Journal articles on the topic 'Men – Psychology – Fiction'
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1
James, Kerrie. "Truth or Fiction: Men as Victims of Domestic Violence?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 17, no. 3 (September 1996): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1467-8438.1996.tb01087.x.
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Lee, Terry. "“Instigating Women” and Initiation in Postmodern Male Identity: Women Mentoring Men in Michael Dorris's Short Fiction." Journal of Men’s Studies 6, no. 2 (March 1998): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106082659800600206.
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Two short stories from Working Men by the American fiction writer Michael Dorris enact romantic heterosexual relationships in which a woman becomes the mentor who helps carry a man stuck in delayed adolescence into initiated manhood. Dorris's stories update and make accessible the mythical and magical elements that Robert Bly has described in his Iron John as being able to renew a man stuck in his boyhood woundedness. Where Bly discusses the female mentor for men in terms of “meeting the god woman” and the wild woman guarding a sacred pond, Dorris fleshes out his female guides in the form of what Bly calls “instigating wom[en],” contemporary women who possess a certain wisdom. These women play a life-transforming role in establishing a more mature, differentiated identity in men.
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Bean, Thomas W., and Helen Harper. "Reading Men Differently: Alternative Portrayals of Masculinity in Contemporary Young Adult Fiction." Reading Psychology 28, no. 1 (March 2007): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02702710601115406.
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Furnham, Adrian. "Remembering Stories as a Function of the Medium of Presentation." Psychological Reports 89, no. 3 (December 2001): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.483.
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Participants (50 women, 35 men) either watched, listened to, or read a piece of fiction for television. An immediate cued recall test showed, as predicted, that the group who read the piece remembered more than either of the other two groups. This confirms previous findings on adults that recall of material presented in the print medium is superior to that from audio-only and audio-visual presentation.
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Goodstein, Elizabeth. "‘Behind the Poetic Fiction’: Freud, Schnitzler and Feminine Subjectivity." Psychoanalysis and History 6, no. 2 (July 2004): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2004.6.2.201.
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In 1922 Sigmund Freud wrote to fellow Viennese author and dramatist Arthur Schnitzler: ‘I believe I have avoided you out of a sort of fear of my double’. Through a series of reflections on this imagined doubling and its reception, this paper demonstrates that the ambivalent desire for his literary other attested by Freud's confession goes to the heart of both theoretical and historical questions regarding the nature of psychoanalysis. Bringing Schnitzler's resistance to Freud into conversation with attempts by psychoanalytically oriented literary scholars to affirm the Doppengängertum of the two men, it argues that not only psychoanalytic theories and modernist literature but also the tendency to identify the two must be treated as historical phenomena. Furthermore, the paper contends, Schnitzler's work stands in a more critical relationship to its Viennese milieu than Freud's: his examination of the vicissitudes of feminine desire in ‘Fräulein Else’ underlines the importance of what lies outside the oedipal narrative through which the case study of ‘Dora’ comes to be centered on the uncanny nexus of identification with and anxious flight from the other.
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Langner, Laura A., and Frank F. Furstenberg. "Gender Differences in Spousal Caregivers’ Care and Housework: Fact or Fiction?" Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby087.
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Abstract Objective Many studies reveal a gender gap in spousal care during late life. However, this gap could be an artifact of methodological limitations (small and unrepresentative cross-sectional samples). Using a data set that overcomes these limitations, we re-examine the question of gender differences in spousal care and housework adjustment when a serious illness occurs. Method We use biannual waves between 2001 and 2015 of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study and growth curve analyses. We follow couples longitudinally (identified in the household questionnaire) to analyze shifts in spousal care hours and housework plus errand hours that occur as a response to the spousal care need. We test for interactions with levels of care need and with gender. Results We found that men increase their care hours as much as women do, resulting in similar care hours. They also increase their housework and errand hours more than women do. Yet at lower levels of spousal care need, women still do more housework and errands because they spent more time doing housework before the illness. Discussion Even in a context of children’s decreasing availability to care for parents, male spouses assume the required caregiving role in systems relying on a mixture of public and private care.
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Lisiecka, Alicja. "Dehumanizacja Obcego. Rola sztuki popularnej w uświadamianiu problemu na przykładzie Men Against Fire (2016)." Edukacja Międzykulturowa 20, no. 1 (2023): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/em.2023.01.09.
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Dehumanization is – in the broadest sense – the process of depriving a person of positive human qualities. This problem, considered mainly in the field of social psychology, has strong pedagogical significance. The article is aimed to show the potential importance of popular art for intercultural education, precisely: to show the role that popular art can play in raising the awareness of the problem posed by dehumanization of the Other. To achieve the intended goal, the author indicates the justified presence of popular art in education, introduces the concept of the Other, i.e. a person who is beyond the horizon of a given person’s experience, who is outside a given community or is cognitively dangerous, and outlines the issue of dehumanization. The exemplification was conducted on the example of the episode of the British science fiction series Black Mirror – Men Against Fire (2016). The considerations are carried out from the perspective of contemporary aesthetic education, which refers conceptually to the Polish theory of aesthetic education. Humanistically oriented, contemporary aesthetic education must be conducted in the vein of pluralism and interculturalism; it should also contribute to the development of a person’s holistic personality: from their aesthetic sensitivity and moral orientation, to their ability of critical thinking and creativity. In the article, the possibilities are indicated of using popular art in education by building theoretical interpretive contexts.
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Pérez-Gil, María del Mar. "Representations of Nation and Spanish Masculinity in Popular Romance Novels: The Alpha Male as “Other”." Journal of Men’s Studies 27, no. 2 (September 23, 2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826518801531.
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The alpha hero embodies the hegemonic masculinity that has long dominated romance fiction. The portrayal of this male type is, however, problematized when he is an exotic foreigner, as his hyper-heterosexualized masculinity is often associated with the gender backwardness of his country. This article is concerned with popular romance novels set in Spain in the 1970s. It explores how British authors rely on gender and national clichés that construct an essentialized image of Spanish men. The primitive and instinctual masculinity attributed to them reveals these novels’ complicity with the ideology of Britain’s superiority.
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Smith, Brett. "Sporting Spinal Cord Injuries, Social Relations, and Rehabilitation Narratives: An Ethnographic Creative Non-Fiction of Becoming Disabled Through Sport." Sociology of Sport Journal 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.30.2.132.
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Working at the intersection of sociology and psychology, the purpose of this paper was to examine people’s experiences during rehabilitation of being and having an impaired body as a result of suffering a spinal cord injury (SCI) while playing sport. Interview data with men (n = 20) and observational data were collected. All data were analyzed using narrative analyses. To communicate findings in a way that can incorporate the complexity of results and reach wide audiences, the genre of ethnographic creative nonfiction was used. The ethnographic creative nonfiction extends research into issues related to disability, rehabilitation and sporting injury by 1) producing original empirical knowledge, 2) generating a theoretical account of human thought, affect and action as emerging not inside the individual but within social relations and the narratives that circulate between actors, and 3) capturing the impact of this research.
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Van De Mosselaer, Nele. "Imaginative Desires and Interactive Fiction: On Wanting to Shoot Fictional Zombies." British Journal of Aesthetics 60, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayz049.
