Dissertations / Theses: 'Men's and women's victimisation'

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Knapasjö, Martina, and Jenny Klindt. "The Double Standard towards Men's and Women's Violent Behaviour : En kvantitativ experimentell studie angående människors attityder till våldsbrott i förhållande till kön." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113651.

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The present study tested the prediction that male offenders are judged more harsly than female offenders for involving in a violent crime. Three-hundred and fifty-four adult students (163 men, 190 women, 1 unspecified gender) evaluated a hypothetical crimescenario describing a violent conflict between two parties, as part of a 2 (Informants Gender: Male/Female) x 3 (Offender Gender Triad: Male/Female/Neutral) x 3 (Victim Gender Triad: Male/Female/Neutral) between-subjects design. In situations involving male offenders, compared to female offenders, the informants judged the male offenders more harshly which exposed a double standard, as we expected. Informants also believed that it was more likely that a male offender was a recidivist.

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Сербін, Олегослав Ігорович. "Safari style in women's and men's clothes." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15359.

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Hawkins, Judith Bernadette. "A difference in women's and men's academic prose." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/854.

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Croft, Alyssa. "Men's roles and women's goals : causes, consequences, and complementarity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58705.

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This dissertation explores the possibility that persistent gender inequality in the domestic sphere, wherein women do disproportionately more childcare and housework than men, might explain some of the variance in women’s adherence to traditional gender roles. I present three separate papers addressing the broad research topic of gender role complementarity (i.e., how rigid masculinity stereotypes governing men’s behavior impact women’s possible selves). First, I summarize a study of how the self-views of over 320 children are predicted by the beliefs and behaviors of their parents. The most relevant finding to this dissertation is that grade-school-aged girls with traditionally career-focused fathers reported female-stereotypic career aspirations, but girls whose fathers helped out more with domestic tasks nominated more gender-neutral career aspirations. Second, a set of four experiments tested a complementarity hypothesis, whereby women’s expectations about men’s willingness to adopt caregiving roles in their future families might contribute to whether women can imagine themselves as breadwinners and enable them to pursue their career ambitions. Results showed that women who were primed with counter-stereotypical male exemplars or information that men are increasingly assuming caregiving roles (as opposed to being more career-focused) were more likely to envision themselves as the primary economic provider of their future family. Furthermore, this gender role complementarity was particularly strong among women with more ambitious career goals. These patterns suggest that women's stereotypes about men's roles in the future could constrain the decisions they are making in the present. Finally, in the last set of studies, I find evidence that women are less attracted to agentic, career-oriented potential romantic partners than more communal, family-oriented or balanced potential partners, as predicted by their desire to become a breadwinner. Taken together, these studies highlight broader considerations for gender equality, beyond focusing on the workplace in isolation. Future directions for research on the perceptions and implications of gender role change are also discussed.
Arts, Faculty of
Graduate

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Rörström, Rosanna. "Men's Perspective on Women's Empowerment in Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9946.

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This study aims to define men’s perspective on women’s agency and entrepreneurship, and the gender changing roles within the household in Babati district, Tanzania. Women’s empowerment is a notion recently put into practice in several African states today. The notion has transpired from women’s collective ability to organize, act and demand in patriarchal societies in recent decades, resulting in their increased influential and politicized roles. This has further led to constitutional law amendments in Tanzania as well as the establishment of local microfinance institutions, promoting women’s social mobilization. The study is based on semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. The interviews include local men from Babati district, whose wives are active in organizations and/or own a business, as well as a Social Welfare Officer from Babati Development Town Council. The theoretical framework is mainly composed of literature focusing on African pre-colonial gender roles and stereotypical ideas of gender that have affected how gender roles are perceived today. The results emerged as generally positive attitudes towards women’s empowerment. Most men stated that women have ascertained a position of increased influence both within and outside the household in the past decade. However, the positive results have been interpreted through different aspects. Unemployment is discussed as a large societal issue in Babati district, and most men interviewed were unemployed, which could have affected the results and perceptions of women’s social roles. Additionally, this disempowers the traditional role of men as head of the household, also interpreted as a consequence due to women’s empowerment.

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Laghari, Shahnaz. "Honour killing in Sindh : men's and women's divergent accounts." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15560/.

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The aim of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of honour-related violence, the most extreme form of which is honour killing. The research was conducted in Sindh (one of the four provinces of Pakistan). The main research question is, ‘Are these killings for honour?’ This study was inspired by a need to investigate whether the practice of honour killing in Sindh is still guided by the norm of honour or whether other elements have come to the fore. It is comprised of the experiences of those involved in honour killings through informal, semi-structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews, conducted under the framework of the qualitative method. The aim of my thesis is to apply a feminist perspective in interpreting the data to explore the tradition of honour killing and to let the versions of the affected people be heard. In my research, the women who are accused as karis, having very little redress, are uncertain about their lives; they speak and reveal the motives behind the allegations and killings in the name of honour. The male killers, whom I met inside and outside the jails, justify their act of killing in the name of honour, culture, tradition and religion. Drawing upon interviews with thirteen women and thirteen men, I explore and interpret the data to reveal their childhood, educational, financial and social conditions and the impacts of these on their lives, thoughts and actions. By viewing the rise in honour killings in Sindh over the last three decades as a suspicious change, I argue that there are some notable features such as the Pakistani law, gender discrimination in every walk of life, the social and economic situation and cultural and religious interpretations of notions about honour killing in the light of the interviewees’ accounts. Although this is a small-scale study, its findings help make recommendations for future research in the field.

