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1
Robertson, Chuck Lewis. "An examination of processing resource and knowledge structure contributions to memory for younger and older adults across a range of performance levels." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131344/unrestricted/robertson%5Fchuck%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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McGuire, Christy L. "Memory monitoring intervention for healthy older adults." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29331.
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Derwinger, Anna. "Develop your memory strategies! : self-generated versus mnemonic strategy training in old age : maintenance, forgetting, transfer, and age differences /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-309-4/.
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Woo, Chin-pang. "The effect of emotional memory on older adults experiencing normal aging and late-life depression." Click to view E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37105267.
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胡展鵬 and Chin-pang Woo. "The effect of emotional memory on older adults experiencing normal aging and late-life depression." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37105267.
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Zinke, Katharina, Melanie Zeintl, Anne Eschen, Carole Herzog, and Matthias Kliegel. "Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134747.
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Background: Old-old age (80+ years) is associated with substantial cognitive decline. In this population, training-induced cognitive plasticity has rarely been studied. While earlier findings on strategy trainings suggested reduced training gains in old-old age, recent results of an extensive process-based working memory (WM) training have been more positive. Objective: Following up on previous research, the present study aimed at examining the effects of a short WM training in old-old adults and the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Methods: A training group (mean age: 86.8 years) and a matched control group (mean age: 87.1 years) participated in the study. The WM training consisted of five tasks that were trained in each of 10 sessions. To evaluate possible transfer effects, executive functions were assessed with two tests before and after training. The training group was divided via median split in high- and low-capacity individuals to determine the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Results: The training group improved in four of the trained tasks (medium-to-large effects). Training gains were significantly larger in the training group than in the control group in only two of those tasks. The training effects were mainly driven by the low-capacity individuals who improved in all trained tasks. No transfer effects were observed. Conclusions: These positive effects of a short WM training, particularly for low-capacity individuals, emphasize the potential for cognitive plasticity in old-old age. The absence of transfer effects may also point to its limitsDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Zinke, Katharina, Melanie Zeintl, Anne Eschen, Carole Herzog, and Matthias Kliegel. "Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age." Karger, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27594.
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Background: Old-old age (80+ years) is associated with substantial cognitive decline. In this population, training-induced cognitive plasticity has rarely been studied. While earlier findings on strategy trainings suggested reduced training gains in old-old age, recent results of an extensive process-based working memory (WM) training have been more positive. Objective: Following up on previous research, the present study aimed at examining the effects of a short WM training in old-old adults and the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Methods: A training group (mean age: 86.8 years) and a matched control group (mean age: 87.1 years) participated in the study. The WM training consisted of five tasks that were trained in each of 10 sessions. To evaluate possible transfer effects, executive functions were assessed with two tests before and after training. The training group was divided via median split in high- and low-capacity individuals to determine the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Results: The training group improved in four of the trained tasks (medium-to-large effects). Training gains were significantly larger in the training group than in the control group in only two of those tasks. The training effects were mainly driven by the low-capacity individuals who improved in all trained tasks. No transfer effects were observed. Conclusions: These positive effects of a short WM training, particularly for low-capacity individuals, emphasize the potential for cognitive plasticity in old-old age. The absence of transfer effects may also point to its limits.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Feldman, Christina. "Working memory for multifeature visuospatial stimuli in normal aging /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0015.
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Kliegl, Reinhold, Jacqui Smith, and Paul B. Baltes. "Testing-the-limits, expertise, and memory in adulthood and old age." Universität Potsdam, 1986. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3906/.
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This research has three interrelated foci: (i) engineering and testing a cognitive model of expert memory, (ii) the study of intellectual reserve capacity and (iii) the use of a testing-the-limits methodology to
magnify and delineate age differences in limits of reserve capacity. The assumption is that age differences are magnified if studied at high levels of expertise or task difficulty. Results from age-comparative point training studies in expert memory are reported. Both young and elderly subjects reached high levels of skilled memory, confirming the model. However, despite this sizeable reserve capacity, when compared to IQ-eguivalent young adults, superior elderly showed decline in upper limits of function.
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Milwain, Elizabeth J. "An evaluation of memory loss in old age and Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312195.
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Orchard, Rebecca J. (Rebecca Jean). "Memory and Attention in the Healthy Elderly." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278970/.
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This study investigated the influence of age and health status on verbal and visual memory and attention. The objective was to select subjects resembling participants in normative studies, and to contrast the genuinely healthy component with the "contaminants." A rigorous and detailed self-report of health status plus a standard neurological examination were used to screen and divide subjects into two health status groups: normal and super healthy. It was speculated that the strong effect of age on memory and attention commonly found among the elderly would be diminished with more restrictive control over health status.
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Wells, Gregory D. "The role of memory self-efficacy in memory performance and performance estimation accuracy in old age." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62335.pdf.
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Downes, J. J. "Aspects of automatic information processing in old age dementia and depression." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384354.
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Todd, Jo-Anne. "Age Related Changes During Adulthood in Cognitive Processes Reliant on the Pre-Frontal Cortex: Attention, Inhibitory Control, Working Memory and Relational Processing." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367957.
