high-performance athletes was collaboratively designed by stakeholders (Design Phase [Study 1]), (b) the model was pilot-tested within the CCMHS (Implementation Phase [Study 2]), and (c) the model was evaluated to understand whether practitioners and service-users perceived the care delivered / received within the model to be acceptable and appropriate (Evaluation Phase [Study 3]). Design Phase (Study 1). The purpose of study 1 was to (a) perform an environmental scan of the Canadian mental health care and sport contexts, and (b) design a sport-focused mental health service delivery model for competitive and high-performance athletes within a broader CCMHS. To meet these objectives, 20 stakeholders from the sport and mental health sectors explored (a) the availability and effectiveness of mental health care for competitive and high-performance Canadian athletes, and (b) the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with creating a CCMHS, via two iterations of stakeholder-led focus groups (Rio-Roberts, 2011). The resulting data informed a subsequent Group Concept Mapping (GCM; Burke et al., 2005; Kane & Trochim, 2007; Rosas & Kane, 2012) activity undertaken by stakeholders, which produced an actionable framework (i.e., concept map) organized into six clusters that visually represented the elements (e.g., services, personnel, organizational structures) that stakeholders deemed important to include in the sport-focused mental health care model (e.g., bilingual services, a triage system, sport-specialized practitioners). In addition, the results revealed that misconceptions about the competitive and high-performance population’s mental health and experience of mental illness were widespread and required clarification before significant advances could be made. This led the group to develop six principles designed to establish a common language and understanding upon which to build effective models of mental health care, improved programming, and strategic education for Canada’s competitive and high-performance athletes, coaches, and organizations (Article 1). The framework that emerged from the GCM activity served to guide the remainder of the project, and supported actions (e.g., develop eligibility criteria to access services, hire a team of mental health practitioners with sport competencies [i.e., CCMHS Care Team]) to build the CCMHS and test the model during the Implementation Phase (Article 2). Implementation Phase (Study 2). The purpose of study 2 was to pilot test the mental health service delivery model designed during the first phase of the research project. To do so, an illustrative case study (Keegan et al., 2017; Stake, 1995, 2005) was carried out to demonstrate how (i.e., intake, referral, and service delivery processes) the CCMHS Care Team provided mental health care to a high-performance athlete, and what outcomes resulted from this process. Data to inform the case study was gathered through a review of the service-user’s clinical documents (e.g., intake summary, session notes), and qualitative interviews (n = 2) with the athlete’s Collaborative Care Team lead and the CCMHS Care Coordinator. Document analysis (Bowen, 2009) was used to organize the details of the case found within clinical documents under the categories of the case study framework (i.e., intake and referral process, service-user description, integrated care plan, and outcomes), while a conventional descriptive content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) served to extract salient data from the interviews to further build out the case study. Results revealed that sport significantly influenced the onset and experience of mental illness for the athlete service-user. The lead practitioner’s sport-specific knowledge played a significant role in the diagnosis, treatment and recovery of this athlete given the nature of the athlete’s concerns and high athletic identity. Findings support the notion that specialized mental health care models and teams are necessary to address sport-related factors that can pose unique threats to the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in athletes (Article 3). Implementation Phase (Study 3). The purpose of study 3 was to evaluate the acceptability and appropriateness of the mental health service delivery model designed during Phase 1 and implemented during Phase 2. Qualitative data from three sources (CCMHS practitioners, CCMHS service-users, and CCMHS stakeholders) were collected and analyzed using a multi-step, multi-method process, including16 one-on-one semi-structured interviews with CCMHS practitioners (n = 10) and service-users (n = 6), and a meeting with CCMHS stakeholders (captured via meeting minutes). In addition, 47 documents (e.g., clinical, procedural) created during the implementation phase of the project by CCMHS team members (i.e., practitioners, stakeholders, members of the board of directors) were used to triangulate the other data (Carter, Bryant-Lukosius, DiCenso, Blythe, and Neville, 2014). The Framework Method (Gale et al., 2013; Ritchie and Spencer, 1994) was used to analyze, synthesize, integrate, and interpret the dataset. The deductive data analysis approach taken was guided by the seven components of acceptability developed by Sekhon and colleagues (2017), and the Canadian Medical Association’s definition of appropriate care. Findings showed that the care provided and received within the CCMHS service delivery model was perceived to be acceptable and appropriate, and each component of the model uniquely contributed to practitioner and service-user experiences. For example, the collaborative interdisciplinary approach contributed to the ethicality of the model, promoted the professional development of team members, and enabled Pan-Canadian service provision. The sport-centered nature of care was perceived to enhance the ethicality of services delivered, effectiveness of care, and affective experience of service-users. Implications for further research and practice were discussed in light of areas of the model that emerged as needing improvement (e.g., prohibitive cost of care, practitioner burden from collaborative processes and procedures). Overall, the findings of the research project demonstrate that collaborative approaches to inquiry and practice can be successfully applied in sport to guide stakeholders in developing and testing novel models to improve the health outcomes of sport participants. The research also shows that an interdisciplinary team of practitioners can successfully deliver sport-focused mental health care that is acceptable and appropriate to service-users. Lastly, the project provides data on the first known empirical project to design, implement and evaluate a specialized mental health service delivery model applied nationwide in person and virtually with competitive and high-performance athletes experiencing mental health challenges and symptoms of mental illness.
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Tabaka, John. "Mechanisms of action of antidepressants and their combination for major depressive disorder treatment: a theoretical and clinical approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121186.