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Abstract What do players of videogames mean when they say they want to shoot zombies? Surely they know that the zombies are not real, and that they cannot really shoot them, but only control a fictional character who does so. Some philosophers of fiction argue that we need the concept of imaginative desires (or ‘i-desires’) to explain situations in which people feel desires towards fictional characters or desires that motivate pretend actions. Others claim that we can explain these situations without complicating human psychology with a novel mental state. Within their debates, however, these scholars exclusively focus on non-interactive fictions and children’s games of make-believe. In this paper, I argue that our experience of immersive, interactive fictions like videogames gives us cause to reappraise the concept of imaginative desires. Moreover, I describe how i-desires are a useful conceptual tool within videogame development and can shed new light on apparently immoral in-game actions.
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Dawson, Jon Falsarella. "Steinbeck Today." Steinbeck Review 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/steinbeckreview.20.2.0282.
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Abstract “Steinbeck Today” includes contemporary notes and mentions of John Steinbeck’s works and legacy of interest to scholars, fans, and general-interest readers. In 2022 and early 2023, Steinbeck’s fiction has continued to cause controversy, most notably in popular discourse regarding banned books, while also inspiring adaptations in range of mediums, including performances of Of Mice and Men as ballet and an opera. Further, this period has seen efforts to preserve sites that are significant to Steinbeck’s life and work.
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Heinecke, Liz. "Provisions for Seven: Discovering Carol on the Sea of Cortez." Steinbeck Review 20, no. 1 (June 2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/steinbeckreview.20.1.0091.
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Abstract In The Sea of Cortez, John Steinbeck mentions that the Western Flyer carried provisions for seven, but writes about only six crew members, including himself. The unmentioned passenger, hardly a ghost, was his first wife, Carol. A force of nature, she collected and preserved marine invertebrates with John and Ed Ricketts, joked and drank with the men, and thoroughly enjoyed herself. John and Carol separated shortly after the trip, and she left no written account of her adventures on the Sea of Cortez. Fortunately, the Steinbeck universe is populated by countless experts, documents, audio recordings, and artifacts that help fill the gaps in Carol’s story and allow one to imagine what her experience might have been. A visit to the Lab on Cannery Row and a trip to the Sea of Cortez helped to complete the picture as I wrapped up my research for a historical fiction novel about Carol’s experience aboard the Western Flyer.
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Sofiatin, Sofiatin, Dadang Sunendar, Sumiyadi Sumiyadi, and Andoyo Sastromiharjo. "GINOKRITIK TERHADAP NOVEL TANAH TABU KARYA ANINDITA S. THAYF (GYNOCRITICISM AGAINST TANAH TABU NOVEL BY ANINDITA S. THAYF)." Fon: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 18, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5441.
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ABSTRAK: Penelitian berjudul Ginokritik terhadap Novel Tanah Tabu Karya Anindita S. Thayf bertujuan mengkaji tulisan perempuan yang menceritakan perempuan dengan menggunakan teori ginokritik dari Showalter (1981) hanya melalui model penulisan perempuan dan psikologi perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa teks dari isi cerita novel Tanah Tabu. Intertekstual tulisan laki-laki dalam tulisan perempuan telah hadir sejak permulaan abad 20. Namun, sejumlah besar pengarang perempuan pada Angkatan 2000 menunjukkan kemandirian mereka dalam menggunakan penulisan biologi, bahasa, psiklogi, dan budaya perempuan. Intertekstual feminisme laki-laki dalam novel pengarang perempuan Angkatan 2000 mulai menghilang. Hal ini adalah entitas dari kemandirian feminisme pengarang perempuan. Itu artinya, pengarang perempuan mampu menghasilkan teks sendiri yakni, tidak mengadopsi kembali ciri khas tulisan laki-laki ke dalam karya mereka. Salah satu kemandirian tersebut terdapat pada novel Tanah Tabu karangan Anindita S. Thayf. Sebagai penyampai pesan, Thayf banyak menghasilkan teks bermuatan psikologi pada karyanyanya. Berdasarkan kajian, ditemukan 75 buah teks lisan dan tulisan bermuatan psikologi pada beberapa tokoh perempuan. Hal itu merupakan cerminan dari psikologi Thayf sebagai pengarangnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan dosen dan mahasiswa pada mata kuliah kajian prosa fiksi, dan dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi para peneliti lain dengan sumber data berbeda namun pendekatan serupa. KATA KUNCI: Ginokritik; penulisan perempuan dan psikologi perempuan; novel Tanah Tabu GYNOCRITICISM AGAINST TANAH TABU NOVEL BY ANINDITA S. THAYF ABSTRACT: The research entitled Gynocriticism against Tanah Tabu Novel by Anindita S. Thayf aims to examine women's writings that tell women by using Showalter's (1981) gynocritic theory only through women's writing models and women's psychology. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research is in the form of text from the content of the Tanah Tabu novel. Intertextual writing of men in writing of women has existed since the beginning of the 20th century. However, a large number of female authors in the Angkatan 2000 demonstrated their independence in using women's biology, language, psychology, and cultural writing. The intertextual male feminism in the novels of female authors Angkatan 2000 is disappearing. This is the entity of the independent feminism of female authors. That means, female authors are able to produce their own texts, that is, not to re-adopt the characteristics of male writing into their works. One of these independence is found in the Tanah Tabu novel by Anindita S. Thayf. As a messenger, Thayf produces a lot of psychologically charged texts in his work. Based on the study, it was found that 75 oral and written texts containing psychology were found in several female characters. This is a reflection of Thayf's psychology as the author. The results of this study can be used by lecturers and students in the course of fiction prose studies, and can be used as a reference for other researchers with different data sources but with a similar approach. KEYWORDS: gynocriticism; women's writing and women's psychology; Tanah Tabu novel
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Кириллова, Ольга Юрьевна, Наталья Станиславовна Кириллова, and Александр Сергеевич Пушкин. "DIALECTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE IN “DIE PORTUGIESIN” BY ROBERT MUSIL." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 3(116) (October 7, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2022.116.3.007.
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В статье на примере произведения австрийского писателя XX в. Р. Музиля „Die Portugiesin“ («Португалка») исследуется тема «соединения» мужского и женского начал, тема «иного состояния», в котором мужское или «рациоидное», активное, интеллектуальное начало стремится к слиянию с женским, «нерациоидным», пассивным, чувственным. В настоящее время происходит новое осмысление ролевых отношений мужчин и женщин, все чаще поднимается вопрос о гендерной картине нашего общества, которая формируется в сознании людей в том числе под влиянием художественной литературы. Опираясь на аксиологический и антропологический подходы, а также метод общетекстового анализа, комплексного исследования языковых средств, авторы приходят к выводу, что самореализация мужчин и женщин происходит через слияние маскулинного и феминного в паре, приводя к гармонии и единству. Разительный контраст мужского и женского образов в портретной характеристике, действиях и поступках персонажей, психологии поведения по ходу развития сюжета выражен в ярких сравнениях и эпитетах, лексике определенных семантических групп. Несмотря на два полярных способа восприятия одной реальности, желание понять друг друга, чувство любви становится силой, объединяющей противоположности. The article examines the theme of “connection” of male and female, the theme of “another state”, in which the male or “rationoid”, active, intellectual principle strives to merge with the female, “non-rational", passive, sensual in the work of the Austrian writer of the 20th century R. Musil “Portuguese”. Currently, the role relations of men and women are being reconsidered. The issue of the gender picture of our society (which is also formed in people’s minds by fiction) is more often raised. Based on the axiological and anthropological approaches, as well as the method of general textual analysis, integrated study of language means, the authors come to the conclusion that the self-realization of men and women occurs through the merging of the male and female leading to harmony and unity. The striking contrast of the male and female images in the portrait characteristics, actions, and deeds of the characters, the psychology of behavior in the development of the plot is expressed in vivid comparisons and epithets, and in the vocabulary of certain semantic groups. Despite the two polar ways of perception of one reality, the desire to understand each other, the feeling of love become a force that unite the opposites.
