Journal articles on the topic 'Men – Japan – Social conditions'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Men – Japan – Social conditions.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Men – Japan – Social conditions.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Inoue, Machiko, Shoko Matsumoto, Kazue Yamaoka, and Shinsuke Muto. "Risk of Social Isolation Among Great East Japan Earthquake Survivors Living in Tsunami-Affected Ishinomaki, Japan." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 4 (July 21, 2014): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.59.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami affected approximately 53 000 people in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture. Approximately 30 000 people were relocated to temporary/rental housing. The remainder re-inhabited tsunami-affected houses, and their conditions were not known. As social isolation could affect physical and psychological health, we investigated the risk of social isolation among the survivors who returned to their homes.MethodsThe surveyors went door-to-door to the tsunami-affected houses and interviewed each household between October 2011 and March 2012. The participants’ risk of social isolation was assessed using 3 factors: whether they have (1) friends to talk with about their problems, (2) close neighbors, and (3) social/family interactions. We analyzed the groups at risk of social isolation and identified the related factors.ResultsThe elderly (older than age 65 years) were more likely to have close neighbors and social/family interactions, as compared with younger persons. Persons living alone were less likely to have social/family interactions. Non-elderly men who were living alone were the highest proportion of people without social/family interactions.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that men, particularly those younger than age 65 years and living alone, were at high risk of social isolation and may need attention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-8)
2
TAYLOR, PHILIP. "Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries." Ageing and Society 23, no. 1 (January 2003): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02001022.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA. The implications of this finding for policy making towards older workers are discussed.
3
Asahara, Shun-ichiro, Hiroshi Miura, Wataru Ogawa, and Yoshikazu Tamori. "Sex difference in the association of obesity with personal or social background among urban residents in Japan." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0242105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242105.
Full textAbstract:
The development of obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and is associated with a variety of health problems. To gain insight into environmental factors that contribute to obesity, we analyzed the relation of personal or social background to obesity in men and women separately with the use of data from a community-based questionnaire survey of 5425 residents aged 20 to 64 years of Kobe, a representative large city in Japan. Obesity and normal weight were defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 and of ≥ 18.5 and < 25 kg/m2, respectively, according to the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. The personal or social background factors examined included marital status, family structure, employment, household income, residence type, welfare enrollment, economic conditions of current life, educational level, extracurricular activity in school, living conditions at 15 years of age, and childhood adversity. We found that the prevalence of obesity was 27.2% and 10.6% in men and women, respectively. Among women, unmarried status, a low household income, welfare enrollment, difficult current economic conditions, a low educational level, and childhood adversity were associated with obesity, whereas none of the personal or social background factors examined were associated with obesity in men. Our results suggest that the development of obesity in women is strongly influenced by personal or social background, and such factors should be taken into consideration in the management of this condition in women.
4
Klikauer, Thomas. "Book Review: Economic and Social Security and Substandard Working Conditions: Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Contemporary Japan." ILR Review 56, no. 4 (July 2003): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600416.
Full text
5
KUROSU, SATOMI. "Remarriage in a stem family system in early modern Japan." Continuity and Change 22, no. 3 (December 2007): 429–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600700642x.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTDrawing data from the local population registers in two northeastern Japanese agricultural villages in the period 1716–1870, this study examines the patterns and covariates of remarriage in a rural community with strong adherence to a stem family organization. Event history analysis is applied separately for males and females, and for two types of previous marriage (uxorilocal and virilocal). Controlling for demographic and economic factors, coresiding parents and children had differential impacts on remarriage for these subgroups. Men and women were tightly bound to the fates of their natal and marital households within the larger context of local economic conditions.
6
Soejima, Kumi, and Katia Frangoudes. "Fisheries women groups in Japan: a shift from well-being to entrepreneurship." Maritime Studies 18, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-019-00160-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWomen’s groups in rural fishery areas were established in the mid-1950s. By 1959, they became integrated in local Fishery Cooperative Associations as parallel organizations. These Fisheries Cooperative Associations, established in 1948, represent all fishers in Japan, who are primarily men. The purpose of the women’s groups was to provide well-being by improving the living conditions of families and communities. While men were busy building the production facilities and the cooperatives, women organized themselves to protect and improve the everyday life of families. From 1995 and the World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, some of these women groups ran economic entrepreneurial activities with the financial support of the State through the cooperatives. This new role of women’s groups aims to improve the economic and social development and environment of families and communities facing depopulation problems who need to increase the number of young people. This paper examines the role of cooperative associations in rural, fishery communities and shows how these associations “handed over” the social responsibilities to the women groups who then developed their social skills and competences. Special emphasis is put on how the women groups changed their activity from social issues to environmental protection, promotion of fishery products, and to entrepreneurial activities. The paper also problematizes the difficulties the women met in order to get their contribution to the fisheries communities and industry recognized, as well as their status.
7
Kim, Seong Yi, Myoung-Hee Kim, Ichiro Kawachi, and Youngtae Cho. "Comparative Epidemiology of Suicide in South Korea and Japan: Effects of Age, Gender and Suicide Methods." Crisis 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000046.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality in both South Korea and Japan. Aims: The study aims to compare the descriptive epidemiology of suicide over the last two decades (1985–2006) and to explore the conditions associated with the different distribution of suicides in both countries. Methods: Age-standardized suicide rates were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2009. Age-specific suicide rates for the age groups were calculated from the WHO Mortality Database. Suicide methods were identified based on ICD-10. Results: Through 1980–2000, Japan showed consistently higher suicide rates compared to Korea. However, from the mid-1990s, Korea showed an acute increase of suicides and finally surpassed Japan; the age-standardized suicide rate of Korea increased from 10.2 (per 100,000) in 1985 to 21.5 in 2006, while it slightly increased from 18.4 to 19.1 in Japan. The highest age-specific suicide rate was observed among Japanese men aged 45–64 years and Korean men aged over 64 years. The increase of elderly suicides among Korean women was notable. The gender ratio increased in Japan and decreased in Korea, respectively. The preferred suicide methods were hanging and pesticide poisoning in Korea and hanging in Japan. Because of the limited number of observations, hypothesis testing of specific risk factors was not possible. Conclusions: Age and gender distribution of suicide rates differed considerably between the two countries. Welfare protection throughout the life course in both countries, and pesticide regulation in Korea would be helpful in reducing the burden of suicide mortality in both countries, even if the social values could not be changed in a short time.
8
Miyaguni, Yasuhiro, Takahiro Tabuchi, Jun Aida, Masashige Saito, Taishi Tsuji, Yuri Sasaki, and Katsunori Kondo. "Community social support and onset of dementia in older Japanese individuals: a multilevel analysis using the JAGES cohort data." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e044631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044631.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveRecently, there has been an increase in the number of people with dementia. However, no study has examined the association between community-level social support and the onset of incident dementia using multilevel survival analysis.DesignA prospective cohort study.Participants and settingWe analysed data pertaining to 15 313 (7381 men and 7932 women) community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who had not accessed long-term care insurance and were living in Aichi Prefecture (seven municipalities) in Japan.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe association between community-level social support and onset of incident dementia was examined using the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a prospective cohort study introduced in Japan in 2003. Incident dementia was assessed using Long-term Care Insurance records spanning 3436 days from the baseline survey.ResultsDuring the 10-year follow-up, the onset of incident dementia occurred in 1776 adults. Among older people, a 1% increase in community-level social support (in the form of receiving emotional support) was associated with an approximately 4% reduction in the risk of developing dementia, regardless of socio-demographic variables and health conditions (HR=0.96; 95% CI=0.94 to 0.99).ConclusionsReceiving community-level social support in the form of emotional support is associated with a lower risk of developing incident dementia.