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The frontal lobe hypothesis of ageing proposes that cognitive functions associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are more susceptible to age-related changes than those supported by other brain regions (e.g., Dempster, 1992; West, 1996). Age-related declines previously demonstrated in working memory (e.g., Bopp & Verhaeghen, 2005), inhibitory control (Dempster, 1992), executive attention (e.g., West, 2004) and fluid intelligence (Horn & Cattell, 1967), have been linked to changes in PFC functioning. Relational processing also depends on the integrity of the PFC (e.g., Christoff et al., 2001), but research on age-related declines in relational processing is limited (Andrews & Todd, 2008; Viskontas, Holyoak, & Knowlton, 2005; Viskontas, Morrison, Holyoak, Hummel, & Knowlton, 2004).
Unlike previous research which tended to focus on a single construct, the current research investigated age-related changes in executive attention, inhibitory control, working memory and relational processing. Distinctions within three constructs were also of interest. Three aspects of inhibitory control (response inhibition, task-set switching and inhibition in memory retrieval) were examined. Relational processing was examined in four tasks, three of which involved items at two or more levels of complexity. Working memory was examined using simple span and complex span tasks. The test battery of 16 tasks assessed these constructs as well as speed of processing, crystallized and fluid intelligence, and frontal functioning (Tower of London). It was administered to a sample of 125 normally ageing adults who ranged in age from 18 years to 92 years with all age decades represented.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Griffith Health
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Stein, Renee. "Negative age stereotypes and older adults' memory performance : an examination of age stereotype activation and underlying mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29329.
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Gilchrist, Amanda L. "Decreases in working memory capacity for sentence stimuli with adult aging." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5075.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 26, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Cromwell, Sandra Lynn. "Antecedents and consequences of perceived memory adequacy in elders." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186230.
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The purpose of this study was to test one theoretical explanation for elders' perceived current adequacy of everyday remembering, and the antecedent perceptions, values and beliefs, and consequent feelings related to this perception. Fourteen hypotheses, deduced from the theory of subjective forgetfulness in elders (Cromwell, 1991), tested one theoretical explanation for the relationships among: Personal Importance of Remembering, Perceived Seriousness of Forgetting, Perceived Frequency of Forgetting, Belief in a Relationship between Aging and Memory Decline, Belief in a Personal Health Risk for Memory Decline, Perceived Current Adequacy of Everyday Remembering, Distress about Current Forgetting, Concern about Future Forgetting and Self Esteem in elders. Multiple regression analysis of the data obtained from 202 community based elders, age 65 to 97, supported the assertions that perceiving self to forget frequently negatively influenced elders' judgments of their current memory adequacy and increased their distress about current forgetting. Believing that one had risk factors for memory decline influenced the current distress experienced about forgetting, and the level of concern about future memory. Present concerns about forgetting, in response to perceived frequency of forgetting and perceived risks, influenced in part the degree to which the present situation was viewed as a warning sign of potential progressive future decline. Concerns about memory and forgetting influenced elders' level of self esteem. Intriguing differences in the relationships among antecedent perceptions, values and beliefs, and consequent feelings about self were discovered between older and younger elders, and between elders who highly valued remembering and those for whom remembering was of lesser importance. Future research to expand our understanding of the subjective experience of forgetfulness in elders and potential future intervention research to increase perceived memory adequacy and decrease present and future concerns were proposed.
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Geva, Anat. "Semantic hyperpriming in dementia of the Alzheimer's type : a distributed representation approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27483.
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Semantic knowledge was investigated in patients diagnosed with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) by means of an off-line probe question battery and an on-line measurement of semantic priming in a lexical decision task (LDT) that varied the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The patients' performance on the detailed probe questions showed that their semantic deficit was confined primarily to animate concepts, characterized by visual descriptive features. In the primed LDT, demented patients demonstrated increased semantic priming compared to age-matched controls. A trend was also found indicating that for both normal controls and DAT subjects the priming magnitude decreased as the SOA increased. These results are interpreted in terms of a distributed representation of semantic knowledge that is impaired in demented patients.
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Worledge, George. "Determinants in the adult recall of autobiographical childhood memories." n.p, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Carswell, Lisa Marie. "Prediction of memory and language performance in normal elderly Canadians : implications for the assessment of premorbid cognition in early Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37335.pdf.
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Batsakes, Peter J. "Age-related differences in dual-task search understanding the role of component task learning in skilled performance /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000, 2000. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07142005-145714/unrestricted/batsakes%5Fpeter%5Fj%5F200008%5Fphd.pdf.
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Lam, Wai-tak Ronny. "Validation of modified fuld object-memory evaluation (FOME) for screening of geriatric population with cognitive impairment in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35508152.
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Johnson, Lori Ann. "The role of activity level for memory in the elderly." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1554.
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Old, Susan. "Who did what? age-related differences in memory for people and their actions /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4601.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 20, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Stein, Rebecca Renee. "The effects of age stereotype priming on the memory performance of older adults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29987.
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Sinclair, Starlette M. "Reality monitoring, metacognitive accuracy, and aging: expanding the view on age-related deficits for source information." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44788.
