Journal articles on the topic 'Memory disorders – Diagnosis'
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O'NEILL, D., D. J. SURMON, and G. K. WILCOCK. "Longitudinal Diagnosis of Memory Disorders." Age and Ageing 21, no. 6 (1992): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/21.6.393.
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Dutkiewicz, Justyna, and Andrzej Friedman. "DIAGNOSIS OF AUTONOMIC DISORDERS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 4 (2020): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202004136.
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Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Among non-motor symptoms we distinguish psychotic disorders, memory disorders, autonomic disorders. The aim: In this article, we want to draw attention to the most common symptoms of dysautonomy in Parkinson’s disease, and the methods of their assessmen and therapy.
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Delgadillo, Mia, Megan Frank, Aidan Boese, Tilman Schulte, and J. Kaci Fairchild. "Psychiatric Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.944.
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Abstract Psychiatric disorders pose a unique risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prior research indicates psychiatric disorders in MCI increase AD vulnerability. Less research has been done to understand how psychiatric disorders may affect the development of MCI. Understanding these potentially modifiable risk factors is important as they may represent a potential target of intervention for secondary prevention of AD. The present study examines the relationship between psychiatric disorders and amnestic MCI (aMCI) in a sample of Veterans with subjective memory complaints. The sample included 150 older adults with subjective memory complaints (90% male, age = 70.6±8.2). aMCI diagnosis was based upon performance on the delayed recall trials of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory II of the Wechsler Memory Scale-4th edition. Psychiatric disorders (e.g., Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders) were assessed using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that diagnosis of anxiety disorders, but not mood or substance use disorders, was significantly associated with aMCI status. Specifically, older adults with an anxiety disorder were less likely to have aMCI than those older adults without an anxiety disorder. Additional analyses revealed that within those with aMCI (n=107), persons with a psychiatric disorder were significantly younger than those without a psychiatric disorder by an average of 6 years. These findings support prior research on the complex relationship of anxiety and cognitive impairment as well as suggest that those with psychiatric disorders may be at risk for developing aMCI at younger ages.
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Wertheimer, J. "Affective Disorders and Organic Mental Disorders." International Psychogeriatrics 3, S1 (March 1991): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205001109.
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Depression in old patients can be isolated or associated with dementia. In the first instance signs and symptoms sometimes mimic a demented state: disinterest, lack of initiative, mnesic complaints, slowing of thinking, learning difficulties. The EEG and the CT scan are useful in differential diagnosis, the value of the neuropsychological evaluation being compromised by lack of cooperation. In the second case the consequences of depression vary according to degree of severity of the dementia. In mild cases it can transitorily increase memory disturbances. In moderate and severe levels we see more regressive behavior. Sometimes we must wait for the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medication before we can establish the diagnosis with finality. The diagnosis of “pseudo-dementia” is only a provisional concept.
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Valverde Barea, M., M. Solis, E. Perdiguero Sempere, M. Ortigosa Luque, and J. Santiago Paris. "Language disorders or mild cognitive disorder. About a case." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S656—S657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1685.
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Introduction Patients with mild cognitive impairment may present deficits in naming, speech production, oral comprehension and written comprehension. In the differential diagnosis, cerebrovascular disease that can lead to cognitive impairment must also be differentiated from endogenous depressive disorder or language impairment. Objectives The aim is to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in cognitive disorders in relation to a case. Methods A 68-year-old female patient attended a psychiatric consultation derived from neurology when presenting a language disorder. The husband who accompanies her and the patient indicate that she has problems finding words and substitutes other expressions for them or sometimes does not answer or does so with something different from the topic that is being asked. She refers that she presents repetitive language with memory problems, alteration in the evocation of memories. The patient reports mood swings and irritability and crying with a low tolerance for frustration since she cannot express herself. Cranial MRI: cortical and central involutional changes. Periventricular leukoaraiosis and ischemic gliosis-like lesions in the white matter of both hemispheres. Psychopathological exploration: Conscious, oriented. She smiles at the questions but doesn’t answer them. Repetitive language. Alteration in the articulation of language. Depressed mood reactive to current situation. Some irritability Alteration in recent memory and evocation. Results She was diagnosed with organic mental disorder compatible with mild cognitive impairment. Treatment with rehabilitation of the language disorder of vascular etiology is established. Conclusions Imaging and neuropsychological tests should always be performed in a patient with language, memory, and mood disorders to study its etiology. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Vyas, N. S., and S. Frangou. "Neurocognitive Vulnerability Indicators in Psychosis." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71450-6.
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Background:Cognitive impairments are considered a component of the extended clinical syndrome of schizophrenia. the aim of the current project was to investigate putative cognitive deficits in individuals with Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS; defined herein as onset before the age of 18) and their relatives.Methods:53 EOS probands and 117 unaffected first-degree-relatives were examined on memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised), verbal learning and recognition (California Verbal Learning Test), and attention (SPAN of apprehension test and degraded-stimulus continuous performance test (DS-CPT)). the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV yielded four diagnostic groups: EOS probands; relatives with Mood Disorders; other Axis I diagnoses; and no diagnosis (healthy). Analysis of co-variance was performed with diagnosis as fixed factor and age as covariate.Results:EOS probands under performed on General Memory, Verbal Memory and Delayed Recall indices (WMS-R) compared to their relatives. both EOS and relatives with a mood disorder performed less well on Visual memory and Attention/Concentration indices [p< 0.001]. Relatives without Axis I diagnosis differentiated from EOS on all indices [p< 0.01]. Verbal learning and recognition impairments segregated in EOS and differentiated patients from their relatives. EOS probands and relatives with an Axis I diagnoses showed rapid visual information processing impairments (SPAN) compared to healthy relatives, while sustained attention (DS-CPT) remained relatively preserved in EOS and relatives.Conclusions:Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may be mediated by visual information processing impairments, which differentiates healthy relatives from relatives with an Axis I diagnosis. Sustained attention seems to be a selective strength in EOS and relatives.
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Krivonozhkina, P. S., N. A. Chernaya, V. V. Miroshnikova, Ye P. Makarenko, Kh Sh Ansarov, and Yu S. Vorobyova. "Chorea without chorea or mental disorders as a mask of Huntington’s disease." Russian neurological journal 26, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2021-26-1-34-38.
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is an orphan disease with an average incidence of 5.5 cases per 100 000 population. It is characterized by a high degree of penetrance, variable expressivity, manifestation in different age periods. This disorder, transmitted in an autosomal dominant way, does not have gender differences. The disease often progresses slowly but steadily over many years, eventually leading to severe disability. The clinical picture of this disease has a pathognomonic combination of neurological (extrapyramidal) and neuropsychiatric disorders. With the addition of mental disorders, especially dementia, the diagnosis of HD becomes more likely and obvious. However, if disorders in the mental sphere, including irritability, irascibility, apathy, abulia, delirium, hallucinations, impaired memory and attention, become the debut of the disease, then they largely mask clinical picture. In such cases, patients are hastily made other diagnoses: psychopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and others. You should be wary of the possible secondary nature of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients, especially young patients.
