Academic literature on the topic 'Memory disorders – Diagnosis'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Memory disorders – Diagnosis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Memory disorders – Diagnosis"
1
O'NEILL, D., D. J. SURMON, and G. K. WILCOCK. "Longitudinal Diagnosis of Memory Disorders." Age and Ageing 21, no. 6 (1992): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/21.6.393.
Full text
2
Dutkiewicz, Justyna, and Andrzej Friedman. "DIAGNOSIS OF AUTONOMIC DISORDERS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 4 (2020): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202004136.
Full textAbstract:
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Among non-motor symptoms we distinguish psychotic disorders, memory disorders, autonomic disorders. The aim: In this article, we want to draw attention to the most common symptoms of dysautonomy in Parkinson’s disease, and the methods of their assessmen and therapy.
3
Delgadillo, Mia, Megan Frank, Aidan Boese, Tilman Schulte, and J. Kaci Fairchild. "Psychiatric Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.944.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Psychiatric disorders pose a unique risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prior research indicates psychiatric disorders in MCI increase AD vulnerability. Less research has been done to understand how psychiatric disorders may affect the development of MCI. Understanding these potentially modifiable risk factors is important as they may represent a potential target of intervention for secondary prevention of AD. The present study examines the relationship between psychiatric disorders and amnestic MCI (aMCI) in a sample of Veterans with subjective memory complaints. The sample included 150 older adults with subjective memory complaints (90% male, age = 70.6±8.2). aMCI diagnosis was based upon performance on the delayed recall trials of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory II of the Wechsler Memory Scale-4th edition. Psychiatric disorders (e.g., Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders) were assessed using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that diagnosis of anxiety disorders, but not mood or substance use disorders, was significantly associated with aMCI status. Specifically, older adults with an anxiety disorder were less likely to have aMCI than those older adults without an anxiety disorder. Additional analyses revealed that within those with aMCI (n=107), persons with a psychiatric disorder were significantly younger than those without a psychiatric disorder by an average of 6 years. These findings support prior research on the complex relationship of anxiety and cognitive impairment as well as suggest that those with psychiatric disorders may be at risk for developing aMCI at younger ages.
4
Wertheimer, J. "Affective Disorders and Organic Mental Disorders." International Psychogeriatrics 3, S1 (March 1991): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205001109.
Full textAbstract:
Depression in old patients can be isolated or associated with dementia. In the first instance signs and symptoms sometimes mimic a demented state: disinterest, lack of initiative, mnesic complaints, slowing of thinking, learning difficulties. The EEG and the CT scan are useful in differential diagnosis, the value of the neuropsychological evaluation being compromised by lack of cooperation. In the second case the consequences of depression vary according to degree of severity of the dementia. In mild cases it can transitorily increase memory disturbances. In moderate and severe levels we see more regressive behavior. Sometimes we must wait for the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medication before we can establish the diagnosis with finality. The diagnosis of “pseudo-dementia” is only a provisional concept.
5
Valverde Barea, M., M. Solis, E. Perdiguero Sempere, M. Ortigosa Luque, and J. Santiago Paris. "Language disorders or mild cognitive disorder. About a case." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S656—S657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1685.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Patients with mild cognitive impairment may present deficits in naming, speech production, oral comprehension and written comprehension. In the differential diagnosis, cerebrovascular disease that can lead to cognitive impairment must also be differentiated from endogenous depressive disorder or language impairment. Objectives The aim is to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in cognitive disorders in relation to a case. Methods A 68-year-old female patient attended a psychiatric consultation derived from neurology when presenting a language disorder. The husband who accompanies her and the patient indicate that she has problems finding words and substitutes other expressions for them or sometimes does not answer or does so with something different from the topic that is being asked. She refers that she presents repetitive language with memory problems, alteration in the evocation of memories. The patient reports mood swings and irritability and crying with a low tolerance for frustration since she cannot express herself. Cranial MRI: cortical and central involutional changes. Periventricular leukoaraiosis and ischemic gliosis-like lesions in the white matter of both hemispheres. Psychopathological exploration: Conscious, oriented. She smiles at the questions but doesn’t answer them. Repetitive language. Alteration in the articulation of language. Depressed mood reactive to current situation. Some irritability Alteration in recent memory and evocation. Results She was diagnosed with organic mental disorder compatible with mild cognitive impairment. Treatment with rehabilitation of the language disorder of vascular etiology is established. Conclusions Imaging and neuropsychological tests should always be performed in a patient with language, memory, and mood disorders to study its etiology. Disclosure No significant relationships.
6
Vyas, N. S., and S. Frangou. "Neurocognitive Vulnerability Indicators in Psychosis." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71450-6.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Cognitive impairments are considered a component of the extended clinical syndrome of schizophrenia. the aim of the current project was to investigate putative cognitive deficits in individuals with Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS; defined herein as onset before the age of 18) and their relatives.Methods:53 EOS probands and 117 unaffected first-degree-relatives were examined on memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised), verbal learning and recognition (California Verbal Learning Test), and attention (SPAN of apprehension test and degraded-stimulus continuous performance test (DS-CPT)). the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV yielded four diagnostic groups: EOS probands; relatives with Mood Disorders; other Axis I diagnoses; and no diagnosis (healthy). Analysis of co-variance was performed with diagnosis as fixed factor and age as covariate.Results:EOS probands under performed on General Memory, Verbal Memory and Delayed Recall indices (WMS-R) compared to their relatives. both EOS and relatives with a mood disorder performed less well on Visual memory and Attention/Concentration indices [p< 0.001]. Relatives without Axis I diagnosis differentiated from EOS on all indices [p< 0.01]. Verbal learning and recognition impairments segregated in EOS and differentiated patients from their relatives. EOS probands and relatives with an Axis I diagnoses showed rapid visual information processing impairments (SPAN) compared to healthy relatives, while sustained attention (DS-CPT) remained relatively preserved in EOS and relatives.Conclusions:Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may be mediated by visual information processing impairments, which differentiates healthy relatives from relatives with an Axis I diagnosis. Sustained attention seems to be a selective strength in EOS and relatives.
7
Krivonozhkina, P. S., N. A. Chernaya, V. V. Miroshnikova, Ye P. Makarenko, Kh Sh Ansarov, and Yu S. Vorobyova. "Chorea without chorea or mental disorders as a mask of Huntington’s disease." Russian neurological journal 26, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2021-26-1-34-38.
Full textAbstract:
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an orphan disease with an average incidence of 5.5 cases per 100 000 population. It is characterized by a high degree of penetrance, variable expressivity, manifestation in different age periods. This disorder, transmitted in an autosomal dominant way, does not have gender differences. The disease often progresses slowly but steadily over many years, eventually leading to severe disability. The clinical picture of this disease has a pathognomonic combination of neurological (extrapyramidal) and neuropsychiatric disorders. With the addition of mental disorders, especially dementia, the diagnosis of HD becomes more likely and obvious. However, if disorders in the mental sphere, including irritability, irascibility, apathy, abulia, delirium, hallucinations, impaired memory and attention, become the debut of the disease, then they largely mask clinical picture. In such cases, patients are hastily made other diagnoses: psychopathy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and others. You should be wary of the possible secondary nature of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients, especially young patients.
