Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Memory disorders – Diagnosis'
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Clarnette, Roger M. "Predictors of cognitive decline in those with subjective memory complaint." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0245.
Full textTarantello, Concetta. "The role of subjective memory complaints in predicting cognitive impairment associated with future Alzheimer’s disease: a community based study." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6190.
Full textIn recent years there has been a substantial increase in research examining the role of subjective memory complaints (SMC) in cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease. These studies have related SMC to many different cognitive outcomes, such as retaining normal cognitive function, a fluctuating cognitive performance and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Most of these studies have focused on older populations and have employed a limited assessment of cognitive function. This limits the available evidence regarding the clinical utility of SMC. The literature on the role of SMC in younger subjects is scarce. It is not known whether memory complaints are useful in predicting future cases of Alzheimer’s disease in younger community-based subjects. Aims: The main aim of the present study was to determine whether SMC predict the development of cognitive impairment in a younger cohort of subjects, many of whom were under the age of 70 years (73%), based on their risk profile and neuropsychological assessment. A further aim was to ascertain whether the DRS or 7MS are sensitive screening tools for MCI and examine whether the presence of SMC affects the 3-year cognitive outcome of subjects. To address these aims, this study consisted of two parts: a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal follow-up component. Methods: This study was carried out with 86 community-dwelling subjects recruited via advertisement within the catchment area of Central Sydney Area Health Service. The mean age of the subjects was 63.1 years (SD=8.4). Subjective memory complaints were assessed using a single question. Cognitive function was assessed using a comprehensive battery of tests, selected on the basis of their sensitivity to identifying cognitive impairment typically associated with Alzheimer’s disease. After the initial analysis between those with SMC and without SMC, subjects were further classified according to their performance on an episodic memory task (i.e., delayed verbal recall, Rey, 1964) as having normal memory function, SMC or aMCI. Results: Part 1 - Subjective memory complaints (SMC) were reported by 63% of the sample. The initial analysis between subjects with SMC (n=54) and without SMC (n=32) suggested an initial relationship between SMC and cognitive functioning. Subjects with SMC had impaired global cognitive functioning on two brief screening tests (7MS and DRS), working memory, verbal recall and visuomotor speed. However, subsequent screening with the delayed verbal recall test showed that 12 of the 54 subjects with SMC demonstrated significant cognitive impairment, scoring 2 SD below the control group mean. After these subjects were removed to form the aMCI group, the cognitive differences between subjects with SMC and without SMC were no longer apparent. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of multiple cognitive deficits (below 1 SD of control group mean) with a high percentage of subjects demonstrating impairment on tests of verbal learning, verbal recall, verbal ability and visuomotor speed. Further analysis showed a significant association between age and subjects identified as having SMC (r=-.581, p<.001) and aMCI (r=.692, p<.001). From the age of 60 onwards, both the SMC and aMCI groups demonstrated a more rapid cognitive decline with increasing age in several cognitive domains. Part 2 - After a mean interval of 3.2 years, 43 subjects were followed up. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of greater decline on both screening tests (7MS; DRS), whilst the SMC group had significantly higher scores. This trend was also apparent with other neuropsychological testing. The analysis of change over time in cognitive function showed that the majority of subjects (both SMC aMCI) either remained stable or improved their cognitive performance. It is likely that the small sample size and short follow-up interval of the present study contributed to the present observation of no change in cognitive function over time. Discussion: The present findings suggest that subjective memory complaints are a poor predictor of cognitive function. In isolation, SMC are unlikely to be useful for identifying cases with significant cognitive impairment. This is particularly relevant for subjects under the age of 70 years. However, for subjects over the age of 70 years, SMC are likely to identify significant cases with neuropsychological assessment (such as animal fluency and delayed recall). Conclusion: The present study showed that SMC are a poor predictor of cognitive function in subjects under the age of 70 years. This study provided evidence that selected and relatively quick to administer formal neuropsychological tests of cognitive function (in particular tests of animal fluency and delayed recall) are better able to identify those at risk of developing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease, at an earlier age. This would thus allow exposure to earlier treatment options, such as donepezil, aricept, vitamin E, and memantine”.
Pesonen, H. M. (Hanna-Mari). "Managing life with a memory disorder:the mutual processes of those with memory disorders and their family caregivers following a diagnosis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207872.
