Academic literature on the topic 'MEMS CAD project'
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Journal articles on the topic "MEMS CAD project"
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Danov, Roman, and Eugen Thiessen. "Development of a high resolution scanning RGB laser headlamp." Advanced Optical Technologies 9, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2020-0045.
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AbstractRecent rapid progress in automotive lighting technology led to the emergence of headlamps featuring a large variety of light distributions that are highly adapted to provide best possible road illumination in particular traffic situations. Visual assistance systems which highlight relevant objects or project symbols to communicate with other traffic participants, further improve road safety. Implementing all these functions within a single headlamp usually requires the use of several additional modules with high and low resolution. This multitude of modules impacts the installation space, styling and cost of automotive headlamps. This paper presents a high-resolution red-green-blue (RGB) laser headlamp module which provides a good illumination of the road and can also be used for external communication purposes. A specially developed laser scanning unit, based on a bi-axial resonant micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) scanner and a high-power RGB laser, serves as the technical basis. Three module concepts are designed using light simulation, constructed as computer-aided design (CAD) models and integrated into a serial headlamp package. The concepts are based on design, simulation and measurement data of the scanning unit.
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O’Connor, Leo, and Harry Hutchinson. "Feature Focus: Skyscrapers in a Microworld." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 03 (March 1, 2000): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-mar-2.
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This article reviews to enrich the variety of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to open new applications and markets. Established manufacturing methods for most MEMS were developed for electronics, and so the microcromachines turned out that way generally look like chips. The selection of materials is usually limited, and height, measured in microns, often remains in the single digits and rarely exceeds 20. Work at the University of Wisconsin in Madison is proceeding with a process that uses deep X-ray lithography. The technique is derived from an established micromanufacturing process known as LIGA, an acronym derived from the German terms for lithography, electroforming, and molding. LIGA, which has been around for a while, produces relatively tall micromachines by a method that radiates X-ray-sensitive materials to create molds. EFAB is being developed by USC’s Information Sciences Institute with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. To support commercialization of the process, the Institute has established the EFAB Consortium, which intends to give interested partners the option of acquiring prototype micro devices fabricated from their own 3D CAD designs.
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Bompiani, Adriano. "Ecologia, natura e tecnologia nelle responsabilità umane* Riflessioni a proposito della cosiddetta “biologia sintetica”." Medicina e Morale 60, no. 5 (October 30, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2011.155.
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L’autore esamina brevemente i concetti di natura, materia, “cosa” nel corso della storia dell’uomo rilevando la graduale perdita della “sacralità” attribuita alla natura mano a mano che si sviluppa la conoscenza scientifica della struttura e delle modalità di origine delle “cose” stesse. Descritti gli effetti che tale evoluzione ha prodotto sulla biologia ad opera della tecnica (definita da Tommaso d’Aquino come rapporto fra manualità e ragione, specifico naturale dell’uomo) si sofferma ad illustrare l’importanza crescente dell’ecologia, alla quale tuttavia si contrappone una sempre più spinta tendenza manipolatoria dell’esistente. Ciò avviene – ad esempio – in taluni progetti di realizzazione di entità organiche elementari dotate di capacità riproduttiva non esistenti in natura mediante moduli di DNA (biologia c.d. “sintetica”). Discute infine le applicazioni pratiche di alcuni programmi, l’impatto sulla ecologia, il quadro etico-giuridico in situazione di incertezza e timore per i risultati. Controllo democratico dei programmi, applicazione del principio di precauzione e adeguata formazione degli operatori sono sollecitati dall’opinione pubblica, ma fondamentale è l’esercizio della responsabilità dei ricercatori. ---------- The author briefly analyses the concepts of nature, matter, “thing” during human history, noting the gradual loss of “sacredness” of nature once scientific knowledge of origins is increased. More, he illustrates the growing importance of ecology, against which a more manipulative tendency is opposed, for example within some projects for the realization of elementary organic entities with non natural reproductive capacity by DNA modules (the so called “synthetic” biology). Finally, he debates around the practical applications of some programs, the impact on ecology, legal and ethical framework within uncertain and dangerous situations concerning with the results. Public opinion demands democratic control of the programs, application of the precautionary principle and adequate training for operators, but research responsibility is fundamental.
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Casini, Carlo. "VII Rapporto sull’attuazione della L. 40/2004 per l’anno 2013 con specifico riferimento all’art.1 Prospettive derivanti da alcune sentenze costituzionali." Medicina e Morale 64, no. 4 (August 30, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2015.15.