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Devi, Gayatri. "Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: A Manual for Memory Disorders Teams." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 12, no. 2 (May 2000): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.12.2.281.
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TUCKER, GARY J. "Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: A Manual for Memory Disorders Teams." American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 11 (November 2001): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1949.
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Gottfries, C. G. "Classifying Organic Mental Disorders and Dementia—A Review of Historical Perspectives." International Psychogeriatrics 3, S1 (March 1991): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205001092.
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The concept of dementia should not be used synonymously with the concept of organic mental disorders. By definition, according to DSM-III and ICD-10, dementia is a syndrome which includes memory impairment. The severity of the disorder is disabling and the course is chronic. Differential diagnosis includes age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), delirium, and depressive disorders. The dementias may be subdivided into four groups: idiopathic (primary degenerative dementias), vascular, secondary, and others. The idiopathic dementias are those in which etiology is assumed to be found within the brain itself. The main subgroup is Alzheimer-type dementia. The vascular dementias are those in which the blood supply to the brain is insufficient. Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is the prototype. In secondary dementias, somatic disorders either within or external to the brain cause the dementia.
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Filippo, Teresa Di, Lucia Parisi, and Michele Roccella. "Psychological aspects in children affected by Duchenne de Boulogne muscular dystrophy." Mental Illness 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2012.e5.
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Impairment of intelligence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients was described by Duchenne de Boulogne himself in 1868. Further studies report intelligence disorders with mayor impairment of memory. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of affective and personality disorders in a group of children affected by DMD. Twenty six male DMD patients, mean age eleven and four months years old, were assessed for their affective and personality disorder. Only eight subjects had a total IQ below average with major difficulties in verbal and visual-spatial memory, comprehension, arithmetic and vocabulary. All the subjects presented some disorders: tendency to marginalization and isolation, self-depreciation, sense of insecurity, hypochondriac thoughts and marked state of anxiety. These disorders are often a dynamic prolongation of a psychological process which starts when the diagnosis is made and continues, in a slow and latent fashion, throughout the evolution of the disease.
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Larner, Andrew J. "Mini-Cog versus Codex (cognitive disorders examination) Is there a difference?" Dementia & Neuropsychologia 14, no. 2 (June 2020): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-020005.
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Abstract. Mini-Cog and Codex (cognitive disorders examination) are brief cognitive screening tests incorporating word-recall and clock drawing tests. Objective: To assess and compare the screening accuracy of Mini-Cog and Codex for diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients attending a dedicated cognitive disorders clinic. Methods: Tests were administered to a consecutive cohort of 162 patients, whose reference standard diagnoses based on clinical diagnostic criteria were dementia (44), MCI (26), and subjective memory complaint (92). Results: Both Mini-Cog and Codex had high sensitivity (>0.8) for dementia diagnosis, but Codex was more specific. For diagnosis of MCI, Mini-Cog had better sensitivity than Codex. Weighted comparisons of Mini-Cog and Codex showed only marginal net benefit for Mini-Cog for dementia diagnosis but larger net benefit for MCI diagnosis. Conclusion: In this pragmatic study both Mini-Cog and Codex were accurate brief screening tests for dementia but Mini-Cog was better for identification of MCI.
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Ringen, P. A., A. Vaskinn, K. Sundet, J. A. Engh, H. Jónsdóttir, C. Simonsen, S. Friis, S. Opjordsmoen, I. Melle, and O. A. Andreassen. "Opposite relationships between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (November 6, 2009): 1337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991620.
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BackgroundCannabis use is associated with altered neurocognitive functioning in severe mental disorders, but data are still inconclusive and there are no studies of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cannabis use and neurocognition in bipolar disorder compared with schizophrenia in a naturalistic setting.MethodA total of 133 patients with bipolar disorder and 140 patients with schizophrenia underwent neuropsychological assessments and clinical characterization including measures of substance use. Relationships between cannabis users and neurocognitive function were explored in the two diagnostic groups. Possible interactions between diagnosis and cannabis use were investigated, and findings were controlled for possible confounders.ResultsIn bipolar disorder subjects, cannabis use was associated with better neurocognitive function, but the opposite was the case for the schizophrenia subjects. There was a statistically significant interaction effect of diagnosis and cannabis use on focused attention (p=0.019), executive functioning (verbal fluency – set shifting) (p=0.009), logical memory-learning (p=0.007) and on logical memory-recall (p=0.004). These differences in neurocognitive function could not be explained by putative confounders.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that cannabis use may be related to improved neurocognition in bipolar disorder and compromised neurocognition in schizophrenia. The results need to be replicated in independent samples, and may suggest different underlying disease mechanisms in the two disorders.
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H. A, Dhaneshwari, and Suhas Kumar Shetty. "AN AYURVEDA CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON EIGHT DOMAINS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF MIND." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 3049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2009122021.
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History taking, clinical examinations play a major role in confirming the diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of the illness. This is applicable in psychiatric as well as psychosomatic disorders. Sometimes organic diseases may simulate the presentation of psychiatric disorders and vice versa. Many types of examination techniques are ex- plained in Ayurveda which help directly or indirectly to elicit and diagnose psychiatry disorders. Astavibhrama, impairment in eight domains of mental faculties - thinking process (Mano vibhrama), intellect (Buddhi vibhrama), consciousness and orientation (Sanjnajnana vibhrama), memory (smriti vibhrama), desire or interest (Bhakti vibhrama), temperaments (sheela vibhrama), behaviour (chesta vibhrama), conduct (achara vibhrama); a concept adopted for the diagnosis of unmada (insanity). These eight domains can be generalised for eliciting the mental status of an individual. Keywords: Astavibhrama, Mental status examination, Psychiatric disorder
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Cullen, Breda, and Jonathan J. Evans. "Neuropsychology of memory function: a guide for clinicians." Social Care and Neurodisability 5, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scn-09-2013-0037.
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Purpose – This paper aims to summarise key models of the neuropsychology of memory function, illustrating how they can be used to inform the assessment and formulation of memory disorders in clinical practice. Design/methodology/approach – Models of short term and working memory, long-term memory and prospective memory are described. Commonly used tools and methods to assess these functions in adults are summarised. Findings – It is argued that a clearer understanding of models of memory function adds value to the process of cognitive assessment, guiding the selection of appropriate tests and aiding diagnosis, formulation and rehabilitation planning. Originality/value – This paper is intended to serve as a resource for professionals who encounter memory disorders in their clinical practice.
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Vega-Rodríguez, Yuri E., Elena Garayzabal-Heinze, and Esther Moraleda-Sepúlveda. "Language Development Disorder in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), a Case Study." Languages 5, no. 4 (October 10, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040037.