9
Radivojevic, Biljana. "Decrease of old age population mortality in Yugoslavia: Chance to increase anticipated life expectancy." Stanovnistvo 40, no. 1-4 (2002): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0201035r.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzes the level and structure of old age population mortality in Yugoslavia with an aim to determine the intensity of realized changes and to provide an answer to how much they are significant and to approach the positive trends noted in developed countries in the latest period. Although it was insufficiently represented in the demographic analysis, the analysis of mortality in old people is gaining importance in the world. Apart from the reasons which result from the increase in the number of old people and thus their greater participation in the total number of deceased, enviable results have been achieved in decreasing old age mortality, which are more and more in focus of interest. While earlier research reported on the dominant influence of the decrease of younger age mortality to the increase of the expectation of life at birth, recent analysis precisely confirm the importance of decreasing mortality in old people. In mortality conditions from 1997/98, an additional 13.4 years of life in average is expected for men in Yugoslavia, and 15.2 for women. During more than five decades, the anticipated life expectancy for people over the age of 65 increased for only 1.2 years for men and 1.9 years for women. Out of that, the greatest increase was realized in the period 1950/51 - 1960/61 in both sexes. A small decrease in the average life expectancy was marked with men in the period 1960/61 - 1970/71, and with women in the latest period. Otherwise, all up to the eighties, the annual rate of increase was considerably lower than the rate of increase for zero year. It was only in the period 1980/81-1990/91 that faster growth had an anticipated life expectancy for the 65 years old. However, during the nineties unfavorable changes continued with the older, especially, female population. When comparing the values of the average life expectancy for people over 65 in Yugoslavia with corresponding values in developed countries, the lagging in average amounted to about 3 years for the male and about 5 years for the female population. In Japan in 1998 it amounted to 17.1 years, namely 22.0 years respectively. However, it is interesting that all up to the seventies these indexes were almost at the same level in our country and Japan, and only after this period the differences appeared as a consequence of putting an end to the positive tendencies in differential mortality by age, even in the increase rate with the older population in Yugoslavia. On the other hand, the anticipated life expectancy for the age of 65 (for both sexes) was increased by 40%, in Japan from 1970 to 1998, in contrast to an increase of 9% for 0 age. In the same period in Yugoslavia, although there was a considerably lower increase percentage, it was still more significant with newborns (above 6% for both sexes), than with population older than 65 (under 5%). Hence, such an inclination and intensity of changes resulted, in relation to Japan, in a relatively greater lagging with people aged 65 than with 0 age. The anticipated life expectancy for people aged 85 and over, in the whole observed period, increased only by 8% with the male population and 10% with the female population of Yugoslavia. Its present level is the result of small changes in the mortality rates of the oldest population. In average, people aged 85 + will live another 4.2, namely 4.4 years respectively under the assumed mortality from 1997/98. At the same time the Japanese men are expected to live another 5.4, and Japanese women another 7.2 years. Therefore, middle aged and old population in Yugoslavia has had unfavorable mortality tendencies in relation to the young population, more distinct beginning from the seventies, and especially with men. The nineties were again unfavorable for the old population, this time especially for the female population, where a slight decrease of this rate was marked. Having in mind the changes and achieved level of anticipated life expectancy in developed countries, it can be said that the deviations in relation to the rates in our country are significant, relatively greater with the older population. For this reason, mortality reduction of the old age population is a chance for an increase in the life span, although all possibilities in our country, for the decrease of mortality with the young as well, especially newborns, have not been exploited. In that sense, it seems that the greatest importance would be control of cardiovascular illnesses and risk factors regarding individual behavior.
10
KAGEKI, Tatsuya. "Men from Manchuria and Women in Japan after the Asia-Pacific War：The Meaning of “Meaninglessness” in Abe Kobo’s Two “The Wall” Novels." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2021.13.1.123.
Full textAbstract:
It is widely known that in his two novels, “At the Guidepost at the End of the Road” (1948) and “The Wall – The Crime of S. Karma” (1951), Abe Kobo depicted the main characters’ anguish after the Japanese defeat in the Asia-Pacific war as the result of “meaninglessness”. He came to this perspective on the basis of struggling with this feeling in his own life. This article analyzes the female Japanese characters, who form a contrast with the main male Japanese characters, in order to explore the question of why this sense of meaninglessness came about. In these novels, Japanese female characters are represented as those who cure the distress men feel because of the latter’s awareness of their responsibility for the aggressive war that took place, and because of their hedonic enjoyment of the liberated society after the war, which these male characters experience as “meaningful” as it allows them to not reflect on the war. The contrasting women characters reflect the social conditions at the time the story was written. Japanese women were not accused of war crimes, nor were they responsible for the subordinate female gender roles which persisted before the war. As a result, the female characters are free of the sense of meaninglessness, and they form a contrast with Japanese male characters who feel anguish at their awareness of their responsibility for the war, and their resultant sense of meaninglessness.
11
Inagaki, Hiroki, and Shuichi Awata. "Does the Home-Visit Communicating Service by Postal Workers Improve the Mental Health of Older Persons Living Alone?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.976.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In Japan, the number of older households living alone or married couples is increasing as society ages. For such households, Japan Post offers “Mimamori Home-visit service” a fee-based service where postal workers visit once a month to check their living and health conditions. We examined whether the use of this service improves the mental health of users. There were 10,592 service users as February 2019. The survey targeted 524 people (356 women) who started using the system in January or February (wave1) and continued using until August 2019 (wave2). The mean age was 79.5 years. Visiting postal workers conducted tablet-based interviews to assess social support networks (LSNS-6) and mental health (WHO-5). Information on gender, age, and family form (living alone or not) was provided by Japan Post. The WHO-5 average score was 16.4 for wave1 and 16.3 for wave2. Changes in mental health (WHO-5 scores) at 2 time points were compared by ANCOVA using family form (living alone or not) and social isolation (12 points or less/13 or more for LSNS-6) as explanatory variables and gender and age as covariates. The results showed a significant interaction between the 3 factors of time, family form, and social isolation. WHO-5 scores increased (14.2 to 15.3) in the group that lived alone and had 12 or less of LSNS-6. In the other group, the score was no change or lowered. It has been shown that mental health improves with the use of monitoring services in elderly people living alone and in social isolation.
12
Kominato, Yoshihiko, Ichiro Shimada, Nobuhide Hata, Hisao Takizawa, and Takashi Fujikura. "Homicide Patterns in the Toyama Prefecture, Japan." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 4 (October 1997): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700406.
Full textAbstract:
Homicides occurring in the Toyama prefecture, Japan, during the past 10 years were reviewed. Between 1985 and 1994, 56 offenders committed 63 homicides. The mean death rate for homicide was 0.55 per 100,000. The ratio of male to female victims was 1:1, while 82% of the assailants were male and 18% were female. The victim and the assailant had a close family relationship in 58.7% of the cases. Dyadic death (homicide followed by suicide) accounted for 27% of all victims. Twenty-nine per cent of the victims were murdered by mentally unstable offenders, and in almost half (44%) of the cases the offender was convicted. Homicides during robbery were rare (only two cases), and there was only one homicide during sexual assault. Death was caused by blunt instrument injury in 38.1% of cases, asphyxia in 31.7%, stabbing in 17.5%, burns in 9.5% and shooting in 3.2% (only two cases). The majority (80%) of homicides occurred at the residence of the victim(s). None of the victims had a history of drug abuse. Social conditions in Toyama prefecture, and their possible relevance to local homicide patterns, are discussed briefly.
13
Gaenslen, Fritz. "Culture and Decision Making in China, Japan, Russia, and the United States." World Politics 39, no. 1 (October 1986): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010299.