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Way, Jason Donovan. "Differential Reactions to Men's and Women's Counterproductive Work Behavior." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3404.

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This purpose of this study was to examine the effect that employee gender might have on performance ratings. Specifically, it was thought that negative performance episodes, such as aggressive behavior, might have less of an effect on performance ratings for males compared to females because males have a stereotype of being more aggressive. Additional hypotheses examined how different types of negative performance affected perceptions that the employee was behaving according to their gender ideal, and whether people judged male and female aggressiveness differently. To this end, 134 undergraduate students participated in a 2 x 3 design experiment where they read about a hypothetical server in a restaurant who had committed various negative behaviors at work. The results were, for the most part, not significant. The exception was that there were some slight group differences in how well the employees in the various conditions fit their gender ideal.

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Arvidsson, Sofia. "A Gender Based Adjectival Study of Women's and Men's Magazines." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4862.

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Drew, Maria Laura. "A discourse analysis of women's and men's narratives on depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq20732.pdf.

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McBain, Laura-Lynne. "Women's and men's networks in the workplace : attitudes, behaviours and outcomes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32295.

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Homosociality, the societal norm toward same-gender social bonding, has been hypothesized as an important explanatory variable in the maintenance of occupational segregation by gender and the low status of women in traditionally male-dominated occupations (Lipman-Blumen, 1976; Reagan & Blaxall, 1976). In this investigation of homosociality in the workplace, 257 women and 197 men employed in managerial, supervisory, professional, and technical positions in seven organizations completed a questionnaire regarding their career development and interpersonal relationships in their current organization. Predictions derived from homosociality theory and the literature and research on mentoring, friendship, and organizational networks were tested. Of the 17 hypotheses associated with five research questions, 8 were fully or partially supported, 6 were not supported, and 3 could not be tested because factor analysis did not support the variable of interest (lifetime attachment). Alpha was apportioned using the Bonferroni inequality procedure; probability levels ranged from .025 to .0025 depending on the number of significance tests conducted for each question. Analysis of variance (Gender x Gender Composition of Network) and simple main effects analysis performed on mentoring and relationship provisions (intimacy, similarity, defiance of convention, respect for differences) scores indicated one significant main effect for gender: women's same-gender networks provided more intimacy than men's. Significant main effects for gender composition were: (a) men's same-gender networks provided more mentoring than their cross-gender networks; (b) women's same-gender networks provided more intimacy than their cross-gender networks; and (c) for both genders, same-gender networks provided higher levels of similarity and defiance of convention than cross-gender networks. Correlational analyses indicated: (a) for women, but generally not for men, homosocial attitudes were significantly related to the size and activities of same- and cross-gender networks; (b) for both genders, same- and cross-gender mentoring and primarily same-gender relationship provisions were positively and significantly related to career- and job-related outcomes. Homosociality was evident in attitudes, network activities, and outcomes. Results also indicated signs of organizational gender integration. Implications for theory and counselling, and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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Ditscheit, Krista. "Differences in the television media's representation of men's and women's sports." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000ditscheitk.pdf.

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Sahlberg, Desiré. "Taking Out Insurance on Statements : Hedging in Women's and Men's Research Articles." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16974.

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This thesis presents the view that women use hedges more often than men and for different reasons and seeks to determine to what extent and during what circumstances this phenomenon occurs. A quantitative and qualitative design was selected for this study. That is, quantitative in the sense that, hedges were counted in two articles by a male and female writer. The articles were about perceptions of lifestyle habits that put children of Mexican descent at risk for obesity. Qualitative in the sense that only a certain amount of hedges was accounted for. The findings are supported with additional material in the form of books and articles about gender, and hedging in academic writing. The results did not match the initial hypothesis and as a result men use hedges more often than women do. The most plausible explanation for this has to do with hedging in scientific writing as opposed to gender related issues. Perceptions about female and male language use may not correspond to preordained expectations. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

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Bates, Elizabeth Anne. "The relationship of men's and women's partner violence to personality and psychopathology." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/3146/.

