Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mémoires non volatiles émergentes'
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Gasquez, Julien. "Conception de véhicules de tests pour l’étude de mémoires non-volatiles émergentes embarquées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0419.
Full textPhase change memory (PCM) is part of the strategy to develop non-volatiles memories embedded in advanced technology nodes (sub 28nm). Indeed, Flash-NOR memory is becoming more and more expensive to integrate in technologies with high permittivity dielectrics and metallic gates. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to realize tests vehicles in order to study an innovative PCM + OTS memory point and to propose solutions to fill its gaps and limitations according to the envisaged applications. The study is based on two different technologies: HCMOS9A and P28FDSOI. The first one is used as support for the development of a technological validation vehicle of the OTS+PCM memory point. The second one is used to demonstrate the surface obtained with an aggressive sizing of the memory point. Finally, an optimized readout circuit for this memory point has been realized allowing the compensation of leakage currents as well as the regulation of the bias voltages of the matrix during the reading
Péneau, Pierre-Yves. "Intégration de technologies de mémoires non volatiles émergentes dans la hiérarchie de caches pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS108/document.
Full textToday, intensive efforts to design energy-efficient and high-performance systems-on-chip (SoCs) are underway. Moore’s end in the early 20 th century pushed designers to increase the number of core per processor to continue to improve the performance. As a result, the silicon area occupied by cache memories has increased. The ever smaller technology node also increased the leakage current of CMOS transistors. Thus, the energy consumption of memories represents an increasingly important part in the overall consumption of chips.To reduce this energy consumption, new memory technologies have emerged overthe past decade : non-volatile memories (NVM). These memories have the particularity of having a very low leakage current compared to conventional CMOS technologies. In fact, their use in an architecture would reduce the overall consumption of the cache hierarchy. However, these technologies sufferfrom higher access latencies than SRAM, higher access energy costs and limitedlifetime. Their integration into SoCs requires a continuous research effort.This thesis work aims to evaluate the impact of a change in technology in the cache hierarchy. More specifically, we are interested in the Last-Level Cache(LLC) and we consider the STT-MRAM technology. Our work adopts an architectural point of view in which a modification of the technology is not retained. Then,we try to integrate the different characteristics of the STT-MRAM atarchitectural level when designing the memory hierarchy. A first study set upan architectural exploration framework for systems containing emerging memories. A second study on architectural optimizations at LLC was conducted toidentify opportunities for the integration of STT-MRAM. The goal is to improve energy efficiency while reducing access penalties due to the high latency ofthis technology
Bazzi, Hussein. "Resistive memory co-design in CMOS technologies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0567.
Full textMany diversified applications (internet of things, embedded systems for automotive and medical applications, artificial intelligence) require an integrated circuit (SoC, System on Chip) with high-performance non-volatile memories to operate optimally. Although Flash memory is widely used today, this technology needs high voltage for programing operations and has reliability issues that are hard to handle beyond 18 nm technological node, increasing the cost of circuit design and fabrication. In this context, the semiconductor industry seeks an alternative non-volatile memory that can replace Flash memories. Among possible candidates (MRAM - Magnetic Random Access Memory, PCM - Phase Change Memory, FeRAM - Ferroelectric Random Access Memory), Resistive memories (RRAMs) offer superior performances on essential key points: compatibility with CMOS manufacturing processes, scalability, current consumption (standby and active), operational speed. Due to its relatively simple structure, RRAM technology can be easily integrated in any design flow opening the way for the development of new architectures that answer Von Neumann bottleneck. In this thesis, the main object is to show the integration abilities of RRAM devices with CMOS technology, using circuit design and electrical measurements, in order to develop different hybrid structures: non-volatile Static Random Access Memories (SRAM), True Random Number Generator (TRNG) and artificial neural networks
Raguet, Jean-René. "Développement de nouvelles architectures mémoires non-volatiles robustes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11057.