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La Legge 40 del 19 febbraio 2004 che regola la PMA nel suo art. 1 indica gli scopi perseguiti: il superamento della sterilità delle coppie e la garanzia dei diritti di tutti i soggetti coinvolti compreso il concepito. Le relazioni ministeriali sull’attuazione della legge riferiscono a ogni anno sulla attuazione delle nuove tecniche, ma esclusivamente con riferimento al primo dei due obiettivi ora indicati. È doveroso, verificare se anche il secondo scopo è stato perseguito e in quale misura. Ciò è divenuto particolarmente urgente dopo le sentenze costituzionali che hanno reso lecita la generazione soprannumeraria di embrioni, la PMA eterologa, il ricorso alla PMA anche da parte di coppie non sterili ma portatrici di malattie potenzialmente ereditarie. Nell’impossibilità di modificare le sentenze costituzionali il cui effetto più negativo consiste nell’accumulo di embrioni congelati e rimasti privi di un progetto parentale, lo studio propone una serie di strumenti per limitare la lesione dei diritti del concepito. In particolare si propone che la forma eterologa della PMA possa attuarsi soltanto utilizzando gli embrioni già formati congelati e abbandonati. Viene ipotizzata anche una possibile obbligatoria rappresentanza processuale dei concepiti nelle vicende giudiziarie in cui i loro diritti sono in discussione; si argomenta contro l’anonimato dei c.d. donatori di gameti differenziando il regime del diritto a conoscere le proprie origini nelle diverse situazioni dell’adozione e del parto di donne che non vogliono essere nominate; viene auspicato l’intervento ministeriale per garantire che la generazione soprannumeraria avvenga soltanto nei casi in cui essa sia “strettamente necessaria” così come la legge continua a richiedere (art. 13); si dimostrava la netta differenza tra la diagnosi genetica pre-impianto e la diagnosi prenatale con riferimento alla tutela del concepito. ---------- The Italian Law n. 40 of February, 19, 2004 (Rules governing medically assisted fertilization), in its Article 1 focuses on two goals: to remedy reproductive problems arising as a result of human sterility or infertility and guarantee the rights of all the subjects concerned, the human embryo included. Every year on the ground of Art. 15, the Minister of Health draws up a report regarding the implementation of the Italian Law n. 40/2004, but only the first of the two goal is taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary understand if the second goal has been pursued and to what extent. Reflecting on this has become particularly urgent after the constitutional decisions that made lawful the generation of supernumerary embryos, the heterologous fertilization, the resort to “medically assisted procreation” by non-sterile couples but potentially carriers of hereditary diseases. Unfortunately, it isn’t possible to change the constitutional rulings whose most negative effect is the storage of cryopreserved embryos and their abandon without a parental project. In the light of this situation, the paper here summarized proposes a set of instruments in order to limit injuries to the rights of the human embryos. Notably, it is suggested that the heterologous fertilization may be implemented only by using the frozen and abandoned embryos already generated. It is also hypothesized a possible mandatory procedural representation of the human embryos in the legal proceedings in which their rights are debated; it is argued against the anonymity of the so-called “gamete donors” (as to this regard the rules on the right to know their origins are different depending on the different situations like adoption and childbirth of women who do not want to be named). Moreover the Ministerial intervention is called for ensuring that the supernumerary generation of human embryos is realized only when it is “strictly necessary” as the law continues to require (art. 13). Finally it is showed the clear difference between the genetic pre-implantation diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis with reference to the protection of the human beings at the beginning of their life.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MEMS CAD project"
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Li, Zhaoyi, and n/a. "Analysis and Design of Virtual Reality Visualization for a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CAD Tool." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060731.121340.
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Since the proliferation of CAD tools, visualizations have gained importance.. They provide invaluable visual feedback at the time of design, regardless whether it is fbi civil engineering or electronic circuit design-layout. Typically dynamic visualizations are produced in a two phase process: the calculation of positions and rendering of the image and its presentation as an animated video clip. This is a slow process that is unsuitable fbr interactive CAD visualizations, because the former two require finite element analysis Faster hardware eases the problem, but does not overcome it, because the algorithms are still too slow. Our MEMS CAD project works towards methods and techniques that are suitable for interactive design, with faster methods. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to contribute to the design of an interactive virtual prototyping of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) This research comprises the analysis of the visualization techniques that are appropriate for these tasks and identifying the difficulties that need to be overcome to be able to offer a MEMS design engineer a meaningful and interactive CAD design environment Such a VR-CAD system is being built in our research group with many participants in the team. Two particular problems are being addressed by presenting algorithms for truthful VR visualization methods: one is for displaying objects that are different in size on the computer screen. The other is modelling unsynchronized motion dynamics, that is different objects moving simultaneously at very high and vety low speed, by proposing stroboscopic simulation to present their dynamics on the screen They require specific size scaling and time scaling and filtering. It is these issues and challenges which make the design of a MEMS CAD tool different from other CAD tools. In the thesis I present algorithms for displaying animated virtual reality for MEMS virtual prototyping in a physically truthful way by using the simulated stroboscopic illumination to filter animated images to make it possible to show unsynchronized motion.. A scaling method was used to show or hide objects which cannot be shown simultaneously on the computer screen because of their large difference in size. The visualization of objects being designed and their animations is done with much consideration of visual perception and computer capability, which is rising attention, but not too often mentioned in the visualization domain.