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Background: Annually, an estimated 8.2% of Canadians aged 18 or older are affected by major depressive disorder (MDD). Nearly half of those suffering from MDD will fail to achieve remission while also having an inadequate response to an initial and continuous 6-week single antidepressant treatment. This failure to remit or respond to monotherapy, referred to as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), affects more than 30% of those suffering from MDD. The addition of a second antidepressant to improve upon the effects or alleviate the side-effects of the initial antidepressant has repeatedly shown encouraging therapeutic benefits. Unfortunately, the use of combination therapy in clinical settings has remained relatively low. Objective: With knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms of action of each of the seven different classes of antidepressants attained from preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology) conducted at the Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit (NPU) at McGill University, the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy can be maximized and adverse interactions and events minimized. The main goal of this thesis was to review the extensive literature concerning antidepressant studies conducted at the NPU as well as the clinical literature from PubMed and OvidSP in order to discern the most efficacious antidepressants and antidepressant combination treatments. The data collected from the literature was critically compared with the clinical database of the Mood Disorders Clinic (MDC) at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), in order to establish the clinical pertinence of using antidepressant combinations. Methods: A literature review was conducted to discern the most frequently prescribed antidepressants and efficacious antidepressant combination treatments. Subsequently, we analyzed the database of the MUHC; 133 outpatients with a current DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD aged 18 years or older were included in this study. Sociodemographic and clinical information of each patient was obtained during his or her initial diagnostic evaluation by a multidisciplinary team and chart review. Patients were also asked to complete a self-reported BDI-II questionnaire in order to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. Statistical analyses between prescribed antidepressant combinations and symptom severity were performed to determine effectiveness. A critical comparison of the findings from the literature with the clinical information obtained from patients referred to the MDC was conducted. Results: Significantly more women than men were diagnosed with MDD. Within the six months of their initial diagnostic evaluation, 87.2% of the patients had been prescribed an antidepressant. The most frequently prescribed antidepressant was a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), followed by a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and bupropion. Consistent with the literature, the most frequent antidepressant combination treatments were i) SSRI + bupropion, ii) SNRI + bupropion, and iii) SNRI + mirtazapine. No significant difference was found between antidepressant combination treatments and mean total BDI-II scores. Conclusions: Clinical findings were generally consistent with the literature. The literature supported the use of antidepressant combinations for effective and time-efficient treatment of MDD, particularly at the beginning of treatment, yet psychiatrists still appeared hesitant on using this approach. The combinations of bupropion with an SSRI or SNRI were found to be the most efficacious combinations, receiving frequent support in the literature and in this study. Limitations: Low completion rate of the BDI-II resulted in the powers of performed tests to be lower than the desired powers, thus reducing the likelihood of detecting a difference when one may have actually existed. A larger cohort of patients could allow for clinically meaningful differences to be observed.
Contexte: Chaque année, on estime que 8.2% des Canadiens âgés de 18 ans ou plus sont touchés par un trouble dépressif majeur (TDM). Près de la moitié des personnes souffrant de TDM ne parviendra pas à atteindre la rémission tout en ayant une réponse inadéquate au premier traitement antidépresseur pris seul durant 6 semaines continues. Ce défaut de rémission ou de répondre à la monothérapie, appelée dépression résistante au traitement (DRT), affecte plus de 30% des personnes souffrant de TDM. L'ajout d'un second antidépresseur pour améliorer les effets du médicament ou atténuer les effets secondaires de l'antidépresseur a montré à maintes reprises d'encourageants avantages thérapeutiques. Malheureusement, l'utilisation de la thérapie de combinaison dans les milieux cliniques reste relativement faible. Objectif: L'objectif principal de ce travail de recherche était de revisiter la littérature scientifique, à partir des études précliniques menées sur les antidépresseurs chez l'unité de Psychiatrie Neurobiologique à l'université McGill et des études cliniques à partir de PubMed/OvidSP, afin de comprendre le mécanisme d'action des antidépresseurs et les combinaisons possibles les plus efficaces. Ces données de la littérature ont été ensuite comparées avec une banque de données cliniques du programme de troubles de l'humeur du centre universitaire de santé McGill (CUSM), qui est un centre de soins tertiaires psychiatriques, avec le but d'établir la pertinence clinique de l'utilisation des combinaisons d'antidépresseurs. Méthodes: Une revue des études publiés dans la littérature a été effectuée pour discerner les antidépresseurs les plus prescrits et les combinaisons d'antidépresseurs les plus efficaces. Par la suite, nous avons analysé la banque de données du CUSM; 133 patients en consultation externe ayant un diagnostic du DSM-IV de TDM âgés de 18 ans ou plus ont été inclus dans cette étude. Les renseignements sociodémographiques et cliniques de chaque patient ont été obtenus au cours de sa première évaluation diagnostique par une équipe pluridisciplinaire et examen des dossiers. Les patients ont également été invités à remplir un questionnaire d'auto-évaluation de BDI-II afin d'évaluer la sévérité des symptômes dépressifs. Des analyses statistiques entre les combinaisons d'antidépresseurs prescrits et la sévérité des symptômes ont été effectuées. Une comparaison critique de ces résultats de la littérature avec les données cliniques de la banque du CUSM a été réalisée. Résultats: Beaucoup plus de femmes que d'hommes ont été diagnostiqués avec TDM. Dans les six mois suivant leur diagnostic initial, 87.2% des patients avaient été prescrit un antidépresseur. L'antidépresseur le plus prescrit est un ISRS, suivi par un IRSNa et le bupropion. Conformément à la documentation, les traitements combinés d'antidépresseurs les plus fréquents étaient i) ISRS + bupropion, ii) IRSNa + bupropion, et iii) IRSNa + mirtazapine. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les traitements de combinaisons d'antidépresseurs et la moyenne totale des résultats du BDI-II. Conclusions: Les résultats cliniques étaient généralement conformes aux études passées. Les études sont favorables à l'utilisation de combinaisons d'antidépresseurs pour le traitement efficace et plus rapide de TDM, en particulier au début du traitement, mais les psychiatres semblaient encore hésitants sur l'utilisation de cette approche. Les combinaisons de bupropion avec un ISRS ou IRSNa se sont révélées être les combinaisons les plus efficaces, bénéficiant d'un soutien fréquent dans les études passées et dans cette étude. Limitations:Le faible taux d'achèvement du questionnaire BDI-II ont abouti à des pouvoirs de tests effectués à être plus faible que les pouvoirs voulus, réduisant ainsi la probabilité de détecter une différence qui peut avoir réellement existé. Une cohorte plus importante de patients pourrait permettre d'observer des différences cliniquement significatives.
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Ainsworth, Kerri. "Neuropharmacological studies of antidepressant action on brain dopamine systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15c300a8-1395-4a8c-be8e-474c42c5a5b5.