Full textTiivistelmä Väestön ikääntymisen vuoksi muistisairauksien esiintyvyys on kasvussa koko maailmassa. Etenevä muistisairaus vaikuttaa sekä sairastuneiden että perheiden elämään, ja heidän tarpeisiinsa vastaavien palvelujen kehittäminen on ajankohtaista. Perheiden selviytymistä koskevaa tutkimustietoa palvelujen kehittämiseksi on kuitenkin rajallisesti. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää aineistolähtöinen teoria, joka kuvaa muistisairaiden ja omaishoitajien elämänhallinnan prosesseja muistisairausdiagnoosin varmistumisen jälkeen. Tutkimus oli laadullinen pitkittäistutkimus, jossa aineisto kerättiin vuosina 2006–2009 syvähaastattelemalla (n=40) sekä sairastuneita (n=8) että heidän omaisiaan (n=8). Aineisto analysoitiin grounded theory -metodologian jatkuvan vertailun analyysimenetelmällä. Tutkimuksessa tuotetun aineistolähtöisen teorian ydinkategoriaksi muodostui ’Muistisairauden hyväksyminen osaksi perheen elämää’. Ydinkategoriaan olivat yhteydessä pää- ja alakategoriat, jotka kuvasivat vastavuoroisia elämänhallinnan prosesseja perheessä. Perheiden kehityskulku muistisairauden kanssa käynnistyi ennen diagnoosin varmistumista, kun sairastunut itse tai hänen läheisensä kiinnittivät huomiota oireisiin. Muistisairausdiagnoosi oli käännekohta, joka muutti perheiden elämänkulun suuntaa ja johti etsimään uutta tasapainoa elämässä. Muuttuva elämäntilanne haastoi sairastuneet ja heidän omaisensa rakentamaan uudelleen käsitystä itsestään ja sosiaalisista rooleistaan. Sairastuneiden kokemuksena tämä tarkoitti sopeutumista muuttuvaan itseen ja omaisten kokemuksena mukautumista uuteen omaishoitajan rooliin. Nämä kehityshaasteet kytkeytyivät toisiinsa. Perheet pyrkivät selviytymään muuttuvassa elämäntilanteessaan huomioimalla käytettävissä olevat voimavarat, hyödyntämällä merkityksellistä sosiaalista tukea ja tavoittelemalla elämää tässä ja nyt. Muistisairaiden ja omaishoitajien vastavuoroiset elämänhallinnan prosessit sisälsivät sekä myönteisiä että kielteisiä tekijöitä. Muistisairauden hyväksyminen osaksi perheen elämää merkitsi toivoa vahvistavaa sopeutumista. Tutkimustulokset täydentävät hoitotieteen tietoperustaa perheiden kokemuksista ja elämänhallinnan keinoista muistisairausdiagnoosin varmistumisen jälkeen. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää sekä käytännön hoitotyössä tuettaessa muistisairaita ja heidän perheitään diagnoosin jälkeen että hoitotyön koulutuksessa
Solstrand, Dahlberg Linda. "Assessment of Function, Structure and Working Memory in Adolescents with a Recent Diagnosis of an Eating Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Funktionell farmakologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259050.
Full textLam, Wai-tak Ronny, and 林偉德. "Validation of modified fuld object-memory evaluation (FOME) for screening of geriatric population with cognitive impairment in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010730.
Full textMcCann, Geoff. "The Use Of The Cognitive Status Examination In Detecting Cognitive Impairment In Elderly People." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1538.
Full textRagnehed, Mattias. "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis : Exploring and Improving the Examination Chain." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18095.
Full textBennett, Elizabeth G. "Visual dysfunction : a contributing factor in memory deficits, and therefore learning difficulties?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/266.
Full textCook, Sarah E. "The diagnostic utility of subjective memory questionnaires in normal and pathological aging." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004803.
