Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Memory – Effect of glucose on'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Memory – Effect of glucose on.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Memory – Effect of glucose on.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Messier, Claude. "Effect of glucose on memory : examination of possible mechanisms." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74362.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has shown that ingestion of sucrose or injection of glucose following a learning experience can improve an animal's memory for that experience. The present work was directed towards elucidating the mechanisms by which sucrose and glucose produce this effect. Memory was tested by determining the effects of post-training injections of various substances on a conditioned emotional response. Glucose itself exerted a dose-dependent bidirectional action on retention. This action was shown not to depend on particular blood glucose levels. Insulin did not improve retention at any of the doses tested. Fructose, a sugar that does not cross the blood-brain barrier produced a dose-response effect on retention similar to that of glucose suggesting that fructose and glucose may act through a common peripheral mechanism. The observation of a memory improvement following injections of either 2-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylgucose, two non-metabolized glucose analogs, suggested that the effect of glucose on retention may be due to an action on glucose transport and not to any metabolic effects of glucose. Two peripheral organs were examined for their possible involvement in the memory-improving action of glucose. This action was shown not to be dependent on the adrenal medulla which has been implicated in the action of other mnemoactive treatments. Partial denervation of the liver produced a partial attenuation of the effect of glucose on retention. The results are discussed in terms of the action of reinforcers on endogenous physiological mechanisms that modulate memory consolidation.
2
White, Lynn H. "Task-specific effects of glucose and stress on memory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44628.pdf.
Full text
3
Christian, Leonie Marie. "The effect of glucose on memory and aspects of cognitive function." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541645.
Full text
4
Hope, Christopher. "Glucose administration effects on sensorimotor function and declarative memory." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580354.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aimed to examine the effects of glucose drink administration on sensorimotor function (studies 1 - 3) and declarative memory (study 4). Glucose had no effect on a modified version of the Hick task in study 1. However in study 2 we observed that glucose slowed reaction times (RTs) during the initial performance of the Eriksen flanker task. One possible reason for this effect is that glucose only slows sensorimotor function when a response is weakly associated with a stimulus, such as at the beginning of task performance. In study 1 stimulus-response (S-R) associations may have been too strong to observe a glucose slowing effect. Here participants performed a greater number of training trials and stimuli were arguably mapped more directly to a response compared to study 2. In study 3 we tested the hypothesis that glucose slows sensorimotor function when S-R associations are weak. Here we used a letter version of the Eriksen flanker task and kept S-R association consistently low by changing the stimulus set to a novel pair of letters every 80 trials. We found that glucose constantly slowed RTs for the duration of this task, a result which is congruent with the hypothesis that glucose slows sensorimotor function when S-R associations are weak. In study 4 we focused on the effects of glucose administration on declarative memory function and sought to determine whether glucose affected the encoding of stimuli in a word recognition task. Here we used ERPs as an online measure of encoding processes. Our findings were that glucose enhanced recognition performance, replicating the well established effect that glucose- facilitates declarative memory. Furthermore, during encoding, glucose affected ERP components associated with early sensory processing, visual word-form generation, lexical/semantic access and long-term memory encoding/consolidation. Furthermore there was a correlation between recognition performance and the degree to which glucose amplified the N400 component, an ERP potential associated with lexical/semantic access. The results of this study therefore indicate that glucose modulates encoding processes and that these effects may, at least partially, underlie the glucose facilitation of declarative memory.
5
Abrams, Darren G. "Dopaminergic system involvement in the memory, modulating effects of glucose." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/MQ45204.pdf.
Full text
6
Catherine, Nicole. "The relationships among the effect of carbohydrates on blood glucose, appetite, food intake, mood and memory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0015/MQ54155.pdf.
Full text
7
Horne, Pamela. "The effects of glucose on the memory and attention of newborn human infants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/MQ64372.pdf.
Full text
8
Horne, Pamela. "The effects of glucose on the memory and attention of newborn human infants /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30668.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether glucose enhanced memory for a repeated auditory stimulus in human newborns. Infants consumed water or glucose (2-g/kg) solution. Memory test phases were: Orientation (turning towards the stimulus); Habituation (not turning towards), indicating familiarity; Delay (100 seconds); Spontaneous Recovery (stimulus representation: not turning towards indicates remembering, while turning towards indicates forgetting), and Novelty (turning towards a different word confirms wakefulness). Decreased head-turning towards during Spontaneous Recovery indicates enhanced memory. Blood glucose levels were measured after testing."Glucose" infants had higher blood glucose levels than "water" infants (p < 0.001). "Glucose" infants had significantly decreased turns towards during Spontaneous Recovery compared to "water" infants (p = 0.008), indicating memory enhancement.
Therefore, glucose specifically enhances memory for a repeated auditory stimulus in newborn humans. Elevating blood glucose levels by approximately 2 mmol/L appears to be sufficient for memory enhancement in healthy newborns.
9
Wilson, Hanna Jade. "The effects of glucose on memory, attention and speed of information processing in healthy, young adults /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SSPS/09sspsw7462.pdf.