8
Devi, Gayatri. "Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: A Manual for Memory Disorders Teams." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 12, no. 2 (May 2000): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.12.2.281.
Full text
9
TUCKER, GARY J. "Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: A Manual for Memory Disorders Teams." American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 11 (November 2001): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1949.
Full text
10
Gottfries, C. G. "Classifying Organic Mental Disorders and Dementia—A Review of Historical Perspectives." International Psychogeriatrics 3, S1 (March 1991): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205001092.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of dementia should not be used synonymously with the concept of organic mental disorders. By definition, according to DSM-III and ICD-10, dementia is a syndrome which includes memory impairment. The severity of the disorder is disabling and the course is chronic. Differential diagnosis includes age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), delirium, and depressive disorders. The dementias may be subdivided into four groups: idiopathic (primary degenerative dementias), vascular, secondary, and others. The idiopathic dementias are those in which etiology is assumed to be found within the brain itself. The main subgroup is Alzheimer-type dementia. The vascular dementias are those in which the blood supply to the brain is insufficient. Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is the prototype. In secondary dementias, somatic disorders either within or external to the brain cause the dementia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Memory disorders – Diagnosis"
1
Clarnette, Roger M. "Predictors of cognitive decline in those with subjective memory complaint." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0245.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] Background: Dementia, largely due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a major public health problem. The early identification of disease is an important challenge for clinicians because treatment of AD is now available. A simple and accurate means of stratifying risk for AD and identifying early disease is needed so that risk factor modification and treatment can occur optimally. To date, despite many attempts, an accurate means of standardising an approach to the assessment of subtle cognitive symptoms has not been developed. A subjective complaint of poor memory has been identified as a possible marker for underlying brain disease. This study examines the utility of neuropsychological scores, homocysteine levels, APOE genotyping and brain imaging as predictors of cognitive decline in individuals with subjective memory complaint (SMC). Method Eighty subjects with SMC were recruited from memory clinics and the community (MC: 1). Forty-two control subjects were also examined (MC: 0). CAMDEX was used to describe baseline clinical features. The CAMCOG was used as a global test of cognition and was administered annually for four years. At baseline, neuropsychological testing was administered. Cranial CT scanning, measurement of plasma homocysteine and APOE genotyping were completed. Categorical variables were analysed using chi-square according to Pearson's method. Continuous data was analysed using Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent contributors to the presence of memory complaint. Participants were then matched for age, gender and time to follow-up (up for three years) to determine longitudinal predictors of cognitive decline. ... Baseline CAMCOG scores were greater in the control group (MC:0 = 98.3 ? 2.8, MC:1 94.2 ? 5.5, Z ?4.46, p 0.000). There were no differences in neuropsychological scores, concentration of total plasma homocysteine, APOE genotype or brain scan measurements. Using the Wald stepwise selection method, logistic regression could not be established due to non-convergence regardless of whether or not the continuous variables were re-coded into dichotomous variables. A matching process that created 32 pairs of controls/subjects allowed follow-up analysis. The controls showed significant improvement with time on the CAMCOG unlike subjects (mean ? SD, controls 1.5 ?-3.0, Z - 2.61, p 0.01, subjects 0.2 ? 3.2, Z ? 0.24, p 0.81). The logistic regression analysis showed that group membership could not be defined by any single independent variable. When group membership was abandoned and those with stable scores were compared to those who declined no clear meaningful independent predictors of decline apart from age were identified. Conclusions: Methodological issues such as small sample size and inadequate follow up duration were identified that may have precluded identification of predictive factors for cognitive decline. The results indicate that complaints of memory problems are not associated with established risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and fail to predict objective cognitive decline over three years. Future studies should continue trying to identify robust predictors of cognitive decline in later life.
2
Tarantello, Concetta. "The role of subjective memory complaints in predicting cognitive impairment associated with future Alzheimer’s disease: a community based study." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6190.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)In recent years there has been a substantial increase in research examining the role of subjective memory complaints (SMC) in cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease. These studies have related SMC to many different cognitive outcomes, such as retaining normal cognitive function, a fluctuating cognitive performance and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Most of these studies have focused on older populations and have employed a limited assessment of cognitive function. This limits the available evidence regarding the clinical utility of SMC. The literature on the role of SMC in younger subjects is scarce. It is not known whether memory complaints are useful in predicting future cases of Alzheimer’s disease in younger community-based subjects. Aims: The main aim of the present study was to determine whether SMC predict the development of cognitive impairment in a younger cohort of subjects, many of whom were under the age of 70 years (73%), based on their risk profile and neuropsychological assessment. A further aim was to ascertain whether the DRS or 7MS are sensitive screening tools for MCI and examine whether the presence of SMC affects the 3-year cognitive outcome of subjects. To address these aims, this study consisted of two parts: a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal follow-up component. Methods: This study was carried out with 86 community-dwelling subjects recruited via advertisement within the catchment area of Central Sydney Area Health Service. The mean age of the subjects was 63.1 years (SD=8.4). Subjective memory complaints were assessed using a single question. Cognitive function was assessed using a comprehensive battery of tests, selected on the basis of their sensitivity to identifying cognitive impairment typically associated with Alzheimer’s disease. After the initial analysis between those with SMC and without SMC, subjects were further classified according to their performance on an episodic memory task (i.e., delayed verbal recall, Rey, 1964) as having normal memory function, SMC or aMCI. Results: Part 1 - Subjective memory complaints (SMC) were reported by 63% of the sample. The initial analysis between subjects with SMC (n=54) and without SMC (n=32) suggested an initial relationship between SMC and cognitive functioning. Subjects with SMC had impaired global cognitive functioning on two brief screening tests (7MS and DRS), working memory, verbal recall and visuomotor speed. However, subsequent screening with the delayed verbal recall test showed that 12 of the 54 subjects with SMC demonstrated significant cognitive impairment, scoring 2 SD below the control group mean. After these subjects were removed to form the aMCI group, the cognitive differences between subjects with SMC and without SMC were no longer apparent. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of multiple cognitive deficits (below 1 SD of control group mean) with a high percentage of subjects demonstrating impairment on tests of verbal learning, verbal recall, verbal ability and visuomotor speed. Further analysis showed a significant association between age and subjects identified as having SMC (r=-.581, p<.001) and aMCI (r=.692, p<.001). From the age of 60 onwards, both the SMC and aMCI groups demonstrated a more rapid cognitive decline with increasing age in several cognitive domains. Part 2 - After a mean interval of 3.2 years, 43 subjects were followed up. Subjects with aMCI showed evidence of greater decline on both screening tests (7MS; DRS), whilst the SMC group had significantly higher scores. This trend was also apparent with other neuropsychological testing. The analysis of change over time in cognitive function showed that the majority of subjects (both SMC aMCI) either remained stable or improved their cognitive performance. It is likely that the small sample size and short follow-up interval of the present study contributed to the present observation of no change in cognitive function over time. Discussion: The present findings suggest that subjective memory complaints are a poor predictor of cognitive function. In isolation, SMC are unlikely to be useful for identifying cases with significant cognitive impairment. This is particularly relevant for subjects under the age of 70 years. However, for subjects over the age of 70 years, SMC are likely to identify significant cases with neuropsychological assessment (such as animal fluency and delayed recall). Conclusion: The present study showed that SMC are a poor predictor of cognitive function in subjects under the age of 70 years. This study provided evidence that selected and relatively quick to administer formal neuropsychological tests of cognitive function (in particular tests of animal fluency and delayed recall) are better able to identify those at risk of developing cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease, at an earlier age. This would thus allow exposure to earlier treatment options, such as donepezil, aricept, vitamin E, and memantine”.