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The research presented here focused primarily on an attempt to bridge the two literatures of source memory and metameory on the topic of 'monitoring'. The contributions were two-fold: an investigation of the viability of a metacognitive judgment for SM: the judgment of source learning (JOSL), and a simultaneous investigation of the relationship of age and 'monitoring' in source memory and metacognition. In the first experiment, young participants (18-25 years of age) were asked to predict (using JOSLs) whether they would be able to discriminate between pictures that were presented to them during study, images of words they generated during study, or words they never studied in a later memory test. Participants made either immediate or delayed JOSLs (on a 0-100 scale) for each item presented during the study phase. Experiment 2 was a cross-sectional study comparing young and old adults (60-80 years of age) using a modified version of the previous task. In both experiments, intraindividual correlations of JOSLs with SM (gammas) indicated that delayed JOSLs were accurate predictors of future SM performance. There were no effects of age on gamma correlations of JOSLs with SM. Based on these results, although SM showed an age-related deficit, metacognitive predictions of SM did not show this same effect.
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Feldman, Christina. "Working memory for multifeature visuospatial stimuli in normal aging." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0015.
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[Truncated abstract] The aim of the present series of studies was to identify barriers to working memory for multifeature visuospatial stimuli in normal aging. Memory for multifeature stimuli requires retention of multiple visuospatial features, as well as the relationships between features within stimuli, known as memory binding. In Experiment 1, younger people (17-25 years) and older people (66-95 years) completed a modification of Wheeler and Treisman’s (2002) visual change detection task, to determine the effects of normal aging on memory binding, and memory for multiple features ... Results indicated that older people did not have a memory binding decrement compared to younger people. Further, younger people performed more accurately when cued to attend to a specific feature, while older people’s performance did not improve with cueing ... Experiment 2 employed the binding condition and the ‘either’ condition, with stimuli presented either sequentially or simultaneously. Results were consistent with Experiment 1, with no age-related binding decrement, regardless of the method of stimulus presentation. In Experiment 1, older people demonstrated a shape memory decrement compared to younger people. Experiments 3A and 3B were performed to determine whether this result did represent a memory decrement per se, or whether it was a consequence of a shape perception decrement ... Compared to younger people, older people demonstrated a similar performance decrement across shape perception and memory tasks, indicating that their performance was mediated by an underlying perceptual decrement. Experiment 4 was conducted to determine if older people had difficulty selectively attending to a feature across multifeature stimuli, as suggested by their failure to benefit from cueing in Experiment 1 ... Older people had a greater performance decrement when the irrelevant feature was incompatible with the correct response, compared to younger people, consistent with a selective attention decrement. Experiment 5B adapted the design of Experiment 4 to both a perception task and a working memory task, while Experiment 5A identified appropriate stimulus features to use in Experiment 5B ... Overall, older people do not have particular difficulty remembering multiple visuospatial features, or binding these features within working memory. Rather, older people’s performance was marked by difficulty selectively attending to a specified feature across multifeature stimuli.
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Nussbaum, Paul David 1963. "Qualitative aspects of memory performance in depressed versus demented elderly." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276623.
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This study investigated quantitative and qualitative aspects of memory in three age-and-education-matched groups (1) 38 normal elderly, (2) 15 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), and (3) 26 depressed elderly. Three clusters of dependent variables were used to examine group differences: (1) standard psychometric (Wechsler Memory Scale logical memory and visual reproduction subtests), (2) verbal recall measures (free recall measures of primary memory, secondary memory, prior item intrusions and extra list intrusions), and (3) verbal recognition memory measures (true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative responses). Analyses of variance, with specified contrasts, found the DAT patients to demonstrate a pervasive memory impairment affecting both the qualitative and quantitative memory indices compared to depressed and normal elderly. The depressed elderly demonstrated impairment, compared to normal elderly, on tasks requiring effortful processing. Findings support pervasive memory loss in DAT patients and do not support clear memory impairment in the present depressed sample.
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Farrimond, Samantha, and n/a. "The effects of aging on remembering intentions : the virtual street task." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070322.142811.
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In everyday life memory is commonly used in the completion of future intentions, such as remembering to attend a meeting or remembering to make a purchase at a particular time or place. The ability to remember to complete future intentions plays an important role in older adults maintaining independent living within the community (Cherry & LeCompte, 1999). The studies presented in this thesis evolved out of the lack of current understanding about which component processes involved in remembering future intentions are most susceptible to the effects of aging. In order to investigate these processes, a computer-based analogue of a real-life task was developed (the Virtual Street) that enabled participants to complete a series of intentions (shopping errands) during a simulated visit to a shopping centre.
There were two main objectives of this thesis. The first objective was to examine whether the Virtual Street shopping task was appropriate for assessing older and younger adults ability to remember to complete delayed intentions and whether the task had better ecological and face validity than current assessment measures. The second objective was to identify the cognitive processes involved in the task that were vulnerable to the effects of aging, and whether the process of recognising the cues or the memory search of the intention content would be affected. In order to examine these cognitive processes, various factors were manipulated in ways designed to be analogous to real-world situations, which were hypothesized to be sensitive to the effects of aging. These factors include: a change in the location where an intention can be realised (Study 1), the opportunity to learn the intentions (Study 2), the familiarity of the shopping environment (Study 3), and the presence of distractions (Study 4).