Full text
10
Elliott, Jade M. "The impact of glucose and glucoregulation on memory." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3674/.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of glucose on memory has been investigated for in excess of 25 years, with some consensus generated amongst the literature indicating that glucose has a facilitating effect. However, the robustness of the glucose effect has been questioned, with a considerable body of evidence reporting no glucose facilitation of memory. It has been suggested that glucoregulatory control may be a key mediating factor of the glucose effect. Glucoregulatory control and cognitive functioning are intrinsically linked, with cognitive impairments a common feature in populations presenting with poor glucoregulatory control such as diabetics, Alzheimer‘s disease sufferers, schizophrenics and the elderly. Although again the evidence has proven contradictory, with evidence to suggest that both better and poorer glucoregulators are more / less susceptible to the glucose effects on cognition. Verbal declarative memory has been reported to be the most reliably enhanced aspect of memory to benefit from a glucose effect. However, it is not yet clear whether verbal declarative memory as a whole is being facilitated, or whether the different phases of memory (encoding, consolidation, retrieval etc.) are differentially targeted. Consequently the primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of glucoregulatory control and glucose, on the different phases of verbal declarative memory. This was achieved through the use of novel paradigms employed previously within the cognitive sciences literature. Chapter 2 addressed a secondary aim of this thesis; investigating the current gap in the literature pertaining to the effect of glucose administration on cognition in children. Chapter 3 investigated the types of recognition (recollection and familiarity) that were made subsequent to a glucose load, using the 'remember/know' paradigm. Chapter 4 investigated encoding efficiency during the item method directed forgetting paradigm, in which participants actively attempt to forget specific stimuli through cessation of encoding. In chapters 5 and 6 the potential mediation of inhibition processes was explored, with both semantically related (Retrieval Induced Forgetting paradigm) and orthographically similar but semantically unrelated stimuli (Memory Blocking Effect paradigm). The tentative evidence presented in this thesis indicates that glucoregulatory control may mediate the glucose facilitation effect during the encoding phase, with better regulators seemingly benefiting from greater encoding benefits than poorer following glucose. Glucose was not observed to influence inhibition processes, or types of recognitions made. However, better glucoregulators exhibited more efficient adaptive inhibition (overcoming inhibition of blocking items to continue searching the lexicon and increased inhibition of semantically related competing stimuli). Administration of glucose did not mediate cognition in children, with the exception of an impairment of performance on a challenging reaction time task following 20 g of glucose. Memory phases are seemingly differentially affected by glucose administration, with the effect mediated by glucoregulatory control. Utilising the paradigms employed here (or similar) to investigate a range of populations presenting with cognitive decline/glucoregulatory control, would further allow the glucose and glucoregulatory effects on the different phases of memory to be further disentangled.
11
Meikle, Andy. "Glucose and memory : towards a condition based hypothesis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251044.
Full text
12
Owen, Lauren. "The effect of glucose on cognition." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538621.
Full text
13
Krebs, Desiree L. "Glucose modulation of the septo-hippocampal system implications for memory /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09272006-142645/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Marise B. Parent, committee chair; Timothy J. Bartness, Kim L. Huhman, Kyle J. Frantz, committee members. Electronic text (352 p. : ill.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-352).
14
Krebs-Kraft, Desiree Lynne. "Glucose Modulation of the Septo-Hippocampal System: Implications for Memory." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/22.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive evidence suggests that glucose has both positive and negative effects on memory and these effects likely involve an influence on the brain. For instance, direct infusions of glucose into the septum (MS) or hippocampus can enhance or impair memory. The present set of experiments attempted to determine the different conditions that dissociate the memory-enhancing and -impairing effects of glucose in rats. Specifically, these experiments examined the effects of glucose in spontaneous alternation, a measure of spatial working memory and shock avoidance, an index of emontional long-term memory. The results showed that the memory-impairing effects of MS infusions of glucose are not concentration-dependent. These data also indicated that the memory-impairing effects of MS glucose elevations are specific to gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA receptor activation but do not depend on increases in MS GABA synthesis or release. Importantly, we showed that the memory-impairing interaction between MS glucose and GABA agonists does not generalize to the hippocampus, suggesting the memory-modulating effects of glucose are brain region-dependent. We showed further that these brain region-dependent effects of glucose are not due to difference in basal extracellular glucose levels. Moreover, these findings showed that the memory-enhancing effects of hippocampus glucose override the memory-impairing interaction between MS glucose and GABA. These findings are important because they are the first to show that the memory-modulating effects of glucose are both neurotransmitter- and brain region-dependent. Furthermore, these findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the memory-impairing effects of MS glucose may involve compromised hippocampal function. These data also suggest the memory-impairing effects of MS co-infusions of glucose with GABA agonists likely involve an influence on the GABAergic SH projection. Finally, these findings demonstrate the mnemonic and neurochemical consequences of glucose in the MS and hippocampus, two brain regions affected by normal aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes.
15
Schneider, Christiane N. "False-memory construction : the effect of memory confidence /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/schneiderc/christianeschneider.pdf.
Full text
16
Puthanveetil, Prasanth Nair. "Glucocorticoid and its effect on cardiac glucose utilization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5038.
Full textAbstract:
Glycogen is an immediate source of glucose for cardiac tissue to maintain its metabolic
homeostasis. However, its excess brings about cardiac structural and physiological
impairments. Previously, we have demonstrated that in hearts from dexamethasone
(DEX) treated animals, glycogen accumulation was enhanced. We examined the
influence of DEX on glucose entry and glycogen synthase as a means of regulating the
accumulation of this stored polysaccharide. Following DEX, cardiac tissue had limited
contribution towards the development of whole body insulin resistance. Measurement of
GLUT4 at the plasma membrane revealed an excess presence of this transporter protein
at this location. Interestingly, this was accompanied by an increase in GLUT4 in the
intracellular membrane fraction, an effect that was well correlated to an increased
GLUT4 mR.NA. Both total and phosphorylated AMPK increased following DEX.