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The aim of the current project was to test two competing views on the study of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), namely the feminist and violence perspectives. The feminist perspective views IPV as having an individual etiology and should not be considered within the context of other types of aggression (see for example, Dobash & Dobash, 1979). The violence perspective sees IPV as something to be studied alongside other aggression by examining the characteristics and psychopathology of the perpetrator (see for example, Felson, 2002; 2006; 2010). The first part of the thesis used IPV and same-sex aggression measures (a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale; Straus, 1979) alongside a measure of controlling behavior (Controlling Behavior Scale; Graham-Kevan & Archer, 2005) to test a number of hypotheses derived from the feminist theory of IPV – including Johnson’s (1995) typology. Results provided contradictory evidence for this theory including, but not limited to, women’s preponderance to perpetrate IPV and controlling behaviors at a greater frequency than men, the lack of significant differences in classification for Johnson’s typology and the finding that same-sex aggression perpetration was associated with controlling behaviors towards a partner. The second part of the thesis then went onto to explore studying IPV within a violence perspective. This involved examining associations between aggression and other personality and psychopathology variables to determine their predictive power. These chapters were further presented within Finkel’s (2007) I3 framework as either impelling or inhibiting forces. The series of studies involved examining both stable and dynamic risk factors that have been found in the previous literature to be associated with IPV and same-sex aggression namely: (1) attachment styles and psychopathic traits; (2) self-control, empathy, anxiety and perceived physical retaliation and (3) paired variables of cost-benefit assessment and instrumental-expressive beliefs. Results revealed several important findings for the theoretical literature and implications for treatment and interventions. Firstly, IPV and same-sex aggression shared similar significant risk factors; this indicates the similar etiology of aggression in general and provides support for studying IPV within the “violence perspective”. Secondly, men and women shared some similar risk factors. The differences supported the view that women have better inhibiting control than men and that the inhibiting forces within Finkel’s framework may be more useful in predicting women’s aggression with the impelling forces being more useful for men’s aggression. Thirdly, it demonstrated the importance of both impelling and inhibiting forces in predicting aggressive behavior, the latter of which has received relatively less research attention. Finally, and following on from the previous point, the current project has drawn attention to the research potential of Finkel’s framework. The implications here involve the way IPV perpetrators are treated within both the criminal justice system and in terms of intervention programmes. This project has provided contradictory evidence to the feminist theory that underpins the current treatment programs in use. Suggestions for future research and how interventions can be improved are discussed.

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Nichols, Cassandra N. "Women's and men's achievement striving in an academic environment : a qualitative study." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036816.

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This study explored the way women and men achieved and competed in an academic environment. Because of a lack in the literature of a conceptual framework from which to guide an investigation of achievement in the academic domain, an additional purpose of this study was to develop a grounded or data-derived theory of women's and men's achievement striving based upon their self-reported experiences. Results of this study demonstrated that both women and men achieve and that women and men appeared more similar than different in their achievement endeavors. Additionally, the results demonstrated a remarkable degree of variability among participants, suggesting that the desire to achieve is a highly individualistic phenomenon in which gender is only one possible variable that affects how individuals compete and cooperate. Closely associated with this high degree of variability was the observation that participants' perceptions, evaluations, and beliefs about achievement were often associated with situational variables. These situational variables (e.g., different contexts, importance of particular goals, relationship factors, type of preferred competition) had a mediating effect on whether or not participants competed or how they chose to compete. The results suggested that some women and men differed from one another in how they chose to compete according to various situational variables. These three interactive data-generated, theoretical elements (i.e., both women and men compete, achievement involved a high degree of variability, achievement was mediated by situational variables) combined to form a grounded theory known as the Expectancy Theory of Women's and Men's Achievement Striving. This theory suggests that women and men have a great deal in common with one another when striving to achieve, but that there may be some gender differences based upon the expectations about the process of achieving in the world of work. Some of these expectations in which women and men appeared to differ includedwomen's notion that other women were more difficult to compete with than were men. Also, men discussed the expectation that the world was a competitive place and was only going to get more competitive. Finally, both women and men expected that they world achieve the goal of having careers and families in the future, but men expected that they would achieve these goal shortly after they graduated while women expected that they would have to choose between which of these two goal they wanted first (family or career).
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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Tait, Sarah Louise. "Prison officer care for prisoners in one men's and one women's prison." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612320.

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Nobuko, Makishi. "Same behavior, different consequences: Reactions to men's and women's compulsory citizenship behaviors." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1337272328.

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Sturgill, Aaron A. "An Investigation of College Men's and Women's Fashion Adoption Influenced by Celebrities." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1308166054.

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Fettro, Marshal Neal. "Men's and Women's Time Use: Comparing Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530144962678369.

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Wilson, Kalah. "Content Analysis of Sports Illustrated Articles Depicting Women's and Men's College Basketball." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1218.

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Despite an increase in women’s participation in basketball, equal representation and portrayal of female athletes in comprehensive media coverage remains in question. This study examines the portrayal of femininity and masculinity in sports magazine articles and explores how they may reinforce hegemonic masculinity. A content analysis of Sports Illustrated articles for a full season was performed. Three themes support theories of hegemonic masculinity: comparison to male greats, mentioning male family members, and presence of default assumptions. Additionally, two themes emerged involving the tendency for sports authors to depict athletes in accordance with gender inequality. Overall, the Sports Illustrated articles analyzed provide support for literature about bias in media depictions and representations of female athletes.

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Daniels, Rosemary. "Women's place in men's poetry: The creation of a beata femina in women's poetry of the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29093.

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This dissertation examines a group of female writers in the eighteenth century, the Countess of Winchilsea, Sarah Fyge, Mary Chudleigh, Elizabeth Singer Rowe, Mary Collier, Mary Leapor, Ann Yearsley, and Anna Barbauld, who reconfigured elements of an authoritative generic mode, the georgic. In undertaking this reconfiguration these women developed their own distinctive tradition of verse which I describe as a portrayal of a beata femina . The poetry of the beata femina acknowledges the separate sphere to which eighteenth-century mores restricted women and privileges the life of that sphere. Thus the narrative of the beatus vir is not figured as an appeal to rural retirement so much as a gendered escape from a male dominated world into a female life of the mind. The traditional affirmation of the georgic labour of the estate is transformed into a testimony of domestic labour. The country-house poem is rewritten to celebrate the women who give it life, while the topographical survey is reordered as a means for women to survey their own narratives. However, the most significant way in which these women establish a sense of a beata femina within georgically inflected verse is through their employment of time. Women's poetry in this mode self-consciously rejects both the seasonal cycles and sense of historic progression associated with the georgic. Instead, women describe short periods of time within their quotidian lives in which they experience pleasure, connect to nature or other women, and, often, achieve transcendent experiences which seem to stand outside time.