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Li, Zhaoyi. "Analysis and Design of Virtual Reality Visualization for a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CAD Tool." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366361.
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Since the proliferation of CAD tools, visualizations have gained importance.. They provide invaluable visual feedback at the time of design, regardless whether it is fbi civil engineering or electronic circuit design-layout. Typically dynamic visualizations are produced in a two phase process: the calculation of positions and rendering of the image and its presentation as an animated video clip. This is a slow process that is unsuitable fbr interactive CAD visualizations, because the former two require finite element analysis Faster hardware eases the problem, but does not overcome it, because the algorithms are still too slow. Our MEMS CAD project works towards methods and techniques that are suitable for interactive design, with faster methods. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to contribute to the design of an interactive virtual prototyping of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) This research comprises the analysis of the visualization techniques that are appropriate for these tasks and identifying the difficulties that need to be overcome to be able to offer a MEMS design engineer a meaningful and interactive CAD design environment Such a VR-CAD system is being built in our research group with many participants in the team. Two particular problems are being addressed by presenting algorithms for truthful VR visualization methods: one is for displaying objects that are different in size on the computer screen. The other is modelling unsynchronized motion dynamics, that is different objects moving simultaneously at very high and vety low speed, by proposing stroboscopic simulation to present their dynamics on the screen They require specific size scaling and time scaling and filtering. It is these issues and challenges which make the design of a MEMS CAD tool different from other CAD tools. In the thesis I present algorithms for displaying animated virtual reality for MEMS virtual prototyping in a physically truthful way by using the simulated stroboscopic illumination to filter animated images to make it possible to show unsynchronized motion.. A scaling method was used to show or hide objects which cannot be shown simultaneously on the computer screen because of their large difference in size. The visualization of objects being designed and their animations is done with much consideration of visual perception and computer capability, which is rising attention, but not too often mentioned in the visualization domain.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
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Books on the topic "MEMS CAD project"
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Noda, Pamel J. Cross-sectoral partnerships in enhancing human security: Third intellectual dialogue on building Asia's tomorrow, Bangkok, June 2000. Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, 2002.
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Davidson, Judith. Substantive Writing in Team-Based Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648138.003.0005.
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This chapter, with an emphasis on writing about the substantive findings of a project, begins with turning our attention to the interpretive work that brings those findings into view. Interpretive work includes building up and then layering interpretive memos that fix propositions, often through interpretive meetings. Teams offer special opportunities for this work through their ability to “work the boundaries” of their multiple members. These activities will lead to the beginning of the writing process, and this chapter provides detailed information on the ways teams can develop collective writing opportunities for members that will expand their writing capacities. Teams also offer advantages in testing the trustworthiness of the results of the work. A major focus of this chapter is on two questions: What might you report? What form can that report take? In addition to traditional formats, this chapter provides extensive discussion of new and creative approaches substantive writing can take.
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Davidson, Judith. Writing Up Methods in Team-Based Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648138.003.0004.
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Methodological writing on complex teams is examined from three perspectives: (1) in process, (2) ideal, and (3) methodological literature. Under the topic of in-process methodological writing, the reader will learn how to construct bins for methodological documentation, from logs and memos to coding and the ongoing construction of a methodological library. Periodic reviews of methodological work will also be discussed. Ideal descriptions of methodology, which are in constant flux, are required throughout the conduct of a project, and this section provides useful, hands-on examples of these forms and how they can serve team needs. In the last section, the reader will learn about new ways to kick-start team writing on methodological issues. This chapter emphasizes the importance of methodological writing to the endeavor of qualitative research, urging qualitative researchers to savor the joys of methodological writing as they would the joys of reporting on substantive findings.
Book chapters on the topic "MEMS CAD project"
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N, Sivasankari, Mounika S C, and PriyaDharshini K. "Implementation of Wireless Sensor Networks to Prevent Deforestation Using Node MCU." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200117.
