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Journal articles on the topic 'Memories of transatlantic slavery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2024

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1

de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan. "Remembering Indian Ocean Slavery through Film." Journal of Global Slavery 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00501006.

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Abstract Due to assimilation, the diversity of the region, and the problems of identification, the presence of Asians with African ancestry in some parts of the Indian Ocean goes largely unnoticed. Whilst Ethiopians came to Sri Lanka voluntarily during the sixth century, the largest known Afro-Sri Lankan community’s history dates back to the island’s colonial era, which began in the sixteenth century. Oral traditions and archival records demonstrate that the Indian Ocean slave trade carried on even after abolition of the transatlantic slave trade. Although their numbers have dwindled due to out-marriage and assimilation, this community’s presence is marked out through its strong cultural memories. This article highlights the significance of film as a medium for making Sri Lankans of African ancestry visible and giving them a space to reflect about their ancestors, cultural traditions and sociolinguistic transformations.

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2

Piętka, Aleksandra. "Pamięć zdarzeń, które „nigdy nie miały miejsca”. Slavery Memorial Martina Puryeara." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 10 (December 31, 2023): 409–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2023.10.19.

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The Memory of the Events That “Never Took Place:” Martin Puryear’s Slavery Memorial This paper delves into the structure of Martin Puryear’s Slavery Memorial at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and how it serves as an example of the commemorative practices employed to confront Americans’ collective oblivion with a historical site touched by the trauma of the enslaved peoples. Drawing on the history of higher education in New England, the author analyzes the artistic devices employed by Puryear to convey the truth about Brown’s involvement in the transatlantic slave trade and the rhetoric of perception imposed by the monument on the viewer. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the structure of the Slavery Memorial triggers the process of remembering historical facts that are not so much repressed as non-existent in the local community’s collective consciousness.

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3

Yoon, Younghwi. "Slavery Debates in the Transatlantic Communication Channel: Collective Memories of Slavery in the Evangelical Community, 1737-1786." Journal of Western History 54 (May 30, 2016): 153–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.16894/jowh.54.5.

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Ogliari, Elena. "Conscious Irish Fiction and the Repetitiveness of War: Transcultural Memories to Negotiate Peace in “Redemption Falls” and “TransAtlantic”." Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne, no. 16 (November 20, 2023): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jk.2023.16.08.

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Drawing on recent scholarship on transcultural memory and its role in peacebuilding, this paper explores the implications of entangling memories that belong to different pasts, places, and cultural groups in Joseph O’Connor’s Redemption Falls (2007) and Colum McCann’s TransAtlantic (2013). Both novels, written by authors interested in the notions of oppression and suppression of stories, are polyphonic texts that disrupt any single linear narrative by interweaving multiple storylines through constant movements across time and space. McCann’s focus shifts from the aftermath of WWI to the 1998 Belfast Agreement, while O’Connor’s novel deals with the American Civil War and Irish nationalism; both recount episodes of the Great Famine, the ensuing emigration, and the history of Abolitionism. Hence, painful memories of the Irish mingle with the mnemonic repertoires of those who suffered the abominations of slavery or internecine conflict in an attempt to give voice to the marginalised and highlight bonds between (apparently unrelated) groups of people. Moreover, this convergence of inherited memories binds the past with the present and the future, as the recollections have echoes of contemporary conflicts and global phenomena involving Ireland, whose role in them is implicitly interrogated. By fusing significant cultural memories across generations and spaces, these novels assert the ‘historical duty’ to remember to promote negotiation and mutual understanding between different cultural groups today. This paper, therefore, will first offer an overview of contemporary Irish fiction, characterised by an original world-facing, rather than nation-focused, outlook. Second, it will undertake the analysis of the selected novels to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the potential of literature to build sound knowledge of diverse human experiences and, as a consequence, promote peace.

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Bayraktar, Nilgun. "Beyond the spectacle of ‘refugee crisis’: Multi-directional memories of migration in contemporary essay film." Journal of European Studies 49, no. 3-4 (October 11, 2019): 354–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244119859155.