Full textThe non-volatile floating gate memories have for two decades, an unprecedented commercial success. We find these memories in almost all daily electronic products via the cell phone, smart cards, RFID tags found on food products, or simply the memory sticks. These memory devices are ubiquitous and are in constant evolution to store more information on a small silicon area. However, major technological barriers to reduce the memory size appear related to the structure of these memories, but also the performances required. Indeed, a booming sector, namely the automotive, requires good reliability performances under high heat stress. In this context, this thesis proposes new floating gate memory structures in a standard flow integration and with good reliability. Good reliability means a memory with good retention and endurance performances. First, we focused on technological solutions to improve the retention performances of EEPROM cell. Three modifications in the cell process flow are proposed: the tunnel oxide thickness increase, the injection of nitride in tunnel oxide and the implantation of boron into the floating gate. The retention results obtained are interesting, but each solution creates some problems. In a second step, we have developed two structures based on double gate allowing a reduced memory point area, good endurance performances and programming voltages close to or lower than the EEPROM cell. These structures were simulated, optimized and integrated on silicon, then characterized to validate the concepts and to estimate their electrical performances. The last part of this work is devoted to the development of a memory cell with two floating gates allowing to store three bits, based on multi-bit and multi-levels cells concepts. This cell uses specific programming operations with floating gates discharge phenomenon by a sharp effect and with a charges injection by band to band tunnelling effect. These two phenomena have been studied and prove good electrical results
Jacob, Stéphanie. "Intégration, caractérisation et modélisation des mémoires non volatiles à nano volatiles à nanocristaux de silicium." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11030.
Full textOver the last 20 years, the industry of microelectronics and particularly the non-volatile memory market has known a considerable growth, in terms of integration capacity increasing and cost reduction. Consumers have been able to access to electronic products (mobile phones, MP3 players, flash drives, digital cameras…) which are currently very successful. However, scaling of standard Flash memories will face in a near future several limitations. Consequently, new paths are investigated in order to push the scaling limits of these devices. Within this context, the main purpose of this PhD is the experimental and theoretical study of non-volatile silicon nanocrystal memories. First, several options of silicon nanocrystal integration using a standard process have been shown. A 32Mb NOR silicon nanocrystal Flash memory demonstrator has been fabricated from an ATMEL product. Then, electrical characterization of memory cells and arrays has been performed. An exhaustive study of the influence of programming conditions and technological parameters has been carried out. The influence of some parameters has been understood through modeling of Fowler-Nordheim erasing and gate disturb. Finally, the localization of the trapped charges in silicon nanocrystal devices written by Hot Electron injection has been investigated through TCAD simulations and an exhaustive set of experimental data explained by an analytical model
Le, Roux Claire. "Etude de la fiabilité des mémoires non volatiles à grille flottante." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11046.pdf.
Full textThe increasing scaling-down of non volatile memories induces new reliability issues. Some applications of these memories, especially automotive ones, need very strict reliability specifications to guarantee that the product works at 150°C. In this context, it is essential to understand the failure mechanisms of the non volatile memories with a floating gate. In this thesis, we studied the intrinsic charge loss in a Flash technology, which allowed us a better understanding and modeling of the phenomenon. The principal reliability issue of EEPROM cells is the extrinsic charge loss. We studied the influence of different parameters of the cells in order to reduce this extrinsic charge loss. At last, we presented two new experimental methods to quantify the extrinsic cells of a CAST (Cell Array Structure Test), and a study of the ionic contamination effects on Flash and EEPROM cells’ retention
Palma, Giorgio. "Nouvelles Architectures Hybrides : Logique / Mémoires Non-Volatiles et technologies associées." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951384.
Full textSchulman, Alejandro Raúl. "Mémoires résistives non volatiles à base de jonctions métal-oxyde complexe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI031/document.