Full textAbstract:
Implicit in most recent social science explanations of human behavior is a conception of man as universal homo economicus. Although such a conception is capable of giving a powerful account of a great deal of human action, its account of the nature and variety of human values is inadequate. Cultural assumptions about the meaning of “self” and “others,” and about relations between human beings, are likely to vary from one society to another. These assumptions affect the collective decision processes of political elites under conditions of complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity. The author first addresses the question of how to construct a compelling cultural explanation, and then offers evidence which suggests that, because Chinese, Japanese, and Russians tend to hold somewhat different conceptions of “self” and “others” than do Americans (the former tending to be more collectivist than the latter), these different conceptions have implications for collective decision making.
14
Shaw, Benjamin, Kevin Cahill, and Michael Giandrea. "Post-Retirement Paid Work and Inequalities at Older Ages." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1602.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Participation in paid work frequently extends beyond pensionable age, with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development observing, in “Pensions at a Glance” (2017, pp. 126–7), that effective retirement ages in high-income countries exceed normal full-pension-eligibility ages by 10 months for men and two months for women. While working after pensionable age is becoming ever more common, not all workers on the cusp of retirement are able to continue in their current position or find a new job. Remarkably, little is known about the implications of unequal access to post-retirement work for social and income inequalities in later life, nor how job quality might change as people work into the years normally set aside for retirement. The four papers in this symposium address the following questions: 1) do bridge employment transitions exacerbate or mitigate income inequality later in life? 2) how does job quality (job satisfaction, physical and psychosocial working conditions) compare before and after pensionable age? 3) which processes lead to changes in working conditions in the late career? and 4) might empirical and theoretical gains be made by considering post-pensionable-age paid work as a specific career stage? The presenters use longitudinal data from the United States (the Health and Retirement Study, HRS), Sweden (Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, SLOSH), and Japan (Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement, JSTAR) complemented by interviews with older workers in Sweden. This symposium will provide insights into the nature and consequences of working after pensionable age in contrasting institutional settings.
15
Kanamori, Takuya, Mizue Suzuki, Tomoyoshi Naito, Keigo Inagaki, and Hiroyuki Umegaki. "Frailty in a Frailty Prevention Program Participants During COVID-19 pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Japanese Study." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2999.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective: Health conditions of older adults have deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have reported on the frailty of this group of people. The study aimed to investigate physical and social frailty in participants in a frailty prevention program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Japan from January 2021. Further, 863 participants of a frailty prevention program completed the survey. The frequency of program attendance in 2020, physical frailty (5-item frailty screening index), social frailty（diagnostic criteria of social frailty in NCGG-SGS), and depression (GDS-5) were assessed. A related factor of physical frailty was analyzed statistically by Welch's t test and the Chi-squared test. Results: The study participants’ mean age, proportion of women, and mean enrollment period in program were 86.8±4.9, 96.3%, 64.3±48.6 months, respectively. The program attendance ratio was 83.4% from January to March, 54.5% from April to June, 79.8% from July to September, and 80.0% from October to December. The prevalence of physical frailty was 20.3% non-frailty, 63.7% pre-frailty, and 15.6% frailty. The prevalence of social frailty was 10.0% non-frailty, 28.6% social pre-frailty, 61.8% social frailty, and the prevalence of depression was 36.8%. Participants with physical frailty were significantly older and showed higher prevalence of social frailty and depression, displaying significantly lower attendance program than non-frailty and pre-frailty older adults (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study results suggest that more than half of the participants of a frailty prevention program have social frailty and a high risk of physical frailty due to COVID-19.
16
Morohashi, Hajime, Kenichi Hakamada, Takahiro Kanno, Kenji Kawashima, Harue Akasaka, Yuma Ebihara, Eiji Oki, Satoshi Hirano, and Masaki Mori. "Social implementation of a remote surgery system in Japan: a field experiment using a newly developed surgical robot via a commercial network." Surgery Today 52, no. 4 (October 20, 2021): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00595-021-02384-5.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose In recent years, the expectations for telesurgery have grown with the development of robot-assisted surgical technology and advances in communication technology. To verify the feasibility of the social implementation of telesurgery, we evaluated the communication integrity, availability, and communication delay of robotic surgery by remote control under different communication conditions of commercial lines. Methods A commercial line was used to connect hospitals 150 km apart. We had prepared guaranteed-type lines (1Gbps, 10Mbps, 5Mbps) and best effort-type lines. Two types of robotic teleoperations were performed, and we evaluated the round-trip time (RTT) of communication, packet loss, and glass-to-glass time. Results The communication delay was 4 ms for the guaranteed-type line and 10 ms for the best effort-type line. Packet loss occurred on the 5 Mbps guaranteed-type line. The mean glass-to-glass time was 92 ms for the guaranteed-type line and 95 ms for the best effort-type line. There was no significant difference in the number of errors in the task according to the type of line or the bandwidth speed. Conclusions The social implementation of telesurgery using the currently available commercial communication network is feasible.
17
Kazarian, Ruben. "The “man-technology-environment” system in the management of transport service of construction industry." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301008.
Full textAbstract:
In all countries, transport is considered as the basis for ensuring economic, social, military, environmental and other types of national security. It is provided more than 200 billion dollars in the US, about 200 billion dollars in Japan, more than 100 billion euros in Germany on the development of transport system. In Russia, for these purposes, is spent 14-15 times less. The purpose of environmental security's transportation ensuring - protection of life and health of people, the environment, cargo and vehicles, the sustainability of transport communications and transport infrastructure in normal conditions, in emergency situations and in wartime. Man, in the process of knowing the surrounding material world, forms “speculative” (ideal) ideas about how this world is arranged and how it functions. The basis of such knowledge is intuitive or conscious modeling. The initial level of visual modeling is the multipoint representation of the object of study, so: any phenomenon, object, process, object, definition, and other elements of the conceptual layer of consciousness are put in correspondence with the “point”. The further procedure of visual modeling involves the identification of all the points involved and the interrelations between them (the “logician”), this procedure will provide insight into infographic models of anthropotechnology management in the conditions of modern economic fundamentals and trends in the development of a market economy for the application of anthropotechnical management infographic models. Certification of manual labor's mechanization and transportation of construction cargo and structures (СMIT) - is one of the important construction service packages.
18
Noguchi, Taiji, Takahiro Hayashi, Yuta Kubo, Naoki Tomiyama, Akira Ochi, and Hiroyuki Hayashi. "Family Caregiving and Depression among Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2960.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract COVID-19 infections are particularly lethal in older adults; thus, social activities of older adults and their families in the community have been restricted. The threat of infection, restrictions on social activities, and limitations on the provision of care services for older adults could increase family caregivers’ burden and impact their mental health. This cross-sectional study examined the association between family caregiving and change in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. In October 2020, we conducted a mailed questionnaire survey on a random sample of functionally independent community-dwelling older adults in a semi-urban area of Japan. Based on the depression status between March and October 2020, participants were classified into four groups: “consistently non-depressed,” “depression onset,” “recovering from depression,” and “remained depressed.” Participants were assessed for providing care for their family members or not. Caregiver participants were also assessed on their caregiving role (primary or secondary), the severity of their care-recipient’s needs, and an increased caregiver burden. Data from 957 older adults were analyzed. The participants’ mean age (SD) was 80.8 (4.8) years, and 53.5% were female. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that family caregiving was associated with depression onset (OR=3.17 [95%CI=1.57-6.40], p=0.001) and remaining depressed (2.53 [1.36-4.71], p=0.004). Particularly, primary caregivers, those providing care for family members with severer care need-levels, and those with an increased caregiver burden had a higher risk of depression onset and remaining depressed. Family caregivers could have severe mental health conditions during the pandemic. Developing a support system is essential to protect their mental health.