3
Pesonen, H. M. (Hanna-Mari). "Managing life with a memory disorder:the mutual processes of those with memory disorders and their family caregivers following a diagnosis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207872.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The prevalence of memory disorders is increasing worldwide due to an aging population. The condition affects not only those with the disorder, but also their families and the wider social network. Establishing services that meet the needs of patients and their families is a topical issue and requires knowledge produced from service user viewpoints. However there remains limited knowledge of how families manage their lives when there is a memory disorder. This study produces a substantive theory that describes the processes of managing life after disclosure of a progressive memory disorder from the viewpoint of individuals with that diagnosis and their family caregivers. A qualitative longitudinal research design informed by grounded theory methodology was undertaken. Research data were gathered for 2006–2009 using in-depth interviews (n=40) from those with the memory disorder (n=8) and their family caregivers (n=8). The data were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis. A core category ‘Accepting memory disorder as part of family life’ with related categories and subcategories was formulated from the gathered data. Family illness trajectory begins when patients or close relatives recognize the symptoms. Diagnosis of memory disorder is a turning point in that trajectory. It changes the course of lives for both individuals and their whole family and leads families to seek a new equilibrium. Altering life challenges people with the diagnosis and their family caregivers to restructure their roles and identities. Adjusting to altering self and adapting to the new role of caregiver are intertwined processes. Families strive to manage these changes by acknowledging available qualities and resources, seeking meaningful social support and living for today. Managing life with a memory disorder produces mutual processes in families that contain both positive and negative factors. Accepting memory disorder as part of family life represents a hope-fostering adjustment. The findings confirm and supplement the knowledge base in nursing science of family experiences and the means families use for managing life after diagnosis of a progressive memory disorder. These findings can be well utilized by professionals working with patients and their families who are living with newly diagnosed memory disorder while also advancing nursing educationTiivistelmä Väestön ikääntymisen vuoksi muistisairauksien esiintyvyys on kasvussa koko maailmassa. Etenevä muistisairaus vaikuttaa sekä sairastuneiden että perheiden elämään, ja heidän tarpeisiinsa vastaavien palvelujen kehittäminen on ajankohtaista. Perheiden selviytymistä koskevaa tutkimustietoa palvelujen kehittämiseksi on kuitenkin rajallisesti. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää aineistolähtöinen teoria, joka kuvaa muistisairaiden ja omaishoitajien elämänhallinnan prosesseja muistisairausdiagnoosin varmistumisen jälkeen. Tutkimus oli laadullinen pitkittäistutkimus, jossa aineisto kerättiin vuosina 2006–2009 syvähaastattelemalla (n=40) sekä sairastuneita (n=8) että heidän omaisiaan (n=8). Aineisto analysoitiin grounded theory -metodologian jatkuvan vertailun analyysimenetelmällä. Tutkimuksessa tuotetun aineistolähtöisen teorian ydinkategoriaksi muodostui ’Muistisairauden hyväksyminen osaksi perheen elämää’. Ydinkategoriaan olivat yhteydessä pää- ja alakategoriat, jotka kuvasivat vastavuoroisia elämänhallinnan prosesseja perheessä. Perheiden kehityskulku muistisairauden kanssa käynnistyi ennen diagnoosin varmistumista, kun sairastunut itse tai hänen läheisensä kiinnittivät huomiota oireisiin. Muistisairausdiagnoosi oli käännekohta, joka muutti perheiden elämänkulun suuntaa ja johti etsimään uutta tasapainoa elämässä. Muuttuva elämäntilanne haastoi sairastuneet ja heidän omaisensa rakentamaan uudelleen käsitystä itsestään ja sosiaalisista rooleistaan. Sairastuneiden kokemuksena tämä tarkoitti sopeutumista muuttuvaan itseen ja omaisten kokemuksena mukautumista uuteen omaishoitajan rooliin. Nämä kehityshaasteet kytkeytyivät toisiinsa. Perheet pyrkivät selviytymään muuttuvassa elämäntilanteessaan huomioimalla käytettävissä olevat voimavarat, hyödyntämällä merkityksellistä sosiaalista tukea ja tavoittelemalla elämää tässä ja nyt. Muistisairaiden ja omaishoitajien vastavuoroiset elämänhallinnan prosessit sisälsivät sekä myönteisiä että kielteisiä tekijöitä. Muistisairauden hyväksyminen osaksi perheen elämää merkitsi toivoa vahvistavaa sopeutumista. Tutkimustulokset täydentävät hoitotieteen tietoperustaa perheiden kokemuksista ja elämänhallinnan keinoista muistisairausdiagnoosin varmistumisen jälkeen. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää sekä käytännön hoitotyössä tuettaessa muistisairaita ja heidän perheitään diagnoosin jälkeen että hoitotyön koulutuksessa
4
Solstrand, Dahlberg Linda. "Assessment of Function, Structure and Working Memory in Adolescents with a Recent Diagnosis of an Eating Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Funktionell farmakologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259050.
Full textAbstract:
Body, weight and shape related obsessions and ruminations are characteristic traits of individuals with eating disorders (ED) that are found to predate the onset of the disorder. Individuals with chronic ED display altered neural activation in response to food stimuli, and are reported to have volumetric differences compared to healthy individuals, which is likely an effect of prolonged starvation. ED individuals are also seen to dispose an attentional bias to food stimuli, even when perceived sub-consciously, which are reported to interfere with cognitive tasks, including working memory (WM). However, whether the differences in neural activation and structure are present in adolescents with a recent ED diagnosis is not known. In paper I we describe how images of high- and low-calorie foods resulted in greater responses in the prefrontal circuitry in ED adolescents compared to healthy controls (HC). Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in ED individuals were associated with prefrontal circuitry and cerebellar activation, whereas faster reaction times to the WM were associated with greater superior frontal gyrus activity. The findings indicate that ED cognitions may be linked to WM abilities, both of which are associated with frontal cortex functioning. WM performance is examined further in paper II, where we found that the presence of subliminal food images were seen to disrupt WM performance in terms of slower reaction times and less correct responses in ED but not HC. The WM interference was associated with increased activity in the parietal and superior temporal cortex. WM interference caused by subliminal food stimuli may reflect a pre-attentive bias to food in adolescents with ED, which could be a risk factor for further development of an ED. The structural differences in brain volume between adolescents with ED and HC were examined in paper III. ED symptoms were found to be associated with volume differences in insular cortex and superior temporal gyrus, whereas obsessive-compulsive symptoms were associated with reduced volumes in the putamen and cerebellum. These volumetric differences in regions implicated in restraint, obsessions and WM are likely to precede structural variations caused by starvation as seen in chronic ED’s. Connectivity from these regions, in addition to other regions believed to be implicated in ED, was studied in paper IV. Fronto-parietal regions as well as the insula showed increased connectivity in ED, whereas connectivity from the mesolimbic reward regions did not differ from HC. Regions with increased connectivity in ED are involved with self-awareness, body image and ED related ruminations, connections that could influence how one’s body is perceived. In conclusion, the studies included in this thesis describes changes in functional activity, connectivity and brain volume in regions involved with ED cognitions, eating behaviour, and body image in adolescents recently diagnosed with an ED.