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Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause developmental damage in children. There are different types and ranges of alterations that fall under the name of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Disabilities in learning, cognition, and behavior are observed. Environmental conditions are an influencing factor in this population since they are generally adverse and are either not diagnosed at an early stage or given the appropriate support and approach. We present a case study of a 9-year-old child, in which all the variables affecting his development (FASD diagnosis and socioenvironmental conditions) were observed and analyzed. His early childhood under institutional care, the move to a foster home at the age of 6, and several measures of evaluation from foster care to the present are described. Difficulties in vocabulary, access to vocabulary, morphology, syntax, grammar, oral narrative, pragmatics, speech, and communication were observed, along with cognitive difficulties in memory, perception and executive functioning, social adaptation, learning, and behavior. An early diagnosis and approach enable this population to develop skills in different dimensions to address early adversity despite their neurological and behavioral commitment. Speech-language pathologist services are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of the language and communication difficulties that characterize this syndrome.
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Modesti, Martina Nicole, Ludovica Rapisarda, Gabriela Capriotti, and Antonio Del Casale. "Functional Neuroimaging in Dissociative Disorders: A Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091405.
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Background: Dissociative disorders encompass loss of integration in essential functions such as memory, consciousness, perception, motor control, and identity. Nevertheless, neuroimaging studies, albeit scarce, have suggested the existence of particular brain activation patterns in patients belonging to this diagnostic category. The aim of this review is to identify the main functional neuroimaging correlates of dissociative disorders. Methods: we searched the PubMed database to identify functional neuroimaging studies conducted on subjects with a diagnosis of a dissociative disorder, following the PRISMA guidelines. In the end, we included 13 studies in this systematic review, conducted on 51 patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID), 28 subjects affected by depersonalization disorder, 24 with dissociative amnesia, and 6 with other or not specified dissociative disorders. Results: Prefrontal cortex dysfunction seems prominent. In addition, changes in the functional neural network of the caudate are related to alterations of identity state and maintenance of an altered mental status in DID. Another role in DID seems to be played by a dysfunction of the anterior cingulate gyrus. Other regions, including parietal, temporal, and insular cortices, and subcortical areas were reported to be dysfunctional in dissociative disorders. Conclusions: Prefrontal dysfunction is frequently reported in dissociative disorders. Functional changes in other cortical and subcortical areas can be correlated with these diagnoses. Further studies are needed to clarify the neurofunctional correlations of each dissociative disorder in affected patients, in order to identify better tailored treatments.
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Kim, Kye Y., and Linda A. Hershey. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Elderly." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 18, no. 3 (September 1989): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fu3d-eku1-4wxx-jvc9.
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Depression and suicide are significant problems in the elderly, both in terms of their severity and their prevalence. It is particularly difficult to distinguish depression from early dementia, since elderly depressed patients often deny mood disorder and focus on their memory problems. This differential diagnostic dilemma is further complicated by the fact that 20 percent of Alzheimer-type dementia patients have moderate to severe depression. An even higher prevalence of depression can be seen in elderly patients with stroke or Parkinson's disease. Most all of the depressive disorders of the elderly are amenable to one form or combination of therapies: pharmacologic, electro-convulsive, or psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants are often associated with adverse drug reactions in the elderly, so alternatives such as MAO inhibitors, alprazolam, bupropion and psychostimulants are currently being explored in this patient population.
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Scangas, George A., and Benjamin S. Bleier. "Anosmia: Differential Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 31, no. 1 (January 2017): e3-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4403.
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The ability to scrutinize our surroundings remains heavily dependent on the sense of smell. From the ability to detect dangerous situations such as fires to the recollection of a fond memory triggered by an odor, the advantages of an intact olfactory system cannot be overstated. Outcomes studies have highlighted the profound negative impact of anosmia and parosmia on the overall quality of life. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders estimates that ∼1.4% of the United States population experiences chronic olfactory dysfunction and smell loss. Efforts have focused on improving both the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction through olfactory testing and improved reporting of treatment outcomes of olfactory training. The purpose of this article was to review the differential diagnosis, workup, and current treatment strategies of anosmia and smell disorders.
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Rodrigues, Melissa de Almeida, Carla Cristina Adda, Mara Cristina de Souza Lucia, Milberto Scaff, and Eliane Correa Miotto. "Cognitive deficits associated with optic aphasia: Neuropsychological contribution to a differential diagnosis." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2, no. 2 (June 2008): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20200013.
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Abstract Optic aphasia is characterized by a deficit in naming objects presented visually, as a result of left occipito-temporal lesion. It differs from other neuropsychological disorders due to the nature of the deficits and impairment of cognitive function. A 52 year-old patient, admitted after an episode of sub-acute infarction in the territory of the left posterior cerebral artery involving the temporo-occipital region, was submitted to neuropsychological evaluation as part of a diagnostic investigation and presented specific characteristics of this disorder, as well as impairment to episodic memory. The relevance of the present case is justified not only due to the rarity of the disorder, but also because it highlights the importance of differential diagnosis in the treatment of patients.
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Vyas, N. S., L. Burke, A. Vourdas, E. Vassos, S. Frangou, and D. A. Collier. "Kibra Allelic Variation is Associated with Memory Processes in Early Onset Schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71449-x.
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Background:A single nucleotide polymorphism, rs17070145, in the KIBRA protein, is thought to influence memory function in humans (Papassotiropoulos et al, 2006). We sought to investigate its effect on memory performance in people with Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS; onset before age of 18) and their first-degree relatives.Methods:53 EOS probands and 117 non-psychotic first-degree relatives were examined on IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised), learning and memory (California Verbal Learning Test; CVLT). the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV yielded four diagnostic groups: EOS probands; relatives with Mood Disorders; other Axis I diagnoses; and no diagnosis (healthy relatives). Analysis of co-variance was performed, with diagnosis and genotype as fixed factors and age as covariate.Results:Carriers of the rs17070145 T allele achieved higher performance IQ, and recalled more words in short-delayed and long-delayed recall in the CVLT compared to C allele carriers [p< 0.003 and p< 0.009, respectively]. However TT homozygotes made more perseverative errors than C allele carriers [p=0.04]. after applying the Bonferroni for multiple comparisons, a genotype by diagnosis interaction revealed that relatives who were TT homozygotes and had mood disorders performed better on long-delayed recall [p< 0.04] but made more intrusion errors in the CVLT than the CC/CT genotype group.Conclusions:KIBRA may be involved in:1.processes that enhance overall competence in non-verbal tasks;2.phenotypic expression of cognition in mentally unwell relatives of schizophrenia patients.
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Vally, Zahir. "HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders." South African Journal of Psychiatry 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v17i4.294.