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Bryant, Wendy. "An occupational perspective on user involvement in mental health day services." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3365.

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This participatory action research project enabled service users to influence the modernisation of local mental health day services. The modernisation programme was based on principles of social inclusion, and there were limited understandings of how it could be applied locally. Interpretations of policy gave priority to the relocation of services and facilitating individual recovery. An occupational perspective informed the design, implementation and analysis, emphasising what people chose to do. Critical ethnography informed the role of the researcher. Service user involvement was understood as a democratic process, drawing on direct experience for service development. A forum, established for four years, worked on and supported three research strands, focused on social networking. Service users captured their use of a social lounge using photography in Strand A. In Strand B a checklist was used to investigate social activities. Userled social groups were explored in Strand C through individual interviews. All the findings were systematically analysed and service users were involved in this for Strands A and B. The findings of this research emphasised the importance of social networking within the day services. Strand A indicated the benefits of a safe space, before getting involved and moving on. The final report from this strand led to ongoing funding being allocated for a safe space. For Strand B many social and recreational activities were identified by service users. Stigma was recognised as an ongoing barrier to sustained inclusion. A poster was designed and displayed locally to share the findings. Themes from Strand C demonstrated that user-led groups required active collaboration with mental health services to survive and thrive. A final stage of analysis aimed to uncover the details of taking an occupational perspective. The findings indicated that varied occupational forms involved different service users in different ways, enabling more people to participate. Making the functions of the different events explicit was important for negotiating participation. Meanings were expressed in shared and individual reflection as the research unfolded. Understanding and attending to these aspects facilitated meaningful service user involvement in this research, enabling many people to influence the development of the services they received.
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Cozzani, Márcia Valéria. "Perseveração motora em crianças : impacto da condição de deficiência mental /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100410.

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Orientador: Eliane Mauerberg de Castro
Banca: José Angelo Barela
Banca: Renato de Moraes
Banca: Edison de Jesus Manoel
Banca: Marli Nabeiro
Resumo: Gestos perseverativos são respostas inapropriadas para uma demanda da tarefa e eles são comuns em algumas idades. Diariamente, adultos repetem inconscientemente muitos gestos simples que são automáticos nas suas rotinas. Quando o ambiente é alterado, a sinergia do movimento não é necessariamente ajustada. Isto tem sido associado à disfunção neurológica. Por outro lado, perseveração motora tem sido recentemente usada para interpretar a canônica tarefa Piagetiana A-não-B. Na tarefa Anão- B, bebês são "incentivados" a alcançar e pegar um de dois objetos (localização chamada "A") algumas vezes, com poucos segundos de demora entre dar a dica (chacoalhar o objeto e motivar a criança a pegá-lo) e dar o estímulo para a criança. Depois de um número de tentativas em "A", o experimentador dá a dica no alvo B. Tipicamente, por volta dos 10 meses de idade, bebês com desenvolvimento normal, mesmo olhando esse jogo de esconder e procurar, voltam a alcançar na tampa A depois do experimentador ter dado a dica na tampa B. A proposta deste estudo foi determinar se crianças com e sem retardo mental perseveram ou não na tarefa modificada Piagetiana de alcançe A-não-B, também, identificar o relacionamento entre o olhar e o alcançar durante sua performance, bem como o padrão do alcançar. Nós utilizamos a tarefa modificada da caixa de areia em que um objeto é escondido em uma localização A ou B. Vinte bebês com desenvolvimento normal (GC) (média de idade de 27,3 l 3.82 meses) e vinte crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento (GD) (média de idade de 55,62 l 9.24 meses) foram autorizados por seus pais para participarem do estudo. Enquanto realizaram a tarefa A-não-B na caixa de areia, todos os participantes foram filmados por 3 cameras. Os resultados revelaram que o GD perseverou mais do que o GC ao longo de todas as tentativas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Perseverative gestures are inappropriate responses to a task demand and they are common at any age. Daily, adults repeat unconsciously many simple gestures that are automatic in their routines. When the environment is slightly altered, the movement synergy is not necessarily adjusted. This has been associated to neurological dysfunction. On the other hand, motor perseveration has recently been used to interpret the canonical A not B Piagetian task. In the A not B task, infants are "enticed" to reach for and grasp at one of two objects (location called "A") a few times each, with few seconds delay between cuing (shaking the object and enticing the child to grab it) and giving the stimulus to the child. After a number of trials in A, the experiment cues the B target. Typically, around the age of 9 months, normally-developing infants, even though they watch this "hide and seek" game, return to reach for the "A" lid after being cued to reach for the "B" lid. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not children with and without mental retardation (MR) perseverate in a modified Piagetian "A not B" reaching task, and also to identify the looking and reaching relationship during their performance as well as the reaching pattern. We modified the traditional Piagetian "A not B" task by placing one of two identical targets (lids) inside a sand box. Twenty normally developing infants (ND) (mean age of 27,3 l 3.82 months), and twenty children with mental retardation (MR) (mean age of 55.62 l 9.24 months) were authorized by their parents to take part in this study. While performing the "A not B" sand box task, all participants were videotaped with three cameras. A section experiment shows results confirming that the MR group perseverated throughout all trials. The MR group decoupled looking at the targets from the reaching gesture, while ND group kept lookingreaching coupled ... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
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Finch, Krystal. "Adolescent Engagement in Home-Based Treatment: An Action Research Study." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5859.