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Scholz, David F., and James J. Forest. "Effects of Fictional, Autobiographical and Self-Help Literature on Personality Measures." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.91.
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This study evaluated three types of books under different reading conditions and using two measures of personality. Data from 163 women were analyzed in a 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate design, with control groups, which varied type of book (fiction, autobiography, self-help), reading condition (supervised and unsupervised), and order of testing (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personal Orientation Inventory). None of the groups who received books to read had mean scores significantly different from those of the control groups. However, the group reading the self-help book had significantly higher scores on scales of self-actualization than the groups using fictional or autobiographical books.
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Bucur Tincu, Bianca Maria. "A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN - AN INQUIRY INTO THE CHARACTER’S EVOLUTION." Incursions into the imaginary 14, no. 1 (August 20, 2023): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/inimag.2023.14.3.
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James Joyce, a prominent figure in the modernist literary movement, created the character Stephen Dedalus and revealed an example of how consciousness functions when one searches for direction in life. The chaotic nature of human consciousness is revealed through literary devices and techniques that prove the lifelikeness of the character and the way fiction represents not only the reality of a specific time but the reality of the multitude of meanings present within the content of fictional writing, namely literature. The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the main character in the novel “A Portrait of The Artist as a Young Man” by James Joyce to reveal the way Stephen Dedalus builds his consciousness and finds the tone of his “voice”. The metaphor of the voice is to be considered the conceptual term used to describe the different phases of the character’s evolution and the way he succeeds in creating order among uncertainties, quests, and struggles. The term “voice” is used within the neuro-scientific frame of thought, as defined by Antonio Damasio as being “the representation of the conscious self” (Damasio 2010: 45). Both terms, namely consciousness and voice, lead to psychological content; thus, the nature of the analysis is psychological, literary, and symbolic as well. The mythological dimension is to be interpreted through symbols and their significance. The literary dimension revolves around literary techniques such as interior monologue and stream of consciousness, and the psychological frame includes elements that connect literature and psychology.
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Bhattacharya, Rima. "Rewriting Immigrant Masculinities in Selected Works of Bharati Mukherjee." Journal of Men’s Studies 29, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 278–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826521995125.
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The precedence of women over men in Bharati Mukherjee’s works reflects an attempt on her part to construct a feminine narrative as a means of countering the marginalized position that women usually occupy in mainstream traditional literature. This paper probes how with such displacement of female perspectives into an authoritative position, routinely prescribed for men, Mukherjee revises the suspiciously stable place occupied by male immigrant subjects in fictional writings. Employing the critical voices of several masculinity theorists, this paper explores how immigrant men’s conceptions of masculinity are reformulated and challenged by their migration processes. Seen in the light of gender oppression, the male characters, seem to occupy an ineffective and feminine narrative space even in powerful male stories of immigrant economic success written by Mukherjee. Finally, the paper probes how Mukherjee’s act of rewriting masculinity from inventive perspectives in her fictions introduces new, more egalitarian, and alternate models of manhood.
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Ismat ullah. "Contradictions Of Raja Giddh." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 5, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareecha-e-tahqeeq.v5i2.169.
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Bano Qudsia, a well-known novelist of Urdu fiction has written four novels. Raja giddh gained great popularity. The novel is based on many themes. She has deep insight of human psychology. By exposing the contradiction of human characters, She has displayed the duality of human nature. In this great pieces of writing, Bano has described the four stages of life in which ups and down are reflected vividly. This classical novel also shows the religious concept of Hallal and Haraam. She Preaches faith and transparency in life. This Classical novel also has the Shadow of failed love. Thus Novel is a great combination of Psychology, Philosophy, religion and Sociology. It is a reforming and moral story to point out the negativity of man and society
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Reifman, Boris V. "“Man of the Crowd” and “Man of Mass” as Different Conceptualizations of Identical Social Phenomena." Koinon 2, no. 3 (2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/koinon.2021.02.3.025.
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The article compares various conceptualizations of what played an essential role in the European socio-cultural reality of the 18th — 20th centuries, the phenomenon of public life, which, since the end of the Enlightenment, has filled the words “crowd” and “mass of people” with new meanings. The text does not highlight separate paragraphs. However, it consists of two approximately equal parts. In the first part, the author draws on the chapter of V. Benjamin’s work “Baudelaire” called “Flâneur” as an additional source that helps better understand the main subject. Further, on the example of E. Poe “The Man of the Crowd” and O. de Balzac, he examines reflection on the phenomenon of the crowd in fiction and criticism of the first half of the 19th century. In this period, the “crowd” as a particular phenomenon of reality acquires opposite value characteristics. On the one hand, the images of the crowd express a lifeless, sinister bourgeois commercialism. On the other, they depict a dynamic, sublime “spirit of modernity” that destroys any habituality, appearing as a phenomenon of the birth of a new industrial world, the world of megacities. The philosophical-cultural and sociopsychological conceptualizations of the end of the century before last follow these early versions of understanding the “crowd” in fiction and criticism. At first glance, the concept of “mass man” in F. Nietzsche’s “Will to Power” and the concept of “crowd man” in the social psychology of G. Le Bon and G. Tarde seem to be almost identical. However, an analysis of these concepts shows that their authorscreators inscribed them in absolutely different contexts, again expressing polar assessments of modernity. The concepts-antipodes of “man of the mass” and “man of the crowd”, which are, respectively, “superman” and “public” testify to this difference in the first place.
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Doble, John. "The Mind Reader." After Dinner Conversation 3, no. 9 (2022): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20223988.
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Are weak people more prone to follow an authoritarian? In this work of philosophical short fiction, the narrator tells the story of a man he knew in the 1970’s. In this remembered story, the narrator is a psychology student learning about the “F Test,” a test that supposedly allows you to gauge your fascist tendencies. He friend, a Vietnam Vet, disagrees with the simplicity of the test. To prove his point the friend talks to, and easily manipulates, a bohemian woman in the bar to change her life (for the better). The narrator watches and does nothing, but is horrified by how easily this happens. The incident ends their friendship.
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Saud, Indah Wardaty, Harni Jusuf, and Saidna Zulfiqar Bin Tahir. "Main Character in the Novel Cover of Night by Linda Howard: Psychological Analysis." ELOQUENCE : Journal of Foreign Language 1, no. 2 (August 6, 2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58194/eloquence.v1i2.396.
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Background: Novels are book-length fictional prose narratives, usually representing characters and actions with some degree of realism. Because of the main character in Linda Howard’s Novel Cover Night, it is important to study
Purpose: to find out and describe the psychology of the main character in the novel Cover of Night by Linda Howard so that it helps obtain information and knowledge about the linguistic psychology of the main character, as well as developing literature. Studies related to character building.
Method: This study uses the library method. The researcher will describe the main character of the novel. Namely Linda Howard’s novel “Cover of Night” as the primary data source. The other is about the characters in the novel. Researchers use a psychological approach to analyze the novel.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study are that the main characters, Cate Nightingale and Calvin Harris, in this novel are portrayed positively as good characters, while Cate Nightingale is a loyal woman. She had no relationship with other men after her husband’s death. Her love for her husband made her blind and never attracted to other men. Cate is also a hardworking woman. He has to work hard to earn money to raise his children, so Calvin falls in love with Cate. Calvin Harris is a strong and mighty man with such a significant character that he makes an impression on one’s life.