Immunoprecipitation of AS 160 followed by Western blotting demonstrated no change in
Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 in DEX treated hearts. However, there was a
significant increase in AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172, which correlated well with
AS 160 phosphorylation. In DEX hearts, there was a considerable reduction in the
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, whereas GSK-3-β phosphorylation was
augmented. Our data suggest that AMPK mediated glucose entry, combined with
activation of glycogen synthase and reduction in glucose oxidation (Qi, D., et al. Diabetes
53:1790, 2004), act together to promote glycogen storage. Our data suggest that in the
presence of intact insulin signaling, AMPK mediated glucose entry, combined with
activation of glycogen synthase and the previously reported reduction in glucose
oxidation, act together to promote glycogen storage. Should these effects persist chronically, they may explain the increased morbidity and mortality observed with long
term excesses in endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids.
17
Chen, Mimi Zhu. "The effect of bariatric surgery on glucose homeostasis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665171.
Full textAbstract:
Bariatric surgery is very effective at inducing weight loss and diabetes resolution in morbidly obese patients. Whether WL or increased incretin response is the crucial factor in normalising diabetes is still debatable. This thesis work prospectively investigated how bariatric surgery affected insulin action and beta-cell function in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. Understanding these can help us to optimise diabetes treatments in patients with morbid obesity. I first discussed how obesity affects insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, evidences that bariatric surgery is superior to conventional medical therapy at inducing weight loss and euglycaemia, and its associated mechanisms. I concluded that more robust data are needed to understand the effects of LAGB and RYGB surgery on glucose homeostasis, as this will have clinical implications for patients undergoing bariatric surgery (Chapter 1). I then described and justified the methods used for investigating insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the two studies (GLIPO and ISP) that make up this thesis (Chapter 2). I demonstrated that at 1 week post-op, improvements in glycaemia, insulin sensitivity and weight were the same in all patients, despite unilateral increase in incretin responses in the RYGB group. At 18 months I found that RYGB (n=32) had induced greater weight loss than LAGB (n=17). This resulted in better glycaemic control, further insulin sensitivity enhancement and marked improvements in insulin secretion and pancreatic secretory reserve in this group (Chapter 3&4). Finally, I demonstrated that marked weight loss after RYGB normalised insulin signalling (PI3K-Akt), but not glucose uptake in muscle. This suggested that major defects in the insulin signalling pathway still exist and may explain why not all patients can achieve diabetes remission after RYGB (Chapter 5). In conclusion, the degree of weight loss, not enhanced incretin response, is the major determinant of glycaemic improvement after bariatric surgery. This improvement is first brought about by improvements in insulin sensitivity followed by improvements in insulin secretion.
18
Garley, Claire Louise. "The effect of verbal memory impairments on memory for narrative." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414062.
Full text
19
Quinn, C. E. "Vascular function in impaired glucose tolerance : Effect of pioglitazone." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501394.
Full text
20
Inteeworn, Natalie. "The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Dogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32030.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Canine hypothyroidism is thought to cause abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, but the effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity has not been determined to date.
Hypothesis/Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether hypothyroidism has an effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in dogs. We hypothesized that hypothyroidism causes insulin resistance.
Animals: Sixteen euthyroid bitches were randomly selected and allocated into two groups. In 8 dogs, hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 1 mCi/kg I-131. Experiments were performed on non-anesthetized, fasted dogs in anestrous approximately 12 months after hypothyroidism was induced.
Methods: The insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) and minimal model analysis were used to determine basal insulin and glucose concentrations, acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness (SG) and the disposition index (DI).
Results: In the hypothyroid group, basal glucose concentrations were mildly decreased (P = 0.0079), whereas basal insulin was increased (P = 0.019). Insulin sensitivity was reduced in the hypothyroid group (P<0.001), whereas AIRg was higher (P=0.01). Other parameters were not different between groups.
Conclusions/Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism negatively affects glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin resistance. In hypothyroid dogs, the disposition index (insulin sensitivity x insulin secretion) remained unchanged due to a compensatory increase in insulin secretion, thereby maintaining glucose tolerance. In cases with impaired insulin secretion, such as canine diabetes mellitus, concurrent hypothyroidism can have important clinical implications in the successful management of the disease.Master of Science
21
Malaikah, Honaida Muhammed S. "Stochastic volatility models and memory effect." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/stochastic-volatility-models-and-mempry-effect(424f6c71-a0e7-44ba-afbb-cc5f74ae075c).html.
Full text
22
Winnick, Jason Joseph. "Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157551296.
Full text
23
Winnick, Jason J. "Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1157551296.
Full text
24
Pidduck, Clare. "Studies of the effect of glucose on insulin-secreting cells." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35128.
Full textAbstract:
The long terra effects of glucose on the rate of (pro) insulin biosynthesis and the amount of preproinsulin mRNA in rat islets maintained in tissue culture were investigated. The rate of (pro)insulin synthesis was 35 times greater in islets cultured for 6 days in 8 mM glucose than it was in islets cultured in 4 mM glucose. The preproinsulin mRNA content at this time was 2 fold greater in islets incubated with 8 mM glucose compared to 4 mM glucose. The rate of (pro)insulin synthesis and the preproinsulin mRNA content of islets cultured at 8 mM glucose were maximal since no further significant increases were observed in islets cultured at 16 mM glucose for 6 days. These results indicate that the long term effects of glucose on the rate of (pro)insulin synthesis in rat islets of Langerhans is mediated both by transcriptional and translational events and that translational events exert the major controlling influence.
25
Duwaihy, Mansour Mohammad. "Effect of dietary fat on glucose tolerance in the rat." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326901.
Full text
26
Tabidi, I. "The effect of glucose on cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18944/.