19
Ognieva, T. K. "FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY CHINESE, KOREAN AND JAPANESE ART AND CINEMA." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (6) (2020): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2020.1(6).15.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the conditions and factors that influenced the formation of contemporary art and cinema in China, South Korea and Japan. We can determine the peculiarities of the development of Chinese contemporary art, such as the desire of the first artists, after the Cultural Revolution, to reflect its flux and effects as much as possible. Further, artistic tendencies become diverse: the commercial component and a certain element of the state of affairs are viewed in the works of art by Chinese authors, but the desire for self-expression in different ways testify to the progressive phenomena characteristic of art. Modern Korean art proves that the scientific and technological revolution and the dominant avant-garde component of mass culture in general cannot supplant the ultimate traditional artistic creativity. One of the characteristic features of contemporary Korean art is a demonstration of belonging to the culture of the country. First of all, this is the influence of the traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism, along with the painful memories of war and long-term colonization by Japan. One can note the simplicity, orderliness, harmony of colors and shapes as an inalienable feature of Korean contemporary art, but modern tendencies show the striving for the discovery of individuality of the artist, which manifests itself in non-standard artistic forms. Japanese visual art combines the works of autochthonous traditions and European artistic principles. Considerable attention is paid to the issue of the relationship between nature and man, reflected in the work of adherents of the synthesis of Japanese traditions and Western variety of forms. Particular attention is paid to contemporary artists in Japan with the latest technology – video art, 3D painting, interactive installations and installations-hybrids. Chinese cinema with the generation of directors, known as the Fifth Generation, reveals new trends. These artists initially sought to convey events and tragedies during the Cultural Revolution, but over time they turned to other themes and genres. Directors of the "Sixth Generation" paid special attention to social problems, the place of action in their films is unknown China – small settlements or cities. Modern Korean cinema covers two large areas: cinema for women – melodrama, and for men – adventure. Today the adventure genre is oriented mainly to teens, and the melodrama genre has been transformed from the problems of the middle-aged women's interest towards the youth audience, therefore, it is more likely to come closer to the romantic comedy. The tragedy of Korea, which is split up into two parts, worries the movie-makers. In recent years there have been changes in South Korean position in exposing North Korean residents. If the previous decades in South Korean cinema was cultivating the image of the enemy: North Korean could be either a spy or killer, but now the inhabitants of North Korea are perceived and presented in films differently, not embodying exclusively negative features. In Japanese cinema, the emphasis is on the visual array, which allows you to bring forward contemplation and the deep meaning is transmitted by artistic images typical of the oriental art in general. In films, much attention is paid to the smallest details; certain asceticism along with the aesthetization of the frame is a reflection of purely Japanese features – minimalism as the meaning of existence. Familiarity with the peculiarities of the development of contemporary art and cinema in China, Korea and Japan is a necessary component for further dialogue between the cultures of East and West in terms of balanced interaction and artistic transformations of the modern world.
20
Maeda, Noriaki, Yukio Urabe, Yuta Suzuki, Daigo Hirado, Masanori Morikawa, Makoto Komiya, Rami Mizuta, Koichi Naito, and Taizan Shirakawa. "Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence and Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence among Japanese Older Adults: Associations with Physical Activity, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Well-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020360.
Full textAbstract:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a major social problem for older adults and leads to a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health, and physical activity. This study assessed the prevalence and symptoms of UI among older adults discharged from the hospital in Japan and investigated the association of UI symptoms with physical activity, HRQoL, and subjective well-being (SWB). By an international consultation, the Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) that assesses UI severity, was developed. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess physical activity, HRQoL, SWB, and social demographic characteristics of the participants. In total, 145 participants (valid response rate, 48%; mean age, 78.6 ± 7.6 years) were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant factors associated with the presence of UI. Significant decreases in physical activity, HRQoL, and SWB were observed in patients with UI compared with those without UI (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, number of reported conditions, and decreased SWB were associated with UI (p < 0.05). UI was associated with less physical activity and decreased mental health status in older adults (especially decreased SWB). Health-promoting measures for older adults with UI are essential for maintaining their well-being and extending healthy life expectancy.
21
I., Onishchenko. "Do we need social sciences and humanities in the 21st century (Optimization of social sciences and humanities in the European and American higher school)." Economics and Management, no. 86(1) (February 28, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.133.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the level of teaching of social sciences and humanities cycle within the frameworks of Ukrainian educational system, crisis and optimization of curricula as well. Attention is paid to the fact that, the correspondence of modern education system to the task (challenges) of contemporary society can be viewed as a sharp question for consideration that the scientists have been coming across for almost twenty years of the 21st century. It is argued that the impending revolution will affect (if not completely destroy) the political world order, to which humanity must be prepared. Perhaps today, there is a blurred understanding (human being as a social/political subject) of direct correlation of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering. A certain country’s political system or financial-banking system works are not crucial ones. A man is aimed at getting the earned money on time - transfer it from his ATM and spend it as he/ she wishes. He/she needs harmony in everything from family relations to the political climate. The emergence of new socio-political models with new forms of ideologies requires the flexibility towards new realities. It is argued that it is necessary to change educational approaches not only in the sense of its organization but in its content as well. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the old educational model set the primary goal - to provide education, now a different task - people should become independent, creative managers of their future. In this sense, only knowledge of a particular profession is insufficient. Proved to work in a new way in today’s environment, you need to see and understand these new conditions. It is argued that humanitarian knowledge shaping the socio-political culture of the individual, as an integral part of modern state formation, can come to the rescue. It is argued that it is possible to form a political culture, in particular, by studying the disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle in higher education institutions. We have presented the models of social sciences and humanities teaching in higher educational institutions of the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan and South Korea. Attention is drawn to the content of educational programs in educational institutions in the United States and some European countries, which since 2015 have begun to increase the scope of study of humanities not only in classical universities, but also in technical ones
22
Kapoor, Aneel, Fasiha Fatima, Naveed Ahsan, Ghulam Serwar Shaikh, Dildar Ali Solangi, and Bhawni Shanker. "Vitamin D Deficiency among Well Nourished and Malnourished Children of School Going age at District Tharparkar." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167873.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The most frequent type of nutrient shortage is Vitamin D deficiency, which affects about of half of the world’s population. Vitamin D deficiency responsible for numerous acute and chronic conditions not only in malnourished children but also in well-nourished children. Our objective was to determine vitamin D levels among malnourished and well-nourished school going children at district Tharparkar Pakistan. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: This study was conducted in Mithi, District Tharparkar among school age-children (between 10-18 years). Vitamin D was estimated by Cobas e411 analyzer Roche (made in Japan). Results were descripted as mean ± SD. Students t test was used to find out the significant of results. A 0.05 or lower p -value was judged as meaningful. Results: 300 children were divided in malnourished and well-nourished groups. Vitamin D deficiency affected 74% of school age children. Boys accounted for 30% of the group, while girls made up 44%. We noticed that 4 girls had severe vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in school going children. Even well-nourished girls are more vitamin D deficit than boys. Children are seen as important members of society and are regarded as the country's future architects. As a result, investing in children's health is the most important factor in improving Pakistan's economic, political, and social conditions, because malnutrition has a significant impact on mental and physical inadequacy. Keywords: Vitamin D, Malnutirion, school going children
23
Tanaka, Tomoki, Kyo Takahashi, Masahiro Akishita, and Katsuya Iijima. "VALIDITY OF COMMUNITY-BASED FRAILTY CHECK-UP BY SENIOR VOLUNTEERS FOR PREDICTING ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S680—S681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2514.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Aim: For achieving healthy aging for all, multi-faceted frailty is serious problem in super-aged society such as Japan. We developed community-based frailty check-up program performed by trained senior volunteers. In this study, we aimed to validate the ability of the results of check-up to predict needing long-term support or care insurance or death in community-dwelling older population. Methods: A total of 1,536 older adults (mean age, 73.0±6.1 years; 74% women; non-eligible for long-term support or care) participated in the check-ups held from April, 2015 to March, 2018 in Kashiwa City, Japan. At check-ups cite, 21 items including nutrition, oral and physical functions, and social conditions were assessed; Outcome was needing long-term support or care insurance, or death from the day of check-ups until October, 2018. Results: During follow-up {median 678 days (inter-quartile range, 199-1263)}, 116 (7.6%) were newly needing for long-term support (n=50) or care (n=49), or death (n=18). The number of positive responses among 21 items was associated with decreased risks of outcome {age-sex adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.87 (0.81-0.92)}. Compared those with > 18 positive responses (third tertile), individuals with < 14 positive responses (first tertile) were highly increased risks of outcome {age-sex adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 2.44 (1.22-4.49)}. Conclusions: Community-based frailty check-ups program could predict the needing long-term support or care insurance or death in community-dwelling older population. The appropriate intervention for individuals with bad results of the check-up might contribute to serving as early prevention of multi-faceted frailty.