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The illegal movement of valuable trees such as sandal wood trees in forests poses a severe risk to natural reserves and it instigates a great loss to our country’s wealth. Almost 24,000 square miles has been lost due to deforestation in the past decade. This paper proposes an antipoaching system using NodeMCU based wireless system that uses 3- axis MEMS accelerometer (GY-61) and tilt sensor for detecting the falling of trees due to cutting of trees or natural calamities and Flame sensor, fire retardant for detecting and controlling the fire. In this project we use NodeMCU which has an inbuilt Wi-Fi module which covers a distance of around 300m range, is used in this project for cost efficiency and also NodeMCU enables the communication with neighbor nodes like client and server nodes. This protocol is used to monitor the trees even using a single node from the server system. The solenoid valve is used to spray the fire retardant to control the fire. Some IOT modules can also be used in this system to provide accurate information and remote monitoring of trees.
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Bailey, Timothy L. "MEME, MAST, and Meta-MEME: New Tools for Motif Discovery in Protein Sequences." In Pattern Discovery in Biomolecular Data. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195119404.003.0008.
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We are in the midst of an explosive increase in the number of DNA and protein sequences available for study, as various genome projects come on line. This wealth of information offers important opportunities for understanding many biological processes and developing new plant and animal models, and ultimately drugs, for human diseases, in addition to other applications of modern biotechnology. Unfortunately, sequences are accumulating at a pace that strains present methods for extracting significant biological information from them. A consequence of this explosion in the sequence databases is that there is much interest and effort in developing tools that can efficiently and automatically extract the relevant biological information in sequence data and make it available for use in biology and medicine. In this chapter, we describe one such method that we have developed based on algorithms from artificial intelligence research. We call this software tool MEME (Multiple Expectation-maximization for Motif Elicitation). It has the attractive property that it is an “unsupervised” discovery tool: it can identify motifs, such as regulatory sites in DNA and functional domains in proteins, from large or small groups of unaligned sequences. As we show below, motifs are a rich source of information about a dataset; they can be used to discover other homologs in a database, to identify protein subsets that contain one or more motifs, and to provide information for mutagenesis studies to elucidate structure and function in the protein family as well as its evolution. Learning tools are used to extract higher level biological patterns from lower level DNA and protein sequence data. In contrast, search tools such as BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) take a given higher level pattern and find all items in a database that possess the pattern. Searching for items that have a certain pattern is a problem intrinsically easier than discovering what the pattern is from items that possess it. The patterns considered here are motifs, which for DNA data can be subsequences that interact with transcription factors, polymerases, and other proteins.
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Greco, F., D. Carbone, F. Cannavò, A. A. Messina, and G. Siligato. "Absolute and Relative Gravity Measurements at Volcanoes: Current State and New Developments Under the NEWTON-g Project." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2020_126.
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AbstractGravity changes associated with volcanic processes occur over a wide range of time scales, from minutes to years and with magnitudes between a few and a few hundred microGal. High-precision instruments are needed to detect such small signals and both time-lapse surveys along networks of stations, and continuous measurements at single points, are accomplished. Continuous volcano gravimetry is mostly carried out through relative gravimeters, either superconducting instruments, providing higher quality data, or the more widely used spring meters. On the other hand, time-lapse surveys can be carried out with relative (spring) gravimeters, that measure gravity differences between pairs of stations, or by absolute gravimeters, capable of measuring the absolute value of the gravitational acceleration at the observation point. Here we present the state-of-the-art of terrestrial gravity measurements to monitor and study active volcanoes and the possibilities of new gravimeters that are under development. In particular, we present data from a mini array of three iGrav superconducting gravimeters (SGs) at Mount Etna (the first network of SGs ever installed on an active volcano). A comparison between continuous gravity measurements recorded through the iGrav#016 superconducting gravimeter at Serra La Nave station (1730 m a.s.l.) and absolute gravity data collected with the Microg LaCoste FG5#238 gravimeter in the framework of repeated campaigns is also presented. Furthermore, we introduce the Horizon 2020 NEWTON-g project (New Tools for Terrain Gravimetry), funded under the FET-OPEN Research and Innovation Actions call, Work Programme 2016–2017 (Grant Agreement No 801221). In the framework of this project, we aim to develop a field-compatible gravity imager, including an array of low-costs Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-based relative gravimeters, anchored on an absolute quantum gravimeter. After the design and production phases, the gravity imager will be field-tested at Mt. Etna (Italy) during the last 2 years of the project.
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Regalad, Antonio. "Investigative Reporting." In A Field Guide for Science Writers. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174991.003.0024.