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Keates, Catherine F. "Young women's and men's expectations of, and coping strategies for, multiple role lifestyles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37563.pdf.

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Slaughter, Megan Michelle. "The Hippocratic Corpus and Soranus of Ephesus: Discovering Men's Minds Through Women's Bodies." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3351.

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This thesis addresses what cultural influences and social circumstances shaped the works of the Hippocratic Corpus and Soranus's Gynecology. This thesis will illustrate how these medical texts are representative of how women were viewed by men in Classical Greece and Early Imperial Rome, respectively. It deals additionally with how these gynecological works in turn impacted the way in which society viewed and treated women. In particular, these medical writers' changing views of the act of conception shed light on the differing attitudes of their cultures. Thus far research on these time periods and works has focused too narrowly on one aspect of society to do them justice, nor has there been an effort to separate Soranus's work from the Hippocratic Corpus as representative of a completely different culture and time period. Scholarship has not before discussed the importance of who controls power over conception, men or women, as the key to understanding why women were treated they way they were by men. Using a feminist approach, this thesis examines the culture, mythology, literature, history, and medicine of these cultures, employing cultural morphology to understand how and why they changed. Greek men feared the women in their lives because they believed that women controlled conception. Roman men did not fear the women in their lives but respected them as mothers, for the important reason that women did not control or contribute to conception. All of the cultural evidence examined inclines one to believe that the way women were treated and viewed by men in the Classical period of Greece and the early Imperial period in Rome, is related directly to who held the power over conception of children, men or women.

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Boyle, Suzanne. "Men's and Women's Meta-Stereotypes and Out-Group Stereotypes in Relation to Sexism." Thesis, Boston College, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/423.

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Thesis advisor: Timothy A. Duket
Abstract The primary goal of this research was to examine men's and women's meta-stereotypes, the stereotypes that group members expect out-group members to hold about their own group, and out-group stereotypes, the stereotypes that group members hold about the opposite gender. It was predicted that the magnitude of these stereotypes would be greater among individuals with higher sexism scores than among individuals with lower sexism scores. Results of this study indicate the existence of meta-stereotypes and out-group stereotypes held by men and women, along with specifying the adjectives that comprise these views. At the same time, only weak correlations were found between levels of sexism and magnitudes of meta-stereotypes and out-group stereotypes
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program

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Bratten, Gregory J. "A comparison of marketing techniques of women's and men's NCAA Division I basketball." Scholarly Commons, 1999. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/521.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the marketing techniques perceived to effectively promote attendance at women's and men's NCAA Division I basketball events. Further, efforts were made to determine whether there were any differences in the marketing techniques perceived to be effective in the promotion of attendance between women's and men's basketball programs. The study surveyed sport marketers at NCAA Division I college basketball institutions which had both a women's and a men's basketball program in the 1993-94 basketball season. The marketers responded to the Marketing Technique Questionnaire which contained 25 statements pertaining to marketing techniques. It was hypothesized that there were no significant differences between the perceived effectiveness of the marketing techniques and proportion of seats filled. Also, it was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in the perceived effectiveness of marketing techniques between NCAA Division I women's basketball and NCAA Division I men's basketball programs in the promotion of attendance. Mean analysis and standard deviation, chi-square analysis, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were incorporated into the statistical analyses. Based on the results of these statistical analyses, both hypothesis were rejected.

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Dick-Mosher, Jennifer Lynne. "Out of Sorts: An intersectional analysis of disabled men's and women's workplace outcomes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87521.

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This study builds on previous research that demonstrated that disabled men and racial/ethnic minority men are more likely than non-disabled white men to work in female-dominated occupations, while at the same time not reaping the same privileges in those occupations as non-disabled white men do. Using an intersectional approach and a large, nationally representative dataset, this study explores how race, gender, and disability intersect to sort workers into occupations. It also examines how advantage and disadvantage cluster with regards to income inequality within and across occupation types. My research finds that disability has an impact on how people are sorted into occupations; however, that impact varies with race as well as by gender. In addition, disability leads to income disadvantages for disabled white men, but has no additional impact on the earnings of white women and racial/ethnic minority men and women. Race has a larger impact on the earnings of racial/ethnic minority men than on racial /ethnic minority women; the latter are already disadvantaged based on their gender. Class, measured by education and professional occupation, had the strongest impact on workplace outcomes both occupation and income for Hispanic men.
Ph. D.

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Johnson, Deanna Michelle. "Women's and Men's Perceptions Regarding Perceived Speaker Sex and Politeness of Given Utterances." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277635/.