Full textTypescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 93 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Calado, Vanessa Tome Gonçalves. "Desempenho de indivíduos acometidos por traumatismo cranioencefálico no teste n-back auditivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-03012014-150743/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The term working memory (WM) refers to a construct cognitive capability of storing and keeping information on line to a determined use for a limited time, enabling the manipulation of diverse simultaneous and sequential information such as long or complex mathematical operations, comprehension of less frequent words, extensive or complex sentences. The language is among the cognitive functions which depends on the operational memory behavior and may be engaged in many pathological conditions, among them the TBI (traumatic brain injury). Literature dada relative to such population are still restrict or weak. AIM: investigate whether the n -back task is a valid measure for identifying memory deficits in patients with TBI; establish cutoff and ROC curve of n-back task; to compare performance between normals individuals and those who have suffered TBI; to compare n-back task with tests of language and aspects of neurological injury, such as severity, coma and hemispheric laterality of the lesion to verify the performance and relevance in the separation of cases. METHODOS: 53 individuals Brazilians (26 adults with TBI and 30 healthy adults) were assessed by a battery of auditory verbal stimuli for detecting differences between groups in the processing capacity of working memory, as the accuracy and span also check the relationship of working memory to language skills, through the comparison tests. RESULTS: in the comparison between patients and control subjects was observed statistically significant differences between groups thus to the tests as the basis tests as to results of the n -back. The groups were statistically matched in relation to socio-demographic variables (age, education and gender). The statistical model with variables of the n -back test showed good separation of cases where patients / control with the area under the ROC curve of 89 % . The model also showed convergence with language tests for auditory comprehension of sentences, verbal fluency and pragmatic - discursive aspects and the cognitive level. The side of the lesion was statistically significant for the n -back, verbal fluency and conversational discourse. CONCLUSION: the results demonstrated that the n-back on the way it was designed is able to distinguish the changed individuals and the normal on the working memory ability. On the study it was possible to discriminate the behaviors of individuals with acquired brain injury and healthy individuals regarding the accuracy and maximum capacity of manipulating information on the working memory. Such behavior reflects the linguistic and cognitive function which correlates with the working memory mechanism
Duis, Sandra S. "Differential performances on the wide range assessment of memory and learning of children diagnosed with reading disorder, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and traumatic brain injury." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063200.
Full textDepartment of Educational Psychology
Breustedt, Sarah. "Autobiographical memory functioning and response to inpatient treatment for people diagnosed with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders : and clinical research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8486/.
Full textChambers, Stuart Alva. "Short-Burst-High-Intensity Exercise to Improve Working Memory in Preadolescent Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, Piedmont College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111590.
Full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most challenging children’s public health concerns today. Children diagnosed with ADHD struggle more academically and are at a significant risk of lower academic achievement, increased grade-level retention, and additional diagnoses of learning disabilities. Symptoms of ADHD primarily arise from deficits in specific executive function (EF) domains, one of which is working memory (WM). Children diagnosed are impaired on tasks that specifically measure WM capacity and short-term visuo-spatial memory. In this study, four fifth-grade students diagnosed with ADHD were administered a variety of assessments. WM was measured through a math vocabulary recall, visuo-spatial WM via a computerized Corsi Block Tapping Test, and WM capacity was assessed through an Operation Span Task. In addition, on-task behavior was determined using the partial interval recording process with overall mathematical skill based knowledge being evaluated through a pre and post assessment. Using the ABAB Withdrawal Single-Case Research Design, a 10-min intervention of short burst high intensity exercise was introduced. Participants were assessed each session (daily) and exhibited improvement on all measurements during the intervention conditions of the study.
The results suggest that a vigorous 10-min daily regime of short-burst-high-intensity exercise improves the working memory and on-task behavior of preadolescent children diagnosed with ADHD.
Jones, Danielle K., P. Drew, C. Elsey, D. Blackburn, S. Wakefield, K. Harkness, and M. Reuber. "Conversational assessment in memory clinic encounters: interactional profiling for differentiating dementia from functional memory disorders." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8326.
Full textObjectives: In the UK dementia is under-diagnosed, there is limited access to specialist memory clinics, and many of the patients referred to such clinics are ultimately found to have functional (non-progressive) memory disorders (FMD), rather than a neurodegenerative disorder. Government initiatives on ‘timely diagnosis’ aim to improve the rate and quality of diagnosis for those with dementia. This study seeks to improve the screening and diagnostic process by analysing communication between clinicians and patients during initial specialist clinic visits. Establishing differential conversational profiles could help the timely differential diagnosis of memory complaints. Method: This study is based on video- and audio recordings of 25 initial consultations between neurologists and patients referred to a UK memory clinic. Conversation analysis was used to explore recurrent communicative practices associated with each diagnostic group. Results: Two discrete conversational profiles began to emerge, to help differentiate between patients with dementia and functional memory complaints, based on (1) whether the patient is able to answer questions about personal information; (2) whether they can display working memory in interaction; (3) whether they are able to respond to compound questions; (4) the time taken to respond to questions; and (5) the level of detail they offer when providing an account of their memory failure experiences. Conclusion: The distinctive conversational profiles observed in patients with functional memory complaints on the one hand and neurodegenerative memory conditions on the other suggest that conversational profiling can support the differential diagnosis of functional and neurodegenerative memory disorders.
Elsey, C., P. Drew, Danielle K. Jones, D. Blackburn, S. Wakefield, K. Harkness, A. Venneri, and M. Reuber. "Towards diagnostic conversational profiles of patients presenting with dementia or functional memory disorders to memory clinics." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8324.