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This article examines contemporary essay films that concern refugee im/mobilities across the Mediterranean Sea. In the last few decades, the Mediterranean has been transformed into a fatal space for those attempting to cross the sea without documents. The dominant Eurocentric perspective reductively views these refugee and migrant crossings as violations of European borders. Such limited frameworks feed into the category of ‘crisis’, which demands immediate intervention and top-down governmental solutions, such as the militarization of borders. In this article, I explore essay films that counter and disrupt the ‘crisis’ framework and the sense of urgency and tragedy it evokes: Havarie (2016), a slow-form documentary by Philip Scheffner, and The Leopard (2007), a dance film by Isaac Julien. Drawing on recent theories of multi-directional memory, I investigate the ways in which these films establish mnemonic connections across diverse experiences of displacement, including those produced by European colonialism, transatlantic slavery and postcolonial conflict.

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6

Shrutika, Shrutika. "Fluid Identities and Memories in Rivers Solomon's The Deep." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.92.40.

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In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in the realm of speculative fantasy fiction towards incorporating contemporary issues, particularly those concerning marginalized communities. Popular speculative fiction has become increasingly interested in exploring the experiences of marginalized people and how they make their way through a world that is frequently hostile to them. Rivers Solomon, in her 2019 novella, The Deep, skilfully explores the ongoing struggle of marginalized communities to reconcile their past with their present and future. Through this exploration, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which postcolonialism interacts in creative narratives, particularly in speculative fantasy fiction. Set in a deep underwater society inhabited by the descendants of pregnant African women who were thrown overboard during the transatlantic slave trade, this work grapples with the lasting impact of this traumatic history on the fictional “Wajinru” community while highlighting the novel's historical context. The characters and their experiences highlight the marginalization and resistance of individuals who occupy liminal spaces, while its narrative structure disrupts dominant traditional narratives. The aim of this paper is to delve into the intricate process of identity formation within the context of generational trauma portrayed in the novella.

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7

Preitschopf, Alexandra. "Contested Memories in Contemporary France and Their Reflection in Rap Music." AUC STUDIA TERRITORIALIA 21, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363231.2022.2.

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France’s colonial past and its aftermath remain an “open wound” to this day. After a long period of silence, painful issues such as the role of France in the transatlantic slave trade, colonial crimes in Africa, and the Algerian War have more and more become part of public consciousness in France. Interestingly, many French rap musicians who are the children or grandchildren of immigrants from former French colonies frequently use their songs to remind France of its colonial past. However, their messages sometimes compete with remembrance of the Holocaust. The singers’ condemnation of French colonialism becomes wrapped up in the Middle East conflict and Israel is portrayed as a new “colonial power.” By analyzing selected lyrics of recent French rap songs this article aims to explore the complex and sensitive intersection of post-colonial and Middle East politics and set the lyrics in the broader socio-political context of remembrance culture in France. The article argues that the musicians’ approaches to France’s troubled past are an important form of self-affirmation for their communities in the postcolonial context. By bringing up previously silenced topics, they contribute to a more diverse remembrance culture and contest narratives that have been predominant for a long time.

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8

Rupprecht, Anita. "Imagining Transatlantic Slavery." Slavery & Abolition 32, no. 2 (June 2011): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2011.568255.

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9

Bernier, Celeste-Marie. "Tracing Transatlantic Slavery." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2017, no. 41 (November 1, 2017): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-4271674.

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10

Inikori, Joseph E. ":Liverpool and Transatlantic Slavery." American Historical Review 113, no. 5 (December 2008): 1484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.5.1484.

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11

Bernier, Celeste-Marie. "Transatlantic Slavery: Against Human Dignity." Journal of American History 88, no. 3 (December 2001): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700396.

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12

Jenkins, Earnestine, and Anthony Tibbles. "Transatlantic Slavery: Against Human Dignity." African Arts 29, no. 1 (1996): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337461.

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13

Walker, Marilyn. "Gendering Transatlantic Anti-Slavery History." Eighteenth Century 57, no. 3 (2016): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2016.0027.

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14

Lovejoy, Paul E. "‘Freedom Narratives’ of Transatlantic Slavery." Slavery & Abolition 32, no. 1 (February 13, 2011): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2011.538200.

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15

Agbe-Davies, Anna S. "Transatlantic Slavery: Against Human Dignity." Historical Archaeology 41, no. 2 (June 2007): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03377042.

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16

Niles, Keron. "Climate Change and Transatlantic Slavery." Pan-African Conversations 1, no. 2 (September 21, 2023): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/pac.v1i2.2735.