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Adolescent engagement in home-based treatment is a challenge within the social work field. Studies have suggested that the foundation of clinical practice relies on the clinician's ability to understand the process of engaging adolescents in treatment, which may also include a period of adaptability, relatability, and connectedness within the treatment setting. The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical practice approaches, roles, and experiences utilized in home-based treatment to adolescents residing in a large city in northeastern United States. This study was grounded in the ecological systems theory which provides social workers with an opportunity to assess the relationships between an individuals behaviors and the environment. A qualitative research design was used in this study. Social work clinicians participated in focus groups to address the clinical roles, characteristics, and skills essential for reducing barriers related to adolescent engagement in home-based treatment and explore the clinical practice approaches and knowledge base related to adolescent engagement in home-based treatment, including the areas of competence, respect, empathy, and passion. Data were analyzed using audiotapes of the focus groups, the transcription process, coding, and a reliability check. Findings from this study suggest that effective social work practice techniques depend upon the clinician's ability to engage the adolescent throughout the entire treatment process. The outcomes for this action research study included both challenging and rewarding opportunities for clinicians to increase understanding of characteristics, skills, values, and experiences in providing home-based treatment to adolescents of a large city in the northeastern United States.
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Mash, Bob. "The development of distance education for general practitioners on common mental disorders through participatory action research." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53100.

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Juarez, Rocio. "A Mental Health Program for Recipients of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)| A Grant Proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784339.

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The purpose of this project was to write a grant proposal to fund a comprehensive mental health program for undocumented youth and young adults who qualified for DACA, and are residents of the City of Long Beach, and adjacent cities. Through receiving these direct services, the undocumented youth and young adults will gain skills to increase their overall well-being.

A literature review was conducted on the history of immigration in the United States, and policy as it relates to undocumented youth. Research was also conducted on evidence-based practices, with a focus on effectiveness in treating depression, anxiety, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). After conducting research for potential funding sources, the grant writer concluded that the California Wellness Foundation was the best potential funder.

The actual submission of the grant proposal is not a requirement for the completion of this thesis.

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Khalaf, Bassem. "The contribution of planning-related motor processes to mental practice and imitation learning." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2972.

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It is still controversial whether mental practice – the internal rehearsal of movements to improve later performance – relies on processes engaged during physical motor performance and, if so, which processes these are. This series of experiments investigates this question. It utilizes a framework of ideomotor action planning theories, and tests whether mental practice may specifically draw upon planning- rather than execution-related motor processes, specifically those processes that “bind” intended action features to action plans. Experiments 1 to 4 utilize a classical stimulus response compatibility paradigm. Participants mentally practiced complex rhythms with either feet or hands while using the same or different body parts to respond to unrelated sounds. In contrast to previous work on stimulus response compatibility, we indeed found that responses were impaired – rather than facilitated – for those body parts that were concurrently used in mental practice. This result was found when participants mentally trained to memorize the rhythms (Experiment 1), to merely improve their performance (Experiment 3), when mental practice and execution directly followed one another and when separated by a different task (Experiment 4). These data link mental practice not to execution but planning related motor processes that are involved in binding intended action features to intended action plans. Experiment 5 and 6 then extend these results to imitation learning. Participants were instructed to learn the rhythms by observing somebody else, while again making unrelated responses with their hand and feet. While previous work on stimulus response compatibility focussed on testing automatic imitation processes, here imitation was therefore goal directed. We found, as in the previous experiments, that responses with the same body parts as used in the observed rhythms were impaired, suggesting that goal-directed imitation might rely on the same planning-related motor processes as the mental practice of action (Experiment 5). Importantly, these effects were only found as long as participants observed the actions with VI the purpose of imitating them later (i.e. formed action plans), but not when they merely tried to memorize the rhythms for later recognition (Experiment 6). The previous experiments suggest that mental practice and observation learning draw upon body-part specific planning processes. Ideomotor theories suggest, however, that action plans can be relatively abstract, and represented in terms of higher-level goals (i.e. the sequence of left and right button presses independent of the body part used). Experiment 7 and 8 therefore tested whether rhythms learned through mental practice or observation learning could be transferred to other body parts. As expected, we found a relatively high amount of potential transfer when rhythms were mentally practiced with one body part, and then had to be transferred to another body part (Experiment 7). However, this only held when participants learned the rhythms based on an abstract rhythm description, as in Experiments 1 to 4. If participants learned the same rhythms during action observation, any benefits were only obtained when the rhythms later had to be executed with the same (rather than a different) body part. Together, the present data suggest that mental practice does not rely on execution related-motor processes, and points to an involvement of planning related motor processes instead. We argue that such a planning-based account of mental practice is more compatible with the available evidence from body neuroscientific and behavioral studies, and allows one to resolve several debates. Moreover, it allows one to conceptualize goal-directed imitation in a similar manner as mental practice.
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Welch, Tiffany M. E. "Assessing the need for enhanced mental health services on a college campus| An appreciative action research inquiry." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709670.