Full textResistive Random Access Memories (RRAM) have attracted significant attention recently, as it is considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of non-volatile memory devices. This is due to its low power consumption, fast switching speed and the ability to become a high density memory compatible with the conventional CMOS processes. The working principle of this kind of memories is the resistive switching (RS) which is simply the controlled reversible change in the resistivity of a junction generated by an external electric field. It has been proposed that the RS is coupled with the migration of oxygen vacancies generating a reversible conduction path inside the oxide. Many experiments have been done to address the switching mechanism during the last decade without any conclusive answer of what is the physical mechanism beneath the RS. The main goal of the present work it's to understand the physical mechanism that control the RS and to point out which are the key parameters that can help improve the performance of the memory devices from a technological point of view. In this dissertation we report on the studies of the RS in different interfaces metal/oxide where we have utilized gold, silver and platinum as metal and as complex oxides: YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO), La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) y La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO). This oxides have been chosen because all of them are strongly correlated compounds with physical properties strongly dependent of their oxygen stoichiometry. They also have a similar crystalline structure (perovskite type) and a high oxygen mobility. We realized the proof of concept for each type of junction successfully and explain the RS effect and explained the RS utilizing an electric assisted diffusion of oxygen vacancies model. We characterized them the conduction mechanism of the junctures with a conduction dominated by the Poole-Frenkel effect in the YBCO and by the SCLC mechanism in the LSCO. The feasibility of the memory devices in this junctions have been tested reaching high repeatability with optimize power consumption with more than 103 successful switching events. We have also studied the effects of accumulating cyclic electrical pulses of increasing amplitude on the non-volatile resistance state of the junctions. We have found a relation between the RS amplitude and the number of applied pulses, at a fixed amplitude and temperature. This relation remains very similar to the Basquin equation use to describe the stress-fatigue lifetime curves in mechanical tests. This points out to the similarity between the physics of the RS and the propagation of defects in materials subjected to repeated mechanical stress. This relation can be used as the basis to build an error correction scheme. Finally, we have analyzed the time evolution of the remnant resistive state in the oxide-metal interfaces. The time relaxation can be described by a stretched exponential law that is characterized by a power exponent close to 0.5. We found that the characteristic time increases with increasing temperature and applied power which means that this is not a standard thermally activated process. The results are a clear evidence of the relation between RS and the diffusion of oxygen vacancies on a two-dimensional surface with a temperature-dependent density of trapping centers, which may correspond, physically, to the diffusion along grain boundaries
Las memorias resistivas están entre los principales candidatos a ser utilizados como elementos en una nueva generación de memorias no volátiles. Esto se debe a su bajo consumo energético, una alta velocidad de lectura/escritura y a la posibilidad de lograr memorias de alta densidad compatibles con los procesos de la tecnología CMOS actual (por sus siglas en inglés: Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor).El funcionamiento de estas memorias se basa en la conmutación resistiva (CR), que consiste en el cambio controlado de la resistencia de una interfase metal-óxido a través de estímulos eléctricos. Si bien hasta el presente no se ha podido determinar con certeza el mecanismo físico que controla la CR, se piensa que está basado en el movimiento de vacancias de oxígeno que formarían de manera reversible zonas de alta/baja conducción dentro del óxido.La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal entender los mecanismos físicos que gobiernan a la CR y poner en evidencia algunos de los aspectos esenciales que pueden contribuir a lograr dispositivos útiles desde el punto de vista tecnológico.Para ello se han realizado estudios de las características principales de la CR para distintas interfases metal-óxido a distintas condiciones de temperatura. Se han utilizado Au, Pt y Ag como metales y los siguientes óxidos complejos YBa2Cu3O7–δ (YBCO), La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) y La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO). Se han elegido estos óxidos complejos debido a que presentan características similares, como ser materiales fuertemente correlacionados con una estructura cristalina tipo perovskita y una alta movilidad de oxígenos, lo que afecta muchas de sus propiedades físicas, ya que dependen fuertemente de la estequiometría.Nuestros resultados han demostrado la existencia de una CR bipolar en todos estos sistemas. Ésta es explicada satisfactoriamente a través de un modelo de difusión de vacancias de oxígeno asistidas por campo eléctrico.Se han caracterizado las interfases como dispositivos de memoria, estudiando sus mecanismos de conducción, encontrándose una conducción dominada por un mecanismo del tipo Poole-Frenkel para la muestra de YBCO y una conducción del tipo SCLC para el LSCO y el LSMO. Adicionalmente, se ha conseguido una alta durabilidad y repetitividad en el funcionamiento de estas junturas como dispositivos de memoria,vgracias a la optimización en el protocolo utilizado para escribir/borrar, lográndose más de 103 conmutaciones consecutivas sin fallas en dispositivos bulk.También se ha estudiado el efecto de la acumulación de pulsos idénticos en las interfases obteniéndose una relación entre la amplitud de la CR y el número de pulsos aplicado a amplitud y temperatura fijas. Luego de someter la interfase a ciclos de fatiga eléctrica, se ha encontrado una similitud entre la evolución de la resistencia remanente en esta con la propagación de defectos en un metal sometido a pruebas de fatiga mecánica. Esta relación puede ser usada como base para generar un algoritmo de corrección de errores y para mejorar la efectividad y el consumo de energía de estos dispositivos de memoria.Finalmente, se han realizado estudios sobre la evolución temporal de cada estado de resistencia. Hemos demostrado que sigue una ley exponencial estirada con un exponente cercano a 0.5 y un tiempo característico dado, que depende tanto de la temperatura como de la potencia utilizada. Estos resultados implican que la evolución temporal no está dominada por un proceso estándar de difusión térmicamente activado. La difusión de vacancias de oxígeno ocurre en una superficie con una densidad de trampas que depende de la temperatura, donde dicha superficie correspondería físicamente a los bordes de grano del óxido
Chiquet, Philippe. "Etude et modélisation des courants tunnels : application aux mémoires non volatiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4736/document.