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Women's and men's responses regarding perceived speaker sex and the politeness of given utterances were examined through the use of a questionnaire administered to 90 people, 45 men and 45 women. The questionnaire required respondents to rate the politeness of each utterance and label each as being more likely spoken by a man or by a woman. Factors possibly affecting perceptions--such as power, prestige, and the stereotypical conversational structures of both men and women--were addressed through others' research in this area. Additionally, all tested sentences were analyzed in light of linguistic politeness theory regarding on-record and off-record speech. This analysis details each utterance through examining the type of politeness strategy each utterance typifies.

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Walker, Sarah Jane. "The meaning of consent : college women's and men's experiences with nonviolent sexual coercion /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008463.

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Lock, Nicole. "Framing and Normalizing Hormonal Contraception in Men's and Women's Magazines: An Ecofeminist Analysis." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19286.

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Hormonal contraception is widely used by women within the U.S. and is considered to be empowering and beneficial for women’s progress in society. Hormonal birth control is framed as having benefits beyond fertility control, often in ways that medicalize and problematize women’s natural reproductive cycle. This study takes a critical look at the framing of hormonal contraception in both women’s and men’s magazines from an ecofeminist perspective. Articles were gathered from Women’s Health, Cosmopolitan, Men’s Health and Maxim and were analyzed through Entman’s four functions of a frame. Special attention was paid to the differences between men’s and women’s magazines. The results show that hormonal contraception is being normalized through medicalizing women’s natural cycle and through naturalizing medical and scientific authority in making health decisions. Men’s magazines discuss contraception far less than women’s magazines, and both continue to place contraceptive responsibility on women.

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Johnson, Carina. "Men's experiences of participating in the silent protest." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5641.

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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)
This study aimed to investigate how male university students become involved in activism to end sexual violence against women. Historically, gender-based violence (GBV) prevention efforts have been a women's issue and men have not typically been part of this violence prevention picture. However, in the past two decades there have been increasing efforts to involve men. This has been motivated by growing recognition that, "while most men do not use violence against women, when violence does occur it is perpetrated largely by men and the ideas and behaviours linked to masculinity are highly influential in men's use of violence against women" (Flood 2011, p. 361). This project focuses on the Silent Protest, a campaign against sexual violence initiated in 2006 at Rhodes University. Since its inception the Silent Protest exclusively recruited women but, in 2011, men were actively invited and encouraged to participate as allies in activism to end sexual violence. This study aims to investigate the pathways through which male university students come to be involved in the Silent Protest and the meanings they derive from participation in protest activities. Men who participated in the Silent Protest were interviewed and the transcripts were analysed from an interpretative phenomenological framework. It was found that participation was motivated by an awareness of rape as a significant societal problem, a desire to make a difference, wanting emotional closure and as a result of the influence of family and friends. Participation resulted in both negative and positive experiences for male students. Positive experiences included a sense of accomplishment and pride and a sense of solidarity whilst negative experiences were feelings of helplessness, guilt and shock, feeling drained, and feeling grouped with rapists. Enhancing knowledge in this area can serve a critical role in informing outreach efforts on how best to engage and involve men in working towards ending sexual violence against women.

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Bode, Katherine. "In/visibility : women looking at men's bodies in and through contemporary Australian women's fiction /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20060120.161127/index.html.

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Buckingham, Elizabeth Ann. "Socialisation to higher mathematics : men's and women's experience of their induction to the discipline." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5425.

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Henderson, Antonia J. Z. "It takes two to tango, an attachment perspective exploring women's and men's relationship aggression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/NQ37714.pdf.

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Henriksson, Lori. "Parental influence on gifted men's and women's subjective task value of math and science." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ48008.pdf.

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French, Lydia. "Women's and men's mental wellbeing and adjustment to pregnancy and parenthood following infertility treatment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652035.

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Introduction: It is known that couples may experience emotional distress while undergoing infertility treatment. However, little is known about their mental wellbeing and adjustment to pregnancy and parenthood following successful treatment. Using a mixed method, longitudinal design, this study explored the impact of infertility and its treatment on women and men's mental wellbeing and adjustment to pregnancy and early parenthood. Methods: A clinical sample of primiparous couples, who had conceived through infertility treatment, completed a longitudinal survey that gathered information on their demographic, psychological, infertility, treatment and childbirth history. Repeat measures of their mental wellbeing and adjustment were taken at four time points, in pregnancy at 12 (Tl) and 28 (T2) weeks gestation and in parenthood at 3 (T3) and 6 (T4) months postpartum. Data were analysed using STATA. A sub group of survey participants took part in semi-structured interviews held at two time points (T2 and T4). Interviews focused on participants' experiences of infertility and treatment and the legacy it had on their mental wellbeing and adjustment to pregnancy and early parenthood. The interviews were analysed thematically.

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Mogosetsi, Seipati Elizabeth. "Black men's experiences regarding women's and children's rights : a social work perspective / S.E. Mogosetsi." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/246.