Overall, the results from the four studies demonstrated that older adults have difficulty remembering delayed intentions, even when the test uses naturalistic stimuli, the tasks are familiar, and they are able to move at their own pace. Furthermore, the results from Study 2 demonstrated that the memory search component but not cue detection was affected in older persons when they were given fewer trials to learn the shopping errands, possibly due to the accessibility of the cue-intention associations may be impaired in older adults. There was no age specific effect on cue detection or memory search in either an unfamiliar street environment (Study 3) or one with increased levels of irrelevant auditory and visual noise (distraction condition, Study 4). In the interruption condition of Study 4, however, cue detection but not memory search was disproportionately affected in older adults after filled interruptions, suggesting that the capacity for self-initiated reinstatement of working memory is reduced in old age.
In general, the Virtual Street task was to be a practical means of examining younger and older adults ability to remember to complete delayed intentions. The Virtual Street task also provided an opportunity for behavioural observation of real-life skills and cognitive abilities, within a controlled context. It is hoped that the Virtual Street shopping task will continue to be developed into an ecologically valid measure of assessing older adults memory functioning.
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Laumann, Lisa L. "Adult age differences in vocabulary acquisition as a function of individual differences in working memory and prior knowledge." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=614.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 78 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-38).
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Hyland, Cheryl A. "The effect of Alzheimer's disease on nutrition in relation to taste, smell, and memory." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01122010-020210/.
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Buettner, Karen Elise. "The path of memory : an affective approach to design for dementia in the elderly." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23922.
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Bondi, Mark William 1964. "Implicit and explicit memory in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276974.
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Several tasks examined implicit and explicit memory in matched samples of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and healthy elderly subjects. Lexical priming, pursuit-rotor tracking, and a fragmented pictures test, followed by explicit memory tests, were given. AD patients were impaired on all explicit tests and on lexical priming, but were intact on pursuit-rotor tracking and the procedural learning (PL) component of the fragmented pictures test. PD patients were significantly better than AD patients on all explicit memory tests, but were selectively impaired on the PL component of the fragmented pictures test. Finally, a mirror reading test was given to the PD patients and matched control subjects, with no significant differences in performance between the two groups demonstrated. Results are discussed in terms of hypothetical cognitive processes and brain circuits underlying different explicit and implicit memory domains.
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Kilb, Angela. "Paying attention to binding is the associative deficit of older adults mediated by reduced attentional resources? /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4259.
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Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 10, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Kane, Amy E. "The effect of delay on conceptual and perceptual priming in Alzheimer's disease relationship to attention and cortical activation /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] ; University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356291.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83).
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McCann, Geoff. "The Use Of The Cognitive Status Examination In Detecting Cognitive Impairment In Elderly People." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1538.
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Dementia is a growing social problem in Australia because as the population ages, the incidence of dementia increases. While the prevalence rates are only about I% at age 65, they double every five years until by 85 years of age the rate is over 24%. It is expected that by the year 2030, the number of elderly people with dementia will increase by 200%. Dementia is easily recognized in its advanced stages but can be overlooked in the early phase. Family members, care-givers and even the treating medical practitioner may mistakenly attribute the early decline in mental function to the normal aging process. A diagnostic instrument that is easy to administer and score yet is sensitive and specific to the detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly may prove to be of significant benefit to clinicians and assist care-givers and family members in treatment decisions, accommodation requirements and the timely provision of a range of support services. This study investigates the use of the Cognitive Status Examination (CSE) for detecting brain impairment in elderly people. The Cognitive Status Examination comprises the Cognitive Difficulties Scale and a Letter Symbol Substitution Task. It was developed as a screening instrument to detect Alcohol Related Brain Impairment and has proved to be 80% sensitive and 88% specific in detecting brain impairment in that group. This study extended those results to males and females aged 65 years and over with early dementia. A sample of 58 community-dwelling, elderly people aged 65 years and above and a clinical sample of 44 in-patients who were diagnosed with early dementia completed the Cognitive Status Examination. An existing groups, quasi-experimental research design was used. The Cognitive Status Examination proved to be marginally useful as a screening instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly people with early stage dementia with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 93% when the original cut-off scores were used. A revised cut-off score, determined by trial and error, was developed. This resulted in a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 77.3%, but even with such ad hoc adjustments the CSE fell marginally short of the required 80% for both specifications. Use of the CSE may enable clinicians to utilize existing resources more effectively by referring elderly people in need to appropriate medical care, accommodation and community support services, but further research is required to confirm the revised cutting scores for the CSE. Regression analysis showed that a combination of the raw LST score and the BDI score gained over 90% sensitivity and specificity, and such an actuarial approach also shows promise for future development.
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Merema, Matthew Robert. "The Distinct Contributions of Affective Distress and Personality to Memory Complaints Made in Older Adulthood." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1467.
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Whilst a substantial amount of research has investigated the role of affective distress and features of personality in memory complaints made by older adults, little effort has been directed towards understanding their distinct contributions to complaints. Given considerable overlap between affective distress and features of personality, such evidence is necessary to inform theoretical frameworks pertaining to memory complaints and clarify results from other empirical studies examining these concepts. Consequently, the current study examined symptoms of depression and anxiety as predictors of memory complaints within the context of features of personality and other relevant contextual variables (i.e., age, gender, education, premorbid intellectual functioning and memory performance) utilizing a correlational design. Study participants included 177 (115 females, 62 males) community-dwelling older adults between 65 and 90 years of age. The results of the study unanimously suggested that affective distress (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptomatology) was not associated with memory complaints beyond pertinent features of personality and other relevant contextual variables. This finding was consistent regardless of how memory complaints were assessed (i.e., General Frequency of Forgetting scores or via a global, dichotomous measure) or how affective distress was conceptualized (i.e., overall or specific features of depression and anxiety). The results suggest changes to several theoretical frameworks in the memory complaint literature are necessary, if the results can be replicated with different variable measures. From a clinical perspective, the results of the current study suggest older adults complaining of memory difficulties may exhibit an ongoing risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, the results also help to clarify why cognitively-healthy older adults who complain of memory problems exhibit an increased risk of subsequent dementia.