24
Imideeva, I. "EMIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF MONGOLIA: QUESTIONS AND ANALYSIS." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 27, no. 8 (2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-8-111-123.
Full textAbstract:
The work examines the processes of emigration of Mongolian citizens and their problems, including the author studied and analyzed the reasons for emigration. It should be noted that not so many decades have passed since the Mongols began to freely travel abroad, and therefore the relevance of the study carried out is to study the emigration process of Mongolian citizens and find out the nature of the reasons for the departure of citizens to other countries. The analysis of the emigration of the population was facilitated by various reasons, such as environmental, political, economic, social, cultural and others. In the methodological part, methods of sampling, collection and analysis of data, as well as methods of empirical research were used. The object of study is the emigration of the Mongolian population, the subject of the study is the study of the emigration process of Mongolian citizens in the context of different periods. The purpose of studying this direction is to study and identify the main difficulties and problems of the emigration process in Mongolia and present a comprehensive analysis. The methodological part of the study included the use of sampling methods, the use of methods for collecting and analyzing data, as well as empirical research. In the years before the pandemic, the number of Mongols, living and working in other countries, was constantly growing, but due to a number of reasons, including the pandemic, some citizens began to return to their homeland. The government of Mongolia has taken a number of measures to return its citizens to their homeland over the past and this year. A generation of young people aged 25-44 remains permanently. Studies have shown that India, Russia, China, Japan, Australia, Germany and Ireland are preferred for study, with the largest number of people going to South Korea, the Czech Republic and Hungary to work under labour contracts. In terms of the ratio of men and women over the years, a larger percentage falls on women according to the gender survey and indicates that the number of women living abroad exceeds the number of men. Thus, it is time to decide the need to form a single transparent system for the formal collection of information on external migration, including information on working and living conditions, on the consequences of migration, therefore, it will be easier to accurately determine the goals of the emigration outflow and one of the ways to find a solution to this issue. considered due to external emigration
25
Song, Cholho, Stephan A. Pietsch, Moonil Kim, Sungeun Cha, Eunbeen Park, Anatoly Shvidenko, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Florian Kraxner, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Assessing Forest Ecosystems across the Vertical Edge of the Mid-Latitude Ecotone Using the BioGeoChemistry Management Model (BGC-MAN)." Forests 10, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060523.
Full textAbstract:
The mid-latitude ecotone (MLE)—a transition zone between boreal and temperate forests, which includes the regions of Northeast Asia around 30°–60° N latitudes—delivers different ecosystem functions depending on different management activities. In this study, we assessed forest volume and net primary productivity changes in the MLE of Northeast Asia under different ecological characteristics, as well as various current management activities, using the BioGeoChemistry Management Model (BGC-MAN). We selected five pilot sites for pine (Scots pine and Korean red pine; Pinus sylvestris and P. densiflora), oak (Quercus spp.), and larch forests (Dahurian larch and Siberian larch; Larix gmelinii and L. sibirica), respectively, which covered the transition zone across the MLE from Lake Baikal, Russia to Kyushu, Japan, including Mongolia, Northeast China, and the Korean Peninsula. With site-specific information, soil characteristics, and management descriptions by forest species, we established their management characteristics as natural preserved forests, degraded forests, sandy and cold forest stands, and forests exposed to fires. We simulated forest volume (m3) and net primary productivity (Mg C ha−1) during 1960–2005 and compared the results with published literature. They were in the range of those specified in previous studies, with some site-levels under or over estimation, but unbiased estimates in their mean values for pine, oak, and larch forests. Annual rates of change in volume and net primary productivity differed by latitude, site conditions, and climatic characteristics. For larch forests, we identified a high mountain ecotype which warrants a separate model parameterization. We detected changes in forest ecosystems, explaining ecological transition in the Northeast Asian MLE. Under the transition, we need to resolve expected problems through appropriate forest management and social efforts.
26
Yasunaga, Masashi, Hisashi Kawai, Hirohiko Hirano, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yoshinori Fujiwara, and shuichi Obuchi. "EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF PARTICIPATING IN THE REGION ACTIVITY ON FUNCTIONAL DECLINE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.454.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This 3-year prospective study was conducted to explore whether frequency of participating in the region activity exert independent effect on preventing functional decline among urban Japanese older adults after controlling for potential confounders. We examined a prospective cohort of 2,524 community-dwelling persons, aged 65 years or older, who responded to the baseline mail survey in Toshima ward, Tokyo, Japan in 2014. They were followed for the subsequent 3 years in terms of functional status. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze independent effects of frequency of participating in the region activity, such as 1) no participation, 2) no participation in the past year, 3) less than one day per month, 4) few days per month, 5) over one day per week, on functional status, controlling for potential confounders such as age, gender, self-rated health, chronic conditions and social capital at baseline. At baseline, the mean age of 1,261 participants who completely responded to follow-up survey in 2018 was72.1 years (SD=5.0), and 56.9% were women. As results of analyzing, only “over one day per week” was significant predictors of preventing subsequent functional decline even after adjustment for confounders (odds ratios .361; 95% CI .180–.725). Frequency of participating in the region activity over one day per week have effect on preventing functional decline among urban Japanese older adults after controlling for potential confounders.
27
Applbaum, Kalman. "Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Contemporary Japan.:Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Contemporary Japan." American Anthropologist 104, no. 4 (December 2002): 1238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.4.1238.