Full textFloating gate non-volatile memory devices are used to store data under the form of an electric charge contained in the floating gate of a transistor. The behavior of these memory devices is strongly linked to the properties of their tunnel oxide, which allows the transit of this charge during write/erase operations as well as its retention while the transistor is not polarized. During this work, tunneling current measurements have been performed on large area semiconductor-oxide-semiconductor capacitors that are representative of the injection zone of memory cells. The application of short pulses to the gates of these test structures, during which the current can be measured as a function of time, allowed the observation of the main transient and steady-state properties that can affect the functioning of memory devices, The effect of tunnel oxide degradation, which impacts the behavior of memory cells during write/erase operations as well as data retention, has been observed and interpreted in the case of a constant voltage stress. The results obtained on large area capacitors have been used to model EEPROM cells
Plantier, Jérémy. "Méthodes de tests et de diagnostics appliquées aux mémoires non-volatiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4822.
Full textThe nano industry constantly extends the size limits, especially for CMOS devices with embedded non-volatile memories. Each size reduction step always induces new challenges caused by phenomenon which were previously negligible. As a result, more complex models are required to describe, analyze and predict as well as possible the electrical behaviors. The main goal of this thesis is to propose solutions to the industry in term of test, to optimize the performances before and after the whole process steps. Thus, this study proposes two innovative methodologies dedicated to embedded non-volatile EEPROM memories based devices.The first of them consists in to extract the post-cycling generated tunnel oxide traps density (NiT), directly from a macro cell. The experimental results are then used to be compared with an analytical model calculation which perfectly describes the Stress Induced Current phenomena (SILC). This electrical current directly comes from the generated traps inside the cells tunnel oxide. An interpolation is then done between the model and the experimental resulting curves, to extract the tunnel oxide traps density.The second study proposes a method of statistical correlation between the traditional retention test and testing of electrical stress across the tunnel oxide which has shorter execution time. This study is based on cell populations after failing both tests. By comparing the distributions of these populations a correlation law appears between the cells behavioral tendencies. Following this study the replacement of long retention tests by shorter electrical stress tests may be considered
Carmona, Marion. "Fiabilité des transistors MOS des technologies à mémoires non volatiles embarquées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4709/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on various degradation phenomena that can impact MOS transistors according to their applications on CMOS technologies with embedded non-volatile memories. The transistors used in order to apply potentials greater than 10V in programming and erasing steps of charge storage non-volatile memories have been studied. These transistors are impacted by specific degradation mechanisms due to the use of high voltage. Moreover, manufacturing processes can be modified in order to improve MOSFETs performances, and thus, these variations may have an impact on the degradation mechanisms of MOS transistors. Therefore, several process steps of digital transistor for low power application were changed in order to increase carrier mobility. Furthermore, due to limitations of MOS transistors conventional architecture, new architectures have been proposed for analog and digital transistors in order to remove the "hump" effect or reduce the total area of transistor by moving the gate contact over active area
Rebuffat, Benjamin. "Etude de la fiabilité des mémoires non-volatiles à grille flottante." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4383.
Full textMany specific applications used in automotive, medical and spatial activity domains, require a high reliability level. In this context, this thesis focuses on the study of floating gate non-volatiles memories reliability more precisely in NOR Flash architecture. After an introduction mixing the state of art of non-volatiles memories and the electrical characterization of Flash memories, a study on the polarization signals effect has been led. A model has been developed in order to model the threshold voltage kinetic during an erase operation. The erasing ramp effect has been shown on kinetics and also on cycling. Then, a study on the tunnel oxide lifetime has shown the importance of relaxation during stress. This dependence has been characterized as a function of duty cycle and the electric field applied. Finally, Flash memory cell endurance has been explored and the relaxation effects during the cycling has been analyzed
Rebuffat, Benjamin. "Etude de la fiabilité des mémoires non-volatiles à grille flottante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4383.