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When a biotechnology executive whose company I had often written about published a memoir, I got a chance to learn how he saw journalists—in particular, me. The executive, Michael West of Advanced Cell Technology Inc., in Worcester, Massachusetts, blamed me for some disastrous publicity that had befallen his small cloning company. On page 193 of his book, The Immortal Cell (2003), he let me have it: “Antonio Regalado is more of a detective than a reporter” (emphasis added). I think Dr. West was honestly surprised by the lengths to which I had gone to find out about his company's research. ACT was at that time pioneering a controversial technology called “therapeutic cloning.” I had gone to the patent office and delved through voluminous files. I had called just about everyone who'd ever worked with the company. I'd asked impertinent questions. I wouldn't take no for an answer. Although Dr. West's book portrays me as a somewhat dastardly fellow, being called a “detective” is one of the biggest compliments I've ever been paid. What's more, I learned from his comment that the approach to reporting I had taken was very different from that of other science journalists he'd dealt with. The fact is most science journalists are concerned with explaining science to a general audience. Reporters take difficult material and present it in a way that lay readers can understand. With so much of modern life based on science, explaining it clearly is probably our community's most important objective. But sometimes we science reporters can get a little complacent. We can be too trusting of scientists' good intentions, and we forget to be skeptical. Too often, we allow Science, Nature, and the Journal of the American Medical Association to spoon-feed us the news each week. Seth Shulman, a reporter who has covered toxic waste and government censorship of science, told me that his definition of an investigative project is “a story that doesn't want to be told.” That's why leaked reports or confidential memos so often play a role in investigative reports. Sometimes a physical paper trail is the only way to find out what people were really thinking. To be a science “detective” requires a more critical view of things.
Conference papers on the topic "MEMS CAD project"
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Singh, Kamaljit, Raju Paul, Faris Kamal, and Ousama Takeiddine. "Gap Analysis on MEES Execution." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207540-ms.
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Abstract Main Electrical Equipment Supplier (MEES) concept has been adopted on mega projects to facilitate overall electrical power system integration and standardization of items/systems within an EPC package as well as across multiple EPC packages and to avoid interface issues. A gap analysis has been performed in this paper based on experience on recent projects and recommendations are proposed as mitigation measures which will benefit Clients, Suppliers as well as FEED/EPC CONTRACTORs. Challenges faced during execution are categorized based on type as well as execution stages. Paper focusses on the major items to be defined as part of the frame agreement during MEES selection to minimize conflicts and issues later on. MEES package pricing (including material, non-material items and services) is done based on agreed Price Book. Gaps are identified as part of this paper including the methodology for change management. Scope limitation is also discussed in detail with clear objective of minimal risk to all stakeholders. Timing and responsibility of MEES selection, that is critical on mega projects with multiple packages, has also been analyzed. Concept of MEES is highly recommended on projects that have complex electrical power system, projects involving multiple EPC CONTRACTORs and also on the projects that are fast track in nature. It has been observed that most projects these days fall into one of these two categories which makes this paper even more relevant. However, execution of MEES package has vast scope for improvement. As part of MEES selection, the following shall be agreed and established, as a minimum: Selected make & model list of all the components along with the unit rates as part of MEES frame agreement that acceptable on project. Price book including all the main equipment envisaged on the project fully complying with project requirements. Comprehensive technical deviations acceptance list as part of MEES frame agreement. Technical compliance certificate indicating Vendor's compliance on the latest revision of Specifications/Data Sheets/ drawings associated with MEES Material Requisition (MR). Price Book should be sufficiently comprehensive without gaps to avoid variations after award. Most common gaps are identified and discussed in detail in the paper. It is highly recommended to select MEES during FEED stage (prior to bidding stage) in order to take advantages in terms of project schedule, change management and overall cost optimization. MEES concept, if managed with recommendations in this paper, can benefit all stakeholders.
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Eckersley, Steven, Josef Schalk, and Martin Kluge. "The EADS Micropack Project: An Intelligent Microsystem Demonstrator for Small Mission Applications." In CANEUS 2006: MNT for Aerospace Applications. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/caneus2006-11024.
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The global Micro-electromechanical (MEMS) or Microsystems Technology (MST) market is forecast to keep growing at a phenomenal rate. EADS recognises the potential for this technology to revolutionise the space industry, where it can dramatically reduce mass, size and power requirements and therefore launch costs. This can enable missions that would otherwise have been unfeasibly expensive. Therefore EADS has been developing a novel modular approach to packaging integrated microsystems for space applications called ‘micropacks’. The micropacks include suites of COTS MST sensors, packaged and integrated into a 3D modular multi-layer ceramic package. This introduces flexibility and means that this impressively light and compact micropack technology can be adapted to form the basis as a solution for a range of exciting future mission concepts. In addition, EADS Astrium Ltd. is ensuring that the micropack has the capability to be integrated into a cubesat, should a potential flight opportunity arise. This in turn helps develop the necessary knowhow of MEMS payload integration for future missions.