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The article examines the causes and effects of climate change and juxtaposes these with the transatlantic slave trade to glean what lessons, if any, can be learnt. It further explores any systemic linkages between transatlantic slavery and climate change, and proffers sustainable recommendations for mitigating the current dilemmas associated with slavery and climate change. To this end, this study finds that the effects of transatlantic slavery and climate change reveal multi-generational impacts related to a lack of representation, the disproportionate distribution of benefits and costs, cultural losses, and a lack of frameworks to facilitate compensation to those adversely affected. The article concludes by underscoring useful measures that can be adopted to combat the proliferation of similar problems in the future.

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17

Hanley, Ryan. "Slavery Hinterland: transatlantic slavery and continental Europe, 1680–1850." Social History 42, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2017.1290350.

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18

Faucquez, Anne-Claire. "Slavery Hinterland: transatlantic slavery and continental Europe 1680–1850." Slavery & Abolition 38, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2017.1391371.

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19

Evans, Matthew, and David Wilkins. "Transformative Justice, Reparations and Transatlantic Slavery." Social & Legal Studies 28, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663917746490.

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This article considers lessons recent debates concerning transitional and transformative justice, and surrounding transformative reparations, could offer to discussions regarding reparations for transatlantic slavery. Even transitional justice programmes aiming to provide transformative reparations in the form of development programmes (such as healthcare, education and housing provision) have enabled governments to avoid addressing structural causes of inequalities. The article argues that calling for reparations for transatlantic slavery in the form of development projects is potentially regressive. Framing development programmes as reparations, as parts of the Caribbean Community Ten-Point Plan for reparations do, risks presenting these as necessary only because of powerful states’ duty to make amends for past wrongdoing. The article calls for advocates of reparations for transatlantic slavery to be more explicit in demarcating the backward- and forward-looking foundations of their claims. The importance of symbolic and non-financial reparations ought to be more explicitly highlighted as a potential contributor to the social repair of transatlantic slavery’s harmful legacies. Moreover, distributive justice should be explicitly emphasized as being necessary to realize the present-day and future rights of people suffering from the historical legacy of transatlantic slavery and not simply because the present situation is the result of historical injustice.

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20

Schwarz, Katarina, and Andrea Nicholson. "Collapsing the Boundaries Between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery Beyond the Transatlantic Frame." Human Rights Review 21, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12142-020-00604-y.

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Abstract The identification of contemporary forms of slavery is often problematically demarcated by reference to transatlantic enslavement as the definitive archetype. Such an approach overlooks other historic slaveries and neglects the totality of the maangamizi—the African holocaust. This article addresses the problematics of positioning the transatlantic system as the paradigm and unpacks the constituent elements of de jure slavery to construct an understanding of slavery as a condition as well as a status. By identifying the core features of de jure chattel slavery through time, this paper displaces the assumption that legal status is determinative, giving meaning to the concept of slavery in the contemporary world.

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21

Morgan, Kenneth. "Slavery and the transatlantic slave trade." International History Review 30, no. 4 (December 2008): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2008.10416649.

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22

Reese, Ty M. "Book Review: Liverpool and Transatlantic Slavery." International Journal of Maritime History 23, no. 1 (June 2011): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141102300162.

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23

Oldfield, John. "Introduction: imagining transatlantic slavery and abolition." Patterns of Prejudice 41, no. 3-4 (July 2007): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313220701431310.

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24

Hooper, Jane, and David Eltis. "The Indian Ocean in Transatlantic Slavery." Slavery & Abolition 34, no. 3 (September 2013): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2012.734112.

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25

Jones, Christine Kenyon. "Byron and Slavery." Byron Journal 51, no. 2 (December 2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bj.2023.16.

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Byron makes frequent references to slavery in his work. The word ‘slave’ occurs some 160 times in his verse and peppers his letters and journals. The aspect of slavery that most concerns twenty-first-century readers in Western democracies (the fifteenth- to nineteenth-century transatlantic trade in enslaved people between the west coast of Africa and the east coast of the Americas) accounts, however, for only a fraction of Byron’s subject-matter concerning this topic. In his hands this is a wide-ranging and complex subject, relating not only to historical and political matters in different geographical locations, but also to metaphorical, personal and emotional themes. This essay therefore begins by looking at Byron’s biography and writing to outline his own connections with transatlantic slavery and with people impacted by enslavement, and then moves on to make what can only be a very modest attempt to consider his writing about slaves and slavery more generally.