Implication: This research provides positive inspiration about Calvin’s personality as a character who has a heroic nature. This novel helps obtain information about the linguistic psychology of the main character, who is always brave in protecting someone he loves, even though he has to risk his life.
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Nomura, Kohei, and Seiki Akai. "Empathy with Fictional Stories: Reconsideration of the Fantasy Scale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index." Psychological Reports 110, no. 1 (February 2012): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.07.09.11.pr0.110.1.304-314.
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The present research compared empathy for real people with empathy for fictional characters. 95 university students (53 men, 42 women) ages 18–22 years ( M = 19.5, SD = 1.9) completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Fictional IRI. The IRI is a widely used measure of human empathy, and the Fictional IRI contains items from the original IRI that have been modified to investigate empathy for fictional characters. Empathy for characters in fictional stories was found to correlate statistically significantly with empathy for real people on all but a few factors. The results of the present study indicate that empathy for real people and empathy for fictional characters are similar, suggesting that the Fantasy subscale of the IRI, which is limited to fictional stories, should be reconsidered.
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Nizomova, Shoxista Shodiyevna. "Images In Modern Uzbek Poetry." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.824.
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Like other forms of art, fiction reflects the mental state and thoughts of the people in it. Life always consists of people’s lives, work activities, struggles, emotions, experiences. The descriptive theme of literature is, first and foremost, man. There is no image of man, and there is no fiction where it is not intended. Accordingly, the concept that occupies a central place in the science of literature is also the concept of the image hero. The concept of image has a wide and narrow meaning. While the concept of emblem in the broadest sense represents a landscape of life in which the thoughts and feelings of the creator are embodied, in the narrowest sense it represents the image of a human being reflected in a work of art. This article looks into the imagery in modern Uzbek literature and poetry.
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Olwell, Victoria. "States of Mind: Consent and Literary Fiction in the US." American Literary History 33, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab052.
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Abstract In the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US, what did it mean, and for whom, to ground the state’s legitimacy in the consent of the governed, or to see the whole range of economic, familial, and social relationships to mirror and amplify that consensual basis? And what roles did prose fiction, particularly the novel, play in elaborating a model of legitimate rule that was tied up with contests over both politics and subjectivity? The book described in this article takes up these questions. Controversies about consent were driven by the fact that groups historically excluded from full citizenship were struggling, with mixed success, to be counted among the citizens whose consent mattered to the legitimacy of the state and its democratic life. These controversies were deepened by evolving and intersecting models of political order and psychology. Although consent was an object of legislative and juridical dispute, it was also examined in a wide-reaching vernacular discourse. Literary fiction seized on controversies about consent, using the resources of narrative form not only in directly political ways, as in advocacy for rights, but also in theoretical ways that probed the complexities of consent and its connections to social order.
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Pettegrew, John. "The Return to Primal Man: The Psychology of Primitivism in Turn-of-the-Century Naturalist Fiction and College Football." Journal of Men's Studies 2, no. 1 (August 1, 1993): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.0201.29.
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Ingalls, Victoria. "Sex Differences in the Creation of Fictional Heroes with Particular Emphasis on Female Heroes and Superheroes in Popular Culture: Insights from Evolutionary Psychology." Review of General Psychology 16, no. 2 (June 2012): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027917.
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Cultural and psychological perspectives have been used to examine the characteristics of modern fictional heroes, but rarely if ever has an evolutionary approach been applied to this topic, an approach that could be quite enlightening. Evolutionary psychology suggests that sexual selection will have shaped differences in the underlying behavioral tendencies of males and females. Specifically, the higher parental investment of females makes establishing dominance more valuable to males and the helping of family members more valuable for females. If this is true, evolved differences manifesting themselves in the subconscious could influence the characteristics of the fictional heroes created by each sex. Here, I use a preliminary examination of female superheroes from the popular media to help frame an exploration of these predicted sex differences, which is followed by a more systematic approach examining heroes found in recent children's fantasy novels. If there are evolved differences, the female heroes created by men are expected to be more physically powerful and exhibit more displays of physical power than those created by women. In addition, the primary goal of the two types should also differ, with female-generated heroes displaying more concern for family members. Analyzing these characters using evolutionary psychology is compared to previous approaches. If the evolutionary approach proves to be valid, this new method of hero comparisons should be of interest to those studying gender issues and role models for girls.
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Rosel, Natalie. "Clarification and Application of Erik Erikson's Eighth Stage of Man." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 27, no. 1 (July 1988): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vcuy-yukj-wxd5-c1h1.
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Erik Erikson used the film character of Dr. Borg from Wild Strawberries to flesh out his life cycle conception of ego integrity versus despair in old age. The present application of Erikson is to three women: Augusta Turnley (fiction), Florida Scott-Maxwell, and Arie Carpenter-three distinctly different lifestyles and educational backgrounds. Both the dialectical struggle contained in Erikson's model of old age and the specific concepts of ego integrity, despair and wisdom are made concrete in this theoretical exploration.
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Aulia, Fara, and Rr Sulistyawati. "ANALISIS NOVEL 00.00 KARYA AMEYLIA FALENSIA DITINJAU DARI SEGI KONFLIK BATIN TOKOH LENGKARA TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA." JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION 4, no. 3 (September 9, 2023): 1342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/jige.v4i3.1072.
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Inner conflict arises in everyone, especially when someone faces or chooses between two choices or several possibilities that are generally experienced by the main character in fictional (fictional) stories that are closely related to one's psychology. This article aims to describe and explain aspects of the inner turmoil that the character of Lengkara receives from the people around him in the novel 00.00 by Ameylia Falensia, using the literary psychology approach of Sigmund Freud. This theory explains human development and personality. Sigmund Freud divides aspects of personality structure into three parts, namely: Id, Ego and Superego. This study uses descriptive qualitative research approaches and methods through analysis of the contents of the novel using a literary psychology approach, especially in terms of inner conflict. Data analysis was carried out by covering three components namely; (1) Data reduction; (2) Data Presentation; and (3) Conclusion Drawing. This research can certainly inspire us as readers in responding to this life, even though people are mean to us as much as possible we still have to live and fight for justice for himself, why was he hated so badly by his parents, even the people around him who gradually started to hate him. This novel also contains many implied and explicit messages. Some of them, the importance of the role of the father figure in the life of his daughter and in establishing a relationship should be mutually open so that there are no misunderstandings.
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Akhtar, Shazia, Lucy V. Justice, Catriona M. Morrison, and Martin A. Conway. "Fictional First Memories." Psychological Science 29, no. 10 (July 17, 2018): 1612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618778831.
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In a large-scale survey, 6,313 respondents provided descriptions of their first memory and their age when they encoded that memory, and they completed various memory judgments and ratings. In good agreement with many other studies, where mean age at encoding of earliest memories is usually found to fall somewhere in the first half of the 4th year of life, the mean age at encoding here was 3.15 years. The established view is that the distribution around mean age at encoding is truncated, with very few or no memories dating to the preverbal period, that is, below about 2 years of age. However, we found that 2,479 first memories (nearly 40% of the entire sample) dated to an age at encoding of 2 years and younger, with 887 (14.1%) dating to 1 year and younger. We discuss how such improbable, fictional first memories could have arisen and contrast them with more probable first memories, those with an age at encoding of 3 years and older.
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Zakia Khurshid and Dr. Atta Ur Rehman Meo. "Family Life In Muhammad Hafeez Khan's Novel "Adh Adhore Log": An Analytical Study." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v4i4.146.