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College counseling centers have adapted through the years to operate in an environment that has undergone frequent changes since such services were first implemented, over 100 years ago. As counseling centers continue to be faced with an increase in the number of students who need mental health services, as well as a continued increase of fiscal pressures that make providing adequate services difficult, both the students and staff must seek new ways of improving current services. Therefore, the utilization of an appreciative action research inquiry (AARI) involved the engagement of university staff, faculty, and students in developing a task force, which looked at ways to improve the current mental health services based on input obtained from individual interviews with the stakeholders: students, faculty, and staff. A qualitative method of data collection consisted of unstructured individual interviews of the members of the task force, a member-check, and field notes. Utilizing epiphanic data analysis proved best. This AARI project explored collaboratively the strengths and weaknesses of the current mental health services currently offered on campus. The AARI provided opportunities for stakeholders to advocate for improvements to the current mental health services on campus as well as recognize the existing strengths. Identified needed improvements that emerged from the date included increased advertisement of the available services, increased education about the need for mental health services, and the necessity for increased awareness of overall mental health services on campus.

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Eaton-Stull, Yvonne. "Action research to expand HOPE Animal-Assisted Crisis Response (AACR) teams in the United States." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3630200.

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Millions of people are adversely affected by crises and disasters each year. Response to disasters relies heavily on volunteer organizations to assist in the aftermath of these traumatic events. HOPE Animal-Assisted Crisis Response (AACR) is one organization that provides needed support to those impacted by way of specially trained crisis dogs. Unfortunately, there is a lack of these certified teams able to effectively respond. The research question for this study was how can HOPE AACR expand (recruit and train qualified new teams) into currently unoccupied areas. This question was answered through collaborative action research (AR) with this organization's members, those who possess the specialized knowledge and training for AACR work. Due to the fact that the nature of this AR did not contain sensitive information that posed risk to participants and that written permission was obtained to use the site name, an exemption was granted to name the site in this study. In particular, this study worked with regional directors in charge of various areas of the U.S., elected board of directors responsible for oversight and approval of organizational changes, and a group of current certified volunteer team members. Participants engaged in various interviews and focus groups in order to share perspectives and experiences to solve the identified problem. Through this AR process, this research team determined a plan of action (target area for expansion and strategies to recruit and train new members). The goal of this study was to document a process which can be refined and re-used for future expansion efforts. Implementation of this action plan will also result in expanded territory, increased ability to meet requests for services, and ultimately enhanced recovery for those exposed to crises and disasters.

Keyword: Animal-Assisted Crisis Response

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Hitchen, Sherrie. "Personal budgets for all? : an action research study on implementing self-directed support in mental health services." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1529.

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Background: The recent political agenda for health and social care requires more client-centred, personalised services. Self-Directed Support, encompassing Direct Payments and Personal Budgets, is designed to provide people with more choice and control over how their needs and outcomes are met. Personal budgets are available for eligible people however take-up is low in mental health services. Research Aims: The study was set in an NHS Health and Social care Trust covering a large predominantly rural area.The aims of this study were: (1) to develop Self-Directed Support within one mental health Trust and; (2) understand more fully service user and carer involvement in the process. Methods: This study used action research incorporating: a spiral methodological framework; a project steering group; and service user and carer co-researchers. Data collection took place between 2007 and 2011, and the project ran in three sequential spirals using qualitative methods to triangulate the findings and identify any divergence in data. Findings: Findings showed that organisational language, structures and power relations provide barriers to effective involvement of service users and carers. Action research is very relevant for researching projects involving transformational change in health and social care, and including service user and carer co-researchers adds rich and authentic data. Findings concerning Self-Directed Support concluded that it afforded people more choice, flexibility and control than previous policy, and an improved quality of life. Concerns about bureaucratic processes, lack of information and knowledge of Self-Directed Supportwere found. Workforce concerns about safety of service users under Self-Directed Support and cultural shifts to more democratic methods of working were reported. Conclusions: This study's results correspond closely with national studies: staff attitudes and culture need changing to empower people to take up Self-directed Support. Concerns about quality assurance and safety are prevalent. Mental health services pose additional obstacles in their structures and reliance on the medical model. Social care knowledge cannot be assumed for all mental health Trust practitioners.
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Klatt, Suzanne. "They're just kids: Residential educators' frustration and hope expressed as action." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1367600530.

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Cozzani, Márcia Valéria [UNESP]. "Perseveração motora em crianças: impacto da condição de deficiência mental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100410.