Full textAbstract:
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as an energy-sensing protein that is activated by a variety of metabolic stresses. Recent studies suggest that AMPK is also regulated by hormones and by nutrients such as glucose and fatty acids. In skeletal muscle it was previously shown that AMPK activity was decreased with increasing glucose concentration. In the present study both the activity and the Threonine-172 phosphorylation of AMPK in incubated rat ventricular cardiac myocytes were found to be decreased by increasing glucose in the presence and absence of palmitate. Glucose also caused a decrease in the AMPK-driven phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Measurements of the myocyte contents of ATP, ADP, AMP and glycogen showed that the effect of glucose on AMPK activity could not be secondary to changes in the levels of these metabolites. The decrease in AMPK activity with glucose was additive to and distinct from the effect of insulin which is mediated through protein kinase B (PKB). Increasing glucose concentration had no effect on the phosphorylation of Threonine-308 and Serine-473 in PKB. AICAR, a pharmacological activator of AMPK, had no effect on the ability of glucose to inactivate AMPK. The myocyte content of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolite xylulose 5-phosphate (Xu5P), a known allosteric activator of PP2A, was increased with increasing glucose concentration such that AMPK activity was inversely related to Xu5P content. The glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor diehydroepiandeosterone (DHA) and thiamine, the precursor of the coenzyme for transketolase, both increased AMPK activity whereas the NADPH oxidant phenazine methosulphate (PMS) decreased AMPK activity. DHA and PMS respectively decreased and increased flux through the PPP. The findings suggest that inactivation of AMPK by glucose may be mediated by the activity of the PPP which sets the level of Xu5P. Two other findings were also made during the course of this project. First, the activity of phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) in the perfused heart was previously shown to be activated through phosphorylation by AMPK. It was therefore expected that increasing glucose concentration would decrease myocyte PFK-2 activity. However PFK-2 activity was found to be increased by glucose. Second, the phosphorylation of Threonine-308 in PKB in response to insulin was appreciably increased in the presence of AICAR suggesting that there may be crosstalk between AMPK and the insulin signalling pathway at the level of PKB.
27
Gao, Quanying. "Working memory load and Stroop interference effect." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1393.
Full textAbstract:
Although the effect of working memory (WM) load on the magnitude of distractor interference has been studied extensively, a common characteristic in prior research is that the target and distractors belong to different objects. The present experiments investigate the effect of WM load on distractor interference when the relevant and irrelevant information is part of the same object. In two experiments, participants saw stimulus displays that consisted of a memory set followed by a Stroop color stimulus. The tasks were to respond to the color of the stimulus first and then to a memory probe. The principal manipulations were the relationship between the color and meaning of the Stroop stimulus (neutral vs. incongruent) and the level of WM load (high vs. low). The results show that WM load had little effect on the magnitude of Stroop interference. These results were consistent with previous research which shows that WM load plays a limited role in the efficiency of selective attention when the extent of attentional focus was held constant across different WM load conditions. They also emphasize the importance of stimulus structure in understanding selective attention in general, and distractor processing in particular.
28
Stokes, Dawn. "The effect of trauma on autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3801/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents five studies which investigate the effect of trauma on autobiographical memory in both adult and adolescent population samples. Previous literature has found overgeneral recall to the cueing task in both abuse and other trauma population samples and reduced personal semantic recall in abuse population samples. This series of studies confirmed that poor semantic recall is a feature of the aftermath of abuse, both adolescent clinical and adult non clinical. Furthermore reduced semantic recall was apparent in an adolescent burn injured population sample. Episodic recall was measured using the cueing task with emotional cue words and the Children's Autobiographical Memory Interview, a semi structured interview based on lifetime periods. Consistent with the adult literature, traumatised adolescents demonstrated slower response latencies and overgeneral recall to the cueing task. Deficits were also found in recall to the lifetime periods on the CAMI and in the adolescent burn population samples these were further analysed in relation to the burn accident. However, the non clinical adult population sample demonstrated no significant differences on the cueing task and better episodic recall. In addition, a preliminary report suggested that the Means End Problem Solving task could be developed as an indirect autobiographical memory task.
29
Vo, Annie Phuong. "Glucose Metabolism in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11025.
Full textAbstract:
Under normal conditions, non-transformed cells rely on glycolysis followed by
oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATPs. When oxygen is scarce or when cells are
actively proliferating, cellular ATPs come mainly from glycolysis. Pyruvate is converted into lactate to allow glycolysis to continue. Interestingly, cancer cells have adapted to favor lactate production even at normal oxygen tensions, exhibiting a metabolic shift known as the Warburg effect. However, the metabolic state of other cellular constituents within the tumor remains mostly unknown. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells. They aid tumor growth and metastasis by providing growth factors, cytokine, ECM remodeling proteins and interacting with other tumor stromal cells. Here I show that the Warburg effect also operates in stromal fibroblasts of the tumor microenvironment. Using mass spectrometry, genetic mouse models, gene expression and methylation studies, I demonstrate that CAFs from human and mouse mammary tumors exhibit hyperactive glycolysis and a metabolic shift towards lactate production. Furthermore, this phenotype may be sustained through epigenetic modifications of endogenous hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, key regulatory enzymes fructose-bisphosphatase 1 and pyruvate kinase M2. Depletion of stromal fibroblasts or suppression of lactate production specifically in these cells alters the metabolic profile of not only the tumors but also the cancer cells and results in impeded tumor growth. These results collectively suggest that tumor growth is dependent on metabolic state and metabolic support of stromal fibroblasts, highlighting these cells as attractive therapeutic targets in controlling cancer progression.