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Muhammad Hafeez Khan occupies a prominent position in Urdu literature of the 21st century. He is a novelist, fiction writer, playwright, columnist, researcher, critic and poet at the same time. About thirty of his books have been published, including four novels; Adh Adhore Log, Kirknath, Mantara and Anwasi have been published. He has effectively portrayed the social and family life of the elite in the present era where the psychology of women and the tension of their family life can be clearly seen. Family life basically means married life of husband and wife. Family life constitutes a family, which is the basis of the social system. This small organization formed by husband and wife and children is the biggest link in the cultural life of man. This article discusses the family life in Mohammad Hafeez Khan's novel "Adh Adhore Log".
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Zhao, Yongping, Yufang Zhao, and Jinfu Zhang. "Transmitting Stereotype-relevant Information In Conversation: Evidence from Chinese Undergraduates." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 7 (August 18, 2016): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1069.
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In the field of communication, previous researchers who employed the serial reproduction method have mainly used written communication and fictional story assessment techniques. To extend the literature, we conducted 2 studies to explore the communication of stereotyperelevant information using the face-to-face oral serial reproduction method. A research report containing stereotypical information about Tchambuli men (Study 1, N = 40), and a fictional story containing stereotypical information about a football player (Study 2, N = 40), were transmitted through 10 separate chains involving 4 people each. Results in both studies showed that people transmitted more stereotype-consistent than stereotype-inconsistent information, regardless of whether they were retelling a research report or a fictional story. Thus, face-to-face oral serial communication contributes to the maintenance of shared stereotypes.
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Ali, Baida Abbas. "THE PANORAMIC SOCIAL NOVEL IN MODERN HEBREW LITERATURE READING IN SAMI MICHAEL'S FICTION." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 04, no. 01 (February 1, 2022): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.12.19.
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Sami Mikhail's novel productions have recently received considerable attention from critics, scholars and researchers around the world. Perhaps this is due to the fact that his literary products serve as an artistic tool for awareness of the fate of the Jewish immigrant or citizen and his psychology and behaviors, and the daily reality lived and lived by the Iraqi or Israeli society, and the issues and transformations that occur in the life of the Israeli, as well as thanks to its artistic formulation and its substantive objectives. Many analysts saw Sami Michael's novels as a reflection of society and its current reality. Sami Michael was distinguished by his choice of the panoramic novel model because it is a mirror of the Israeli society with all its satisfactory and illuminated details, which may be difficult to engage in other literary genres, especially in monitoring social transformations, cultural changes, environmental and living developments and their repercussions in the lives of Israeli immigrants in the past century and the present century. Thinking and behaviors in society, as well as a clear expression of the traditions and values of Israeli society, addressing issues of concern to man, and the accounts of Sami Michael the Israeli-Jewish-Iraqi individual, And his concerns and issues and conflicts intellectual, psychological, cultural and emotional, and presented many solutions to the problems related to his existence and psychological and social conflicts, according to the vision of the author.
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Santoso, Gaby Kumala Dewi, Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, and Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setianingsih. "Psychological Analysis of Emily Grierson in Short Story A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner." Pustaka : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Budaya 21, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pjiib.2021.v21.i02.p08.
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Literature is something that always accompanied our life, they may be fiction or non-fiction. However, both have the same intrinsic and extrinsic elements. One of the intrinsic elements is character. The characters in a story are an intriguing thing, each characters have different personality. The personality created by internal and external factors that influence the psychological condition of the character. This study entitled Psychological Analysis of Emily Grierson in Short Story A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, mainly discuss about Emily psychological condition. Specifically, on her living environment’s influence on her psychology also her psychological reason in killing and keeping her lover and/or husband.
This study used a descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the collected data. The theory used is theories of personality from Feist & Feist (2008), specifically Karen Horney’s psychoanalytic social theory. There is also historical background theory used to determines the living environment’s influence.
The result of this study is Emily living environment greatly influence her psychological condition, especially due to her identity as a fallen aristocratic lady and her family’s lack of man to protect her. As for her reason for killing and keeping her lover and/or husband, it is because of her fear being alone and needing other people in her live that she approaches him and end in her feeling that he is hers. Thus, him leaving her, end in the tragedy of him losing his life and being keep as a means to satisfy her possessive desire.
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Sekey, Zhanbota. ""THE TEARS THAT FLOWED, THINKING ABOUT ALAS..." (BASED ON D. ASHIMKHANULY'S STORY "CRAZY WIND")." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2023-1.20.
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The article deals with the story "Crazy wind" by Didakhmet Ashimkhanuly, who crossed the sacred threshold of literature in the seventies and eighties and managed to find his place in a short time. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the writer's skill, reveal the fruit of the writer's creative imagination, the novelty of the artistic tool in revealing the psychology of the character's personality. In addition, the personality of the protagonist, the cognitive and artistic place of the fictional story combined with the legend is proved. We tried to study the possibility of helping to reveal the educational value of the work with specific examples. The work concludes the description of the character's personality in connection with nature, the search for the inner world of man, the contradictory feelings in man, the unity of the plot to describe the fate of the country, the glorification of human qualities. Analyzing the success of the writer's work in the years of independence, focusing on his short stories, stories, journalistic essays, works in the genres of literary criticism, we see that his works are associated with the complex issues of modern society, such as social change, national values, national destiny. The research deals with the issues of national goals, mother tongue, spiritual immorality in the works of the author. It is emphasized that the writer connects his creative skills with the emergence of new technologies (children talk not with their parents, but with the mirror, no one understands what they are talking about, that is, talking with the internet), which contributes to the development of fiction. Focusing freely on the issues of the inability to preserve the national mentality (a bull on a calf, girls on a boy, a naked knife, a demonic dance, a frantic state), social situation (tribal life, the fate of the nation, etc.), the writer tries to show the aspirations of the spiritually degenerate tribes for material wealth, trying to reveal the peculiarities of the mentality and national identity of each tribe, turning to small episodes that form the basis of everyday life of Obyr, Zhebir, Orman tribes. The details are interesting and different, thus enriching the ideological and artistic content of the story.
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Raza, Sabahat, and Naila Usman Siddiqui. "Writings Of Ismat Chughtai: A Document Analysis Through Symbolic Interaction Paradigm." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 12, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v12i1.205.
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Ismat Chughtai is undoubtedly one of the biggest names in Urdu Literature. The following research paper intends to analyse the appearance of social issues such as informal social control over women in a patriarchal structure, portrayal of a female body in the advertisement, relationship pattern of men and women, notions of women as inferior being of society, in the selected writings of Ismat Chughtai, in relation to symbolic-interaction paradigm. The core idea of Symbolic-interaction is that social realities are based on the social experiences, cognition and perception of an individual. The social understanding of an individual varies from situation to situation and depends on his/her experiences. Ismat Chughtai experienced society in her own way, which is portrayed in her fictional works, “Dil Ki Dunya”, a novel, “Khareed Lo”, “Paisha”, “Baykaar” and “Tera Haath”, the short stories and a non-fictional essay, “Aurat” which are chosen for the analysis of above-mentioned social issues in relation with the theory. It is concluded that Ismat’s writings are valuable, meaning full and relevant in as well in Sociology as in Psychology or Philosophy, in relation to Symbolic Interaction. Documents for analysis were chosen through Purposive sampling, the nature of research is inductive.
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Mousavi, S. Hamzeh. "Terms of address and fictive kinship politeness in Lori." Journal of Politeness Research 16, no. 2 (July 26, 2020): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2017-0032.