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HIV infection is associated with disturbances in brain function referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This literature review outlines the recently revised diagnostic criteria for the range of HAND from the earliest to the more advanced stages: (i) asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment; (ii) mild neurocognitive disorder; and (iii) HIV-associated dementia. Relevant literature is also reviewed regarding the differential impact upon component cognitive domains known to be affected in HAND, which in turn should ideally be targeted during clinical and neuropsychological assessments: psychomotor and information processing speed, learning and memory, attention and working memory, speech and language, executive functioning and visuospatial functioning. A discussion outlining the neuropsychological tools used in the diagnostic screening of HAND is also included. The central mechanisms of HAND appear to revolve primarily around psychomotor slowing and cognitive control over mental operations, possibly reflecting the influence of disrupted fronto-striatal circuits on distributed neural networks critical to cognitive functions. The accurate assessment and diagnosis of HAND depends on meeting the need for statistically sound neuropsychological assessment techniques that may be used confidently in assessing South African populations, as well as the development of relevant norms for comparison of test performance data.
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Yuan, Shauna H., and Sonya G. Wang. "Alzheimer’s Dementia due to Suspected CTE from Subconcussive Head Impact." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2018 (July 31, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7890269.
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been receiving increasing attention due to press coverage of professional football players. The devastating sequelae of CTE compel us to aim for early diagnosis and treatment. However, by current standards, CTE is challenging to diagnose. Clear clinical diagnostic criteria for CTE have not been established. Only recently, pathological diagnostic criteria have been recognized, but postmortem diagnosis is too late. Reliable biomarkers are not available. By imaging criteria, cavum septum pellucidum has been the only consistent identifiable MRI finding. Because of the imprecise nature of diagnosis based on clinical suspicion, physicians must become cognizant of the broad spectrum of presentations of CTE. With this awareness, appropriate workup can be initiated. CTE can present with early symptoms of emotional changes or late symptoms with memory decline and dementia. Here we present an unusual case of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease secondary to suspected CTE that stems from subconcussive head impacts presenting with severe memory and MRI changes. Clinicians should be aware of this presentation and consider CTE in their differential diagnoses while undergoing workup of memory disorders.
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Beber, Bárbara Costa, and Márcia L. F. Chaves. "Evaluation of patients with behavioral and cognitive complaints: Misdiagnosis in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70100010.
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ABSTRACT Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous clinicopathological syndrome whose early diagnosis is critical for developing management strategies. Objective: To analyze the variables associated with misdiagnosis in a group of patients with FTD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and without neurodegenerative disorders (WND), all of whom were evaluated for behavioral and cognitive complaints. Methods: A case-control study with FTD (n=10), probable AD (n=10) and WND (n=10) patients was carried out. The studied variables were disease duration, reason for referral, former diagnosis, behavioral and cognitive symptoms at evaluation, MMSE at the specialist evaluation, and follow-up outcome. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and by Pearson's Chi-Square tests. Results: FTD patients and WND patients showed longer disease duration than AD patients; the main reasons for referral in the FTD group were behavioral, memory and memory plus language problems while all AD and 90% of the WND group were referred for memory. The FTD group had the highest rate of misdiagnosis and worst outcomes after the 12-month follow-up. The majority of AD and WND patients had memory symptoms, while FTD patients presented language (30%), memory and/or language (40%) problems on the evaluation. Conclusion: Difficulty in recognizing the main features of FTD and psychiatric disorders with memory impairment was observed. Clinicians tended to generalize memory complaints toward a single diagnosis, identifying almost all these patients as AD or leaving them undiagnosed.
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Plant, R. E., F. G. Zalom, J. A. Young, and R. E. Rice. "CALEX/Peaches, an Expert System for the Diagnosis of Peach and Nectarine Disorders." HortScience 24, no. 4 (August 1989): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.4.700.
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Abstract An expert decision support system for agricultural management called CALEX is currently being developed. The program runs on any IBM compatible personal computer with 256K or more of memory and either two floppy disk drives or a hard disk and one floppy disk drive.
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Borghesani, Paul R., Shaune M. DeMers, Vivek Manchanda, Sumit Pruthi, David H. Lewis, and Soo Borson. "Neuroimaging in the Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia: Observations from a Memory Disorders Clinic." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 58, no. 8 (July 28, 2010): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02975.x.
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Bottino, Cássio Machado de Campos, Pedro Zucollo, Maria Del Pilar Quintero Moreno, Gislaine Gil, Carla Garcia Cid, Eduardo Vilodres Campanha, Demétrio Ortega Rumi, and Cândida Helena Pires de Camargo. "Assessment of memory complainers in São Paulo, Brazil: Three-year results of a memory clinic." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2, no. 1 (March 2008): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20100011.
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Abstract Memory clinics were established in the USA and European countries as services to attend patients who complain of cognitive deficits, referred by primary care doctors, specialists and other hospitals. Objective: We aimed to describe the clinical and cognitive profile of consecutively evaluated subjects during the initial three years of service of a memory clinic from a university hospital. Methods: Subjects were submitted to a clinical work-up for dementia, which included laboratory exams, cranial computerized tomography, cognitive tests, and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Diagnosis was made according to ICD-10 criteria. Results: We evaluated 104 subjects (67.3% females and 32.7% males), with mean age of 59.1 years, 88.8% aged 50 years or above. Mean schooling was 9.9 years. Patients were classified into 10 different primary diagnostic categories, namely Depression (26.9%), Alzheimer's disease (17.3%), Memory complaints without objective impairment (17.3%), Mild Cognitive Disorder - MCD (14.4%), and Anxiety (12.5%) the most frequent diagnosis. Comparing patients with dementia, MCD, Depression or Anxiety and Memory complainers, by age (below and above 60 years), dementia was more commonly diagnosed in older subjects, while a higher frequency of memory complainers was found in the younger group. Conclusions: This preliminary report from an outpatient group of referred patients with cognitive complaints showed a higher frequency of psychiatric disorders in this sample. The memory clinic approach should be considered as a model of service which can evaluate subjects with cognitive complaints effectively and improve the quality of care delivered to this patient group.
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Virgilio, Eleonora, Valentina Solara, Maria Francesca Sarnelli, Domizia Vecchio, and Cristoforo Comi. "Early Successful Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy for Verbal Memory Impairment in an Adjustment Disorder: A Case Report in a Newly-Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis Patient." Reports 5, no. 2 (May 25, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports5020017.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the immune system affecting the central nervous system. Several phenotypes are possible, and cases usually present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with disease onset at a young age. MS diagnosis can represent a traumatic event for the patient, possibly evolving into adjustment disorder (AD). AD is defined by the presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stress occurring within the prior three months and similarly to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can significantly affect quality of life. Usually, neuropsychological disorders are not associated with AD. Several treatments are available for AD, and among them, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the most effective in relieving depression and anxiety. However, little is known about AD and PTSD in the MS population and no data are available on the effectiveness of EMDR for cognitive impairment associated with AD. We describe a 25-year-old patient with RR MS developing an AD with a verbal memory deficit after being diagnosed. Both the psychological and cognitive deficits were diagnosed using an extensive neuropsychological battery. Considering the high impact of the verbal memory deficit, on the patient’s quality of life, an EMDR intervention was planned. After a six-month EMDR intervention performed by two trained neuropsychologists, the patient was retested. There was an improvement in verbal memory tests and depression anxiety scales and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. It is recognized that emotional changes and psychiatric disorders, frequently affect MS patients at diagnosis. It is imperative to recognize this and promptly set a neuropsychological treatment. Moreover, we suggest checking cognition along with depression and anxiety. Finally, to our knowledge, this is the first report of AD with an isolated neuropsychological deficit (verbal memory) developed after the MS diagnosis and treated beneficially with e EMDR. More studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of EMDR in treating cognitive impairment associated with AD in MS patients.