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Gestos perseverativos são respostas inapropriadas para uma demanda da tarefa e eles são comuns em algumas idades. Diariamente, adultos repetem inconscientemente muitos gestos simples que são automáticos nas suas rotinas. Quando o ambiente é alterado, a sinergia do movimento não é necessariamente ajustada. Isto tem sido associado à disfunção neurológica. Por outro lado, perseveração motora tem sido recentemente usada para interpretar a canônica tarefa Piagetiana A-não-B. Na tarefa Anão- B, bebês são incentivados a alcançar e pegar um de dois objetos (localização chamada A) algumas vezes, com poucos segundos de demora entre dar a dica (chacoalhar o objeto e motivar a criança a pegá-lo) e dar o estímulo para a criança. Depois de um número de tentativas em A, o experimentador dá a dica no alvo B. Tipicamente, por volta dos 10 meses de idade, bebês com desenvolvimento normal, mesmo olhando esse jogo de esconder e procurar, voltam a alcançar na tampa A depois do experimentador ter dado a dica na tampa B. A proposta deste estudo foi determinar se crianças com e sem retardo mental perseveram ou não na tarefa modificada Piagetiana de alcançe A-não-B, também, identificar o relacionamento entre o olhar e o alcançar durante sua performance, bem como o padrão do alcançar. Nós utilizamos a tarefa modificada da caixa de areia em que um objeto é escondido em uma localização A ou B. Vinte bebês com desenvolvimento normal (GC) (média de idade de 27,3 l 3.82 meses) e vinte crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento (GD) (média de idade de 55,62 l 9.24 meses) foram autorizados por seus pais para participarem do estudo. Enquanto realizaram a tarefa A-não-B na caixa de areia, todos os participantes foram filmados por 3 cameras. Os resultados revelaram que o GD perseverou mais do que o GC ao longo de todas as tentativas...
Perseverative gestures are inappropriate responses to a task demand and they are common at any age. Daily, adults repeat unconsciously many simple gestures that are automatic in their routines. When the environment is slightly altered, the movement synergy is not necessarily adjusted. This has been associated to neurological dysfunction. On the other hand, motor perseveration has recently been used to interpret the canonical A not B Piagetian task. In the A not B task, infants are enticed to reach for and grasp at one of two objects (location called A) a few times each, with few seconds delay between cuing (shaking the object and enticing the child to grab it) and giving the stimulus to the child. After a number of trials in A, the experiment cues the B target. Typically, around the age of 9 months, normally-developing infants, even though they watch this hide and seek game, return to reach for the A lid after being cued to reach for the B lid. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not children with and without mental retardation (MR) perseverate in a modified Piagetian A not B reaching task, and also to identify the looking and reaching relationship during their performance as well as the reaching pattern. We modified the traditional Piagetian A not B task by placing one of two identical targets (lids) inside a sand box. Twenty normally developing infants (ND) (mean age of 27,3 l 3.82 months), and twenty children with mental retardation (MR) (mean age of 55.62 l 9.24 months) were authorized by their parents to take part in this study. While performing the A not B sand box task, all participants were videotaped with three cameras. A section experiment shows results confirming that the MR group perseverated throughout all trials. The MR group decoupled looking at the targets from the reaching gesture, while ND group kept lookingreaching coupled ... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
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38

Smith, Helen Mary. "Factors leading to frequent readmission to Valkenberg Hospital for patients suffering from severe mental illnesses." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_8222_1178701013.

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This thesis aimed to explore systematic health service problems that are related to frequent readmission of persons suffering from severe mental illnesses to Valkenberg Hospital. Reduction of acute and chronic beds in the Associated Psychiatric Hospitals, Western Cape over the past decade has led to increasing pressure for beds and rapid inpatient turnover, many of these inpatients being "
revolving door"
patients. Integration of mental health service into general health services, an intrinsic part of the comprehensive primary health care approach in South Africa, is supposed to make mental health care more accessible the public, therefore research into why patients are being frequently readmitted at secondary specialist level is indicated.
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39

Leonardi, Juliana. "Logomúsica: a criação de um novo approach musicoterápico como veículo na promoção da saúde mental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-31102011-084343/.

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Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo a criação de um novo approach musicoterápico inspirado na logoterapia como veículo na promoção da saúde mental. Deste encontro e diálogo entre a logoterapia e as práticas musicoterápicas de base existencial-humanista e cultural, em um contexto de intervenção e pesquisa, nasceu a logomúsica, abordagem musicoterápica criada pelos pesquisadores. Foi montado um grupo de estudo com 15 usuários de um Centro Atenção Psicossocial ao longo de 10 meses de atuação e intervenção com encontros semanais de 1 hora. O trabalho de campo contou com três observadores-participantes treinados para registro no diário de campo e registro audiovisual, além de uma musicoterapeuta como co-terapeuta no piano, violão e percussão. Como procedimentos, realizamos entrevistas individuais iniciais com os sujeitos-pesquisadores, período de observação participante, implantação de ciclos musicoterápicos, a construção coletiva de um espetáculo poético-musical (baseado no protagonismo), a realização de uma mostra artística-terapêutica e uma roda comunitária final para partilhas com os participantes. Os valores dos sujeitos-pesquisadores, a partir deste processo, revelaram a importância do papel da liberdade, da responsabilidade, do protagonismo, da música e dos processos criativos na promoção da saúde mental. Os sentidos compartilhados e mencionados pelos sujeitos-pesquisadores neste trabalho de pesquisa-ação foram: a) as rodas de conversas sobre valores como experiências fortalecedoras para a saúde, a responsabilidade e a liberdade; b) o processo criativo em grupo (saber fazer) como veículos de aprendizado de novas habilidades para o enfrentamento de questões práticas no dia a dia; c) o resgate e partilha da biografia musical como oportunidade de enraizamento existencial (identidade e memória); d) a improvisação poética-musical como espaço para o exercício do saber ser e saber conviver; e) o processo criativo coletivo (construção da mostra poética-musical) como realização do sentido da vida dos participantes (projetos personalizados e o sentido da renovação da comunidade) e, f) a logomúsica, portanto, foi construída nos pilares do noético, do protagonismo, do dialógico e da criatividade musical coletiva, revelando-se uma ferramenta valiosa na promoção da saúde mental.
This research aimed to create a new music therapy approach inspired in logotherapy as a tool to promote mental health. Logomusic is a music therapy approach created by the researchers through the combination of logotherapy and music therapy, with existentialhumanistic and cultural foundation, in a context of intervention and research. A study group with 15 users from a Psychosocial Care Center was set, with interventions lasting for 10 months, through weekly 1-hour meetings. Field work had involvement of three participant-observers, trained for registering on the field diary and audiovisual recording, and a music therapist as co-therapist playing the piano, guitar and percussion. The following procedures were carried out: individual interviews with researchers, period of participant observation, implementation of music therapy cycles, joint construction of a poetic-musical play (based on protagonist roles), organization of an artistic-therapeutic show and a closing community circle for sharing with participants. The values of the research-subjects, from this process, revealed the importance of the role of freedom, responsibility, protagonist roles, music and creative processes in the promotion of mental health. The meanings shared and reported by the research-subjects in this research-action study were: a) talk circles about values as empowering experiences for health, responsibility and freedom; b) the group creative process (knowhow) as tools to learn new skills for dealing with practical issues on a daily basis; c) the access and sharing of the musical biography as an opportunity for existential rooting (identity and memory); d) the poetic-musical improvisation as a space for the exercise of knowing to be and knowing to live with; e) the joint creative process (construction of a poetic-musical play) as an accomplishment of the meaning of participants\' lives (custom-made projects and the sense of renewal of the community) and, f) logomusic, which was built on the pillars of the noetic, the protagonist role, of the dialogue and the collective musical creativity, revealing itself as a valuable tool in promoting mental health.
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40