Full text
28
Imideeva, Irina V. "EMPLOYMENT OF MONGOLIAN CITIZENS IN OUTSIDE COUNTRIES: STATUS AND REASONS." Today and Tomorrow of Russian Economy, no. 105-106 (2021): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/1993-4947-2021-105-106-04.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the processes of emigration of Mongolian citizens and their problems, including during a pandemic. Research and analysis were carried out in relation to the choice of the country of permanent or temporary residence, gender and age ratio, reasons for emigration, and living conditions. Today the trend is as follows, including during a pandemic, thousands of people move from one country to another and from one region to another, changing cities and places of residence for the sake of well-being, decent wages, in search of better living conditions. However, personal safety, the safety of families and children began to be felt more during the pandemic, this became the reason for the majority of citizens to return home. It has been 20 years since Mongolian citizens began to freely move around the world, for example, according to official data, at the end of 2020, more than 101 thousand Mongolians live and work abroad, one third of which are in South Korea. In the years before the pandemic, the number of Mongols living and working in other countries grew steadily, but due to a number of reasons, including the pandemic, some citizens began to return to their homeland. For example, on the part of employers, there are violations of labor contracts, living conditions, etc. The government of Mongolia has taken a number of measures to return its citizens to their homeland. So, to date, this figure is more than 40 thousand people, leaving work, study, treatment, residence abroad. In this regard, the subject of this research is the study of the emigration process of Mongolian citizens in the context of past periods. The purpose of studying this direction is to study and identify the main difficulties and problems of the emigration process over a twenty-year period and present a comprehensive analysis. Thus, the relevance of this study is to study and clarify the nature of the reasons for the departure of Mongolian citizens from the country. The study and analysis of the emigration of the population has been facilitated to this day by various reasons, such as environmental, political, economic, social, cultural and others. The methodological part of the study included the use of sampling methods, the use of methods for collecting and analyzing data, as well as empirical research. The study of the number of emigrating citizens was carried out in the period from 2010 to 2020, the data of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia, the official population census and the property fund of the country were compared. Depending on the country of residence, the largest number of people study in India, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Japan, Germany and Ireland, and leave for permanent residence in Poland, Great Britain and the USA. In countries such as South Korea, the Czech Republic and Hungary, they work more under contracts. Turkey, South Korea, Sweden, Czech Republic, Switzerland and Poland are chosen as self-employment. The studied population group was studied in relation to travel purposes, including: training, permanent residence, contract work, work on a business trip, self-employment, living with family members, etc. The largest number of respondents leave for study, in 2020 their number was 35.8 percent, in second place is self-employment. In terms of the ratio of men and women living abroad, 80 percent are women. Due to the lack of a complete information field, a system for the movement of Mongolian citizens, it is difficult to determine the complete provision on international migration and their employment. There is no assessment of international migration and its situation in general. There is a very general number of different sources on labor migration, where only the total number of Mongols living and working abroad is indicated. Thus, a more transparent system is needed for the formal collection of information on external labor migration, and these are the tasks of emigration, including information on working and living conditions, problems, difficulties and consequences of migration, using them to analyze and develop further political regulation. Thus, we will determine the economic, social, environmental, political and social goals of the emigration outflow of the population. It is worth paying attention to the official and complete collection of data in this area. As suggestions and recommendations, it is necessary to establish an official information base for the governing bodies regarding the international migration of Mongolian citizens.
29
Arai, Nobuhiko, and Takenori Akiyama. "A questionnaire-based survey to evaluate and improve the current HHT medical and social condition in Japan." Surgical Neurology International 11 (October 2, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_211_2020.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic systemic vascular disease affecting multiple organs and shows recurrent intractable symptoms. This disease has not been widely recognized in Japan until recently. Both diagnosed HHT patients and potential ones have faced difficulties because of the unfamiliarity with the disease in Japan. To evaluate the effect and degree of such a Japanese situation, a questionnaire-based survey was executed in this study. Methods: This survey was carried out among the members of HHT Japan Association. The organization consisted of 102 members (as of 6/2019), mainly HHT patients and their family members. A questionnaire was used to gather demographic data, the effort to reach the diagnosis, and information regarding current patients’ and their families’ medical managements. Results: Of the 102 questionnaires distributed, we have got 56 responses. The participants were mostly female (30) with an average age of 55.4 ± 14.8 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) years. The average age of males was 53.5 ± 16.4. Relatively many HHT patients were born in huge cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka Prefecture (n = 4 to 8 patients). The duration between the initial symptoms and the definite diagnosis was 8.8 ± 10.9 years. The number of hospitals involved in the final diagnosis was 2.38 ± 1.83. More than 70% of patients now have to visit at least two departments and 24% of HHT patients did not want their family to screen for HHT. Conclusion: HHT medical practice in Japan should be further modified, for example, by establishing HHT centers and educating primary care physicians and HHT patients.
30
Noguchi, Taiji, Katsunori Kondo, Masashige Saito, Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda, and Sadao Suzuki. "Community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older adults in Japan: a multilevel longitudinal study using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) data." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e029279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029279.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThe present study examined the association between community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older Japanese people by using validated indicators of social capital and a prospective multilevel design.DesignProspective cohort studySettingWe used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, established from August 2010 to January 2012 in 323 districts.ParticipantsThe target population was restricted to non-institutionalised people aged 65 years or older who were independent in activities of daily living. Participants included 73 021 people (34 051 men and 38 970 women) who were followed up over a 3-year period.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was the onset of functional disability, defined as a new registration in public long-term care insurance system records with a care-needs level of two or above, analysed with multilevel Cox proportional hazards regression models by community social capital (civic participation, social cohesion and reciprocity).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 73.3 years (SD=6.0) for men and 73.8 years (SD=6.2) for women. During the study period, the onset of functional disability occurred in 1465 (4.3%) men and 1519 (3.9%) women. Of three community social capital variables, social cohesion significantly reduced the risk of onset of functional disability (HR 0.910; 95% CI 0.830 to 0.998) among men, after adjusting for individual social and behavioural variables. There was no significant effect among women.ConclusionsLiving in a community with rich social cohesion is associated with a lower incidence of onset of functional disability among older Japanese men.
31
Yamane, Kazuyo. "Gender Issues In Japan." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v3i1.366.
Full textAbstract:
Japan ranks 8th out of 177 countries in the Human Development Index which indicates the quality of life. However, Japan ranks 54th out of 93 countries in the Gender empowerment Measure (GEM), which means that Japanese women’s participation in politics and economy is very low. Why is there such a situation? First, it is not easy for women to have a job and do household chores at the same time because men tend to be forced to work for long hours and they do not have much time for household chores and taking care of children. There are also many men who tend to think that women are supposed to do household chores and take care of children. It is necessary to change working conditions of both men and women and also educate people about the importance of equality between men and women at school and communities as well as through media. There are women’s organizations which aim to improve the lives of women and children. It is encouraging that such women have been making great efforts to solve gender issues as well as other issues on peace, human rights, the environment and sustainable development cooperating with women in the world.