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The promotion of women's and children's rights excluded men from the process. The implementation of these rights called for a shift in domestic power relations. Men, especially certain black men, were plunged in predicament as some felt that the changes undermined their cultural and traditional masculine identities and that women and children abused their rights. In many cases the relationships between men, women and children came under pressure. This research is conducted among black men. The aim is to explore and describe black men's experience of their relationship with women and children in the context of women's and children's rights. An empirical study using a qualitative approach was followed to promote understanding of black men's experiences. In-depth interviews and personal notes/letters were used to collect data. The gist of the findings is that these changes are not important to women and children only, but to men too. The findings produced the following six main categories: Black men view women's and children's rights as good if correctly used; black men experience that women and children abuse their rights; black men feel that children do not honour them as they put their own rights above their father's rights; black men feel marginalised and use fight, flight or passiveness as coping strategies; black men experience women's and children's rights as a major cause of family disorganisation; black men suggest that there should be a platform for men and women to talk about their differences and types of power. Guidelines for appropriate service delivery programmes for families are developed from the findings.
Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Lee, Deborah. "A feminist study of men's and women's experiences of workplace bullying and sexual harassment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36422/.

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This thesis addresses both the discourse and dynamics of workplace sexual harassment and bullying, and on this basis develops an analysis of the relationship between these discourses, a topic which has hitherto been unexamined. My analysis builds upon a review of literature on workplace sexual harassment and bullying from 1979 to 1997. The emergence of the workplace bullying discourse in UK trade union publications, the media and self-help texts is traced. Empirical data based on interviews is used to explore three themes: (i) the characters of the workplace sexual harassment and bullying discourses; (ii) men's and women's experiences of workplace bullying and sexual harassment; and (iii) how both the workplace bullying and sexual harassment of men and women is underpinned by gender prejudice. My main data source is sixty men's and women's accounts of cross-sex or same-sex workplace bullying and/or sexual harassment in professional/managerial and subordinate jobs, produced in fifty qualitative, in-depth interviews and ten questionnaires. I show that many women embrace the workplace sexual harassment discourse to condemn unwanted male sexual conduct and many workers deploy the workplace bullying discourse to problematise a range of experiences previously understood as parts of the social relations of work. My data reveals that workplace bullying is often a campaign in which allegations of poor work performance are used to encourage an unwanted employee to resign and/or to set him or her up for dismissal. I demonstrate that the workplace sexual harassment and bullying of men and women is gendered: men are sexually harassed when they fail to conform to ideals of hegemonic masculinity and men and women are bullied by line managers because they do not appear to conform to normatively defined gender roles. My argument is that while men's and women's experiences of workplace bullying and sexual harassment might be conceptualised together as examples of 'abuse of power', the specificities of workplace sexual harassment and bullying must remain visible. As such, I propose conceptualising men's and women's experiences of workplace bullying and sexual harassment as a continuum to highlight the similarities and differences between these experiences.

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Rundall, Emma C. "'Transsexual' people in UK workplaces : an analysis of transsexual men's and transexual women's experiences." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2010. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/517779d1-f95f-7b7b-e2b9-368c9c1fc784/1.

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This thesis explores transsexual men’s and transsexual women’s experiences of UK workplaces. It investigates the mediation of visible/invisible gender-diversity/atypical gender-history, and the ways in which this influences trans-employees’ experiences of discrimination, protection, support, and inclusion/exclusion. Gender is discussed in terms of individual/interpersonal everyday experiences, and as macro societal institution/organizational regime dependent on the repetition of societally recognizable gendered signifiers and ‘expected’ practices. The study then goes on to examine business approaches to trans-employment equality, and responses to transfocussed/inclusive equality legislation. Poststructuralist and queer theory perspectives provided the theoretical framework for this research in order to interrogate and illuminate the research findings. The research focuses primarily on the self-reported experiences of individuals who identify as the sex-category opposite to the one ascribed at birth, regardless of their transition or employment status at the time of participation. This inclusion criteria was chosen because these individuals are the only gender-diverse sub-group to legally be afforded protection and potential gender-recognition. 106 trans-participants were recruited via a combination of snowball and convenience sampling to maximise the diversity of the sample. Quantitative and qualitative data was then collected via an anonymous asynchronous websurvey, which allowed participants to remain entirely anonymous, and participate at a time safe and convenient for them. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with eight business representatives selected from lists of organizations reported to have a strong focus on equality and diversity. Businesses were contacted by email and telephone, and informants interviewed face-to-face or via telephone. All of the interviewees were de-identified from their responses to prevent legal and personal repercussions, and to avoid deterring participation. Notions of (in)visibility, visibility, and invisibility, are employed as conceptual tools through which to explore the extent to which one’s gender-diversity, including history, is visible or invisible to the present or absent onlooker (see also Rundall and Vecchietti 2010). (In)visible gender-diversity greatly impacts upon trans-employees’ workplace experiences, and the extent to which their ‘transness’ is perceived to be ‘palatable’ by cisgender onlookers, subsequently influencing the degree to which the trans-individual is othered. ‘Visibly’/‘knowably’ gender-diverse individuals face a significant threat of transphobic discrimination and ostracism, although some do successfully gain acceptance of their gender-identities, and receive support and inclusion. Significant variation was found between the experiences of trans men and trans women, and participants employed in different sectors. Legislation was shown to have impacted upon organizational approaches to trans-equality, particularly in relation to policy-provision. And yet, trans-equality continues to be viewed and constructed as subordinate to other more ‘dominant’/societally ‘valid’ equality-strands, and so is frequently denied investment. Thus, many businesses lack the knowledge and mechanisms needed to implement legislation and policies into day-to-day practices, which perpetuates trans as sous rature (under erasure). Through its focus, this thesis makes a contribution to both theoretical and practical knowledge surrounding: the doings/undoings of gender; identity constructions and related interpersonal and intertextual interactions; and the impact of medical, legal, and other dominant societal frameworks; in the UK employment sphere.