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AbstractThis paper attempts to show different terms of address in Lori and how the non-existence of deferential ʃomɑ (V) compared to Persian leads to some misunderstandings. Deferential V substitutes with other terms of address such as fictive kinship terms, formal titles, religious terms, address inversion and indirect address. For this purpose, the data were collected via two methods: (i) interviews (18 informants); (ii) direct observations (27 different contexts). The results obtained from direct observations were collected to check the reliability of interviews. The results demonstrate that politeness is not always a matter of ‘non-solidarity’ and ‘power’, but sometimes solidarity plays an essential role in making terms of address politer. Furthermore, social factors such as gender, age and social roles are crucial in determining appropriate terms of address. Lastly, men and women used fictive kinship terms differently. While women addressed their older cousins and affinal relatives by means of fictive kinship terms, men used them for addressing total strangers. This behaviour means that women tend to make a distance from the addressee whereas men try to create solidarity.
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Barry, Herbert. "Inference of Personality Projected onto Fictional Characters Having an Author's First Name." Psychological Reports 89, no. 3 (December 2001): 705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.705.
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Jane Austen projected some of her personality characteristics onto her fictional namesakes Jane Bennet in the novel Pride and Prejudice and Jane Fairfax in the novel Emma. Wishful fantasy seems satisfied by two attributes of both Janes. They are very beautiful, and they marry rich men they love. A feeling of inferiority was expressed by two attributes of both Janes, depicted as deficient in social communication and subordinate to the heroine of the novel.
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Rohlman, James E. "Attributions of Cause for Vehicular Accidents: Effects of Participants' Sex, Information Level, and Instructions to Identify with the Actor." Psychological Reports 88, no. 1 (February 2001): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.1.3.
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Attributions of cause for vehicular accidents were studied by means of a questionnaire presenting fictional accident vignettes involving a main character (the actor). The randomly assigned questionnaires presented either Instructions for Identification with the actor or for Nonidentification. Each questionnaire randomly presented six vignettes, two vignettes randomly drawn from each of three Information Levels (Low, Medium, and High). Participants were undergraduates, 24 men and 26 women, who gave the cause of each accident in writing and rated that cause on three dimensions using 7-point scales for Internality–Externality, Stability, and Globality. Identification Instructions were associated with more External ratings than were Nonidentification Instructions. The High Information Level was associated with more Internal and higher Globality ratings than the lower Levels. In interactions for participants' sex, women under Identification Instructions gave more External ratings and lower Stability ratings than women given Nonidentification Instructions or men in the Identification condition.
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Marai, Leo. "Particulars of His Life: An Obituary for B. F. Skinner." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 3 (1990): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001693.
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Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born on the 20th March 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania; he died on the 18th August 1990 at Auburn Hospital, Cambridge Massachussetts.The man whose name is synonymous with behaviourism became interested in the subject through the works of the American behavioural psychologist John B. Watson and the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. But after graduating from Hamilton College in 1926, his first interest was not psychology. He first tried his hand at fiction and poetry before eventually concluding that his talents lay elsewhere.Skinner earned his doctorate from Harvard University in 1931 and remained at that university as a researcher until 1936, investigating the adaptive behaviour of organisms to environmental stimuli. In 1937 he joined the University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor; it was in Minnesota that he wrote his first major work, The Behavior of Organisms (1938), in which he presented the principles of operant conditioning. In 1945 he was appointed Professor at Indiana University; there he wrote Walden Two (1948), a utopian treatment of how society might be based on learning principles--simultaneously fulfilling his earlier ambitions in the field of literature. In 1948 Skinner returned to Harvard, where he remained until his death--some 16 years past his “retirement” in 1974.
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Beenish Fatima. "The Symbolic Significance Of The Characters In ‘‘Dakiya Aur Jolaaha’’." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v2i1.13.
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The novel emerges as a representative genre of modernity that combines reality and imagination to present human life in art. The main role of the author is to create art through the interplay of plots, scenes and characterization of all aspects of society. In fiction, layering and embellishment are considered proof of artistic maturity and perfection. The texture of the narrative, the perfection of the metaphors and formation of characters are the three main elements of the story. Distinction, meticulousness and insight are essential in characterization. The psychology of the characters in the novel is that scale. In this way the author determines the stages of communications through the respondent’s expression. Mustansir Hussain Tarar’s masterpiece ‘‘Dakiya Aur Jolaaha’’ is a symbolic philosophical novel in which the realities of survival and annihilation have been resolved through the symbolic characters of the post man, weaver, Rodin and Natalia. In Tarar’s creations , female characters are always stronger and more vivid than male characters. In this novel the author has exposed art, love, rebel and spirituality as well as various aspects of outdated traditions with the help of Natalia’s character. In fact ‘‘Dakiya aur Jolaaha’’ is the sequel to‘‘Qurbat.e. Marg meinMuhabbat’’ , but its style is very different which makes it unique
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Vormittag, Isabella, Tuulia M. Ortner, and Tobias Koch. "How Test Takers See Test Examiners." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31, no. 4 (October 2015): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000232.
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Abstract. We addressed potential test takers’ preferences for women or men as examiners as well as how examiners were perceived depending on their gender. We employed an online design with 375 students who provided preferences for and ratings of examiners based on short video clips. The clips showed four out of 15 psychologists who differed in age (young vs. middle-aged) and gender giving an introduction to a fictional intelligence test session. Employing multivariate multilevel analyses we found female examiners to be perceived as more social competent and middle-aged examiners being perceived as more competent. Data analyses revealed a significant preference for choosing women as examiners. Results were discussed with reference to test performance and fairness.
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Satchwell, Candice, and Gail Davidge. "The mismeasure of a young man: an alternative reading of autism through a co-constructed fictional story." Qualitative Research in Psychology 15, no. 2-3 (February 9, 2018): 336–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2018.1430208.
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Barbu, Maria. "Babel, a Neverending Story? Language and Fantasy Identities." Caietele Echinox 41 (December 1, 2021): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/cechinox.2021.41.20.
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"The end of the 19th century brought a major change in regards to humanity’s relationship with divinity and with the idea of creation. According to Friedrich Nietzsche, ‘God is dead’, so no one holds the supreme authority upon the creation act anymore. As a result, man himself began to create fictional worlds through logos, in order to fill the void left by the disappearance of divinity. Among the many methods that explain the generative process of these worlds there is the archetypal one from the Jungian psychology, the relational one from reader-response theories and the ‘chaotic’, theoretically objective one, based on hazard theories. Starting from here, this essay will try to analyze comparatively Michael Ende’s novel, The Neverending Story, and Jorge Luis Borges’ short story, The Library of Babel, with the purpose of exploring the contrast that is prefigured – at a structural, interpretive and text-reader relationship level – between the unconscious and the mechanical patterns of creating new worlds."
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Persson, Sofia, and Thomas J. Hostler. "When Men Who Dislike Feminists Feel Proud: Can Self-Affirmation and Perspective-Taking Increase Men’s Empathy Toward Feminists?" Psychology of Women Quarterly 45, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03616843211017472.