5
Lam, Wai-tak Ronny, and 林偉德. "Validation of modified fuld object-memory evaluation (FOME) for screening of geriatric population with cognitive impairment in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010730.
Full text
6
McCann, Geoff. "The Use Of The Cognitive Status Examination In Detecting Cognitive Impairment In Elderly People." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1538.
Full textAbstract:
Dementia is a growing social problem in Australia because as the population ages, the incidence of dementia increases. While the prevalence rates are only about I% at age 65, they double every five years until by 85 years of age the rate is over 24%. It is expected that by the year 2030, the number of elderly people with dementia will increase by 200%. Dementia is easily recognized in its advanced stages but can be overlooked in the early phase. Family members, care-givers and even the treating medical practitioner may mistakenly attribute the early decline in mental function to the normal aging process. A diagnostic instrument that is easy to administer and score yet is sensitive and specific to the detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly may prove to be of significant benefit to clinicians and assist care-givers and family members in treatment decisions, accommodation requirements and the timely provision of a range of support services. This study investigates the use of the Cognitive Status Examination (CSE) for detecting brain impairment in elderly people. The Cognitive Status Examination comprises the Cognitive Difficulties Scale and a Letter Symbol Substitution Task. It was developed as a screening instrument to detect Alcohol Related Brain Impairment and has proved to be 80% sensitive and 88% specific in detecting brain impairment in that group. This study extended those results to males and females aged 65 years and over with early dementia. A sample of 58 community-dwelling, elderly people aged 65 years and above and a clinical sample of 44 in-patients who were diagnosed with early dementia completed the Cognitive Status Examination. An existing groups, quasi-experimental research design was used. The Cognitive Status Examination proved to be marginally useful as a screening instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly people with early stage dementia with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 93% when the original cut-off scores were used. A revised cut-off score, determined by trial and error, was developed. This resulted in a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 77.3%, but even with such ad hoc adjustments the CSE fell marginally short of the required 80% for both specifications. Use of the CSE may enable clinicians to utilize existing resources more effectively by referring elderly people in need to appropriate medical care, accommodation and community support services, but further research is required to confirm the revised cutting scores for the CSE. Regression analysis showed that a combination of the raw LST score and the BDI score gained over 90% sensitivity and specificity, and such an actuarial approach also shows promise for future development.
7
Ragnehed, Mattias. "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis : Exploring and Improving the Examination Chain." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18095.
Full text
8
Bennett, Elizabeth G. "Visual dysfunction : a contributing factor in memory deficits, and therefore learning difficulties?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/266.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is based on Educational Therapy (ET) practice which has found eye muscle imbalance is a key factor to be addressed in management of learning difficulties (LD). This level of oculo-motor (o-m) function is a 'hidden' handicap as individuals are unaware of the problem; it is not routinely tested; and is not generally included in learning difficulties research. O-m function is omitted in standard paediatric optometry tests, and in school vision screening. Eye exercises increase the range of binocular fields of vision by employing stereopsis glasses and red/green slides. Central vision loss was uncovered when students reported words, seen by only the right eye, "disappear" or "switch on and off". When the left eye was covered, right eye vision returned but was lost again with binocular vision, even though larger shapes on the screen remained complete. In effect, global vision was unaffected while right eye central (foveal) vision was suppressed. This is considered significant because students attending ET have learning difficulties with phonemic memory, spelling and reading deficits, which are predominantly left hemisphere processes. The aim of this three-part study, consisting of School Survey, ET Intervention study and Case studies, was to: a) determine whether o-m dysfunction was found in a girls' school population and/or was associated with LD; b) set up an Intervention study to explore the effects of vision training on the outcomes of a subsequent week-long word-skills programme in the ET practice. Two case studies we're also examined, that of matched senior school boys whose outcomes were significantly different; and c) examine more closely the common pattern of muscle imbalance in two case studies of current junior school students. This tested the therapy assumption that mal-adaptive sensory feedback was contributing to o-m dysfunction. This notion is based on the Luria (1973) Model of Levels of Neural Function which provides the framework for ET practice, and the Developmental Model of LD that has evolved in application and explanation. Part 1 School Survey. This exploratory, cross-sectional study included a randomised sample of 277 participants in a private girl's school. A 7-10 minute screening was provided by five optometrists, with an expanded protocol including o-m function. Also assessed were academic standards of reading comprehension and spelling, reasoning, visual perception, phonological skills, auditory, visual and phonemic memory, and arm dominance. Results showed visual dysfunction and mixed eye dominance in approximately equal numbers. Of the 47% girls with visual dysfunction, not all had literacy problems; however, LD students had corresponding degrees of o-m dysfunction, memory deficit and mixed hand / arm dominance. Part 2 Intervention study. The Research Question for the Intervention Study was: Does the difference in learning standards depend on which eye is disadvantaged in the case of weak binocularity? This question was answered by determining the outcomes to literacy levels once normal binocular o-m function and stable eye dominance were established. Twenty-four students (6 to 18 years) had Behavioural Optometry assessment prior to commencing therapy and were found to have o-m dysfunction, undetected by previous standard optometry tests. Eye exercise results showed 62.5% of the group had changed from left to right eye dominance. The dominance criterion was set by this group, indicated by the right eye holding fixation through full range of fusional reserves (binocular overlap), together with superior eye-tracking speed >20% by the right, compared to the left, eye. Associated significant gains in literacy and phonemic memory were also achieved by the newly established 'right-eyed' group. In spite of undergoing identical treatment, the 'left-eyed' group retained limited foveal binocularity, and made less progress in literacy outcomes. Part 3 Two current Case Studies. Present ET practice benefited from insights gained from the 36% 'unsuccessful' participants of the previous study. Better therapy outcomes are achieved from an integrative motor-sensory approach, supported by Podiatry and Cranial Osteopathy. This detailed study involved two junior school boys who exemplified a common pattern of physical anomalies. For example, RW (8-year old male) had 'minimal brain damage' and LD that co-occur with unstable feet and o-m control, postural muscle imbalance, poor balance, motor co-ordination and dyspraxia. After 18, two-hour therapy sessions over nine months, he is now reading well, his motor co-ordination, eye tracking and writing are within the ‘low normal range’, and he is interacting competently with his peers. Learning difficulties can be conceptualised as a profile of immaturities. The results of this three part study have shown that once the 'hidden' handicap of right eye suppression is overcome with balanced binocular fields of vision, learning difficulties arc ameliorated. This is affirmed by the positive gains achieved by these students, not only in literacy skills but also 'outgrowing' immaturity in motor-sensory-perceptual development.