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Piper, Sandra Harriet. "Men's and women's experiences of receiving primary care delivered in the group medical visit model." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34562.

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The experiences of men and women receiving primary care by attending Group Medical Visits are poorly understood. The purpose of this secondary analysis of nine in-depth interviews was to seek understanding of their experiences. The men and women in this analysis sought treatment for their chronic conditions by attending heterogeneous Group Medical Visits. A gender lens provided the necessary framework to move forward in seeking further understanding of why the men and women's experiences in this study were similar, rather than different. This study revealed six themes common to both the men and women: overcoming vulnerability and emotional isolation, connecting and creating community, reciprocal learning, increased feelings of safety, building relationship with the physician, and efficiency of time. It appears irrelevant that the audience was of mixed sex; what seemed to matter was the common link of living with a chronic condition and having someone truly understand the experience. Gender does not seem to make a distinction regarding the basic experiences shared by men and women of this age group, living with chronic conditions: the need to tell their story, and the satisfaction in and support received from telling one's illness story. A second finding was the leveling of the power structure between patients and providers, which is often inherent in traditional one-on-one physician-office appointments. The leveling of power created an increased trust between the client and physician leading to improved relationships and the creation of a safe environment to receive primary care. The men and women found the ability to express their illness story, especially to their physician and to an understanding audience of like individuals, to be very beneficial.

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Berry, Douglas Odell. "Differences in emotional intelligence and team cohesiveness in men's and women's community college athletic teams." Thesis, Capella University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601436.

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This study contributes to the sports psychology literature by examining an existing paucity in the application of Emotional Intelligence (EI) theory and models to the athletic domain. Four branches of the ability model of EI (perceiving emotions, using emotions, understanding emotions, and managing emotions) were examined in relation to team cohesiveness (task, social, and overall) and team performance disaggregated by gender. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) was used to assess the EI level of participants. Team cohesiveness was measured using the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). The findings indicted that EI only had a significant effect on team cohesiveness social when moderated by gender, while the other relationships were not found to be statistically significant when moderated by gender. No significant relationship was discovered between EI and team cohesiveness in female athletes. No significant difference existed between males and females on a model containing four branches of emotional intelligence. A significant difference between gender and team cohesiveness was found. The final analysis of emotional intelligence, team cohesiveness, and team performance indicated that a significant relationship did exist. Team cohesiveness task made the strongest contribution to team performance. Managing emotions made a significant negative contribution to team performance.

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Campbell, Rosalind Ellen. "Beyond the gender gap? : a structural model of women's and men's political preferences in Britain." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408132.

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Jonson, Sarah A. "Occupational segregation in Namibia: Women's experience doing "men's work" in the construction and manufacturing industries." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73798.

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Vocational education and training (VET) is one of the key interventions targeting youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Its success in promoting better livelihoods and a more robust economy depends on both the availability and affordability of quality curricula and programs and the pathways leading to the labor market thereafter. Previous research on occupational sex segregation (OSS) has suggested that men and women exhibit different education attainment and confront discrete work opportunities due to social expectations governing women's roles within the home and outside of it. Around the world women continue to be economically disadvantaged and limited in their agency to choose decent work, specifically in male-dominated domains, such as construction and certain manufacturing jobs. This study sought to understand to what extent this was true for women who were trained and working in construction and manufacturing in Namibia. My findings confirm that norms governing ideas of what is masculine and feminine contribute to the channeling of women into professions perceived broadly to be socially appropriate for them in that developing nation. Discriminatory hiring practices and workplace treatment shed further light on why Namibian women may be underrepresented in these domains. The experiences of this study's participants did not necessarily align with past research findings regarding the burden of child bearing and rearing, as family members afforded many of those I interviewed the flexibility to work by helping care for their children. A number of the interviewees also expressed a preference for working with men, challenging the oft-cited development narrative that women ally themselves with other women and tend to view themselves in opposition to men. By providing context-specific information on some of the factors contributing to occupational segregation in Namibia, this study adds to the existing development and feminist literature related to the interplay between the productive and reproductive spheres of women's lives as well as their options and choices concerning each.
Master of Public and International Affairs

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Torkelsson, Åsa. "Trading out? : a study of farming women's and men's access to resources in rural Ethiopia /." Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8339.

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Mizokami, Yuki. "Ambiguous boundary between women's and men's speech in the Japanese language in the use of polite expressions." 名古屋大学言語文化研究会, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8052.

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Blessing, Aaron C. "The effect of structured teambuilding on athlete satisfaction in NCAA Division III men's and women's soccer players." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1293517.