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Adeniyi, Emmanuel. "Dispersion of the Yorùbá to the Americas: A Fatalist Hermeneutics of Orí in the Yorùbá Cosmos – Reading from Tutuoba: Salem’s Black Shango Slave Queen." Yoruba Studies Review 5, no. 1.2 (December 21, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v5i1.2.130081.

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Studies in African Diaspora ofen privilege the transatlantic slavery, Columbus’ discovery of the New World, and African cultural codes in the Americas. To expand the scope of the studies, this article examines the metaphysical and ontological questions on the enslavement of the Yorùbá – an African ethno-nation whose members were condemned to slavery and servitude in the Americas during the inglorious transatlantic slave trade. I used metaphysical fatalism as a theoretical model to interrogate prognostications about dispersion of the Yorùbá from their matrix as expressed in their mythology. Being a predestining agent, I examined the role of orí (destiny) within the context of rigid fatalism and its textualisation in Prince Justice’s Tutuoba: Salem’s Black Shango Slave Queen. The article argues that the transatlantic enslavement of the Yorùbá is a fait accompli willed by their Supreme Deity. Tough traumatic, transatlantic slavery reworlded Yorùbá cultural codes, birthed the Atlantic sub-group of the ethno-nation, and aided the emergence of Yorùbá-centric religions in the New World.

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Gill, Scherto R., and Garrett Thomson. "Collective Healing to Address Legacies of Transatlantic Slavery: Opportunities and Challenges." Genocide Studies and Prevention 15, no. 3 (December 2021): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.15.3.1877.

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In this article, we show how pathways to justice and reconciliation pertaining to the transatlantic slavery should begin with collective healing processes. To illustrate this conclusion, we first employ a four-fold conceptual framework for understanding collective healing that consists in: (1) acknowledging historical dehumanizing acts; (2) addressing the harmful effects of dehumanisation; (3) embracing relational rapprochement; and (4) co-imagining and co-creating conditions for systemic justice. Based on this framework, we then examine existing collective healing practices in different contexts that are aimed at addressing legacies of transatlantic slavery. In doing so, we further identify challenges and pose critical questions concerning such practices. While globally there are, and have been, many different kinds of racism and slavery, and even though transatlantic slavery has many features specific to it, nevertheless, we hope that this exploration of collective healing will be illuminating for other situations where acts of brutality have served to demean and dehumanize.

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Poulin, Naythan R. "“Laws that make them slaves there, make them slaves here:” The Status of Slavery in England and its influence on the colony of Nova Scotia." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 4 (May 6, 2019): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/tg.v4i0.2127.

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Nova Scotia was the only colony in the transatlantic world to possess no statute laws or slave codes; thus, Nova Scotia did not have legal authorization to enforce slavery. The absence of statute law in Nova Scotia engendered significant legal ambiguities on the general status of slavery in the colony. Following 1783, Nova Scotia’s legislative and judicial institutions were greatly destabilized by Loyalist migration, and the colony searched across the transatlantic world for legal answers. England, similarly to Nova Scotia, did not possess any statute laws to enforce slavery; the metropole and the colony of Nova Scotia thus shared a similar ambiguity towards the status and regulation of slavery. Therefore, evidence suggests that judicial rulings made in Nova Scotia regarding the status of slavery were directly influenced by common law established in England. Specifically, Somerset v Stewart and subsequent cases in England legitimized and influenced Chief Justice Blowers and Strange to impose a judicial war of attrition against slavery in Nova Scotia. Although Nova Scotia’s legal system had become effective in eradicating slavery, the system did not always provide permanent freedom, and in many cases freed black men and women risked kidnapping and re-enslavement. Ultimately, slavery in the Canadian colonies is a topic that has been erased from the historiographical narrative and has been ignored by generations of historians. Nonetheless, it signifies that more work is required to establish stronger connections between the metropole and Canadian colonies, but also, the intercolonial and transatlantic influences on slavery.

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François Furstenberg. "Atlantic Slavery, Atlantic Freedom: George Washington, Slavery, and Transatlantic Abolitionist Networks." William and Mary Quarterly 68, no. 2 (2011): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.68.2.0247.