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Abuse against women’s rights activists is a serious concern, but there is a lack of research into strategies on how to reduce this. Past research has identified self-affirmation (i.e., thinking about one’s valued traits) and perspective-taking as promising strategies to reduce minority target backlash. Through one pilot study ( n = 98), and one two-part experimental study ( n = 202), we tested the effect of perspective-taking and self-affirmation on empathy toward feminism among men. Fictional Facebook profiles were manipulated to encourage perspective-taking, perspective-taking with self-affirmation, or were neutral in content. Participants then rated feelings toward individual feminists as well as feelings (in the context of perspective-taking emotions) toward abuse faced by feminists more generally. Results indicated that perspective-taking combined with self-affirmation promoted empathetic feelings (as represented by perspective-taking emotions) toward feminists experiencing abuse. The impact on empathy was particularly strong among men with high initial prejudice toward feminists. These results suggest that self-affirmation could potentially reduce online abuse of feminists through an increase in empathetic feelings. This research has broader implications for male engagement within feminism, and we recommend that educators and male allies of feminism promote positive, affirming roles for men (e.g., as fathers), as this may encourage empathy toward feminist issues. Policy makers could consider this strategy in the context of promoting policies such as shared parental leave. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843211017472
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Fietzer, Alexander W., Joseph G. Ponterotto, Margo A. Jackson, and Jane Bolgatz. "Cultural Adjustment and Social Justice Behaviour: The Role of Individual Differences in Multicultural Personality." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 6 (November 2016): 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2081.
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The present study examined altruistic behaviour using broad personality traits (the Big Five) and the narrow personality trait of cultural adjustment (multicultural personality) while controlling for social justice attitudes and other demographic variables. Using an analogue version of a modified dictator game, 153 participants were required to divide a variable amount of money between themselves and a hypothetical recipient who was treated unfairly in a prior dictator game (based on results from a separate sample). We varied the race (Black and White) and gender (male and female) of the fictional recipient to present the individual as either advantaged or disadvantaged in society. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions with the recipient presented as (i) a White man, (ii) a White woman, or (iii) a Black man. A separate sample of 71 participants rated recipients as treated unfairly and as representing a marginalized group. Results showed that subscales of the Multicultural Personality Inventory predicted giving behaviour above and beyond the variance accounted for by broad personality traits and attitudes towards social justice. The discussion focuses on implications for research in social justice based on cultural adaptation and personality. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
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R, Bhuvaneswari, Cynthiya Rose J S, and Maria Baptist S. "Editorial: Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future." Studies in Media and Communication 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i2.5932.
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IntroductionIndian Literature with its multiplicity of languages and the plurality of cultures dates back to 3000 years ago, comprising Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas and Epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata. India has a strong literary tradition in various Indian regional languages like Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and so on. Indian writers share oral tradition, indigenous experiences and reflect on the history, culture and society in regional languages as well as in English. The first Indian novel in English is Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Rajmohan’s Wife (1864). Indian Writing in English can be viewed in three phases - Imitative, First and Second poets’ phases. The 20th century marks the matrix of indigenous novels. The novels such as Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable (1935), Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupé (2001), and Khuswant Singh’s Memories of Madness: Stories of 1947 (2002) depict social issues, vices and crises (discrimination, injustice, violence against women) in India. Indian writers, and their contribution to world literature, are popular in India and abroad.Researchers are keen on analysing the works of Indian writers from historical, cultural, social perspectives and on literary theories (Post-Colonialism, Postmodernity, Cultural Studies). The enormity of the cultural diversity in India is reflected in Indian novels, plays, dramas, short stories and poems. This collection of articles attempts to capture the diversity of the Indian land/culture/landscape. It focuses on the history of India, partition, women’s voices, culture and society, and science and technology in Indian narratives, documentaries and movies.Special Issue: An Overview“Whatever has happened, has happened for goodWhatever is happening, is also for goodWhatever will happen, shall also be good.”- The Bhagavad-Gita.In the Mahabharata’s Kurukshetra battlefield, Lord Krishna counsels Arjuna on how everything that happens, regardless of whether it is good or bad, happens for a reason.Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future portrays the glorious/not-so-glorious times in history, the ever-changing crisis/peace of contemporary and hope for an unpredictable future through India’s literary and visual narratives. It focuses on comparison across cultures, technological advancements and diverse perspectives or approaches through the work of art produced in/on India. It projects India’s flora, fauna, historical monuments and rich cultural heritage. It illustrates how certain beliefs and practices come into existence – origin, evolution and present structure from a historical perspective. Indian Literature: Past, Present and Future gives a moment to recall, rectify and raise to make a promising future. This collection attempts to interpret various literary and visual narratives which are relevant at present.The Epics Reinterpreted: Highlighting Feminist Issues While Sustaining Deep Motif, examines the Women characters in the Epics – Ramayana and Mahabharata. It links the present setting to the violence against women described in the Epics Carl Jung’s archetypes are highlighted in a few chosen characters (Sita, Amba, Draupati). On one note, it emphasises the need for women to rise and fight for their rights.Fictive Testimony and Genre Tension: A Study of ‘Functionality’ of Genre in Manto’s Toba Tek Singh, analyses the story as a testimony and Manto as a witness. It discusses the ‘Testimony and Fictive Testimony’ in Literature. It explains how the works are segregated into a particular genre. The authors conclude that the testimony is to be used to understand or identify with the terror.Tangible Heritage and Intangible Memory: (Coping) Precarity in the select Partition writings by Muslim Women, explores the predicament of women during the Partition of India through Mumtaz Shah Nawaz’s The Heart Divided (1990) and Attia Hosain’s Sunlight on a Broken Column (2009). It addresses ‘Feminist Geography’ to escape precarity. It depicts a woman who is cut off from her own ethnic or religious group and tries to conjure up her memories as a means of coping with loneliness and insecurity.Nation Building Media Narratives and its Anti-Ecological Roots: An Eco-Aesthetic Analysis of Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, analyses the post-Partition trauma in the fictional village, Mano Majra. It illustrates the cultural and spiritual bond between Mano Majrans — the inhabitants of Mano Majra — and nature (the land and river). It demonstrates how the media constructs broad myths about culture, religion, and nation. According to the authors, Mano Majrans place a high value on the environment, whilst the other boundaries are more concerned with nationalism and religion.Pain and Hopelessness among Indian Farmers: An Analysis of Deepa Bhatia’s Nero’s Guests documents the farmers’ suicides in India as a result of debt and decreased crop yield. The travels of Sainath and his encounters with the relatives of missing farmers have been chronicled in the documentary Nero’s Guests. It uses the Three Step Theory developed by David Klonsky and Alexis May and discusses suicide as a significant social issue. The authors conclude that farmers are the foundation of the Indian economy and that without them, India’s economy would collapse. It is therefore everyone’s responsibility—the people and the government—to give farmers hope so that they can overcome suicidal thoughts.The link between animals and children in various cultures is discussed in The New Sociology of Childhood: Animal Representations in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Garden in the Dunes, Amazon’s Oh My Dog, and Netflix’s Mughizh: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. It examines the chosen works from the perspectives of cross-cultural psychology and the New Sociology of Childhood. It emphasises kids as self-sufficient, engaged, and future members of society. It emphasises universal traits that apply to all people, regardless of culture. It acknowledges anthropomorphized cartoons create a bond between kids and animals.Life in Hiding: Censorship Challenges faced by Salman Rushdie and Perumal Murugan, explores the issues sparked by their writings. It draws attention to the aggression and concerns that were forced on them by the particular sect of society. It explains the writers’ experiences with the fatwa, court case, exile, and trauma.Female Body as the ‘Other’: Rituals and Biotechnical Approach using