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Ohst, Barnabas, and Brunna Tuschen-Caffier. "Are Catastrophic Misinterpretations of Bodily Sensations Typical for Patients with Panic Disorder? An Experimental Study of Patients with Panic Disorder or Other Anxiety Disorders and Healthy Controls." Cognitive Therapy and Research 44, no. 6 (August 10, 2020): 1106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10141-0.
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Abstract Background Research on catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations in patients with a diagnosis of panic disorder has yielded inconsistent findings concerning the question of how typical these misinterpretations are and how this compares with other anxiety disorders. Limitations of assessment strategies concerning catastrophic misinterpretations have been discussed. We assessed catastrophic misinterpretations by activating participants’ fear memory, as has been suggested. Methods Participants in the experimental group (EG) were shown a suspenseful film clip to induce physiological arousal before completing a measure of catastrophic misinterpretation (BSIQ-FR). Skin conductance level (SCL) was used as marker for physiological arousal. Results As expected, the film manipulation led to a significant increase in physiological arousal in the EG compared to the control group (CG) across all disorder groups. ANOVAs did not show significant interactions between factors Group (Panic Disorder, Other Anxiety Disorder, and Healthy Controls) and Condition (EG, CG). However, comparison of means indicated that participants with panic disorder showed more catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations than patients with other anxiety disorders in the EG, but not in the CG. Conclusions The findings indicate that the activation of fear memory via induction of physiological arousal facilitated the measurement of catastrophic misinterpretations, and provide further evidence that catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations are typical for panic disorder.
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Ricci, Monica, Massimiliano Ruggeri, Carmela Gerace, and Andrea Brunori. "Beyond the bipolar disorder diagnosis: Hypothalamus and its network damage in determining neuropsychiatric and Korsakoff-like memory disorders." Cortex 138 (May 2021): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.004.
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Janca, Aleksander, and Sivasankaran Balaratnasingam. "Normality, Abnormality and Mental Disorder in a Person-centered Continuum." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 3, no. 4 (May 12, 2014): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v3i4.451.
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Normality, abnormality and mental disorder can be seen as points on a spectrum ranging from normal to psychopathological or as three separate and distinct states with clearly defined boundaries. From an epidemiological point of view, normality can be seen as the person being within the mid-range of a bell shaped curve of normal population distribution.Abnormality typically has a negative connotation or meaning like being anomalous, aberrant, deviant, odd, etc. A person has a mental disorder if the person suffers from a disturbance of thought, mood, volition, perception, orientation or memory that impairs judgment or behaviour to a significant extent. Psychiatric diagnosis usually refers to a statement specifying required symptoms and signs, their onset, duration, reaction to treatment and possible outcome. The main practical purposes of diagnosis in psychiatry are communication between mental health professionals and statistics of mental disorders. The reliability of psychiatric diagnoses is sometimes questionable and their validity can be dubious and arbitrary. Current work is underway by the International College of Person-centered Medicine (ICPCM) in collaboration with other major international organizations in order to overcome these limitations using a model of Person-Centred Integrative Diagnosis.
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Bayahya, Areej Y., Wadee Alhalabi, and Sultan H. AlAmri. "Smart Health System to Detect Dementia Disorders Using Virtual Reality." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070810.
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Smart health technology includes physical sensors, intelligent sensors, and output advice to help monitor patients’ health and adjust their behavior. Virtual reality (VR) plays an increasingly larger role to improve health outcomes, being used in a variety of medical specialties including robotic surgery, diagnosis of some difficult diseases, and virtual reality pain distraction for severe burn patients. Smart VR health technology acts as a decision support system in the diseases diagnostic test of patients as they perform real world tasks in virtual reality (e.g., navigation). In this study, a non-invasive, cognitive computerized test based on 3D virtual environments for detecting the main symptoms of dementia (memory loss, visuospatial defects, and spatial navigation) is proposed. In a recent study, the system was tested on 115 real patients of which thirty had a dementia, sixty-five were cognitively healthy, and twenty had a mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The performance of the VR system was compared with Mini-Cog test, where the latter is used to measure cognitive impaired patients in the traditional diagnosis system at the clinic. It was observed that visuospatial and memory recall scores in both clinical diagnosis and VR system of dementia patients were less than those of MCI patients, and the scores of MCI patients were less than those of the control group. Furthermore, there is a perfect agreement between the standard methods in functional evaluation and navigational ability in our system where P-value in weighted Kappa statistic= 100% and between Mini-Cog-clinical diagnosis vs. VR scores where P-value in weighted Kappa statistic= 93%.
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Thompson, Ian, Olga Yastrubetskaya, Nicola Lautenschlager, David Ames, and Edmond Chiu. "Assessing speech and communication impairments in cognitive disorders: an innovative development in a memory clinic." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 3 (October 9, 2009): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991037.
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Although there is a great emphasis on memory in the diagnosis of dementia and in the measurement of treatment response, disorders of language are an important, but sometimes neglected, feature of many dementias.
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Fiorentino, Julie, Magali Payne, Elisa Cancian, Alexandra Plonka, Louise-Émilie Dumas, David Chirio, Élisa Demonchy, et al. "Correlations between Persistent Olfactory and Semantic Memory Disorders after SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Brain Sciences 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060714.
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Background: One of the main symptoms of COVID-19 is hyposmia or even anosmia. Olfactory identification is most often affected. In addition, some cognitive disorders tend to appear following the infection, particularly regarding executive functions, attention, and memory. Olfaction, and especially olfactory identification, is related to semantic memory which manages general knowledge about the world. The main objective of this study was to determine whether semantic memory is impaired in case of persistent post COVID-19 olfactory disorders. Methods: 84 patients (average age of 42.8 ± 13.6 years) with post COVID-19 olfactory loss were included after consulting to the ENT department. The clinical evaluation was carried out with the Pyramid and Palm Tree Test, the word-retrieval task from the Grémots, the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the Computerised Olfactory Test for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Results: Semantic memory was impaired in 20% (n = 17) of patients, especially in the 19–39 age-group. The olfactory threshold was only significantly correlated with the semantic memory scores. Conclusions: Similar to all cognitive disorders, semantic disorders can have a negative impact on quality of life if left untreated. It is essential to carry out specific assessments of post COVID-19 patients to accurately determine their disorders and to put in place the best possible rehabilitation, such as speech and language therapy, to avoid quality-of-life impairment.