9
Cook, Sarah E. "The diagnostic utility of subjective memory questionnaires in normal and pathological aging." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004803.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 93 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
10
Calado, Vanessa Tome Gonçalves. "Desempenho de indivíduos acometidos por traumatismo cranioencefálico no teste n-back auditivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-03012014-150743/.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: O termo memória operacional (MO) refere-se a um constructo cognitivo capaz de armazenar e manter a informação acessível para uso determinado por um tempo limitado, possibilitando a manipulação de diversas informações simultâneas e sequenciais como operações matemáticas longas ou complexas, compreensão de palavras pouco frequentes, extensas ou frases complexas. A linguagem está entre as funções cognitivas que dependem do funcionamento da memória operacional e pode estar comprometida em várias condições patológicas, dentre elas o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). Dados da literatura referentes a essa população ainda são restritos ou pouco consistentes. OBJETIVOS: investigar se o teste n-back é uma medida válida para identificar o déficit de memória em pacientes com TCE, estabelecer nota de corte e curva ROC do teste n-back, comparar o desempenho entre os indivíduos saudáveis e aqueles que sofreram TCE, comparar o teste n-back com os testes de linguagem e aspectos da lesão neurológica, tais como gravidade e tempo, tempo de coma e localização hemisférica da lesão nos resultados para verificar o desempenho e a relevância na separação dos casos em pacientes e controles.MÉTODOS: 53 indivíduos brasileiros (26 adultos com TCE e 30 adultos saudáveis) foram avaliados por bateria de estímulos verbais auditivos para verificar diferenças inter-grupos na capacidade de processamento da memória operacional, quanto ao numero de respostas corretas (acurácia), capacidade máxima de processamento na memória operacional (span) e também verificar a relação da memória operacional com habilidades linguísticas, através da comparação de testes. RESULTADOS: na comparação entre os pacientes e os indivíduos do grupo controle observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos tanto para os testes de base quanto para os resultados do n-back. Os grupos foram estatisticamente pareados em relação às variáveis sócio-demográficas (idade, escolaridade e gênero). O modelo estatístico com as variáveis do teste n-back demonstrou ótima separação dos casos em pacientes/ controle com a área sob a curva ROC de 89%. O modelo também mostrou convergência com os testes de linguagem para compreensão auditiva de sentenças, fluência verbal e aspectos discursivos-pragmáticos e com o nível cognitivo. O lado da lesão foi estatisticamente significante para o n-back, fluência verbal e discurso conversacional. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que o n-back na maneira como foi desenhado é capaz de diferenciar os indivíduos alterados e os normais na habilidade de memória operacional. No estudo foi possível discriminar o comportamento de indivíduos com lesão encefálica adquirida e indivíduos saudáveis quanto à medida de acurácia e capacidade máxima de manipulação da informação na memória operacional. Esse comportamento reflete o funcionamento linguístico e cognitivo que se correlaciona com o mecanismo de memória operacionalINTRODUCTION: The term working memory (WM) refers to a construct cognitive capability of storing and keeping information on line to a determined use for a limited time, enabling the manipulation of diverse simultaneous and sequential information such as long or complex mathematical operations, comprehension of less frequent words, extensive or complex sentences. The language is among the cognitive functions which depends on the operational memory behavior and may be engaged in many pathological conditions, among them the TBI (traumatic brain injury). Literature dada relative to such population are still restrict or weak. AIM: investigate whether the n -back task is a valid measure for identifying memory deficits in patients with TBI; establish cutoff and ROC curve of n-back task; to compare performance between normals individuals and those who have suffered TBI; to compare n-back task with tests of language and aspects of neurological injury, such as severity, coma and hemispheric laterality of the lesion to verify the performance and relevance in the separation of cases. METHODOS: 53 individuals Brazilians (26 adults with TBI and 30 healthy adults) were assessed by a battery of auditory verbal stimuli for detecting differences between groups in the processing capacity of working memory, as the accuracy and span also check the relationship of working memory to language skills, through the comparison tests. RESULTS: in the comparison between patients and control subjects was observed statistically significant differences between groups thus to the tests as the basis tests as to results of the n -back. The groups were statistically matched in relation to socio-demographic variables (age, education and gender). The statistical model with variables of the n -back test showed good separation of cases where patients / control with the area under the ROC curve of 89 % . The model also showed convergence with language tests for auditory comprehension of sentences, verbal fluency and pragmatic - discursive aspects and the cognitive level. The side of the lesion was statistically significant for the n -back, verbal fluency and conversational discourse. CONCLUSION: the results demonstrated that the n-back on the way it was designed is able to distinguish the changed individuals and the normal on the working memory ability. On the study it was possible to discriminate the behaviors of individuals with acquired brain injury and healthy individuals regarding the accuracy and maximum capacity of manipulating information on the working memory. Such behavior reflects the linguistic and cognitive function which correlates with the working memory mechanism
Books on the topic "Memory disorders – Diagnosis"
1
The diagnosis. New York: Pantheon Books, 2000.
Find full text
2
The diagnosis. London: Bloomsbury, 2000.
Find full text
3
Memory disorders in clinical practice. London: Butterworths, 1988.
Find full text
4
Danny, Wedding, ed. The clinical assessment of memory: A practical guide. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1994.
Find full text
5
R, Solomon Paul, ed. Memory loss: A practical guide for clinicians. [Edinburgh?]: Elsevier Saunders, 2011.
Find full text
6
E, Morley John, ed. Memory function and aging-related disorders. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1992.
Find full text
7
Rehabilitation of memory. New York: Guilford Press, 1987.
Find full text
8
Meyers, John E. B. Rey complex figure test and recognition trial: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1995.
Find full text
9
Diagnosing learning disorders: A neuropsychological framework. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2009.
Find full text
10
Diagnosing learning disorders: A neuropsychological framework. New York: Guilford Press, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Memory disorders – Diagnosis"
1
Cohen, Donna. "Psychopathological perspectives: Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders." In Handbook for clinical memory assessment of older adults., 81–88. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10057-007.
Full text
2
Kanade, Vijay A. "A Novel Non-invasive Approach for Diagnosis of Medical Disorders Based on De Broglie’s Matter Waves and Water Memory." In Proceeding of International Conference on Computational Science and Applications, 91–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0790-8_10.