Full textMany specific applications used in automotive, medical and spatial activity domains, require a high reliability level. In this context, this thesis focuses on the study of floating gate non-volatiles memories reliability more precisely in NOR Flash architecture. After an introduction mixing the state of art of non-volatiles memories and the electrical characterization of Flash memories, a study on the polarization signals effect has been led. A model has been developed in order to model the threshold voltage kinetic during an erase operation. The erasing ramp effect has been shown on kinetics and also on cycling. Then, a study on the tunnel oxide lifetime has shown the importance of relaxation during stress. This dependence has been characterized as a function of duty cycle and the electric field applied. Finally, Flash memory cell endurance has been explored and the relaxation effects during the cycling has been analyzed
Jacob, Stéphanie. "Intégration, caractérisation et modélisation des mémoires non-volatiles à nanocristaux de silicium." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408813.
Full textMontagner, Morancho Laurence. "Nouvelle méthode de test en rétention de données de mémoires non volatiles." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135027.
Full textMontagner-Morancho, Laurence. "Nouvelle méthode de test en rétention de données de mémoires non volatiles." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT027H.
Full textThe introduction of non volatile memory in Smartpower circuits has made necessary systematic 100% die data retention test. Usual tests operated on high production volume increase drastically test time. In this work, we propose a new data retention test on non volatile memory. In a first part, we present a state of the art relative to intrinsic and extrinsic NVM defects and to reliability tests. In a second part, we studied thermal NVM data retention behaviour on engineering lot ranging from ambient temperature to 300°C during 7000h. This study allows cell discrimination to validate a new data retention test which time is strongly reduced compare to the thermal one: after optimisation phases, test time will be about few seconds and then will be implemented in production flow
Calenzo, Patrick. "Développement de nouvelles architectures mémoires non volatiles bas coût et basse consommation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11051.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to conceive and to develop non volatile memories with floating gate which are low cost, low voltage consumption and compatible with a CMOS standard logic process. In order to be carried out, a state of the art has put forth the cells which are “high-achieving” in this technology. This has permitted to see the qualities and the defects of the cells and enabled to target the main points which need careful consideration. From this onwards, a calibration methodology, usable for any semi conductor device, has been developed. This methodology was put into practice on an EEPROM cell, which served as the foundations for the development of the memory cells, throughout this paper. Furthermore, a single poly silicon double implant memory cell has been studied. This cell has been developed from its operating concept to its electric validation on silicon. The manufacturing process suggested gave way to a single poly-silicon memory cell in a CMOS logic technology. In addition, the cell consumption is in perfect accordance with the low voltage consumption criteria. Finally, this cell is interesting in regards to its size which is only 1,1 μm² in a technology of 0,13 μm. This makes it the smallest existing cell for this particular type of memory. In parallel to this work, another single poly silicon cell, which exists in two different versions, has been suggested. These cells have the particularity to be created in a shallow trench isolation. This reinforces the idea of low cost because the surface of the unit cell can be reduced but at the same time remains compatible with a CMOS standard logic process. All the basics needed to create this cell have been validated electrically and give way to encouraging energy consumption results. The outlook for this work would be to improve the two developed concepts in order to have them industrialized
Bartoli, Jonathan. "Développement et caractérisation d'architectures mémoires non volatiles pour des applications basse consommation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4373.
Full textWith the evolution of technologies and the development of connected objects, the circuit consumption is becoming an important subject. In this thesis, we focus on the consumption of trap-charge non-volatile memories. To decrease the consumption, different architectures have emerged, like 2T or Split Gate memories. We propose two new memory architectures allowing to decrease the consumption compared to the standard Flash memory. The first, called ATW (Asymmetrical Tunnel Window), is composed of an oxide step in the tunnel oxide which allows to be less consumer than a standard Flash memory. A second memory architecture called eSTM (embedded Select Trench Memory) is also presented. Its main advantage is its select transistor which is essential to obtain a lower consumption. Thanks to its architecture, this cell is better than the previously proposed architecture (ATW). The last study has been performed to optimize the process flow of the eSTM memory to make it more robust
Bartoli, Jonathan. "Développement et caractérisation d'architectures mémoires non volatiles pour des applications basse consommation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4373.