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Grishina, D. A., and A. B. Lokshina. "Issues of diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 21 (November 18, 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-21-46-53.
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Cognitive impairment refers to frequent disorders in the elderly and senile, and their prevalence increases with age significantly. Non-dementia cognitive disorders mean a spectrum of changes in the cognitive sphere that precede the development of dementia over the course of many months and even years. Mild forms of cognitive impairment (MCI) are the most studied type of pre-dementia conditions, which in most cases represent a prodromal stage of disorders progressing over time to a dementia syndrome. Early identification of individuals with MCI is important because timely diagnosis of these disorders is expanding the potential impact of the secondary prevention and therapeutic intervention, which can delay or even prevent the onset of professional and social maladaptation due to development of dementia. The article considers the historical issues of studying these disorders, presents the modern principles of their classification and diagnostic criteria. A clinical observation of a patient with a polyfunctional non-amnestic type MCI syndrome is provided. The features of cognitive disorders typical for chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, such as mental retardation, impaired activity arrangement, difficulties with generalisation in relative preservation of memory and orientation in combination with emotional and affective disorders are described. The authors discuss issues of treatment of MCI syndrome, which should be comprehensive and include the correction of all vascular risk factors, non-drug (regular physical activity, cognitive training) and pharmacological treatments aimed at improving cognitive performance. The article describes the possibilities of modern neuroprotective and symptomatic therapy of cognitive impairment, showing the role of choline alfoscerate in the treatment of MCI.
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Reuber, Markus, Daniel J. Blackburn, Chris Elsey, Sarah Wakefield, Kerry A. Ardern, Kirsty Harkness, Annalena Venneri, Danielle Jones, Chloe Shaw, and Paul Drew. "An Interactional Profile to Assist the Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative and Functional Memory Disorders." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 32, no. 3 (2018): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wad.0000000000000231.
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Barker, Warren, Carlos Quinonez, Maria T. Greig, Raquel Behar, Cesar Chirinos, Rosemarie A. Rodriguez, Monica Rosselli, et al. "Utility of Plasma Neurofilament Light in the 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC)." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 79, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200901.
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Background: Plasma NfL (pNfL) levels are elevated in many neurological disorders. However, the utility of pNfL in a clinical setting has not been established. Objective: In a cohort of diverse older participants, we examined: 1) the association of pNfL to age, sex, Hispanic ethnicity, diagnosis, and structural and amyloid imaging biomarkers; and 2) its association to baseline and longitudinal cognitive and functional performance. Methods: 309 subjects were classified at baseline as cognitively normal (CN) or with cognitive impairment. Most subjects had structural MRI and amyloid PET scans. The most frequent etiological diagnosis was Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders were also represented. We assessed the relationship of pNfL to cognitive and functional status, primary etiology, imaging biomarkers, and to cognitive and functional decline. Results: pNfL increased with age, degree of hippocampal atrophy, and amyloid load, and was higher in females among CN subjects, but was not associated with Hispanic ethnicity. Compared to CN subjects, pNfL was elevated among those with AD or FTLD, but not those with neuropsychiatric or other disorders. Hippocampal atrophy, amyloid positivity and higher pNfL levels each added unique variance in predicting greater functional impairment on the CDR-SB at baseline. Higher baseline pNfL levels also predicted greater cognitive and functional decline after accounting for hippocampal atrophy and memory scores at baseline. Conclusion: pNfL may have a complementary and supportive role to brain imaging and cognitive testing in a memory disorder evaluation, although its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity as a stand-alone measure is modest. In the absence of expensive neuroimaging tests, pNfL could be used for differentiating neurodegenerative disease from neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Peda, Barbara, Dariusz Kotlęga, and Marta Masztalewicz. "NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENT WITH CLIPPERS SYNDROME." Acta Neuropsychologica 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4157.
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Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a novel inflammatory central nervous system disorder. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the radiological, neurological, neuropathological data and responsiveness to steroids treatment. The aim of this paper is to present a neuropsychological characteristic of cognitive, executive and linguistic symptoms characteristic for patient with CLIPPERS disease. In this paper we present the case of a 42-year-old woman with hyperintense punctate foci in the pons, cerebellum, midbrain, thalamus, white matter of occipital lobes, with a short-term verbal memory deficits, mild deficiency in verbal and procedural learning, executive dysfunctions, hand-eye coordination impairment, psychomotor speed disabilities and dysarthria, associated with a chronic lymphocytic inflammation. In this challenging diagnosis of CLIPPERS, neuropsychological analysis of cognitive functions can be important to optimize the diagnosis and treatment.
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Poole, Norman A., Sarah R. Cope, Cate Bailey, and Jeremy D. Isaacs. "Functional cognitive disorders: identification and management." BJPsych Advances 25, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.38.
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SUMMARYWe review the various functional cognitive disorders (FCDs) – complaints about memory function or another cognitive process in the absence of relevant neuropathology. These are increasingly coming to the attention of psychiatrists and neurologists and FCD encompasses some newly recognised conditions in addition to classic types such as pseudodementia and psychogenic amnesia. The clinical features, neuropsychological findings and treatment are presented and discussed.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •describe clinical features of FCD and how it differs from neurodegenerative causes of cognitive impairment•be able to subclassify cases of FCD using the proposed nosology•understand how to discuss the diagnosis with the patient and explain how the symptoms arise.
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Chen, Ruei-An, Chun-Yi Lee, Yu Lee, Chi-Fa Hung, Yu-Chi Huang, Pao-Yen Lin, Sheng-Yu Lee, and Liang-Jen Wang. "Defining cognitive profiles of depressive patients using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders." PeerJ 7 (August 1, 2019): e7432. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7432.
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Background Cognitive impairments in patients with depressive disorders have a negative impact on their daily skill functioning and quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive profiles and associated factors of patients with depressive disorders with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A). Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 75 patients with depressive disorders (56 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 19 patients with depressive disorder NOS or dysthymic disorder (non-MDD)). We evaluated the participants’ cognitive functions at euthymic status using the BAC-A. The BAC-A includes six subtests derived from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BAC-S) and Affective Processing Tests. The current severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and we recorded any psychotropic drugs being used by the patients. Results We observed no differences in cognitive profiles in the MDD group and non-MDD group after adjusting for educational levels, severity of depression, and psychotropic drugs. Instead, the HAMD-17 scores were negatively correlated to cognitive performance in working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention and processing speed, executive function, composite score, and the six indexes of the Affective Processing Test measured by the BAC-A. A longer illness duration was associated with worse performance of four indexes of the Affective Processing Test. Furthermore, benzodiazepine use was associated with a worse performance of verbal memory, and antidepressant use was associated with better motor speed performance. Conclusion The current severity of depressive symptoms and psychotropic drugs being taken, not the diagnosis category, are associated with cognitive impairments in patients with depressive disorders. Clinicians should pay particular attention to managing residual depressive symptoms and prescribing adequate psychotropic drugs in order to eliminate depressive patients’ cognitive deficits.