Perumal Murugan’s One Part Woman and Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women, questions the society that limits female bodies for procreation and objectification. It talks about how men and women are regarded differently, as well as the cultural ideals that apply to women. It explains infertility, which is attributed to women, as well as people’s ignorance and refusal to seek medical help in favour of adhering to traditional customs and engaging in numerous rituals for procreation.Life and (non) Living: Technological and Human Conglomeration in Android Kunjappan Version 5.25, explores how cyborgs and people will inevitably interact in the Malayalam film Android Kunjappan Version 5.25. It demonstrates the advantages, adaptability, and drawbacks of cyborgs in daily life. It emphasises how the cyborg absorbs cultural and religious notions. The authors argue that cyborgs are an inevitable development in the world and that until the flaws are fixed, humans must approach cyborgs with caution. The Challenges of Using Machine Translation While Translating Polysemous Words, discusses the difficulty of using machine translation to translate polysemous words from French to English (Google Translate). It serves as an example of how the machine chooses the formal or often-used meaning rather than the pragmatic meaning and applies it in every situation. It demonstrates how Machine Translation is unable to understand the pragmatic meaning of Polysemous terms because it is ignorant of the cultures of the source and target languages. It implies that Machine Translation will become extremely beneficial and user-friendly if the flaws are fixed.This collection of articles progresses through the literary and visual narratives of India that range from historical events to contemporary situations. It aims to record the stories that are silenced and untold through writing, film, and other forms of art. India’s artistic output was influenced by factors such as independence, partition, the Kashmir crisis, the Northeast Insurgency, marginalisation, religious disputes, environmental awareness, technical breakthroughs, Bollywood, and the Indian film industry. India now reflects a multitude of cultures and customs as a result of these occurrences. As we examine the Indian narratives produced to date, we can draw the conclusion that India has a vast array of tales to share with the rest of the world.Guest Editorial BoardGuest Editor-in-ChiefDr. Bhuvaneswari R, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. She has pursued her master’s at the University of Madras, Chennai and doctoral research at HNB Central University, Srinagar. Her research areas of interest are ELT, Children/Young Adult Literature, Canadian writings, Indian literature, and Contemporary Fiction. She is passionate about environmental humanities. She has authored and co-authored articles in National and International Journals.Guest EditorsCynthiya Rose J S, Assistant Professor (Jr.), School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. Her research interests are Children’s Literature, Indian Literature and Graphic Novels.Maria Baptist S, Assistant Professor (Jr.), School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai. His research interests include Crime/Detective fiction and Indian Literature.MembersDr. Sufina K, School of Science and Humanities, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaDr. Narendiran S, Department of Science and Humanities, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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Dr. V.S. Bindhu, Rincy Philip,. "EXPLORING THE MYTHICAL INNER LIFE OF A BROKEN METROPOLIS: A COMPARISON OF GYAN PRAKASH’S MUMBAI FABLES AND JEET THAYIL’S NARCOPOLIS." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 4476–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1537.
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Jeet Thayil is a versatile figure in Indian Literature whose contributions to world literature includes many poems, novels and music. His song collection include Gemini (1992), Apocalypso (1997), English (2004), These Errors Are Correct (2008). He also edited many books, which includes Divided Time: India and the End of Diaspora, The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets and 60 Indian Poets. He is famous for his first novel Narcopolis, which is set in Mumbai. This work is shortlisted for Man Booker Prize for fiction in 2012.Gyan Prakash is another important figure in modern historic India whose handouts lead India through a focus of wealth and secured life. He is also a professor of history and included as a member of subaltern studies. Prakash’s writings mainly focus on problems of post colonialism. His famous work is Mumbai Fables: A History of an Enchanted City. This paper tries to find out the history of Mumbai Metropolis with the comparison study of Jeet Thayil’s Narcopolis and Gyan Prakash’s Mumbai Fables. Both these works shows the hidden history of Mumbai with its both positive and negative structures.
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Karizs, Krisztina. "“Family secrets.” The Difficulties of Remembering and the Distortion of Memories in a Contemporary Hungarian Novel." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 01 (January 11, 2017): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i01.1068.
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<p>The concept of memory and the process of remembering is an interesting and important topic in numerous theoretical and literary works since ancient Greece. Memory studies connect scholars from different fields such as philosophy, literary theory, cognitive and neuroscience, and psychology, while the uncharted processes of our brain and the often paradoxical characteristics of memories have inspired writers throughout the world. Their work and research resulted in — among others — autobiographies, family novels, or trauma fiction. In my research, I concentrate on the psychological aspects of memory studies and analyse how certain disturbances in the process of remembering and ‘special’ mental states (such as dissociation or post-traumatic stress disorder) form or deform narrative and result in particular narrative strategies. In my current paper, I analyse a contemporary family novel by a famous Hungarian writer, Krisztián Grecsó, Mellettem elférsz (There is space beside me), which was published in 2011. The plot concerns the life of a young man who attempts to imbue his life with meaning, and while doing so, seeking out the lost memories of his ancestors. In my analysis, I propose three core problems: Firstly, I give a brief description of the connection between memories and personal identity and examine if exact knowledge of the past is needed to retain a stable identity. Secondly, I argue if it is possible to retrieve the aforementioned knowledge. And lastly, I analyse the variables that possibly cause the disturbance in remembering and the distortion of the family history as pictured by Grecsó in his novel.</p>
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Willis, Malachi, and Kristen N. Jozkowski. "Sexual Consent Perceptions of a Fictional Vignette: A Latent Growth Curve Model." Archives of Sexual Behavior 51, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02048-y.
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AbstractSexual consent can be conceptualized as a process of accumulating cues that build toward and continue throughout a consensual sexual encounter. How people perceive the cues of others during this process is an important aspect of consent. However, previous research has not investigated the trajectories of people’s consent perceptions throughout such a process. Using a novel staggered vignette protocol, we examined participants’ (N = 1218; 64.4% female) perceptions of fictional targets’ sexual consent at 11 time points. We tested latent growth curve models using multilevel structural equation modeling to examine trajectories in consent perceptions over the course of the vignette. We hypothesized that mean differences and rates of change would be associated with several constructs relevant to sexual consent. We found that initial consent perceptions and trends over the course of the vignette varied by whether the participant was a university student, by an alcohol manipulation in the vignette, by the fictional target’s sex, and by type of sexual behavior. Researchers should examine whether our findings on consent perceptions of a fictional vignette extend to people’s actual sexual encounters, including potential associations between the three primary aspects of sexual consent: perceptions, feelings, and communication.
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Parrott, Kimberly. "The Ruin of “Best-Laid Plans”: Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men and Yates’s Revolutionary Road." Steinbeck Review 20, no. 1 (June 2023): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/steinbeckreview.20.1.0101.
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Abstract In the centuries since the United States became a nation, much has been written about the American Dream, which is often defined by a longing for home, independence, and security. Some works of John Steinbeck, however, encapsulate the antithesis of this national Dream in portraying the denial or collapse of hoped-for success and happiness. His Of Mice and Men (1937), to illustrate, speaks to failed American aspirations that range from the longing for home, independence, and equal rights, to the need for humane treatment of all. Twenty-four years later, Richard Yates also wrote an acclaimed work depicting the anti–American Dream, his novel Revolutionary Road (1961). These two novels share commonalities that may be analyzed in terms of characterization, themes, and their representation of the sources of the Dream’s oppressors. In Steinbeck’s last work, the nonfiction America and Americans (1966), he describes an America that eerily matches the United States that Yates portrays in his fictional Revolutionary Road. In essence, these two significant novels, Of Mice and Men and Revolutionary Road, written twenty-four years apart and each representative of its times, serve as parallels for capturing the antithesis of the American Dream—an antithesis still prevalent in literature and life.