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Lam, Wai-tak Ronny, and 林偉德. "Validation of modified fuld object-memory evaluation (FOME) for screening of geriatric population with cognitive impairment in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010730.
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Shai, Yee-man. "Effects of computer presentation formats on learning among elderly and younger adults the role of cognitive abilities /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35804440.
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PINHO, Érika Bezerra de Menezes. "O tempo bom do farol: transgressão, sociabilidade e afeto nas trajetórias de ex-prostitutas idosas." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3562.
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PINHO, Érika Bezerra de Meneses. O tempo bom do farol: transgressão, sociabilidade e afeto nas trajetórias de ex-prostitutas idosas. 2012. 239f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2012.Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-26T14:28:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_EBMPinho.pdf: 5009161 bytes, checksum: 01a3897ed26b8bb80ad4038975fa1bcc (MD5)
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O tempo bom do Farol": Transgression, sociability and afection in trajectories of elderly former prostitutes. Resumo This dissertation was built upon narratives of stories of elderly women's lives who worked as prostitutes in the area known as Farol do Mucuripe, in Fortaleza, from 1960 to 1980. For this work, were used methods of oral history, combined with ethnographic strategies, such as the interpretation of cultural meanings and practices presented in the speeches of the interviewees, as well as the presence of the researcher in the district of Serviluz, where they reside, in order to create a network of relationships favorable to the development of this research. The contents of the speeches were the basis for the choice of central categories of the final analysis, namely the characteristics of sociability in that prostitutional context, the supposed transgressive aspect of the practices and discourses and the presence of affect as a component of the modality of prostitution described by the interviewees. Confronted with restrictive models to the experience of womanhood, the women surveyed were part of the collective construction of a sui generis way to become a woman, in which the personal efforts were directed to the search for subjective autonomy. Throughout this process, however, the characters in this study maintained compliance with traditional values about sexuality and the role of women in society. It is concluded that the practice of prostitution in red-light area known as Farol, during the reported decades, helped to strengthen the established morals. Thus, the existence of a specific place for sexuality outside the institution of marriage allowed that the noncompliance of social norms occurred in an organized and non-transgressive way.
Esta dissertação foi elaborada a partir de narrativas de histórias de vida de seis mulheres idosas, que exerceram o meretrício na zona do Farol do Mucuripe, em Fortaleza, nas décadas de 1960 a 1980. Para este trabalho, foram utilizados métodos da história oral, aliados a estratégias próprias do fazer etnográfico, que incluíram a interpretação dos significados culturais presentes nas falas e práticas das pesquisadas, assim como a presença da pesquisadora no bairro Serviluz, onde as mesmas residem, de modo a criar uma rede de relações própria ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Os conteúdos apresentados nas falas foram a base de escolha das categorias privilegiadas na análise final, a saber: as características da sociabilidade nos contextos prostituintes referidos, o suposto aspecto transgressor das práticas e discursos e a presença do afeto como componente da modalidade de meretrício descrita pelas entrevistadas. Diante de modelos restritos para a vivência da condição feminina, as mulheres pesquisadas fizeram parte da construção coletiva de um modo sui generis de se tornar mulher, em que os esforços pessoais eram dirigidos à busca de autonomia subjetiva. Ao longo deste processo, entretanto, as personagens deste estudo mantiveram a conformidade com valores tradicionais sobre a sexualidade e o papel da mulher na sociedade. Conclui-se que a prática da prostituição na zona de meretrício do Farol, nas décadas relatadas, concorreu para o reforço da moral estabelecida. Assim, a existência de um local reservado para a sexualidade fora da instituição do casamento possibilitava que o descumprimento à norma social ocorresse de forma organizada e não-transgressora.