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Вышлова, I. Vyshlova, Карпов, Sergey Karpov, Апагуни, and A. Apaguni. "Dynamics of Cognitive Disorders in Different Periods of Traumatic Brain Disease Depending on the Treatment." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13298.
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The development of the syndrome of cognitive disorders and its dynamics in young patients after concussion in the acute, intermediate and remote periods of traumatic disease of the brain depending on the method of treatment was studied. To define traumatic encephalopathy, it is necessary an early assessment of cognitive functions: attention, memory, speech, rapid reactions. The cognitive disorders were divided on mild, moderate and severe. The most informative in the diagnosis of syndrome of cognitive disorders were neuropsychological tests. The use of the Phenotro-pil increases the percentage of mild forms in combination with the reduction of moderate and severe symptoms in structure of the syndrome of cognitive disorder, thus regressive type of this syndrome was noted. In the control group, mild cognitive disorders with increasing moderate and severe forms of this syndrome decreases at the symptomatic therapy. This indicates about progressive type of this syndrome in a remote period of traumatic disease. The authors prove the effectiveness of the Phenotropil in prevention of the development of persistent effects of trauma, including the progression of the cognitive disorders syndrome.
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Qian, Winnie, Tom A. Schweizer, and Corinne E. Fischer. "Impact of socioeconomic status on initial clinical presentation to a memory disorders clinic." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 4 (December 16, 2013): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002299.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Dementia affects 15% of Canadians 65 and older, and the prevalence is expected to double over the next two decades. Low socioeconomic status (SES) can increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the precursor mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but it is unknown what the relationship of SES is on initial clinical presentation to a memory disorders clinic.Methods:Data from 127 AD and 135 MCI patients who presented to our Memory Disorders Clinic from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. We examined the relationship between SES (measured using Hollingshead two-factor index) and (1) diagnosis of either AD or MCI; (2) age when first presented to clinic; (3) objective cognitive tests to indicate clinical severity; and (4) the use of cognitive enhancers, medication for treating mild-to-moderate AD patients.Results:AD patients had lower SES than MCI patients (p < 0.001, r = 0.232). Lower SES was associated with a greater age at initial time of diagnosis (χ2 = 11.5, p = 0.001). In MCI patients, higher SES individuals outperformed lower SES individuals on the BNA after correcting for the effect of age (p = 0.004). Lower SES was also associated with decreased use of cognitive enhancers in AD patients (p < 0.001, r = 0.842).Conclusion:Individuals with lower SES come into memory clinic later when the disease has progressed to dementia, while higher SES individuals present earlier when the disease is still in its MCI stage. There were more higher SES individuals who presented to our memory clinic. Higher SES is associated with better cognitive functioning and increased use of cognitive enhancers. The health policy implication is that we need to better engage economically disadvantaged individuals, perhaps at the primary care level.
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Olivera-López, Carlos, David Ortega-Robles, Judith Salvador-Cruz, and Alejandro Jimenez-Genchi. "0660 Association between sleep architecture and attention and memory abnormalities in patients with insomnia disorder comorbid with major depression." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.656.
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Abstract Introduction Insomnia and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly comorbid conditions that show a complex bidirectional relationship. The co-occurrence of chronic insomnia disorder (CID) with MDD has been associated with poorer outcomes. Both CID and MDD are independently associated with attention and memory impairments. However, little is known about the relationship between neuropsychological performance and sleep architecture in CID comorbid with MDD. On the basis of this knowledge, we aimed to assess the relationship between PSG parameters and memory and attention performance in patients with CID comorbid with MDD. Methods Patients were recruited from the National Institute of Psychiatry at Mexico City. To be included, subjects were required to be females or males, 18 to 60 year-old, with diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and Insomnia Disorder (DSM 5), without drug/psychological treatment and without comorbidity with other psychiatric or sleep disorders. After giving their signed informed consent, all participants underwent a structured diagnostic interview to confirm diagnoses, two consecutive nights of polysomnographic recording (PSG) and a battery of neuropsychological tests to evaluate different aspects of attention and memory. In addition, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index and the Quick Inventory of depressive symptomatology were applied to assess the severity of insomnia and depression.Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; Pearson′s Coefficient Correlation were used for evaluating associations between PSG variables, performance in neuropsychological tests and disorders severity. Results Nine men and 10 women with an age range of 21 to 59 years (M= 37.2 SD = 12.9) were included. We found significant associations between total sleep time (TST) and declarative memory (r =.510, p <.05); visuospatial memory and REM sleep latency (r = -582, p <.01); procedural memory and WASO and arousals index (r = -.561 and r = -.530, p <.05); sustained attention and NREM stage N1 (r = -.490, p <.05); errors of commission were negatively related with sleep efficiency (r = -486, p <.05), and positive related to WASO (r = .483, p <.05) and total wake time (r = .486, p <.05). In contrast, no associations were found between the severity of insomnia and depression severity with any cognitive function. Conclusion These preliminary findings suggest that changes in sleep continuity in CID comorbid with MDD architecture are significatively associated with attention and memory impairments. In contrast, severity of insomnia and depression seems to have a negligible role in these neuropsychological deficits Support (If Any) This study is supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT), doctoral studies code 751918, scholarship recipient 697300
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Fischer, C., E. Yeung, T. Hansen, S. Gibbons, L. Fornazzari, L. Ringer, and T. A. Schweizer. "Impact of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of dementia in an inner city memory disorders clinic." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 6 (August 28, 2009): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990846.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Socioeconomic status (SES) has been identified as a possible risk factor for the development of dementia, with low SES shown to be associated with a higher prevalence of dementia, increased psychiatric comorbidity and worse baseline cognitive functioning. Few studies have actually looked at the impact of SES within a clinical population using multiple measures of SES and cognition.Methods:Data on 217 patients seen in an Inner City Memory Disorders Clinic were analyzed with respect to demographic status, clinical status and SES. Correlations were then examined looking at the relationship of SES to clinical variables and neurocognitive status. Regression analysis was undertaken to examine the relative contribution of individual sociodemographic factors to a diagnosis of dementia.Results:In general, there was wide variation in the sample examined with respect to most measures of SES. Approximately one third (36%) of the sample had a diagnosis of dementia, the mean age was 66.1 years and the mean Mini-mental State Examination score was relatively high (25.4). There was a strong association between age, individual annual income range, education, medical comorbidity and a diagnosis of dementia, with increased age and medical comorbidity being the strongest predictors.Conclusion:Increased age, low education, high medical comorbidity and low annual income are all associated with a diagnosis of dementia in an inner city setting. Age and medical comorbidity appear to be more strongly associated with a diagnosis of dementia than SES in an inner city setting.