32
Rohmatullah, Yuminah. "MODERNITAS DAN RESPON AGAMA (TELAAH TENTANG FEMINISME DISKURSUS GENDER DALAM ISLAM)." Ushuluna: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ushuluna.v8i1.29936.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrak Modernisme telah menerima dan mendorong perempuan untuk bisa berkiprah di sektor publik, tetapi sekaligus ia pun dituntut agar tetap dapat berkiprah di sektor domestic . Konsekuensinya, gerakan perempuan terpengaruh dan harus mengikuti arus modernisasi.Ketertindasan dan suborninasi yang dirasakan kaum perempuan bukanlah disebabkan oleh kodratnya tetapi terjadi karena adanya konstruksi sosial-budaya yang memang sengaja diciptakan oleh pihak yang berkepentingan yaitu kaum laki-laki. Ketertindasan perempuan bukan saja dalam ranah domestik (rumah tangga) dan publik, juga terjadi dalam konstruksi ilmu pengetahuan. Dalam konsep epistemologi modern kekuasan kaum perempuan telah ditelikung dan dilumpuhkan, ilmu pengetahuan sosial yang bersifat positivistik menciptakan kondisi yang meletakkan wanita sebagai posisi yang lemah, ilmu pengetahuan sosial dikontruksikan oleh kaum laki-laki yang menampilkan dirinya sangat seksis dan androsentris yang disusun berdasarkan praksangka-prasangka negatif dan inferior kaum laki-laki terhadap kaum perempuan.Epistemologi feminis adalah langkah untuk melakukan upaya mencari jalan keluar dari ketertindasan, dibutuhkan adanya penafsiran yang berperspektif gender yang tidak lain adalah sebuah penafsiran yang memberikan perhatian dan kepemihakan terhadap kelompok jenis kelamin yang tertindas, yang membela hak-hak perempuan. Maka perlu adanya penafsiran berprespektif gender yang tidak mesti harus dicurigai sebagai upaya westernisasi pemahaman al Qur`an. Karena al Qur`an tidak menafikan adanya perbedaan anatomi biologis, tetapi bagaimana perbedaan ini tidak dijadikan dasar untuk mengistimewakan jenis kelamin yang satu dengan jenis kelamin lainnya.AbstractModernism has accepted and encouraged women to take part in the public sector, but at the same time it is demanded to remain active in the domestic sector. Consequently, the women's movement is affected and must follow the flow of modernization.The oppression and subordination felt by women are not caused by nature but occured because of the socio-cultural construction that was deliberately created by the interested parties of men. Women's oppression is not only in the domestic (household) and public sphere, also occurs in the construction of science. In modern epistemological concepts the power of women has been torn and paralyzed, positivistic social science creates conditions that place women as weak positions, social sciences are constructed by men who present themselves highly sexist and androcentric based on prejudices negative and inferior male to female. Feminist epistemology is the step to make an effort to find a way out of oppression, it needs a gender perspective interpretation that is nothing but an interpretation that gives attention and cares to the oppressed sex group, which defends the rights of women.So there needs to be a gender perspective interpretation that should not be suspected as an attempt westernisasi understanding of the Qur'an. Because the Qur'an does not deny the existence of biological anatomical differences, but how this difference is not used as a basis to privilege the sex of one with the other gender.
33
Mori, Barbara Lynne Rowland, and Tom Gill. "Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Contemporary Japan." Contemporary Sociology 31, no. 4 (July 2002): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089085.
Full text
34
Klikauer, Thomas, and Tom Gill. "Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Contemporary Japan." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56, no. 4 (July 2003): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3590971.
Full text
35
Aida, Jun, Noriko Cable, Paola Zaninotto, Toru Tsuboya, Georgios Tsakos, Yusuke Matsuyama, Kanade Ito, et al. "Social and Behavioural Determinants of the Difference in Survival among Older Adults in Japan and England." Gerontology 64, no. 3 (2018): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485797.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A rapidly ageing population presents major challenges to health and social care services. Cross-country comparative studies on survival among older adults are limited. In addition, Japan, the country with the longest life expectancy, is rarely included in these cross-country comparisons. Objective: We examined the relative contributions of social and behavioural factors on the differences in survival among older people in Japan and England. Methods: We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES; n = 13,176) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 5,551) to analyse all-cause mortality up to 9.4 years from the baseline. Applying Laplace regression models, the 15th survival percentile difference was estimated. Results: During the follow-up, 31.3% of women and 38.6% of men in the ELSA died, whereas 19.3% of women and 31.3% of men in the JAGES died. After adjusting for age and baseline health status, JAGES participants had longer survival than ELSA participants by 318.8 days for women and by 131.6 days for men. Family-based social relationships contributed to 105.4 days longer survival in JAGES than ELSA men. Fewer friendship-based social relationships shortened the JAGES men’s survival by 45.4 days compared to ELSA men. Currently not being a smoker contributed to longer survival for JAGES women (197.7 days) and ELSA men (46.6 days), and having lower BMI reduced the survival of JAGES participants by 129.0 days for women and by 212.2 days for men. Conclusion: Compared to participants in England, Japanese older people lived longer mainly because of non-smoking for women and family-based social relationships for men. In contrast, a lower rate of underweight, men’s better friendship-based social relationships, and a lower smoking rate contributed to survival among participants in England.
36
Shiho, Yamashita, Takizawa Tohru, Sakamoto Shinji, Taguchi Manabu, Takenoshita Yuka, Tanaka Eriko, Sugawara Ikuko, and Watanabe Naoki. "Suicide in Japan." Crisis 26, no. 1 (January 2005): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.26.1.12.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This article introduces the reader to present conditions and suicide prevention measures in Japan. The suicide rate has increased gradually since the early 1990s, reaching a postwar peak in 1998. The number of suicides has remained at about 30,000 every year since 1998. Middle-aged (55-59 years) and elderly men have especially high suicide rates. In 2002, The Council of Learned People on Measures Against Suicides (organized by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare) released its report on national suicide prevention strategies. Although national suicide prevention strategies have just begun to be established, some prefectures or regions have undertaken unique suicide prevention measures.
37
Thorpe, Roland J., Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, Derek M. Griffith, Marino A. Bruce, Kisha Coa, Caryn N. Bell, Jessica Young, Janice V. Bowie, and Thomas A. LaVeist. "Race, Social and Environmental Conditions, and Health Behaviors in Men." Family & Community Health 38, no. 4 (2015): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000078.
Full text
38
Crabtree, Charles, and Kiho Muroga. "Measuring Gender Role Attitudes in Japan." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211057719.
Full textAbstract:
What explains gender discrimination in Japan? While Japan ranks near the worst among advanced democracies in nearly all cross-national gender equality rankings, we know little about the attitudes that drive disparate outcomes between men and women. To address this need, the authors develop, introduce, and validate the first measure of gender role attitudes in Japan, the Gender Role Scale. Using data from a large, national, quota-based sample of 2,389 Japanese conducted in March 2020, the authors visualize the subcomponents of Gender Role Scale, showing cross-gender differences in attitudes. The findings extend the large literature on politics and gender and provide a measure for reuse in Japan and for extension to other countries that lag behind in women’s empowerment.
39
Hill, Adam O., Benjamin R. Bavinton, Noriyo Kaneko, Lise Lafferty, Anthony Lyons, Stuart Gilmour, and Gregory Armstrong. "Associations Between Social Capital and HIV Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Japan." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 7 (October 2021): 3103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02097-3.
Full text
40
Togari, Taisuke, Yoji Inoue, Yosuke Takaku, Sakurako Abe, Rikuya Hosokawa, Takashi Itagaki, Shigeyuki Yoshizawa, et al. "Recreational drug use and related social factors among HIV-positive men in Japan." AIDS Care 28, no. 7 (February 17, 2016): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1140888.
Full text
41
MCKAY, DANIEL. "Camera Men: Techno-orientalism in Two Acts." Journal of American Studies 51, no. 3 (July 12, 2017): 939–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875817000548.
Full textAbstract:
During the years of Japan's “bubble” economy, writers and artists in the United States became increasingly susceptible to “Japan-bashing,” a discourse that objectified Japanese for their trade practices, overseas purchases, and tourist presence. In the following article, I draw upon a range of cultural texts, from Truman Capote's novellaBreakfast at Tiffany'sto Michael Crichton's novelRising Sun, in order to investigate how the trope of the camera-toting Japanese expatriate encapsulated the fears of the era. I then move to explore the ways in which Japanese Americans negotiated these tropes in their writings, paying particular attention to Ruth Ozeki's novelMy Year of Meats. I hypothesize that Japanese Americans remained aware of the phenomenon of “Japan-bashing” throughout the era, yet did not confront it in a sustained fashion. Instead, tropes were either dismissed out of hand or, as in Ozeki's case, incorporated into a narrative before undergoing a process of gradual dismantlement.
42
Lester, David, and Yukio Saito. "The Reasons for Suicide in Japan." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 38, no. 1 (February 1999): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3lxw-by6v-561v-cc42.