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Pinho, Ãrika Bezerra de Meneses. "O Tempo Bom do Farol: TransgressÃo, Sociabilidade e Afeto nas TrajetÃrias de Ex-Prostitutas Idosas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8062.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta dissertaÃÃo foi elaborada a partir de narrativas de histÃrias de vida de seis mulheres idosas, que exerceram o meretrÃcio na zona do Farol do Mucuripe, em Fortaleza, nas dÃcadas de 1960 a 1980. Para este trabalho, foram utilizados mÃtodos da histÃria oral, aliados a estratÃgias prÃprias do fazer etnogrÃfico, que incluÃram a interpretaÃÃo dos significados culturais presentes nas falas e prÃticas das pesquisadas, assim como a presenÃa da pesquisadora no bairro Serviluz, onde as mesmas residem, de modo a criar uma rede de relaÃÃes prÃpria ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Os conteÃdos apresentados nas falas foram a base de escolha das categorias privilegiadas na anÃlise final, a saber: as caracterÃsticas da sociabilidade nos contextos prostituintes referidos, o suposto aspecto transgressor das prÃticas e discursos e a presenÃa do afeto como componente da modalidade de meretrÃcio descrita pelas entrevistadas. Diante de modelos restritos para a vivÃncia da condiÃÃo feminina, as mulheres pesquisadas fizeram parte da construÃÃo coletiva de um modo sui generis de se tornar mulher, em que os esforÃos pessoais eram dirigidos à busca de autonomia subjetiva. Ao longo deste processo, entretanto, as personagens deste estudo mantiveram a conformidade com valores tradicionais sobre a sexualidade e o papel da mulher na sociedade. Conclui-se que a prÃtica da prostituiÃÃo na zona de meretrÃcio do Farol, nas dÃcadas relatadas, concorreu para o reforÃo da moral estabelecida. Assim, a existÃncia de um local reservado para a sexualidade fora da instituiÃÃo do casamento possibilitava que o descumprimento à norma social ocorresse de forma organizada e nÃo-transgressora.
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Shai, Yee-man, and 佘綺雯. "Effects of computer presentation formats on learning among elderly andyounger adults: the role of cognitiveabilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35804440.
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Caliskanel, Gamze. "The Relationship Between Working Memory, English (l2) And Academic Achievement In 12-14 Year-old Turkish Students: The Effect Of Age And Gender." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615726/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between working memory, English as a second language and academic achievement of secondary school students between the ages of 12-14. The study also examines the effects of age and gender factors on working memory capacity and its relation with academic attainments. Data were collected from 12-14 year-old children (N=54) in two state secondary schools in Kirsehir, Turkey. Verbal working memory was assessed by a reading span (RS) test and a backward digit span (BDS) test. Academic achievement was determined by performance on basic secondary school courses which were English (foreign language), Turkish (mother tongue), Social Sciences, Mathematics and Science. The study examined the predictive role of working memory capacity on success on each course. The results revealed that verbal working memory tests significantly correlated with the tests of both general academic achievement (for RS: r=42, for BDS: r=43) and specific courses (.001&lep <
.01). The results also indicated that verbal working memory capacity had a far more predictive role on school success for females than males.
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Unkrich, Diane Michelle. "Neuropsychological test adaptation into Greek a comparative study of cognitive-linguistic performance in older adults /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1145306672.
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LaPorte, Kenna Lee. "The effects of gender and impairment on social contact and leisure activities of community elders." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834131.
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Older Americans will comprise 22.9% of the population by the year 2050 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1989). The literature has focused attention on the informal networks and leisure activities of the older adult. Most older adults have an effective network of close relationships with family and friends.Schein (1985) suggests that impaired hearing reduces communication resulting in social withdrawal and diminished participation in leisure activities. Only recently has research addressed the impact of subjective memory impairment. The literature on self-reported memory complaints and objective measures of performance are mixed.The purpose of this study was to better understand the role self-reported hearing impairment and memory impairment have on the social contact and leisure activities of community adults. Results indicate that gender is a significant indicator of social contact. The hypothesis that individuals reporting memory difficulties would differ significantly in social contact and leisure activities from unimpaired individuals was supported. No significant multivariate effect appeared for hearing on social contact or leisure activities.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Killen, Claire V. "Ageing and episodic memory : combining neuropsychological and event-related potential approaches to investigate strategic retrieval." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1722.
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This thesis investigates the effect of normal ageing on the strategies adopted during episodic memory retrieval, using a combination of neuropsychological profiling and neuroimaging data measured during performance on a source memory exclusion task. The exclusion task is a type of source memory task where participants distinguish between targets (studied items from one source e.g. female voice), non-targets (studied items from another source e.g. male voice) and new items. Unlike a source memory task where three separate buttons are pressed for each item at test, in the exclusion task one button is pressed for targets and a second for non-target and new items. As this task is more complex than a normal source memory paradigm and also allows participants to perform the task in more than one way, it places high emphasis on the use of strategies to facilitate retrieval and is therefore ideal for investigating strategic retrieval. Previous source memory studies have shown that while older adults are reasonably good at recognising whether items are old or new, they show marked impairments at remembering the source in which items were presented at study. Dual process theories propose that the age-related decline in source memory occurs because recollection becomes impaired with ageing whereas familiarity remains relatively spared. The results reported in this thesis support dual process theory. Experiment 2a showed that, behaviourally, as expected, the young outperformed the elderly. Event-related potentials (ERPs), recorded while a source memory exclusion test was performed, revealed that both young and older adults showed bilateral frontal and left parietal old/new effects, thought to index familiarity and recollection respectively. Importantly, the magnitude of the left parietal effect was significantly reduced in the older adults. The ERP findings also suggested that dual process theories represent an oversimplification of episodic memory decline with age. In Experiment 1a, three temporally and topographically distinct late frontal old/new effects were present in the younger adults: a bilateral anterior frontal effect (450-900ms post stimulus), a right prefrontal effect (900-1300ms) and a right frontal effect (1300-2000ms). Significant positive correlations between the magnitude of these effects and performance on neuropsychological tests of executive functioning in Experiment 1b, revealed that the bilateral anterior frontal effect was related to working memory, strategy use and planning; the right prefrontal effect was related to working memory and planning while the right frontal effect was related to planning. By contrast, the older adults in Experiment 2a only produced the right frontal effect, which correlated with planning across all three time windows in Experiment 2c. Post-retrieval monitoring in older adults therefore appeared to be qualitatively different than their younger counterparts. Performance on the neuropsychological tests in Experiment 2b, revealed that the older adults’ working memory and strategy use was impaired compared to the young, whereas planning was relatively intact, suggesting that age-related differences in post retrieval processing may be due to reduced executive functioning in older adults. Identifying distinct late frontal effects and demonstrating a relationship between these effects and specific executive functions is a novel finding. The presence of a left parietal target greater than non-target difference in the young adults from Experiment 1a and 2a was interpreted as the young reducing recollection of irrelevant non-target information. The modulation did not differ in magnitude for targets and non-targets in the elderly adults from Experiment 2a, suggesting they were less able to reduce activation of goal irrelevant non-target information. The results in the young adults from Experiment 1a also highlight the importance of considering the context of source information on the processes engaged at retrieval. The bilateral frontal effect was significant for the retrieval of the intrinsic context (source information inherent to the studied item), but not the extrinsic context (source information not inherent to the studied item). This finding was interpreted within a unitisation framework, where the intrinsic context became unitised with the item and enhanced familiarity based remembering. The findings also highlight that in order to fully understand post retrieval processing in both young and old adults, focus should move away from examining quantitative differences in the right frontal effect over long time periods and instead identify qualitatively distinct late frontal effects that may reflect the engagement of various executive functions over time.