30
Kawano, Yuichi. "Effect of hyperglycemia on glucose transport and intracellular signal transduction in skeletal muscle /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3593-9/.
Full text
31
Reaves, Sarah Anderson. "The effect of retrospective attention on memory systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53558.
Full textAbstract:
Prior research has shown that visual working memory (VWM) performance can be improved via retrospective cues (“retro-cues”) that spatially indicate which item currently being held in working memory will be probed at test. These studies have utilized electroencephalography (EEG) methods to monitor contralateral delay activity (CDA) event related potentials (ERPs) and assert that retro-cues benefit memory by reducing effective memory load.
Here, we investigated the potential relationship between CDA amplitude and future long-term memory (LTM) performance. Emerging evidence from ERP and fMRI studies suggest that working memory maintenance can contribute to LTM formation, which suggests that memory systems are not as discrete as some models suggest. We investigated the hypotheses that A) the benefits afforded by the retro-cue in VWM will carry over into LTM, and B) CDA amplitude will be modulated by subsequent LTM performance. Results revealed that retro-cuing improved item accuracy at both VWM and LTM delays, suggesting that the two memory systems are interactive. Due to an insufficient amount of subsequent LTM misses, we were unfortunately too underpowered to detect a CDA depending on long-term memory performance. However, we found that posterior slow-wave potentials during the maintenance period did differ by subsequent LTM performance, which further suggests an interactive systems account of memory.
We also sought to investigate what exactly the retro-cue cues. Prior research has focused on memory for items, but no study has questioned if the retro-cue also enhances memory for item location. To this end, the present study investigated the effect of retro-cueing on both item identity and item location. LTM Behavioral results revealed a retro-cue benefit for item accuracy but no benefit for item location, suggesting that the retro-cue selectively cues item identity.
32
Peshdary, Vian. "Effect of Glucose on Human Adipogenesis and its Regulation by Macrophages." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35051.
Full textAbstract:
Adipose tissue expands via differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (adipogenesis) and/or hypertrophy of existing adipocytes. A low adipogenic capacity promotes adipocyte hypertrophy, causing inflammatory macrophage accumulation and insulin resistance. Macrophage-conditioned medium (MacCM) inhibits adipogenesis and promotes adipocyte inflammation, but it is unknown if these effects are altered by high glucose (HG) versus normal glucose (NG) concentrations. The effect of HG on adipogenesis was assessed. Human subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes were induced to differentiate in HG or NG conditions. HG did not affect adipogenesis. HG increased ChREBP-β mRNA and protein levels, and increased GLUT4 mRNA, in differentiated adipocytes. It did not change mRNA levels of ACC, SCD, and FAS. The increase in ChREBP-β mRNA was positively correlated with HG-induced increase in GLUT4 mRNA. The effect of HG-MacCM versus NG-MacCM on human adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation was compared. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were placed in NG or HG glucose for 24 hours to generate MacCM. HG-MacCM, but not NG-MacCM inhibited triacylglycerol accumulation and protein expression of PPARγ during human adipogenesis. Preadipocytes differentiated in HG-MacCM displayed a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, as assessed by increased MCP-1 and IL-6 and reduced adiponectin mRNA expression. HG increased phosphorylation of IKK-β and decreased protein expression of IκBα in MDMs. In addition, HG reduced protein expression of PPARγ in MDMs. The pro-inflammatory effect of HG-MacCM on MCP-1 expression in adipocytes was partially inhibited when MDMs were treated with sc-514 (IKKβ inhibitor). My data demonstrate that HG-induced expression of ChREBP-β in adipocytes may be associated with increased GLUT4 mRNA. The anti-adipogenic and pro-inflammatory effects of HG-MacCM are more potent than NG-MacCM. This suggests the possibility that adipose tissue cellular remodeling in vivo may be altered with hyperglycemia.
33
Oenzil, Fadil, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Effect of vitamin A deficiency on glucose uptake in the rat." Deakin University. School of Science, 1988. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.120816.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes an investigation of the effects of vitamin A deficiency on gut function, The central hypothesis to be tested was that acute vitamin A deficiency affects glucose uptake from the small intestine- The hypothesis was tested using a system involving perfusion of isolated segments of the small intestine in the anaesthetized rat. The system was used to study effects on glucose uptake under steady-state conditions.
In the initial part of the study, experiments were diverted towards setting up the system for measuring steady-state uptake, and determining the relative contributions of active uptake and diffusion. Phenol red was found to be a reliable non-absorbable marker for determining net water movement. Phlorizin, generally at 1 mmol/L, was used as a competitive (reversible) inhibitor of active uptake. It is difficult however to confirm complete inhibition of active uptake by phlorizin because of the limited solubility of the inhibitor.
The kinetics of glucose uptake f ram intra-luminal maltose were found to be, in general, not significantly different from those applying to the uptake of glucose from an equivalent glucose solution. Maltase activity in the perfused gut segment was found to be sufficient to hydrolyse most of the maltose (80 per cent or more) in the solution being perfused, a much greater proportion than was absorbed. Glucose absorptive capacity, measured on an intestinal dry weight basis, was greatest in the duodenum and progressively less in the jejunum and ileum.
The rate of water uptake f ran the gut was increased by the presence of glucose in the lumen, and was linked to glucose uptake as shown by the inhibition of water uptake by phlorizin. Uptake of glucose by solvent drag was demonstrated by showing an increased rate of glucose uptake when the rate of water uptake was increased by perfusing a solution of reduced osmotic pressure. In the experiment a low intra-luminal glucose concentration was used to preclude net uptake by diffusion and active uptake was blocked with phlorizin.