Full textAbstract:
A study of the reasons for suicide from 1978 to 1995 in Japan revealed strong trends over time and strong gender differences. For both men and women, suicides due to relationship problems became less common over the period; for men job stress became a more common precipitant, while for women psychiatric disorder became a more common precipitant. Years of high unemployment witnessed higher proportions of suicides due to economic hardship, lending support to the reliability and validity of these data.
43
Tolochek, V. "Social Environment Conditions, Resources And Social Success Of Subjects: Open Questions." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, no. 4 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021478-1.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of temporal and spatial characteristics of the conditions of the social environment as potential resources for the social success of subjects. The author's methodology was used (questionnaire “Dynamics of professional life style”); respondents (482 men and women aged 30–50 years old — civil servants, engineers and heads of departments of industrial enterprises, managers) assessed in points the role of social environment conditions as “professional factors”, the dynamics of their professionalism from 20 to 65 years; their socio-demographic and service characteristics were recorded. In the course of statistical analysis, the total sample was divided into different groups (men and women, specialists and managers, representatives of various professions, realized and unrealized in the family sphere); the sums of assessments of the environmental conditions of different social spaces were used (“Parental family”, “Relatives”, “Interpersonal relations”, “Own family”, “Work environment”, “Mesoenvironment”) and relative assessments (reflecting the duration of the duties of the head, managerial experience and family life relative to the age of the respondents). We received confirmation of the hypothesis that different positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not equally significant for all people, people of different sex, age, working in different fields of activity, having different social experience; in case of joint and/or long-term impact, the positively influencing conditions of the social environment are not summed up and do not give a stronger effect than with their separate, selective and/or short-term effects.
44
Koropeckyj-Cox, Tanya, and Vaughn R. A. Call. "Characteristics of Older Childless Persons and Parents." Journal of Family Issues 28, no. 10 (October 2007): 1362–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07303837.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence and implications of childlessness in old age are compared across nine major surveys in seven countries: Australia, Finland, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Specifically, the researchers examine indicators of the well-being and resources of childless men and women, compare them to their within-country peers with children, and explore the similarities and differences among childless older adults in different countries. The results show strikingly similar patterns across countries (with the exception of Japan). Childless elders are more likely than parents to live alone or in an institution. Childless never-married women have consistently higher education levels than other groups of women. Among men, marriage rather than parenthood is consistently linked with higher socio-economic status. The results suggest important structural processes that differentially shape the resources and well-being of men and women, childless and parents, over the life course and in old age.
45
Zuckerman, Miron, Chen Li, and Edward F. Diener. "Societal Conditions and the Gender Difference in Well-Being." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 3 (January 11, 2017): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216684133.
Full textAbstract:
Findings from a meta-analysis on gender differences in self-esteem (Zuckerman et al., 2016) suggest that the relation between the degree to which societal conditions are favorable to women and gender difference in self-esteem might be quadratic; when conditions improve, women’s self-esteem (relative to that of men) trends downward but when conditions continue to improve, women’s self-esteem begins to trend upward. Testing whether these relations generalize to subjective well-being, the present study found a quadratic relation between improving societal conditions and the gender difference in life satisfaction and positive affect (women are lower than men when societal conditions are moderately favorable compared to when they are at their worst and at their best); the relation was linear for negative emotion (women report more negative emotions than men when societal conditions are better). Directions for future research that will address potential explanations for these results are proposed.
46
Harada, Ken, Hidehiro Sugisawa, Yoko Sugihara, Shizuko Yanagisawa, and Masaya Shimmei. "Perceived Age Discrimination and Job Satisfaction Among Older Employed Men in Japan." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 89, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018811100.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the additive effects of age discrimination, as well as the buffering effects of psychosocial resources in reducing the negative impact of age discrimination on job satisfaction, among older employed men in Japan. Data were obtained from a national survey administered in 2016 to a probability-based sample of men aged 55 to 64 years ( n = 514). The results indicated that perceived age discrimination at work was associated with a lower level of job satisfaction. Moreover, a high level of social support from supervisors and coworkers decreased the negative impact of perceived age discrimination on job satisfaction. Our findings suggest that organizational-level interventions might be necessary to mitigate age discrimination and increase social support for keeping older employees in the workforce beyond their conventional retirement age.
47
Murata, Chiyoe, Tami Saito, Masashige Saito, and Katsunori Kondo. "The Association between Social Support and Incident Dementia: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020239.
Full textAbstract:
Social support is important for the health of elderly populations. However, its longitudinal effect on incident dementia is unclear. We used the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES) project data to investigate the longitudinal effect of social support on dementia onset. Functionally independent older people at baseline (n = 14,088) in 10 municipalities were followed from 2003 to 2013 using National Long-term Care Insurance System data. Social support was assessed by the following support sources: co-residing family, family or relatives living apart, and friends or neighbors. Cumulative incidence of dementia was 14.6% and 18.7% for men and women, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were employed by gender to investigate the association between social support and dementia onset adjusting for age, health status, health behaviors, subjective cognitive complaints, depression, and other socioeconomic factors. Gender differences were observed in the association between social support and incident dementia. Support from co-residing family members was protective among men, whereas among women, no effect of social support on dementia was observed. Among other social factors, community engagement was protective for women, while for men, being married was associated with lower incidence of dementia. The association between social support and dementia seems to differ by gender. When we design programs to promote social interactions among the elderly, we need to take into account such gender differences.
48
Wilensky, Harold L. "Can Social Science Shape the Public Agenda?" Contexts 4, no. 2 (May 2005): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2005.4.2.41.
Full textAbstract:
Although America leads the world in conducting social scientific evaluations of public policies, in the end, social science contributes less to policymaking here than it does in most of Western Europe and Japan. Instead, our research has little bearing on whether a government program lives or dies. Intellectuals typically have tense relationships with men and women of power, but the disconnect between research and policy is most extreme in the United States.
49
Konishi, Shoko, Yoshie Moriki, Fumiko Kariya, and Manabu Akagawa. "Casual Sex and Sexlessness in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study." Sexes 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes3020020.
Full textAbstract:
Low fertility has persisted in Japan for decades. Sexless marriages may indirectly contribute to low fertility. Inactive sexual lives within intimate and committed relationships may be linked to sexual activity outside such relationships, called “casual sex”. This study aimed to explore the correlates of casual sex and sexlessness. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among married and single men (n = 4000) aged 20–54 years in Japan. Sexlessness were reported by 56% of men, whereas 11% had had casual sex and 31% had had non-casual sex (with spouse, fiancé, or girlfriends/boyfriends) in the last month. Among married men, higher income and long working hours were positively associated with casual sex. Regarding never-married men: those with lower educational status and without full-time jobs were more likely to report casual sex, those in rural areas were more likely to be sexless than those in urban and suburban areas, and those with depression were more likely to be sexless than those without depression. Matching app use was strongly associated with casual sex among married and never-married men, suggesting that such tools may facilitate sexual activity outside committed and intimate relationships. Sexual behavior is closely linked to one’s social and economic environment and health status.
50
Taylor, Harry O. "SOCIAL ISOLATION, LONELINESS, AND MEN'S HEALTH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.781.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Strong and fulfilling relationships are important components of men’s health and well-being across the life course; however, social isolation and loneliness are important but under-assessed conditions among older men. This is important to note because older men often subscribe to common masculinity themes regarding independence and self-sufficiency which places them at greater risk for social isolation and loneliness in comparison to older women. The purpose of this presentation is to review the social isolation and loneliness literature specifically among older men by 1) discussing gender differences, and the potential mechanisms behind these differences, in social isolation and loneliness, 2) examining health, behavioral and physiological effects of social isolation and loneliness specifically among older men, and 3) providing future research directions for understanding social isolation and loneliness among older men including understanding social isolation and loneliness and their associative outcomes among diverse samples of older men.