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Wiechmann, April. "The Utility of the Spatial Span from the Wechsler Memory Scales in a Geriatric Population with Cognitive Impairments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30527/.
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Performance on the Spatial Span subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale has been viewed as an indicator of working memory and visuospatial processing. A number of factors including age and gender have been posited to effect performance on Spatial Span by older adults. The current study examined the impact of various forms of cognitive impairment and severity of impairment on Spatial Span performance. Five hundred thirty-eight individuals between the ages of 65 and 89 were evaluated in a university memory disorders clinic using a battery of neuropsychological tests that included Spatial Span. Participants were grouped by consensus diagnosis into type of cognitive impairment (Alzheimer's disease, vascular disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment or non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment) or cognitively normal. As expected, an increase in severity of impairment results in a decrease in Spatial Span Total Score. Other findings included a weak relationship between age and Spatial Span Total Score. Gender, as well as age, did not fully account for the decline in Spatial Span Total Score. Spatial Span Forward score was not as good a predictor of severity in that reduction in score for Spatial Span Forward remains relatively stable regardless of level of impairment. Spatial Span Backward performance was found to be more sensitive to severity. No significant differences were found between performance of Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease suggesting they share similar deficit patterns with regard to the cognitive abilities measured by the Spatial Span subtest. A comparison between those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and individuals without such a diagnosis showed no significant difference suggesting that visuospatial processes are not affected early in the dementing process.
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Laubrock, Jochen. "Proportional slowing in old adults is modulated by episodic memory demands : an investigation of age-related slowing using compatible and arbitrary stimulus-response mappings." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/187/.
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Das dominante Datenmuster im Bereich des kognitiven Alterns ist der Alters-x-Komplexitätseffekt. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob das Muster statt durch einen üblicherweise postulierten unspezifischen durch einen spezifischen Mechanismus erklärt werden kann: die mit dem Alter abnehmende Reliabilität episodischer Akkumulatoren. In sechs Reaktionszeit-Experimenten wurden junge und ältere Erwachsene verglichen, dabei wurden frühe kognitive (Stroop-Bedingung) und episodische Schwierigkeit (Reiz-Reaktions-Zuordnung) orthogonal manipuliert. Die vorhergesagte Dreifachinteraktion der beiden Faktoren mit dem Alter zeigte sich über die Experimente hinweg relativ konsistent. Eine modifizierte Brinley-Analyse ergibt deutlich unterschiedliche Steigungen der Regressionsgeraden im Alt-Jung-Raum für niedrige und hohe episodische Schwierigkeit. Als methodischer Beitrag wird im Anhang ein zur modifizierten Brinley-Analyse passendes Regressionsmodell entwickelt, das aus einigen einfachen Verarbeitungsannahmen folgt. Es wird gezeigt, dass in einer klassischen Brinley Metaanalyse die Steigung neben der theoretisch interessierenden Varianz von theoretisch uninteressanter Zwischen-Experiment-Varianz beeinflusst wird.The age-by-complexity effect is the dominant empirical pattern in cognitive aging. The current report investigates whether a specific high-level mechanism---an age-related decrease in the reliability of episodic accumulators---can account for the age-by-complexity-effect, which is commonly assumed to be caused by an unspecific, low-level deficit. Groups of younger and older adults are compared in six reaction time experiments, using orthogonal manipulations of early cognitive difficulty (e.g., Stroop condition) and episodic demands (e.g., stimulus-response mapping). The predicted three-way interaction of age and the two factors was observed fairly consistently across experiments. A modified Brinley analysis shows that different regression slopes in old-young-space are required for conditions with low and high episodic difficulty. As a methodological contribution, a Brinley regression model following from certain simple processing assumptions is developed. It is shown that in contrast to a standard Brinley meta-analysis, the regression slopes in this model are not influenced by theoretically un-interesting between-experiment variance.