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30

Bucy, E. "The Transatlantic Slave Trade and American Slavery." OAH Magazine of History 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2003): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/17.3.55.

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31

Lovejoy, Paul E. "Extending the Frontiers of Transatlantic Slavery, Partially." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 1 (July 2009): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2009.40.1.57.

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Eltis and Richardson's Extending the Frontiers is the first volume to analyze the latest, monumental, installment of their slave-voyage database. However, despite the volume's laudable synthesis of primary and secondary data about intra-Caribbean enslaved migration, its considerable contribution to scholarship about the operations of slaving ships from specific countries, and its important findings from the raw data concerning the scale and direction of the enforced migration, the volume has one fundamental shortcoming. It fails to engage experts who might have helped to explain significant implications concerning the people who were actually enslaved and the merchants and political authorities in Africa who were involved in enslaving them.

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32

McAleer, John. "Britain’s history and memory of transatlantic slavery." International Journal of Heritage Studies 23, no. 6 (February 2017): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1287121.

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Lovejoy, Paul. "The children of slavery – the transatlantic phase." Slavery & Abolition 27, no. 2 (August 2006): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440390600765524.

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Raphael-Hernandez, Heike, and Pia Wiegmink. "German entanglements in transatlantic slavery: An introduction." Atlantic Studies 14, no. 4 (September 29, 2017): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2017.1366009.

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35

Nowatzki, Robert. "From Datum to Databases: Digital Humanities, Slavery, and Archival Reparations." American Archivist 83, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-83.2.429.

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ABSTRACT This article examines several projects that apply digital technologies to the study of transatlantic slavery and assesses the potential benefits of these projects while also noting their limitations. It argues that despite the absence of race, and specifically African American history and culture, in much digital humanities scholarship, the study of slavery has been considerably enhanced and transformed by the work of archivists and digital humanities scholars who apply digital technologies to the study and representation of slavery and enslaved people. This subject must continue to be studied so that we understand not only the past but also slavery's impact on the present. Digital technologies such as databases and geographic information system mapping have been useful in helping us understand this chapter of human history more fully and in new ways. Digital applications to archival materials relating to transatlantic slavery not only increase access to these materials for students and researchers, but also offer ways of obtaining new insights into this topic. However, to enhance our understanding of the history of slavery and to be effective agents of progressive social change, such initiatives should be cognizant of how data analysis can be driven by false assumptions of neutrality and can unwittingly contribute to the reification and dehumanization of people of African descent that was characteristic of transatlantic slavery. Digital humanities as a field should both continue such digitizing initiatives and also use digital tools to create critical analyses of oppressive hierarchies to weaken or destroy them.

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Etamo Kengo, Emmanuel. "The Slave Trade, Slavery and the Struggle for Supremacy in the Momo River Valley, North West Region of Cameroon, to 1926." Afrika Focus 37, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-20240102.

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Abstract This paper examines issues of the slave trade and slavery in the Momo River valley of Cameroon. Using primary sources (oral tradition and archival materials) and secondary sources, the paper shows the impact of the transatlantic slave trade in the region not only in the slave trade and slaving activities but also in the transformation of some old social institutions and the emergence of new ones. The paper argues that the transatlantic slave trade introduced capitalists in this part of Africa, who continued to make profits from legitimate commerce after the abolition of the slave trade through the persistent enslavement of other Africans to work in the palm oil industry. The Momo River valley continued to be a major source of these slaves. This paper therefore brings into the limelight slavery and the slave trade in an area which contributed to the transatlantic and the post-transatlantic slave trade but which has still not received adequate scholarly attention.

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37

Engerman, Stanley. "Slavery without Racism, Racism without Slavery." Journal of Global Slavery 5, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 322–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00503005.

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Abstract This article surveys several problems related to the links between slavery and racism, and the frequency of both racism without slavery and slavery without racism. Slavery clearly existed prior to the emergence of racism, scientific or otherwis, and unlike in recent centuries, the enslaved were not always peoples of different color. The linking of race and slavery, with race as the defining characteristic of the enslaved, came mainly after the settlement of the Americas with the transatlantic slave trade from Africa. Indeed, the debate continues on whether racism led to slavery (as argued for colonial America) or whether slavery gave rise to a coherent racism to justify enslavement of others. Racism may be used to justify the harsh treatment of others, or it may simply reflect mainly a belief that some differences among groups exist and race provides the interpretation of why such differences exist. Presumably then, awareness of perceived or argued for racial differences could exist without the imposition of differential treatments, despite the role racial beliefs might play in social organization.