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Fu, Kelvin, Aaron J. Knobloch, Fabian C. Martinez, David C. Walther, Carlos Fernandez-Pello, Al P. Pisano, Dorian Liepmann, Kenji Miyaska, and Kaoru Maruta. "Design and Experimental Results of Small-Scale Rotary Engines." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23924.
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Abstract A research project is currently underway to develop small-scale internal combustion engines fueled by liquid hydrocarbons. The ultimate goal of the MEMS Rotary Internal Combustion Engine Project is to develop a liquid hydrocarbon fueled MEMS-size rotary internal combustion micro-engine capable of delivering power on the order of milli-watts. This research is part of a larger effort to develop a portable, autonomous power generation system with an order of magnitude improvement in energy density over alkaline or lithium-ion batteries. The rotary (Wankel-type) engine is well suited for the fabrication techniques developed in the integrated chip (IC) community and refined by the MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) field. Features of the rotary engine that lend itself to MEMS fabrication are its planar construction, high specific power, and self-valving operation. The project aims at developing a “micro-rotary” engine with an epitrochoidal-shaped housing under 1 mm3 in size and with a rotor swept volume of 0.08 mm3. To investigate engine behavior and design issues, larger-scale “mini-rotary” engines have been fabricated from steel. Mini-rotary engine chambers are approximately 1000 mm3 to 1700 mm3 in size and their displacements range from 78 mm3 to 348 mm3. A test bench for the mini-rotary engine has been developed and experiments have been conducted with gaseous-fueled mini-rotary engines to examine the effects of sealing, ignition, design, and thermal management on efficiency. Preliminary testing has shown net power output of up to 2.7 W at 9300 RPM. Testing has been performed using hydrogen-air mixtures and a range of spark and glow plug designs as the ignition source. Iterative design and testing of the mini-engine has lead to improved sealing designs. These particular designs are such that they can be incorporated into the fabrication of the micro-engine. Design and fabrication of a first generation meso-scale rotary engine has been completed using a SiC molding process developed at Case Western Reserve University. The fabrication of the micro-rotary engine is being conducted in U.C. Berkeley’s Microfabrication Laboratory. Testing of the mini-engine has lead to the conclusion that there are no fundamental phenomena that would prevent the operation of the micro-engine. However, heat loss and sealing issues are key for efficient operation of the micro-engine, and they must be taken into account in the design and fabrication of the micro-rotary engine. The mini-rotary engine design, testing, results and applications will be discussed in this paper.
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Komvopoulos, K. "Surface Adhesion and Friction in Microelectromechanical Systems: Measurement and Modification Techniques." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64107.
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Microscopic devices that can perform sensing, actuation, and control, known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), are projected to lead to new technologies with profound impacts in science and engineering. However, there are several limitations that must be overcome before MEMS could be fully utilized in various applications. In particular, because of the low stiffness and large surface-to-volume ratio of MEMS, high adhesion and friction forces between proximity and contacting surfaces limit the device efficiency and often lead to premature failure. Basic study of adhesion and friction under MEMS conditions requires special microdevices fabricated by surface micromachining. The basic features of such MEMS devices are presented herein together with suitable surface modification techniques for reducing surface adhesion and friction, such as surface texturing and deposition of low surface energy solid films and self-assembled monolayers.
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Bhavnani, Anmol. "Utilization of Micro-Electronic-Machine Systems (MEMS) to Possible Future Use in the Enhanced Analysis of Safety in Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1527.
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The focal point of this paper is to go in-depth in to the potential utilization of MEMS to further enhance safety measures within nuclear power plants. Robots, which are being researched and developed in Sandia National Laboratories, sometimes built as small as the size of a pollen grain, can be utilized to constantly monitor the stress analysis within all aspects of running a Nuclear Power Plant. From cooling towers to detecting miniscule cracks within pipes, MEMS can be utilized to constantly detect and even possibly repair minor faults within the overall structure of a nuclear power plant. MEMS technologies provide the ability to reliably produce micro actuators and sensors to meet these mission requirements. MEMS technologies are also attracting an increasing interest from the commercial sector for various applications. Currently, Sandia National Laboratories has been developing MEMS technologies to support its core missions of weapon surety, stockpile maintenance, and national security interests. Already, the project has been responsible for numerous electromechanical systems in nuclear weapons, which ensure nuclear safety and provide reliable arming, fusing and firing. With these factors in consideration, the main idea of this paper is to present ideas for producing sensors and robots on a micro scale, which could be programmed to communicate and work within each other to have enhanced safety and efficiency within a nuclear power plant.