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Bailey, Cate, Norman Poole, and Daniel J. Blackburn. "Identifying patterns of communication in patients attending memory clinics: a systematic review of observations and signs with potential diagnostic utility." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 667 (January 15, 2018): e123-e138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x694601.
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BackgroundSubjective cognitive complaints are commonly encountered in primary care and often result in memory clinic referral. However, meta-analyses have shown that such concerns do not consistently correspond to objective memory impairment or predict future dementia. Memory clinic referrals are increasing, with greater proportions of patients attending who do not have dementia. Studies of interaction during memory clinic assessments have identified conversational profiles that can differentiate between dementia and functional disorders of memory. To date, studies exploring communication patterns for the purpose of diagnosis have not been reviewed. Such profiles could reduce unnecessary investigations in patients without dementia.AimTo identify and collate signs and observable features of communication, which could clinically differentiate between dementia and functional disorders of memory.Design and settingThis was a systematic review and synthesis of evidence from studies with heterogeneous methodologies.MethodA qualitative, narrative description and typical memory clinic assessment were employed as a framework.ResultsSixteen studies met the criteria for selection. Two overarching themes emerged: 1) observable clues to incapacity and cognitive impairment during routine assessment and interaction, and 2) strategies and accounts for loss of abilities in people with dementia.ConclusionWhether the patient attends with a companion, how they participate, give autobiographical history, demonstrate working memory, and make qualitative observations during routine cognitive testing are all useful in building a diagnostic picture. Future studies should explore these phenomena in larger populations, over longer periods, include dementia subtypes, and develop robust definitions of functional memory disorders to facilitate comparison.
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Rachidi*, Linda, Wafae Jbilou, Asbai Youssra, Fatimazahra Aftahi, Halima Serhani, and Ghizlane Benjelloun. "Phagophobia in A 6-Year-Old Child : Case Report." Clinical Medicine And Health Research Journal 2, no. 5 (September 11, 2022): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/cmhrj.v2i5.85.
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Introduction: Photophobia or swallowing phobia is a rarely studied clinical entity. Classified as a specific phobia by the DSM-V. Through our clinical case, we highlight the diagnosis difficulty of this clinical entity and the interest of early therapeutic management appropriate to the age of the child. Clinical observation: A 6-year-old female patient was hospitalized in pediatric surgery for esophageal caustic stenosis that required esophageal replacement. Thereafter, the persistence of swallowing disorders was observed while the organic etiological assessment was negative. Manifestations of phobic anxiety were identified starting the first psychiatric consultation. These manifestations were found to be linked to the memory of traumatic events that the patient experienced during the gastro esophageal fibro copy. The diagnosis of phobic disorder was retained and the treatment was essentially based on behavioral therapy. The evolution was globally favorable. Discussion: Photophobia, or swallowing phobia, is an uncommon phobic disorder listed in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Mental Disorders and the DSM-5. The important question before diagnosing this disorder is to determine its psychogenic basis. In most cases, the onset of the disorder follows a swallowing accident, which leads to swallowing phobia, which in turn is considered a particular form of post-traumatic stress disorder. It can also be associated with separation anxiety in children as in our case. Conclusion: Swallowing phobia is considered a specific, non-developmental phobia. Swallowing phobia and other childhood anxiety disorders are closely correlated. Cognitive behavioural therapies have shown favourable responses in most cases.
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Lancon, Christophe, Daniel Dassa, Jessica Fernandez, Raphaelle Richieri, Romain Padovani, and Laurent Boyer. "Are Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Verbal Learning and Memory Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia? A Cross-Sectional Study." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2012 (November 19, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/204043.
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Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the relationships of cardiovascular risk factors with verbal learning and memory in patients with schizophrenia. Methods and Design. cross-sectional study. Inclusion Criteria. Diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data Collection. Sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and episodic memory using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Analysis. A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressions was performed to determine variables that are potentially associated with verbal learning and memory. Results. One hundred and sixty-eight outpatients participated in our study. An association was found between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and memory impairment on measures of verbal learning, and short- and long-term memory. Among the different components of MeTS, hypertriglycerides, abdominal obesity, and low HDL cholesterol were the only factors associated with memory impairment. Alcohol dependence or abuse was associated with a higher rate of forgetting. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that MetS and alcohol use may be linked with memory impairment in schizophrenia. These findings provide important insights into the interdependencies of cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive disorders and support novel strategies for treating and preventing cognitive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.
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Jones, Danielle, Markus Reuber, Chris Elsey, Daniel Blackburn, Sarah Wakefield, Kerry Ann Ardern, Kirsty Harkness, Annalena Venneri, Chloe Shaw, and Paul Drew. "CONVERSATIONAL ASSESSMENT IN MEMORY CLINIC ENCOUNTERS: CREATING A DIAGNOSTIC SCORING AID FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA AND FUNCTIONAL MEMORY DISORDERS." Alzheimer's & Dementia 13, no. 7 (July 2017): P1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.442.
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Kovyazina, Maria S., Elena I. Rasskazova, Galina Ya Menshikova, Artem I. Kovalev, and Nataliya A. Varako. "Innovative Instrumental Technologies in the System of Clinical and Psychological Diagnosis and Rehabilitation." Vestnik RFFI, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22204/2410-4639-2019-104-04-23-30.
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The article is devoted to the actual problem of introducing innovative technologies in the clinical and psychological diagnostics and rehabilitation. The results of the study of provocation of bodily sensations during the self-regulation task using biofeedback are discussed. The most important issue of the effectiveness of rehabilitation using technical tools related to the identification of possible complications and the description of the mechanisms of their occurrence is also considered. The program for diagnostics of short-term spatial memory violations using the virtual reality system (VR) is described. A scenario of patient interaction with VR is proposed for diagnosing the extent of memory volume disorders, as well as memory impairment. It also describes unique diagnostic protocols for detecting of vestibular dysfunction. A distinctive feature of the proposed technique is the applying of VR environments specifically adjusted for a particular patient, as well as the using of the eye tracking as a method of building rehabilitation technology.
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Munteanu, Valentin, Ionut Luca-Husti, Teodora Camelia Coman, and Alexandru Vlad Ciurea. "Differential diagnostic problems in elderly chronic subdural hematoma patients." Romanian Neurosurgery 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2016-0030.
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Abstract Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are recognized as common in older people (over 70 years). They are produced in minor injuries (falls on the same level). These CSDH have minor symptoms (headache, memory disorders, balance disorders, cognitive disorders, etc. and are classified as signs for the onset of dementia, circulatory failure - basilar vertebra, Alzheimer, etc. A simple brain CT scan can highlight these hematomas and a neurosurgical intervention will achieve extremely favorable prognosis. There are many pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of CSH especially with strokes being so common at this age.