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Sousa, Gerson de. "Memória e velhice: entre a imaginação na arte de contar histórias e a emoção ao narrar a história vivida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-30042009-101336/.
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O objetivo desta tese é analisar como as táticas e estratégias empregadas pelos velhos no cotidiano instigados pelos trabalhos de contadores de história no asilo Lar Betel, em Piracicaba, e a Oficina de Memória para reconstruir a história de Campinas contribuem para pensar o sujeito no processo de comunicação no Brasil. Ao partir da história oral, a tese busca entender o significado da cultura popular em uma modernidade em crise. A proposta metodológica se sustenta em analisar o momento de ação do sujeito diante da ação da racionalidade da estrutura. Recusa-se aqui a afirmativa da morte do homem diante de um mundo padronizado. Ao partir da análise da memória subterrânea, esta pesquisa se sustenta na fundamentação teórica dos trabalhos alternativos e na contextualização da história de vida dos velhos. A contradição exibe a luta do homem no cotidiano. A lágrima, o sorriso, o silêncio, o sonho de vida ou o sonho noturno indicam a intensidade em que pulsa a vida. Em vez da morte, o velho ressignifica o sentido da vida no asilo e na cidade. A pluralidade do homem é assim construída no tempo e espaço. A lucidez vem no momento em que o testemunho oral conduz o velho ao estado de consciência do eu e da sociedade onde atua.The objective of this thesis is to analyse how the tactics and strategies used for the old people everyday urged for the work of the story tellers in the Lar Betels home, in Piracicaba, and the memory workshop to reconstruct the history of Campinas contribute to think the subject in the communications process in Brazil. Starting from the oral history, the thesis searchs to understand the meaning of the popular culture in a modern time in crisis. The methodologic proposal is based on analysing the moment of subjects action before the action of the racionality of the structure. Its refused here the affirmative of the mens death before a standard world. Starting from the analysis of the underground memory this research is based on the theoric basis of the alternative works and in the contextualization of the history of the olds life. The contradiction shows the mans fight everyday. The tear, the smile, the silence, the dream life or the nocturnal dream shows the intensity that life pulsates. Instead of death, the old give a new significate to life in home and in town. The plurality of the men is like this build in time and space. The lucidy comes in the moment of the oral evidence leads the old to the state of conscience of self and the society where its influences.
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Santos, Katia Ricci dos. "Imagens e narrativas de uma instituição asilar e da velhice, construidas por tres segmentos distintos : idosos moradores, gestores e voluntarios." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252520.
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Orientador : Margareth Brandini ParkDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A fim de contribuir para a melhoria das instituições de longa permanência, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como três segmentos distintos ? asilados, voluntários e gestores ? constroem e ressignificam a história de um asilo e as suas histórias de vida a partir dos vínculos institucionais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa instituição de longa permanência, a Vila São Vicente de Paulo, fundada em Atibaia - SP em 1924. A metodologia usada foi a pesquisaação, utilizando-se no processo de reconstrução da história institucional e da história dos sujeitos imagens fotográficas do acervo oficial associadas à história oral. A análise dos dados foi composta: a) da visão panorâmica das narrativas individuais produzidas da seleção de imagens; b) discussão dos principais temas levantados em cada segmento associando-os aos conceitos encontrados na literatura: afetividade na velhice asilada, declínio físico e finitude (asilados), valorização das atividades e dos relacionamentos sociais (voluntários) e visão administrativa do cuidar de velhos (gestores); c) interpretação das fotografias excluídas. A afetividade e a sexualidade dentro do asilo são vividas de forma emblemática, ou seja, há estratégias do cotidiano, como as festas, para poder expressá-las. A finitude é um tema constantemente presente no discurso. Os voluntários pretendem ser o vínculo com o mundo externo e proporcionar atividades sociais consideradas fundamentais. Existe a preocupação dos gestores em administrar a instituição oferecendo mais do que alimentação, cuidados de saúde e habitação, mas a maioria sente que não tem formação gerontológica para fazê-lo
Abstract: Intending to improve the long-term care institutions, this study aims to analyze how three distinguished groups - dwellers, volunteers and managers - affect na institution's history and the new significance of their own lives concerning their relationship with it. The research was developed in Vila São Vicente de Paulo, a long-term care institution in Atibaia, SP, founded in 1924. The methodology used was action-search using photographs from the institution?s collection, and oral history throughout the history reconstruction. Data analysis involved three steps: A) overview of the individual narratives, recorded from the chosen photographs, b) discussion of the themes considered the most important ones for each group na linking them with concepts of the literature: affect in the old age in an institution (for the elderly), bodily decay and finitude (dwellers), valorization of activities and social relationship (volunteers) and perceptions of caring for older persons (managers); c) interpretation of the photographs which were not chosen. Affection and sexuality in the institution are dealt with in symbolic ways, with daily strategies like parties and events. The theme finitude is frequently mentioned somehow. The volunteers intend to link institution and extramural community, and provide activities considered (by them) fundamental. the managers concern about caring for the institution and offering more than only proper alimentation, health caring and homes, but many consider themselves insufficiently prepared concerned knowledge
Mestrado
Gerontologia
Mestre em Gerontologia