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Tiliakos, Nicholas, George Papadopoulos, Andrew M. O’Grady, Vijay Modi, Ronan Larger, and Luc G. Fre´chette. "A MEMS-Based Shear Stress Sensor for High Temperature Applications." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37700.
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Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are an enabling technology that has lead to various miniature sensor concepts. Utilizing recent advances in silicon carbide (SiC) MEMS fabrication techniques allows for the development of a new series of sensors that leverages the high temperature capabilities of SiC. One such sensor concept is a shear stress sensor that can operate over a high dynamic range, and at very high temperatures, with an application emphasis on ground and flight testing in supersonic and hypersonic flow. The application of this fundamental sensor element and capacitance sensing design to very high temperature and very high shear environment, however, brings another set of challenges that involve the associated packaging and electrical control scheme. While this project is still a work in progress, we present an overview of our efforts to design, develop, fabricate and test a MEMS shear stress sensor for hypersonic aeropropulsion test and evaluation applications.
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Lamers, Tina L., and R. Shane Fazzio. "Accelerating Development of a MEMS Piezoelectric Microphone." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34958.
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MEMS projects are well known for their lengthy development times, hindering a company’s ability to make MEMS product development profitable. This paper describes a three-pronged methodology for rapid development of a piezoelectric MEMS microphone, utilizing concurrent design and prototyping, leveraged process technology, and a modified version of Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Avago Technologies has produced more than 300 million Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) piezoelectric band pass filters. FBAR uses Aluminum Nitride (AlN) as the piezoelectric film. Volume production of FBAR makes Avago the world’s only high volume producer of thin-film AlN products. This high-volume FBAR production process was greatly leveraged to enable fast prototyping of piezoelectric MEMS microphones. The concurrent design concept of simultaneously iterating on technical theory, finite element modeling, and prototyping with confirmation from testing was employed as another means of enabling swift development progress. QFD helps designers utilize the ‘voice of the customer’ to determine which product specifications are the most essential, and has long been used as a successful design methodology in the heavy industrial and automotive industries [1]. QFD and most other design methodologies have rarely been applied to MEMS products [2]. The second phase of QFD was modified for better application to MEMS products. Both Phase I and Phase II of QFD were then employed to guide the development process, giving insight into which elements of the design to focus on, which design concepts had the most merit, and which potential applications were the best fit to the technology. The combined effect of these three methods was extremely rapid development, enabling prototyping of hundreds of design variations and brisk improvement of measured results during the first eight months of the program. Achieving technical results quickly while assessing potential applications can aid in identifying a fast path to market. The methods used in this case study can easily be generalized for application to other MEMS development programs, potentially enabling MEMS products to reach production more quickly and generate increased profitability through addressing applications that best fit the technology and design.
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Seibi, A. C., and T. Pervez. "Design of Mobile HDPE Water Tanks: A Practical Design Exercise for Senior Students in Mechanical Engineering." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93447.
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Engineering design is becoming an integral part of any engineering program seeking international recognition and accreditation. Design practices are becoming a necessary experience to senior students nowadays in all engineering programs. The final year design project offered at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman gives senior students the chance to integrate their knowledge accumulated through already taken courses in the Mechanical Engineering Department to design particular products, experiments, and/or mechanical systems. In addition to gaining hands on experience of the design process, students were able to develop their communication skills and team work spirit. Throughout the whole year, students knowledge and expertise are enhanced through direct contact with their project advisor(s), project related memos, oral presentations, memos, posters, and written progress and final reports. The present paper describes the design process followed by a group of three senior students starting from understanding the problem and developing conceptual designs to the end product. CAD tools such as AutoCAD and ABAQUS were used to complete the design, build a prototype, and test it.
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Fu, Kelvin, Aaron J. Knobloch, Fabian C. Martinez, David C. Walther, Carlos Fernandez-Pello, Al P. Pisano, Dorian Liepmann, Kenji Miyaska, and Kaoru Maruta. "Design and Experimental Results of Small-Scale Rotary Engines." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/aes-23635.