This process was further investigated using streptozotocin-diabetic rats in which the diabetes establishes a hyperosomotic blood with hyperglycaemia. Uptake by solvent drag was more obvious in diabetic animals. A back-diffusion (exsorption) of glucose from the tissues to the lumen was also shown; the rate being proportional to plasma glucose concentration.
Vitamin A deficiency was established in weanling rats after 6-7 weeks feeding on a diet based on wheat starch, coconut oil, and casein washed with hot ethanol, together with vitamins and minerals. The vitamin A deficiency led to classic eye signs and was reversed by the addition to the diet of retinoic acid (5 g/g diet). Vitamin A deficiency decreased intestinal mucus production (dry weight) but had no detectable effect on the histology of the villous epithelium as shown under the light microscope. Using perfusion experiments it was shown that vitamin A deficiency had no significant effect on the rate of active uptake of glucose, but that deficiency increased the rate of passive uptake.
34
Yang, Yi. "The effect of high glucose on APP metabolism and Abeta production." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44189.
Full text
35
Silva, Maria Catarina Coutinho Varela da. "Effect of surfactant on PDLC films with and without permanent memory effect." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10833.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaThe main goal of this work is to optimize the performance of the PDLC films with the introduction of an additive, in this case the triton X100. The polymer matrix of the PDLC is based on monomers, such as Tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with molecular weight of 875 which were thermal polymerized using α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Different aspects were investigated, such as the study of the dynamics of the transition ON/OFF state using a high-frequency alternate voltage and the attempt to minimize the liquid crystal anchorage force to the polymer matrix observed. The polymer morphology and the composites synthesized were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The PDLC films were also analyzed resorting to additional studies of differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy . Finally, the kinetic behavior of the PDLC films was studied. This part of the work was done with the goal to understand what was the impact of the increase amount of TX100 on the orientation and disorientation time of the LC molecules. Additionally, a fitting model was developed in order to describe the orientation and disorientation kinetic of the system. It was verified that the increase amount of TX100 modifies the initial anchorage force of the LC molecules to the polymeric matrix, decreasing it. This reflects on the increase of the permanent memory effect and decrease of the E90 of the PDLC films, verified also with the decrease of the average elastic constant, K, of the PDLC film. On this work, the best value for the permanent memory effect was 96% with an E90 of 2V/μm. However, this work also demonstrates that the kinetic of the system is independent of the amount of TX100, which means that the LC molecules orientate and disorientate at practically the same time with or without additive.
36
William, Stephen Anak. "Investigation into memory effect in organic semiconductor devices." Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429845.
Full text
37
Nyberg, Lars. "The enactment effect : studies of a memory phenomenon." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96886.
Full text
38
Lau, Siu-fung, and 劉兆鋒. "The effect of rumination state on working memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209558.
Full textAbstract:
Rumination is known as compulsive and recurrent self-focused thoughts concerning symptoms, causes and consequences of personal distress. Previous research suggested that the habitual use of rumination in daily life, especially among depressed patients, was related to working memory impairment. Here we examined how induced rumination affects the functioning of working memory. In our experiment, participants were randomly assigned to go through either rumination or distraction induction procedures. Then, they were assessed by a computer task in which they were asked to sort three words in either forward or backward order. The three words were either of negative or neutral valence. Accuracy and response latency were recorded to estimate the functioning of their working memory.
To examine the pure impact of state rumination on working memory, we recruited participants from healthy population in experiment 1. Recruiting non-depressed people helps isolate rumination from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) so that the effect of rumination state can be explored in the absence of the mood problems and cognitive deficits related to MDD. The relationship between trait rumination and working memory performance among non‐depressed people was also reviewed. It was found that participants’ accuracy in sorting negative words was lower than neutral words in forward sorting trials after rumination induction. This performance pattern was not observed in distraction group, implicating that rumination caused an increased difficulty for non‐depressed people to encode negative information when they were ruminating.
In experiment 2, we aimed at investigating the working memory performance when depressed patients were ruminating.
Depressed patients and matched healthy control were recruited to go through the same experimental procedures as in experiment 1. An elevated accuracy for negative words and an improved performance, in terms of higher accuracy and lower response latency, for forward sorting trials after rumination induction were observed. The finding suggested that state rumination caused depressed patients’ working memory to be more prepared to encode information, especially negative one.
The results demonstrated that the impact of rumination state on working memory is consistent with the principle of cognitive congruency. Information that is congruent with the self‐related representation tends to have preferential access to the working memory. Implication of our findings on MDD would be discussed in the light of the observed influence of rumination on working memory functioning.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
39
Chan, Xinni. "Survival Processing Effect on Memory for Social Information." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1490710246565186.