Full text
3
Völzke, Volker. "Diagnostics and Assessment." In Patients with Memory Disorders, 35–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39800-2_8.
Full text
4
Feng, Chiyu, Lili Jin, Chuangyong Xu, Peng Yang, Tianfu Wang, Baiying Lei, and Ziwen Peng. "Deep Learning via Fused Bidirectional Attention Stacked Long Short-Term Memory for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Diagnosis and Risk Screening." In Predictive Intelligence in Medicine, 34–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32281-6_4.
Full text
5
Lam, Raymond W. "Clinical features and diagnosis." In Depression, 23–34. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198804147.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
The core clinical features of depression include physical (sleep and appetite disturbances, psychomotor changes, fatigue, low energy), emotional (sadness, loss of interest, anhedonia), and cognitive (guilt, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, concentration and memory difficulties, indecisiveness) symptoms. DSM-5 classifies depressive disorders in adults as major depressive disorder (MDD), other depressive disorders, and persistent depressive disorder; the latter includes chronic MDD, unremitted MDD, and dysthymia (chronic, low-grade depressive symptoms). DSM-5 also includes specifiers, or sub-types, of MDD that have implications for prognosis and treatment choice and selection. The differential diagnosis of depression includes bereavement, bipolar disorder, and other medical or substance-induced conditions.
6
North, Carol S., and Sean H. Yutzy. "Delirium and Dementia (Neurocognitive Disorders)." In Goodwin and Guze's Psychiatric Diagnosis 7th Edition, 339–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215460.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Delirium and dementia (now subsumed under the label of neurocognitive disorders) are often referred to as organic brain syndromes, and this chapter reviews these disorders at length. Delirium is usually brief and reversible. It is defined as an impairment in consciousness (i.e., reduced awareness of the environment) and memory (i.e., reduced recent memory). It is a topic of particular medical interest currently. Amnestic disorders are rare and characterized as disorders of memory. Dementias are frequently progressive, and chances of recovery are rare except for several uncommon illnesses. Dementias are characterized by impairment in consciousness and inattention, orientation, memory, and other intellectual or cognitive functioning. Because many of these dementing disorders (Alzheimer’s, Pick’s, and Lewy body diseases) have neurological findings previously described at autopsy, historical review is provided.
7
North, Carol S., and Sean H. Yutzy. "Schizophrenic Disorders." In Goodwin and Guze's Psychiatric Diagnosis 7th Edition, 61–96. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215460.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Schizophrenia and mood disorders comprise the main psychotic disorders. The schizophrenic disorders generally tend to have a more chronic and unremitting long-term prognosis compared with psychotic mood disorders. Schizophrenic conditions have considerable variability in outcome, but many patients may experience a chronic or deteriorating course. It is thought that schizophrenic disorders comprise a number of different conditions, but efforts to divide them into valid subgroups have had limited success. The main clinical features of schizophrenia include persistent hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate or flattened emotional expression, lack of motivation, social withdrawal, and inability to initiate and sustain goal-directed activities, and neurocognitive difficulties, especially in memory, attention, and executive functions. Most patients experience a decline in work and interpersonal functioning, and some are unable to maintain self-care functions.
8
Rundo, Jessica Vensel, Hillor Mehta, and Reena Mehra. "Dying to Fall Asleep." In Sleep Disorders, 724–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190671099.003.0042.
Full textAbstract:
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by progressive insomnia, autonomic hyperactivity, memory deficits, hallucinations, and myoclonus. Unlike its name, insomnia is not the most common initial presentation in patients with FFI. More common features like autonomic hyperactivity (hypertension and tachycardia) are often missed, delaying the diagnosis of FFI. Genetic analysis of FFI shows a D178N-129M mutation that results in generation of insoluble proteins (prion proteins) that aggregate to form amyloid plaques, leading to deterioration of the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus. This case illustrates the difficulty in determining a definitive diagnosis in patients with FFI. Unfortunately, no treatment or cure is available for FFI. The disease is fatal in all the patients.
9
Ren, Yanna, Weiping Yang, Xiaoyu Tang, Fengxia Wu, Satoshi Takahashi, and Jinglong Wu. "The Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." In Research Anthology on Diagnosing and Treating Neurocognitive Disorders, 147–59. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3441-0.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Alzheimer's disease, a common form of dementia, is a type of neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 30% of the population older than 85. Clinically, it is characterized as memory loss and cognitive decline. Pathologically, its symptoms include cerebral atrophy, amyloid plaques and NFTs. Generally, the life expectancy is no more than nine years after the definite diagnosis, and life expectancy exceeds 14 years in only 3% of patients. Presently, there is no effective treatment to stop the process; the only measures we can take are to ease or improve symptoms temporarily. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnosis the disease in the early stage, such as through imaging detection via CT, MRI, PET and MSR, or prediction before the disease (genetic examination). However, literature data have supported the notion that Alzheimer's disease patients show cognitive reserve abilities to some degree. In the future, research perspectives may focus on the cognitive training paradigms in compensatory and restorative strategies.
10
Schröder, Johannes, and Christina J. Herold. "Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders." In Movement Disorders in Psychiatry, edited by Antonio L. Teixeira, Erin Furr Stimming, and William G. Ondo, 169—C10.P105. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197574317.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor motor and sensory changes that are frequently found in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including subjects with an increased liability to them, but can also be observed in bipolar disorder and dementia. In schizophrenia, high NSS-scores, which typically mark acute psychotic states, decrease in the course of illness with remission of acute symptoms. This process continues in patients with a favorable course but does not lead to a complete “normalization” of NSS, which remain in the range typical for subjects with an increased liability. As a transdiagnostic phenomenon, NSS are associated with similar symptoms and neurocognitive deficits across the respective disorders, such as negative symptoms, apathy or executive and declarative memory dysfunction. Neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia identified frontal cortices, including pre- and postcentral gyrus, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, and premotor area, alongside cerebellum, caudate, and thalamus as important sites for NSS. NSS can be used for early recognition and clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia and have the potential to facilitate our understanding of the cerebral mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology.
Conference papers on the topic "Memory disorders – Diagnosis"
1
Senna, Priscylla de, Wyllians Borelli, Wagner Brum, Eduardo Zimmer, Márcia Chaves, Arthur Schuh, and Raphael Castilhos. "FUNCTIONAL COGNITIVE DISORDER AS THE MOST FREQUENT DIAGNOSIS IN PUBLIC MEMORY CLINIC." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda059.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) has been described as a blind spot of dementia care. Objectives: Identify the frequency of FCD in a tertiary memory clinic (TMC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify new referrals from the primary care setting to a TMC from southern Brazil over 2014 to 2020. Diagnostic protocol included neurologic evaluation, cognitive screening, neuroimaging and laboratory testing. FCD was defined as cognitive complaints without objective cognitive decline, in the absence of evidence of neurodegenerative disease. Data is shown in mean (SD). Results: 516 patients (61% females, mean age 70.76±10.3 years) with a mean of 4.5 (+-3.94) years of education were referred. The diagnoses were: FCD (146, 28.3%); Alzheimer’s dementia (115, 22.3%); Mild Cognitive Impairment (51, 9.9%), vascular dementia (36, 7%); other types, including less common causes of dementia and rare pathologies (168, 7.6%). FCD patients were younger (66.2 (±9.4) vs. 72.6, p <0.001), and showed higher Geriatric Depression Scale than non-FCD patients (7.4 (±4.5) vs. 5.3 (±3.7), p <0.001). Education level did not differ. Conclusions: FCD was the most frequent diagnosis. Primary care strategies may greatly improve early diagnosis and treatment to these patients.