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Abstract A research project is currently underway to develop small-scale internal combustion engines fueled by liquid hydrocarbons. The ultimate goal of the MEMS Rotary Internal Combustion Engine Project is to develop a liquid hydrocarbon fueled MEMS-size rotary internal combustion micro-engine capable of delivering power on the order of milli-watts. This research is part of a larger effort to develop a portable, autonomous power generation system with an order of magnitude improvement in energy density over alkaline or lithium-ion batteries. The rotary (Wankel-type) engine is well suited for the fabrication techniques developed in the integrated chip (IC) community and refined by the MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) field. Features of the rotary engine that lend itself to MEMS fabrication are its planar construction, high specific power, and self-valving operation. The project aims at developing a “micro-rotary” engine with an epitrochoidal-shaped housing under 1 mm3 in size and with a rotor swept volume of 0.08 mm3. To investigate engine behavior and design issues, larger-scale “mini-rotary” engines have been fabricated from steel. Mini-rotary engine chambers are approximately 1000 mm3 to 1700 mm3 in size and their displacements range from 78 mm3 to 348 mm3. A test bench for the mini-rotary engine has been developed and experiments have been conducted with gaseous-fueled mini-rotary engines to examine the effects of sealing, ignition, design, and thermal management on efficiency. Preliminary testing has shown net power output of up to 2.7 W at 9300 RPM. Testing has been performed using hydrogen-air mixtures and a range of spark and glow plug designs as the ignition source. Iterative design and testing of the mini-engine has lead to improved sealing designs. These particular designs are such that they can be incorporated into the fabrication of the micro-engine. Design and fabrication of a first generation meso-scale rotary engine has been completed using a SiC molding process developed at Case Western Reserve University. The fabrication of the micro-rotary engine is being conducted in U.C. Berkeley’s Microfabrication Laboratory. Testing of the mini-engine has lead to the conclusion that there are no fundamental phenomena that would prevent the operation of the micro-engine. However, heat loss and sealing issues are key for efficient operation of the micro-engine, and they must be taken into account in the design and fabrication of the micro-rotary engine. The mini-rotary engine design, testing, results and applications will be discussed in this paper.
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Megdadi, Mohammad, Hamed Nikfarjam, Mohammad Okour, Siavash Pourkamali, and Fadi Alsaleem. "A Three Degree of Freedom Model Approach to Enable a MEMS-Based Neural Computing Unit." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90498.
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Abstract With enormous amounts of data being generated every day from countless sensors and sensor networks, the need for intelligent devices to process and make use of this data continues to grow and is only projected to increase. The advent of wearable technologies has exacerbated this problem, and with researchers struggling to process data locally with small power budgets, it is clear a solution is needed. Micro-electromechanical (MEMS)-based innovation will have high impact on these issues. MEMS devices can process computing taskes in the hardware level which consumes almost no power (nW). They are very small in size and do the classification without the need of storing the data which boosts up the power saving. Toward this goal, simulation results for a MEMS network to perform basic neural computing is shown in this paper. The network is made up of a mechanically connected network of three electrostatically controlled microstructures, two of which serve as input layers and the third as output (computing) layers. The mechanical coupling was achieved through stiffnesses connecting the masses of the MEMS. It has been demonstrated that such a device may be programmed to distinguish between a ramp (gradually growing) input signal and a step (abruptly rising) by applying suitable bias voltages to the electrostatic control electrodes. The findings serve as a proof of concept and founding to completing more sophisticated computational tasks using MEMS and opening a new direction for alternative efficient computing technologies compared to current digital computing.
Reports on the topic "MEMS CAD project"
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Barajas, Jesus, Lindsay Braun, Amanda Merck, Bob Dean, Paul Esling, and Heidy Persaud. The State of Practice in Community Impact Assessment. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-011.
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The objective of this research was to provide recommendations to the Illinois Department of Transportation for updating and revising the “Community Impact Assessment Manual” in accordance with the latest research and practice. The guide incorporated findings from a literature review, a scan of state department of transportation (DOT) community impact assessment (CIA) guidance and manuals, a survey of practitioners from state DOTs involved in CIA, and a series of interviews with those same practitioners to recommend process updates. According to the Federal Highway Administration, community impact assessment can be defined as “an iterative process to evaluate the effects of a transportation action on a community and its quality of life,” which includes elements of health, safety, air quality, connectivity and access, and equity. Six states had publicly available CIA guidance. While all manuals provided basic guidance, some were more detailed in prescribing analytical methods for different types of impacts or provided more structure for conducting the analysis, such as report templates, technical memos, interactive screening tools, field visit checklists, and community context audit forms. According to surveys and interviews with state DOT practitioners, DOTs varied in how or whether they conducted CIA, whether they screened for the need for CIA in advance of conducting it, and what factors they consider when conducting them. A few DOTs had innovative practices with respect to CIA, such as mapping tools, an equity and health assessment, and robust community engagement. The CIA guidance produced as a component to this project constitutes the state of the art in practice, including quantitative and qualitative analytical methods for screening and methods for conducting and documenting CIA. The guidance also emphasizes equity in the assessment process.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.