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Previous research has explored the benefits of structured teambuilding interventions in the team sport environment (Voight & Callaghan, 2001). Structured teambuilding has a positive effect on cohesion, and the link between cohesiveness and successful athletic performance has been well documented (Carron, Colman, Wheeler, & Stevens, 2002), but little research has been carried out in terms of student-athlete enjoyment of their athletic experience based on the incorporation of structured teambuilding as part of the training environment. This study was designed to examine the effect of structured teambuilding on athlete satisfaction in NCAA Division III men's and women's soccer. One hundred and eleven student-athletes from six NCAA Division III soccer teams participated. Sixty-five student-athletes played for teams that used structured teambuilding (STB). Forty-six student-athletes played for teams that did not use structured teambuilding (NSTB). Students indicated average playing time per game and completed the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) (Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998) at the conclusion of his or her regular season, but prior to any post-season competition. A 2 (use of team building) x 3 (playing status) ANOVA revealed significant main effects for use of team building, F(1, 105) = 9.34,p < .003, and playing status, F(2, 105) = 9.10, p = < .001. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences in 8 of the 15 subscales of the ASQ: individual performance, ability utilization, personal treatment, training and instruction, team social contribution, and personal dedication. STB studentathletes recorded significantly higher satisfaction when compared with their NSTB counterparts. Implications for the use of structured teambuilding as a tool for team development, drawing particular attention to the satisfaction of players, are discussed.
School of Physical Education

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Pagano, Jennifer Hoolhorst. "The evolution of Sunset Magazine's cooking department: The accommodation of men's and women's cooking in the 1930s." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3575.

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The Western regional magazine Sunset has been published under a series of owners and publishers since 1898. In 1928, Sunset was purchased by Lawrence Lane, a Midwestern magazine executive who transformed it from a failing turn-of-the-century, general interest publication about the West, into a successful magazine about living in the West for the Western middle-class. Sunset had always been a magazine for men and women, and one that appealed to both male and female intellectuals at the time Lane purchased it. Lane and his editors attempted to interject more rigid middle-class ideals into a magazine that had espoused ideas that were progressive and less structured. Lane's new strategy to compartmentalize Sunset's content into its four categories—gardening, the home, cooking, and travel—resulted in a magazine that was conventionally gendered. Tension due to this shift played out in the publication's new cooking department. This thesis traces the development of Sunset's cooking department between 1928 and 1938 under the direction of its creator and founding editor Genevieve Callahan through the examination and analysis of Sunset cooking features and oral histories. The original department, structured to model a middle-class domestic ideology, did not accommodate all of Sunset's readers. The Western intellectualism of pre-Lane readers and their tendency to be less bound by conventional gender roles in the kitchen carried over into Sunset's cooking department via reader recipe contributions. These Western cooks included men and women whose foodways deviated from that of the typical middle-class housewife. Callahan experimented throughout the cooking department's first decade by shifting its editorial framework and softening her home economics rigidity to create a department that was inclusive of women and men who cooked both inside and outside the kitchen. The changes made to the department over that decade illustrate how editorial experimentation reconciled a new middle-class-oriented cooking department to accommodate Western cooks less apt to model traditional gender roles.

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Ahmed, Shamima. "In search of the "different voice" in the organization: men's and women's construction of their work-roles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39972.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of women's "different voice" on their organizational behaviors. The phrase "different voice" is used here to indicate that women perceive realities and think about them in a manner distinct from men. The study examines this issue by focusing on how men and women, working in similar positions within similar organizations, construct their work-roles. The specific research questions that this study pursues are the following: 1. Does the "different voice" find its expression in women's construction of their work-roles? and 2. If so, in what ways? The study uses the ethnomethodological perspective on understanding roles. For the purpose of data collection, the study uses several methods. Among them, the in depth interview is the major one. In depth interviews are conducted wi th twelve informants, six men and six women, who are working as heads of various academic departments in a university. All the interviews were tape-recorded and later transcribed.
Ph. D.

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Austin, Brad. "A competitive business : the ideologies, cultures, and practices of men's and women's college sports during the depression /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394475979848.

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Vanselow, Nina. "Of beauties, beaus, and beasts studying women's and men's actual and imagined experiences of sexual and gender harassment /." kostenfrei, 2009. http://bieson.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/volltexte/2010/1595/.

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Soh, Fonjong Michael. "Men's attitudes towards family planning vis-a-vis women's health : (the case of Njindom village in the Cameroons)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408077.

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Tu, Jenny. "A study on the impacts of gender mainstreaming on men and women in the world." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46059.

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The strategy of gender mainstreaming was implemented as a policy tool with its objective of achieving gender equality and benefitting both women and men. But it has been seen that the strategy had the tendency to present and focus only on one side of the gender coin, which are women and girls. Men and boys are hardly mentioned in gender related issues and appear as hazy background figures, which have further resulted in serious consequences for women and men, as well as the relationship between them in relation to gender equality efforts. This research analyzes the existing literature within the field of gender and development in order to comprehend the complexity surrounding gender equality concerning the policies with gender mainstreaming and its impact on women, men, and on the relationship between them. To increase the reliability of the research, an analytical model in the shape of a triangle was constructed to illustrate the symmetric correlation between gender policies, and their impact on women and men. The results of the research showed that with its main focus on women’s issues and empowerment, policies with gender mainstreaming appear to contribute to negative and threatened responses from men towards women’s increasing power. This is in relation to men’s sense of exclusion and disempowerment. The results further indicate a potential backlash in the objective of gender equality where men’s negative reactions can be seen to hamper women’s ability to perform their advanced role in households and communities, which further exacerbate the efforts of achieving equality.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Men's and women's victimisation'

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