2
Almeida, Eliane Borca, Geise Silva, Isabella Avolio, Camila Dias, Maíra Oliveira, Ricardo Nitrini, Sonia Brucki, and Eliane Miotto. "INVESTIGATION OF EPISODIC MEMORY DEFCITS IN PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI)." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda043.
Full textAbstract:
Background: MCI can be classified as amnestic (aMCI) or non-amnestic (naMCI). Patients with aMCI are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clinical diagnosis encompasses episodic memory decline with preservation of activities of daily living, in addition to possible changes in other cognitive domains. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies in the Brazilian population comparing the performance of aMCI on different episodic memory tests. Objectives: This study investigated episodic memory alterations in patients with aMCI and healthy controls (HC) through population-validated tests. Methods: We included 54 individuals, 36 aMCI and 18 HC. The neuropsychological protocol included estimated total IQ [vocabulary and matrix reasoning], Logical Memory (LM), Visual Reproduction (VR) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Results: Significant differences were found between the groups in LM delayed recall (p=0.048); Visual Memory immediate recall (p=0.002); Visual Memory delayed recall (p=0.006); RAVLT immediate recall (p=0.19); RAVLT delayed recall (p=0.006) and RAVLT recognition (p=0.001). Conclusions: aMCI patients showed significant cognitive deficits in all episodic memory tests, except for the LM immediate recall. These findings corroborate the international literature and indicate the possibility of identifying differential cognitive alterations in the MCI.
3
Peles, Patrícia, Larissa Salvador, Luciano Mariano, Viviane Carvalho, Clarisse Frieldlaender, Leonardo de Souza, and Paulo Caramelli. "ACCURACY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS IN PATIENTS WITH BIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda080.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Neuropsychological tests are important tools for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To investigate the accuracy of common neuropsychological tests used in the clinical setting for AD diagnosis. Methods: Forty two patients with diagnosis of AD continuum [A+T+/-(N)+/-] and 32 non-AD [A-T+/-(N)+/-]. All participants were submitted to a thorough neuropsychological assessment with the following instruments: Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Boston naming-Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease, a reduced version of the CERAD, Digit Span Forward (DSF), Digit Span Backward (DSB) and Cubes from The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), verbal fluency – animals (VF-A), and FAS. Results: Memory (MEM) and Initiation/Perseveration (I/P) subscales of the DRS, FAS, Digit Span Backward (DSB) and Boston naming displayed good discrimination between AD and non-AD patients. The MEM subscale of the DRS, RAVLT A6 and FAS presented high sensitivity (90% or more) for AD diagnosis, while DSF displayed high specificity. Non-AD patients had greater difficulty in FAS, DSB and in Boston naming. Conclusion: Performance of patients with biological diagnosis of AD on MEM and I/P of DRS, and RAVLT A7 was significantly different from that of non-AD subjects.
4
Carvalho, Viviane Amaral, Thais Lima Silva, Luciano Mariano, Leonardo de Souza, Henrique Guimarães, Valéria Bahia, Ricardo Nitrini, Maira Barbosa, Mônica Yassuda, and Paulo Caramelli. "THE ADDENBROOKE’S COGNITIVE EXAMINATION–REVISED (ACE-R) IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND BEHAVIORAL VARIANT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA: A POWERFUL LOGARITHM." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda017.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The differential diagnosis between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is challenging, justifying improvement of cognitive tools for use in clinical practice. Objective: To develop a new logarithm based on discriminative items of the ACE-R. Methods: The ACE-R was administered to 102 patients with mild dementia due to probable AD and 37 with mild probable bvFTD. Mokken scaling analysis was applied to identify the latent trait on the AD Group. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were carried out. Results: Mean total scores in ACE-R were 70.2 ± 10.8 in AD and 72.2 ± 11.1 in bvFTD. AD Mokken ACE-R (AMokACE-R) comprises 12 items measuring the same latent concept. Logistic regression with cross-validation pointed that AMokACE-R + Age + Sex-male + ACE-R subitems Orientation and Memory share importance as independent variables (p <0.05). The proposed logarithm reached an area under the curve of 0.922, with 88% sensitivity/specificity, 71% PPV and 96% NPV. Conclusion: The new logarithm using the ACE-R achieved high diagnostic accuracy in discriminating AD and bvFTD, showing superiority to previous findings. Further analysis in larger samples, with biomarkers or pathological confirmation, are necessary to confirm these findings.
5
Cecato, Juliana, and Livia Galeote. "SENILITY AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF WECHSLER SCALE IN ELDERLY WITH MAJOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda074.
Full textAbstract:
Background: CHC theory is a hierarchical model of intelligence, organized through cognitive skills and dividing the construct into crystallized and fluid. Objective: To describe the correlation among crystallized and fluid abilities in healthy people diagnosed with dementia. Methods: 45 subjects with 50 to 89 years old and at least 1 year of schooling. They were submitted to a detailed clinical interview and, later, to a neuropsychological evaluation. RAVLT, Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III or WASI) and FDT were applied. Sample was divided into 2 groups: healthy elderly (without cognitive and functional decline) and those diagnosed with dementia (GE). The diagnosis of dementia was based on the DSM-5. Results: RAVLT and the Wechsler Scale differentiated HE from DG (p <0.0001). FDT did not show a statistically significant difference in the Counting, Reading and Inhibition items, showing that tasks involve time were not able to differentiate healthy individuals from DG. To compare the performance IQ it is evident that the performance in fluid skills is less effective, when compared to the crystallized items (IQ verbal), in differentiating healthy subjects from dementia. Conclusion: Tasks involving learning, delayed recall memory and recognition, that is, crystallized tasks, are more effective in differentiating dementia when compared to fluid tasks (processing speed).