Full text
40
Lanning, Laura Ellen Rose. "Effect of goal discrepancy rumination on overgeneral memory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/20203.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study aimed to test predictions made by the self-memory system (SMS) model (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000), extensions of Williams et al.’s (2007) “capture and rumination” (CaR) mechanism (Debeer, Hermans, & Raes, 2009) and control theories of rumination (Martin & Tesser, 1996, 2006) in a non-clinical sample to further understand the processes underlying overgeneral memory (OGM). It was hypothesised that (i) ruminating on unresolved goals, compared to thinking about resolved goals, would increase OGM, in participants reporting high levels of trait brooding and (ii) that this effect would be greater following goal-cues that are derived from goal cues rated as (a) more important compared to those rated as less important; (b) more progress-discrepant compared to those rated as less progress-discrepant; (c) more relevant to unresolved goals compared to those that are rated as less relevant to unresolved goals. Method: A between-subjects factor of condition (resolved versus unresolved goal-focus induction) and a within-subjects factor of time (pre- and post-manipulation Minimal Instruction Autobiographical Memory Test [MI-AMT; Debeer et al., 2009]) design was utilised with 75 undergraduate and three masters psychology students (86.3 % female [n = 65]; age, M = 20.2 years, range = 18-43, SD = 4.9) from the University of Exeter. The MI-AMT was used to measure autobiographical memory (AM) specificity before and following a manipulation whereby participants were randomly assigned to either a control condition in which participants focussed on a resolved goal or an experimental condition which was designed to induce rumination about an unresolved (i.e., self-discrepant) goal. MI-AMT cues were adjectives relating to nomothetic goal-statements. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found neither an overall effect of condition nor an interaction between condition and brooding on AM specificity. Thus, induced rumination over unresolved goals did not lead to higher levels of OGM than induced focus on resolved goals amongst individuals high in trait brooding. Multilevel hierarchical regression found that the extent to which people high on brooding were less specific in the unresolved condition did not depend on the importance or progress-discrepancy ratings of the goal-statements from which the MI-AMT cues were developed, nor on the relevance of the goal-cues to the concern identified in the goal cueing task. Goal-cue relevance ratings showed a significant main effect on AM specificity qualified by an interaction with condition whereby participants reported decreasingly specific AMs in response to cues related to the concern after the resolved goal manipulation. Conclusion: These null findings suggest that rumination over unresolved goals may not increase OGM amongst non-clinical samples. A replication of this study should utilise state rumination checks to ensure that the goal cueing task successfully differentially induced state rumination between conditions. Further exploration of the role of reflection might elucidate which qualities of rumination are positively associated with OGM but not present in rumination about unresolved goals. Given that Williams et al.’s CaR mechanism was constructed to understand OGM in clinical depression, a replication of this study using a clinical sample may be a useful next step in testing predictions made by this theory.
41
Sangster, Joanne. "False memory : the effect of emotion and aging." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU232909.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the intricacies of false memory and whether emotional valence may play a part in the susceptibility of memory errors. In order to examine emotional memory performance a new experimental paradigm was developed: the categorised emotional images paradigm. Experiment 1a investigated the robustness of the paradigm and revealed enhanced memory performance especially for positive images and more conservative response biases for emotional (both positive and negative) images in younger adults. Possible confounding factors of arousal (Experiment 1b) and perceptual distinctiveness (Experiment 1c) were ruled out. Experiment 2 revealed that emotional distinctiveness and the subsequent re-experiencing of emotional images can be a facilitative method in protecting memory from errors but that secondary task requirements can hinder the capacity to use such sensitivities. Experiment 3 and 4 explored how remembering and knowing can be used as a method to disentangle and explore how the underlying processes in memory operate. Experiment 3 showed that there is maintenance of the conservative bias and gist recognition in aging but older adults lose the emotional recollective advantage that was present in the younger adults. Experiment 4 used an alternative paradigm using emotional faces to illustrate that the effects of valence are domain specific and indicates that it is exceptionally important for memory researchers to be flexible in how they approach emotion and memory interactions. It is especially important for memory research to be sensitive to the subtleties of the emotional paradigm under investigation.
42
Bradley, Helen Elizabeth. "Glucose transporter 4 and localisation in skeletal muscle : the effect of glucose and insulin administration, acute exercise and exercise training." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4832/.
Full textAbstract:
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Chapter 2 of this thesis develops an immunofluorescence microscopy method to generate novel information in human skeletal muscle on the effect of physiological stimuli on GLUT4 localisation, translocation to the plasma membrane and total protein content. Chapter 3 shows that training-induced increases in total GLUT4 protein content are driven by increases in the number of large and size of smaller intracellular GLUT4 storage clusters in human skeletal muscle. In chapter 4 the method successfully demonstrates GLUT4 translocation 30 min following glucose ingestion and 30 min after the start of moderate intensity cycling exercise in humans. GLUT4 translocation after glucose ingestion is transient and modest in comparison to the exercise response. Chapters 5 and 6 report no changes in GLUT4 translocation following an 80 min hyperinsulinaemic-isoglycaemic clamp in rats and a 2 h hyperglycaemic clamp in humans despite elevated rates of whole body glucose disposal in both experiments. This immunofluorescence method will be a valuable analytical tool in future studies investigating the mechanisms behind changes in muscle glucose uptake in response to obesity, age-related chronic diseases and therapeutic interventions including diet and exercise.
43
Duffner, Jack Patrick. "Synthesis of Benzimidazolone Glucose Uptake Inhibitors." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524832705752963.
Full text
44
Martino, Paul F. "The effects of dantrolene on post exercise glucose uptake." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020145.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between calcium and glucose uptake following muscle contraction with the use of the calcium channel blocker dantrolene. In previous studies an exercise model has been used to investigate the role of calcium during post-exercise glucose uptake. This study utilized electrical stimulation. It has been shown that exercise-induced glucose uptake is calciummediated, but to date no one has shown that glucose transport induced by electrical stimulation is calcium-mediated. Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 140 g were sacrificed and their epitrochlearis muscles were removed. Four treatment groups were established: control, muscle incubated in glucose (4mM); insulin, muscles incubated in glucose (4mM) and insulin (1000uU/ml); electrical stimulation, at 50 Hz for two five minute intervals separated by one minute rest periods; insulin (1000uU/ml) and electrical stimulation at 50 Hz for two five minute intervals separated by one minute intervals. Each group consisted of contain 8-10 muscle preparations. Glucose uptake was measured through the use of a double label of radioactive mannitol and 3-O-methylglucose and analyzed using liquid scintillation. This project followed a randomized group design. Treatments were measured with a one way ANOVA.School of Physical Education
45
McCabe, David P. "The effect of warnings on false memories in young and older adults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30285.