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38

Rupprecht, A. "Excessive Memories: Slavery, Insurance and Resistance." History Workshop Journal 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 6–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbm033.

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39

Walsh, L. S. "The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Chesapeake Slavery." OAH Magazine of History 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2003): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/17.3.11.

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40

Thomas, Steven W. "Enduring Slavery: Resistance, Public Memory, and Transatlantic Archives." Early American Literature 55, no. 2 (2020): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.2020.0046.

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41

Moore, Lois Merriweather. "Anthony Tibbles, ed., Transatlantic Slavery: Against Human Dignity." Journal of African American History 93, no. 2 (April 2008): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv93n2p285.

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42

Hjorthén, Adam. "Transatlantic Monuments: On Memories and Ethics of Settler Histories." American Studies in Scandinavia 53, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v53i1.6221.

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This article explores the meanings and significances of memories of settler histories in transatlantic relations. Looking specifically at the medium of monuments, it asks what functions they have played, and continue to play, in relations between the United States and certain European countries. The first section of the article offers an anatomy of transatlantic monuments, outlining its key characteristics through a discussion of some prominent examples that range from Christopher Columbus to Leif Eriksson and the Plymouth Colony. In the second section, this typology is further explored through an in-depth analysis of the 1938 monument of the New Sweden colony (1638–1655) designed by Swedish sculptor Carl Milles. The third section deals with memory and ethics, focusing on the analytical consequences and contemporary ramifications of applying a transatlantic perspective on monuments of settler histories. The article argues that a framing of memories of European settlement in America as transatlantic encourages us to rethink its meanings and functions, but also to reappraise questions of responsibility. As monuments of settlement appear to be politically relevant in Euro-American relations, we need to address consequential questions of inclusion, authority, accountability, and agency, that are central to an ethics of memory in transnational settings.

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Araujo, Ana Lucia. "Welcome the Diaspora." Ethnologies 32, no. 2 (September 15, 2011): 145–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006308ar.

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This article examines the emergence of the public memory of slavery and the Atlantic slave trade in the Republic of Benin, by explaining how the heritagization of slavery was crucial for the development of a local tourism industry. The article shows that the rise of the public memory of the Atlantic slave trade in Benin is not an isolated venture and that similar initiatives were also developed in other West African countries. The article also discusses how the plural memories of slavery are articulated with the expectations of African American and Afro-Caribbean tourists, who are the main target of projects focusing on slavery cultural heritage and roots tourism. The article concludes that although slavery heritage tourism helped to place Benin among the international slavery tourist destinations, it also contributed to make visible the plural memories of slavery and to commodify African tangible and intangible heritage.

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Hall, Catherine. "TROUBLING MEMORIES: NINETEENTH-CENTURY HISTORIES OF THE SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVERY." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 21 (November 4, 2011): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440111000077.

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ABSTRACTThis paper explores the memories and histories of the slave trade and slavery produced by three figures, all of whom were connected with the compensation awarded to slave owners by the British government in 1833. It argues that memories associated with slavery, of the Middle Passage and the plantations, were deeply troubling, easier to forget than remember. Enthusiasm for abolition, and the ending of ‘the stain’ upon the nation, provided a way of screening disturbing associations, partially forgetting a long history of British involvement in the slavery business. Yet remembering and forgetting are always interlinked as different genres of text reveal.

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Solow, Barbara Lewis, and William D. Phillips. "Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 1 (1987): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204734.

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Curtin, Philip, and William D. Phillips. "Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 2 (May 1988): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515518.

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Patterson, Orlando, and William D. Phillips. "Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade." American Historical Review 94, no. 2 (April 1989): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1866837.

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Sundiata, Ibrahim K., and William D. Phillips. "Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade." African Economic History, no. 16 (1987): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601275.

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Curtin, Philip. "Slavery from Roman Times to the Early Transatlantic Trade." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.2.359.

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Drescher, Seymour. "‘Chords of Freedom’: Commemoration, Ritual and British Transatlantic Slavery." Slavery & Abolition 29, no. 4 (December 2008): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440390802486630.

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