6
Oliveira, Maira Okada De, Maria Carthery Goulart, Karolina César Freitas, Ricardo Nitrini, and Sonia Brucki. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN MINI-ADDENBROOKE’S COGNITIVE EXAMINATION (MINI-ACE BR)." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda013.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Age is the most important risk factor for development of dementia and the recommendation is that the elderly be cognitively tested in order to detect impairment in the initial phase for adequate treatment. The demand for the care of these elderly people is great, drawing attention to the need for rapid tests, with good accuracy and simple application to identify cognitive impairment. Objective: To develop the M-ACE Brazilian version using data from ACE-R deriving sub-items that could better predict the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Methods: The M-ACE BR was developed using Mokken scaling analysis in 352 participants (cognitively normal = 232, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) = 82 and dementia = 38) and validated in an independent sample of 117 participants (cognitively normal = 25, CIND = 88 and dementia = 4). Results: The M-ACE BR has nine items (spatial orientation, anterograde memory, retrograde memory, delayed recall, recognition, verbal fluency letter “P”, repetition of four words, naming 10 items and comprehension) with a max. score of 51 points and average duration time of seven minutes. The cutoff score ≤43/51 for CIND had a sensitivity of 59.09% and a specificity of 80%. For a screening test in which sensitivity is prioritized for further investigation, we suggest using a cutoff of ≤47 (sensitivity 85.23% and specificity 24%), maintaining a good positive predictive value (79.8%) Conclusion: The M-ACE BR is a brief and adequate instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in elderly Brazilians.
7
Sajja, Sujith, Shane A. Perrine, Farhad Ghoddoussi, Matthew P. Galloway, and Pamela J. VandeVord. "Increased Levels of Myo-Inositol are Associated With Impaired Working Memory and Active Avoidance in Blast Neurotrauma Animals." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80466.
Full textAbstract:
Impaired working memory and anxiety are major clinical symptoms commonly associated with subjects exposed to blast overpressure [1–4]. Despite this association, there remains a vital need for biomarkers to help effectively diagnosis blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT). Clinically, elevated myo-inositol has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including dementia and elevated levels may reflect activation of microglia. In the present study, we evaluated the cognitive and behavioral changes in blast exposed animals using the novel object recognition (working memory paradigm) and light/dark (anxiety test) assessments. In addition, we used high resolution magic angle spinning H-MRS to assess neurochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, brain regions associated with working memory and anxiety respectively. Results suggest that exposure to blast has a significant effect on the levels of myo-inositol which appear to be linked with impaired working memory.
8
Santiago, Igor, Victor Elias, Ivna Nóbrega, Gabriela Martins, José Artur D’Almeida, and Norberto Frota. "COEXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND ALZHEIMER DISEASE: WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR?" In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda107.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer disease (AD) are neurodegenerative diseases with distinct pathophysiology but similar burdens. Early cognitive impairment in MS is unusual but, due to disease modifying therapies (DMT) advancements and bigger life expectancy, its coexistence with AD has become more common. Objective: To report a coexistence case of MS and AD. Methods: Retrospective case report and literature review. Results: 58-year-old patient presented with work issues, behavioral changes, gait disturbance and unbalance. It was disclosed an impairment of attention span, multitasking, executive dysfunction, and loss of memory for recent events. A PET/CT showed hypometabolism in frontal lobes and CSF analysis disclosed oligoclonal bands and increased TAU protein levels. The patient was initially treated with donepezil, with poor response. A later brain MRI showed typical demyelinating MS lesions. The patient was treated with Natalizumab due to high lesion load and functional impairment. Conclusion: As MS patients live longer, it’s important to recognize age-related comorbidities such as AD. In our patient a poor relapse perception contributed for a late MS diagnosis. The evaluation with PET/CT and increased TAU levels in CSF highly suggests a coexistence with AD. There are no peer-reviewed studies regarding coexisting MS and AD. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical, demographic, and neuropathological features of the coexistence of both diseases.
9
Vasina, Yuliya M. "The development of figurative memory in older preschool children with mental retardation through computer technology." In Специальное образование: методология, практика, исследования. Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/978-5-00089-532-0-2021-79-83.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the use of computer technologies in the development of figurative memory in older preschool children with mental retardation. The features of memory development in children with developmental disorders are revealed. Criteria and diagnostic tools for identifying the level of development of figurative memory in children with this disorder are described. A series of computer training programs aimed at developing the basic properties of figurative memory are analyzed.
10
Baybuz, L. A., N. G. Perevalova, and V. Y. Makarov. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OZONE THERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER SUFFERING COVID-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-54-58.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The consequences of the transferred new coronavirus infection are currently not well understood, but the neurotropicity of SARS-CoV-2 is beyond doubt. In the manifestations of postcoid syndrome, damage to the central nervous system is dominant and requires timely diagnosis and correction, incl. at the rehabilitation stage of medical care. The introduction of highly effective non-drug methods of treatment with a small number of side effects is an urgent task of modern medicine. Such methods of treatment can include ozone therapy - the use of an ozone-oxygen mixture (ACS) for therapeutic purposes, which significantly improves blood microcirculation and oxygenation of ischemic tissues due to its fibrinolytic activity and antiaggregatory properties, and therapeutic doses of ozone are able to correct the lipid profile of patients due to reducing atherogenic lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol. In the range of therapeutic concentrations, ozone exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antiviral, and detoxification effects. This article presents the experience of using ozone therapy in patients who have undergone covid-associated pneumonia (CT1-CT4) with postcoid syndrome and a predominant lesion of the central nervous system. The analysis of the dynamics of symptoms in a group of patients who underwent a course of ozone therapy in comparison with a group where ozone therapy was contraindicated is presented. The defeat of the central nervous system was represented by the following syndromes and symptoms, both individually and in combination: - cerebrasthenic syndrome, incl. anxiety, insomnia, decreased or lack of appetite, unstable mood background, weakness, fatigue - 94% - cerebral syndrome (headaches, constant "fog in the head", less often dizziness, decreased memory and attention, impaired sensitivity like anosmia, hyposmia) - 62%, incl. loss of memory and attention was observed in 42%, anosmia and hyposmia occurred in 11% of cases. The severity of certain symptoms was manifested depending on the age, the severity of the disease, the timing of the beginning of rehabilitation measures and the comorbid background. Diagnostics of the lesion of the central nervous system by coronavirus in patients was carried out by the methods of questioning complaints, dynamic observation, using the questionnaire for assessing the quality of life EQ-5D. In addition, in both groups of patients, the assessment of the severity of the main syndromes in points from 0 to 10 was carried out using a questionnaire at the beginning of the rehabilitation course and at the end of it. Evaluation of the results at discharge was carried out using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The use of an ozone-oxygen gas mixture in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with postcoid syndrome and a predominant CNS lesion can reduce the intensity or completely stop cerebroasthenic and cerebral syndromes, completely restore taste and smell, and improve certain cognitive functions. This will improve the quality of life of patients, their social adaptation and reduce the drug load. The syndromic complex of CNS lesions, which remains in a certain volume, even after a comprehensive rehabilitation program with ozone therapy, indicates the need for long-term follow-up, clinical examination and medical rehabilitation of patients after a new coronavirus infection.
Reports on the topic "Memory disorders – Diagnosis"
1
The Centre for Attention Learning and Memory (CALM) Approach to Neurodevelopmental Research – MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University Of Cambridge. ACAMH, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.15509.
Full textAbstract:
Our thinking around neurodevelopmental disorders is undergoing a period of rapid change. The traditional approach, endorsed by classification systems such as the Diagnostic Statistical Manual, defines neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as distinct categories.