Bruck, Demaree K. "Engaging Teenagers in Suicide Research through Youth Participatory Action Research." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504799248601175.

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41

Molopo, Fundiswa Olivia. "The readiness of professional Nurses in the Khayelitsha health sub-district to render mental health care services as stipulated in the Healthcare 2010 plans for the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8256_1260526133.

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The study aims to assess the readiness of professional nurses in Khayelitsha health sub district to render mental health care services as stipulated in the Healthcare 2010 Plans for the western Cape. The Main objectives are to assess the readiness of professional nurses in the Khayelitsha health sub district to render mental health care services after de institutionalisation of mentally ill persons in terms of skills and resources, as well as to explore feelings and perceptions of professional nurses regarding the Healthcare 2010 plans for the Western Cape with refernce to mental health.

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42

JANIN, ANNICK. "Une action humanitaire en roumanie : bilan de 8 mois de travail en 1990-1991 dans un camin-spital (centre d'enfants handicapes)." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M350.

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43

Tcaci, Popescu Sergiu. "The role of spontaneous movements in spatial orientation and navigation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH005/document.

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Les gens produisent des mouvements spontanés pendant des tâches de raisonnement spatial. Ces mouvements aident-ils à la performance de la tâche? Nous avons étudié le rôle des mouvements spontanés dans l'orientation spatiale en utilisant des tâches de prise de perspective spatiale (PPS) dans lesquelles les participants devaient imaginer un point de vue différent de leur point de vue actuel. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur des perspectives exigeant des rotations mentales de soi - particulièrement difficiles, elles sont grandement facilitées par un mouvement actif, même en l'absence de vision. La contribution motrice à la performance de la tâche pourrait résulter d'un mécanisme prédictif, qui anticipe les conséquences d'une action avant son exécution, comme un modèle d'anticipation interne (Wolpert & Flanagan, 2001), inhibant par la suite l’exécution du mouvement si nécessaire. Les mouvements observés peuvent être des traces visibles de ce processus. En utilisant un système de capture de mouvements, nous avons montré que les rotations de la tête sont géométriquement liées à la PPS : leur direction et amplitude étaient liées à la direction et à l'angle entre les perspectives réelles et imaginée (Exp. 1). Chez les contrôleurs aériens, qualifiés ou apprentis, seule la direction de la rotation de la tête était liée à la PPS, reflétant probablement l'expertise spatiale ainsi que le rôle crucial de la direction dans la rotation mentale (Exp. 2). Dans un environnement virtuel, les rotations de tête spontanées étaient liées à une performance accrue. Cependant, les rotations volontaires, qui imitent celles qui sont produites spontanément, ne facilitent pas la performance de navigation (Exp. 3), mais l'empêchent lorsqu’elles sont contraires à la direction de la rotation virtuelle. Nos résultats suggèrent une contribution motrice spécifique à l'orientation spatiale, compatible avec la prédiction motrice
People produce spontaneous movements during spatial reasoning tasks. Do they relate to task performance? We investigated the role of spontaneous movements in spatial orientation using spatial perspective-taking (SPT) tasks where participants adopted imaginary perspectives. We focused on imaginary perspectives requiring mental rotations of the self as they are particularly difficult and greatly facilitated by active movement in the absence of vision. Motor contribution to task performance could result from a predictive mechanism, which anticipates the consequences of an action before its execution, such as an internal forward model (Wolpert & Flanagan, 2001), further inhibiting full rotations of the head. Observed movements may be visible traces of this process. Using motion capture, we showed that head movements are geometrically related to SPT: both the direction and amplitude of head rotations were related to the direction and angle between the actual and imagined perspectives (Exp. 1). In air traffic controllers and apprentices, only the direction of head rotation was related to SPT, probably reflecting spatial expertise and its crucial role in mental rotation (Exp. 2). In a virtual environment, spontaneous head rotations were related to increased performance. However voluntary rotations, emulating the spontaneously produced ones, did not facilitate navigation performance (Exp. 3), but hindered it when inconsistent with the direction of virtual rotation. Overall, our findings suggest a specific motor contribution to spatial orientation consistent with motor prediction
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44

Cavnar-Lewandowski, Zoé, and Kelsey Gavin. "The Potential of Refugee Art to Inspire Empathy and Social Action." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2017. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/299.