Full textObjective This study explores whether the profile of patients’ interactional behaviour in memory clinic conversations with a doctor can contribute to the clinical differentiation between functional memory disorders (FMD) and memory problems related to neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Conversation Analysis of video recordings of neurologists’ interactions with patients attending a specialist memory clinic. “Gold standard” diagnoses were made independently of CA findings by a multi-disciplinary team based on clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing and brain imaging. Results Two discrete conversational profiles for patients with memory complaints emerged, including (i) who attends the clinic (i.e., whether or not patients are accompanied), and (ii) patients’ responses to neurologists’ questions about memory problems, such as difficulties with compound questions and providing specific and elaborated examples and frequent “I don’t know” responses. Conclusion Specific communicative difficulties are characteristic of the interaction patterns of patients with a neurodegenerative pathology. Those difficulties are manifest in memory clinic interactions with neurologists, thereby helping to differentiate patients with dementia from those with FMD. Practical implications Our findings demonstrate that conversational profiles based on patients’ contributions to memory clinic encounters have diagnostic potential to assist the screening and referral process from primary care, and the diagnostic service in secondary care.
Reuber, M., D. Blackburn, C. Elsey, S. Wakefield, K. Ardern, K. Harkness, A. Venneri, Danielle K. Jones, C. Shaw, and P. Drew. "An interactional profile to assist the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative and functional memory disorders." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15909.
Full textSpecialist services for dementia are seeing an increasing number of patients. We investigated whether interactional and linguistic features in the communication behaviour of patients with memory problems could help distinguish between those with problems secondary to neurological disorders (ND) and those with Functional Memory Disorder (FMD). In Part 1 of this study, a Diagnostic Scoring Aid (DSA) was developed encouraging linguists to provide quantitative ratings for 14 interactional features. An optimal cut-off differentiating ND and FMD was established by applying the DSA to 30 initial patient-doctor memory clinic encounters. In Part 2, the DSA was tested prospectively in ten additional cases analysed independently by two Conversation Analysts blinded to medical information. In part one, the median score of the DSA was +5 in ND and -5 in FMD (p<0.001). The optimal numeric DSA cut off (+1) identified patients with ND with a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 100%. In part two, DSA scores of rater one correctly predicted 10/10 and those of rater two 9/10 diagnoses. This study indicates that interactional and linguistic features can help distinguish between patients developing dementia and those with FMD and could aid the stratification of patients with memory problems.
NIHR Research for Patient Benefit (RfPB) Programme: PB-PG-0211-24079 – Using Conversation Analysis in the Differential Diagnosis of Memory Problems: a pilot study. 2013-2015
Everett, Carrey. "The efficacy of Scleron® in the treatment of age-related memory loss." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3135.
Full textMemory loss refers to the loss of ability to learn new information and the inability to retrieve information previously learnt (Karlawish & Clark, 2003). It is estimated that more than 40% of individuals over the age of 60 are affected by memory loss (Jackson, 2004). There are no recommended treatment options available for mild forms of memory loss (D‟Esposito & Weksler, 2000). The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the anthroposophical medicine, Scleron® in the treatment of memory loss associated with ageing, assessed by digit span; verbal and visual recall and recognition and a memory questionnaire. The trial was a double-blind placebo controlled study using matched pairs. Participants selected to take part in the study were between the ages of 60 and 75 and presented with subjective symptoms of memory loss. Participants were excluded from the study if they scored less than 24 out of 30 on the Mini-Mental State Exam; were previously diagnosed with memory or cognitive disorders; had a previous history of stroke, epilepsy, head injury, psychiatric disease and drug or alcohol dependence. Participants were divided into two groups in matched pairs according to age, education level, occupation and Mini-Mental State Exam scores. At the start of the study, participants completed a memory test and memory questionnaire. Participants in the experimental group received Scleron®, while participants in the placebo group received unmedicated tablets. Participants were required to take 2 tablets in the morning for a period of six weeks. The memory test and memory questionnaire was once again completed by participants at the end of the study. Thirty six participants completed the study. The results of the study were analysed and frequencies and descriptives were calculated for the sample group. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the data within groups, while the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results between the two groups. iv After analysis of the results of the study, it was concluded that Scleron® did not appear to improve the symptoms of memory loss when using tests of digit span, verbal and visual recall or verbal and visual recognition. Furthermore, it did not appear to improve subjective symptoms of memory loss assessed by the use of a memory questionnaire.