Full text
46
Richardson, Tara Beth Auad Maria Lujan Schwartz Peter. "Nanoreinforced shape memory polyurethane." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1934.
Full text
47
Tsukahara, Jason Seiichi. "The Role of Working Memory Resources in Mind Wandering: The Difference Between Working Memory Capacity and Working Memory Load." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/81.
Full textAbstract:
There is no consensus on the relationship between working memory resources and mind wandering. The purpose of the current study is to investigate whether mind wandering requires working memory resources to be sustained. The resource-demanding view is that mind wandering requires working memory resources to sustain an internal train of thought (Smallwood, 2010). The resource-free view is that mind wandering is a result of executive control failures and this internal train of thought proceeds in a resource-free manner (McVay & Kane, 2010). Participants were presented with thought probes while they performed a Simon task in single and dual task conditions. From the resource-demanding view, individuals with high WMC should experience more Task unrelated thought (TUT) in single and dual task conditions compared to those with low WMC. From the resource-free view, individuals with high WMC should experience fewer TUT compared to low WMC individuals. Results indicated that, WML eliminated the Simon effect for high WMC and reduced it for low WMC group. Mind wandering was decreased in dual task conditions however there was no effect of working memory capacity on mind wandering. Also, mind wandering correlated with task performance measures for the low WMC but not high WMC group. The results of the current study do not provide strong support for either a resource-demanding or resource-free view and are discussed in terms of a context dependent relationship between WMC and mind wandering
48
Clark, Louise Frances. "The effect of long-term high-dose n-3 PUFA on glucose and protein metabolism in subjects with impaired glucose regulation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192307.
Full textAbstract:
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been postulated to improve the insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes since the 1960s when observational studies in the Alaskan Inuit noted a reduced prevalence of type 2 diabetes when this population consumed a traditional diet. These findings were supported by animal studies but results of human intervention studies have been variable with most showing no change in glucose metabolism. More recent studies in growing farm animals suggested that muscle membrane phospholipids required to be enriched to a minimum of 14% n-3 PUFA in order for a change in insulin sensitivity to occur. This study sought to establish the effect of long-term (9 month) high-dose (3g/day) supplement of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism. Thirty-three subjects with impaired glucose regulation underwent hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic-euaminoacidaemic clamps pre- and postintervention of n-3 PUFA or a control (maize) oil. A second cohort who all received n-3 PUFA supplementation underwent pre- and post-intervention muscle biopsies. Secondary outcomes included an assessment of inflammatory status and determining whether erythrocyte membrane phospholipid could act as a surrogate for muscle membrane phospholipid. In the clamp cohort, there were no changes in glucose metabolism postintervention; however, there was an increase in insulin-stimulated protein metabolism following the fish oil intervention. In the biopsy cohort, no subject achieved 14% PUFA enrichment in muscle membrane phospholipids; however, all subjects who received n-3 PUFA supplementation did achieve a minimum of 14% enrichment of n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membrane phospholipid. In agreement with the majority of the literature, n-3 PUFA did not affect glucose metabolism. Insulin-stimulated protein metabolism was improved supporting the findings of another recent human study. These changes in protein metabolism may reduce the sarcopenia associated with aging, potentially delaying the progression of frailty.
49
Lai, Ya-Chi, and 賴雅琪. "Effect of catechins on learning memory ability, antioxidative status, blood glucose and insulin in senescence accelerated mice." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a39kan.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養研究所
94
Catechins were demonstrated to have antioxidant and redusing blood glucose capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of catechins on learning and memory ability, antioxidative status, blood glucose and insulin content in senescence accelerated mice. 3- and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice were divided into four groups: control group, 50, 200 and 800 ppm aqueous solutions of catechins(experimental groups). After 12 weeks of feeding, body weight, food intake, drink amount, aging score, open field activity test, single-trial passive avoidance and active shuttle avoidance test were performed during the experiment. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was analyzed before sacrificed. The biochemical parameters of serum were analyzed after sacrificed. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), malondialdehyde (MDA) , protein carbonyl and total thiol concentrations and insulin content, pathological examination of brain and pancreas. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the body weight, food intake, drink amount and locomotion among four groups. The aging score of experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group in the 3-and 6-month-old mice (p<0.05). In learning and memory test, experimental groups of 3-and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice had significantly better in active shuttle avoidance response and single-trial passive avoidance test (p＜0.05). The results of OGTT, experimental groups of 3-and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice had significantly lower than the control group on blood glucose at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes (p<0.05). In concentration of plasma insulin, experimental groups had significantly lower than the control group in before and 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes (p<0.05). The SOD activity was no significantly different in both 3-and 6-month old male and female mice. The catalase, GPx, glutathione reductase, G-6-PD activity and total thiol concentration, experimental groups of 3-and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice had significantly higher than the control group (p＜0.05). The MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations in the experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group. The β-amyloid protein deposition of brain, pancreas and insulin content were no significantly different in the 3-and 6-month male and female mice. From the findings of these results, the supplement of catechins may ameliorate learning and memory ability, antioxidative system and increase insulin sensitivity in SAMP8 mice.
50
Stefani, Mark Renato. "Central K-ATP channels modulate rat spontaneous alternation behavior : a potential mechanism for the memory-enhancing effects of D-Glucose /." 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9916349.
Full text