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This research seeks to utilize an art experiential to explore the potential of art and art making as a means to stimulate empathy towards refugee populations. Researchers attempt to show how art can evoke empathy and inspire social action by communicating the experiences of marginalized communities, specifically Syrian refugees. This research follows a qualitative approach utilizing appropriate quantitative methodologies for data analysis. The research design includes experiential art based focus groups, implementation of guided relational viewing (Potash & Ho, 2011), surveys, response art, and verbal discussion. The data analysis observes for common themes among the three parts of the experiential, and assesses for graphic empathy (Potash & Ho, 2011) and empathic imagination (Kapitan, 2012). Our inquiry explores how participants from two groups, undergraduate studio art majors and first year art therapy graduate students, understand and relate with the experience of Syrian refugee children through art viewing and making. Researchers’ examine how these processes may act as a way to stimulate empathy and act as a catalyst for social action. After analyzing the participants’ response art and their discussions about the art viewing and making process, researchers identified four major themes distinguishing the two groups, and three major themes the groups had in common. Researchers’ examination of pre- and post-surveys on attitudes and behaviors towards refugees indicated changes that informed the conclusions of this research. Researchers conclude with a discussion of the results and how the results inform answers to the research questions and future implications.
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45

Yung, Tsang Sun-may Grace. "Enhancing teachers' competencies in positive behaviour management in a school for moderately mentally handicapped children : an action research approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14710171.

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46

Xabakashe, Ayanda. "Experiences and perceptions of mothers recovering from depression with regard to the impact of depression on family roles and coping skills." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2854_1254815311.

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The aim of the present study was to explore the subjective experiences and perceptions of mothers diagnosed with depression. The study investigated mothers' understandings of the extent to which their illness had impacted on their appraisal of their mothering and associated roles within the family. Furthermore, it investigated mothers' coping skills with regard to their illness.

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47

Dulek, Erin. "How I See Things: Older Adults Living with Serious Mental Illness Describe their Experiences Using Photovoice." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1621196503959561.

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48

Sommers, Kimberly M. "Disability Identity Formation in People with Severe Mental Illness and Treatment Seeking and Compliance: A Participatory Action Research Study." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1373616415.

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49

Seebohm, Patience. ""It's about liberation" : community development support for groups of black people with mental health problems." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/305404/.

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Disproportionately high numbers of Black people use mental health services and experience involuntary treatment in the UK. There is no simple explanation, but research and policy suggest that groups run by and for Black people with mental health problems provide valued support. This study asks how community development (CD) practice can help these groups to develop and thrive. The research adopted an action research framework to develop four cycles of research, each informing the next, within a social constructivist paradigm. Methods were mainly qualitative: interviews, group discussions and observation, with a questionnaire survey in cycle one. This asked CD practitioners about their activities and helped to identify two groups for case studies in cycles two and three. During the case studies, groups received development support on their chosen topic while participating in qualitative research; activities were clearly demarcated. Reflective field notes added to the data. In the fourth cycle reflective conversations with eminent ‘critical friends’ refined and affirmed the learning. Thematic analysis was continuous and progressive. Findings suggest that CD practitioners can inspire and help Black people with mental health problems to come together in member-led, mutually supportive groups, justifying Black-only membership. Effective practitioners, especially Black role models, helped groups to generate self-belief and self-efficacy through collective action, enabling members to change their status, services and community. Those practitioners who demonstrated critical humility, commitment and competence broke the pattern of racial and psychiatric dominance. Others inadvertently reinforced societal oppression. A new concept is introduced to encapsulate the learning: the ‘liberation approach’ to CD which synthesises four perspectives: radical CD, mental health recovery, Black self-help and liberation theories. This approach helps groups to challenge oppressive processes, breaking the mould in which they feel constrained. The study contributes new theory, evidence and research methodology about CD and self-organising groups within this context.
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50

Seebohm, Patience. ""It's about liberation" Community development support for groups of black people with mental health problems." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/305404/1/Seebohm%20thesis%20Aug%202013.pdf.

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Disproportionately high numbers of Black people use mental health services and experience involuntary treatment in the UK. There is no simple explanation, but research and policy suggest that groups run by and for Black people with mental health problems provide valued support. This study asks how community development (CD) practice can help these groups to develop and thrive. The research adopted an action research framework to develop four cycles of research, each informing the next, within a social constructivist paradigm. Methods were mainly qualitative: interviews, group discussions and observation, with a questionnaire survey in cycle one. This asked CD practitioners about their activities and helped to identify two groups for case studies in cycles two and three. During the case studies, groups received development support on their chosen topic while participating in qualitative research; activities were clearly demarcated. Reflective field notes added to the data. In the fourth cycle reflective conversations with eminent ‘critical friends’ refined and affirmed the learning. Thematic analysis was continuous and progressive. Findings suggest that CD practitioners can inspire and help Black people with mental health problems to come together in member-led, mutually supportive groups, justifying Black-only membership. Effective practitioners, especially Black role models, helped groups to generate self-belief and self-efficacy through collective action, enabling members to change their status, services and community. Those practitioners who demonstrated critical humility, commitment and competence broke the pattern of racial and psychiatric dominance. Others inadvertently reinforced societal oppression. A new concept is introduced to encapsulate the learning: the ‘liberation approach’ to CD which synthesises four perspectives: radical CD, mental health recovery, Black self-help and liberation theories. This approach helps groups to challenge oppressive processes, breaking the mould in which they feel constrained. The study contributes new theory, evidence and research methodology about CD and self-organising groups within this context.
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