Full textWith the evolution of technologies and the development of connected objects, the circuit consumption is becoming an important subject. In this thesis, we focus on the consumption of trap-charge non-volatile memories. To decrease the consumption, different architectures have emerged, like 2T or Split Gate memories. We propose two new memory architectures allowing to decrease the consumption compared to the standard Flash memory. The first, called ATW (Asymmetrical Tunnel Window), is composed of an oxide step in the tunnel oxide which allows to be less consumer than a standard Flash memory. A second memory architecture called eSTM (embedded Select Trench Memory) is also presented. Its main advantage is its select transistor which is essential to obtain a lower consumption. Thanks to its architecture, this cell is better than the previously proposed architecture (ATW). The last study has been performed to optimize the process flow of the eSTM memory to make it more robust
Fagot, Jean-Jacques. "Développement de nouvelles architectures de sélecteurs pour mémoires non-volatiles embarquées dans des plateformes technologiques avancées 28nm." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0608.
Full textWith the miniaturization of components and technologies ever more aggressive in terms of dimensions, flash memory face increasingly complex integration problems, generating high costs, especially in 28nm FD-SOI and beyond. The non-volatile integrated memory market is therefore moving towards innovative solutions in full development, more attractive in terms of costs and offering a large margin of evolution. We find, in particular, magnetic (MRAM), resistive (RRAM) and phase change (PCM) memories. However, the competitiveness of these memories being directly related to their size and cost, one of the major challenges is the integration of a selector at the same time compact, performing and inexpensive. The company STMicroelectronics, partner of this thesis, chose to move towards PCM type memories. The selectors are critical components in the operation of this type of memory. In this context, the work of this thesis revolves around three types of selectors for PCM memories: the MOS transistor, the diode, and the bipolar transistor. Each of these selectors has its advantages and disadvantages. The operation and integration in 28nm FD-SOI technology of these selectors is studied, developed, then characterized, and finally, potential improvement axes are proposed in each part
Aziza, Hassen. "Méthodologie de diagnostic et techniques de test pour les mémoires non volatiles de type EEPROM." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11034.
Full textPostel-Pellerin, Jérémy. "Fiabilité des Mémoires Non-Volatiles de type Flash en architectures NOR et NAND." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370377.
Full textSimola, Roberto. "Redistribution de dopants dans le silicium polycristallin : contribution aux mémoires non volatiles EEPROM." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30030.
Full textBoron (implanted after deposition) and phosphorus (in situ doping) redistribution during crystallization of a LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) submicronic amorphous silicon layer, have been studied. Thermal annealings have been performed under vacuum and in the 450-800 °C temperature range. The crystallization kinetics is enhanced both in the presence of boron (B)and phosphorus (P). During crystallization annealing, B redistributes significantly both before and after complete crystallization is achieved. In the presence of P, B redistribution kinetics is retarded whatever the temperature. For high-temperature thermal annealing, even though P initial profile is constant through the layer, P diffuses towards the regions of high B concentration. The material we studied is the floating gate of EEPPROMs non volatile memory device
Onkaraiah, Santhosh. "Modélisation et conception de circuits à base de mémoires non-volatiles résistives innovantes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4759.
Full textThe grave challenges to future of traditional memories (flash and DRAM) at 1X nm regime has resulted in increased quest for new physical state variables (other than charge or voltage), new devices and architectures offering memory and logic functions beyond traditional transistors. Many thin film devices with resistance change phenomena have been extensively reported as ’promising candidates’. Among them, Ox- ide Resistive Memory (OxRRAM) and Conductive Bridge Resistive Memory (CBRAM) are leading contenders for the next generation high density memories. In this work, we focus on the role of Resistive Memories in embedded memories and their impact on FPGAs in particular. We begin with the discussion on the compact modeling of resistive memory devices for design enabling, we have designed novel circuits of non- volatile flip-flop (NVFF), non-volatile look-up table (NVLUT), non-volatile 2x2 switch and non-volatile SRAM (NVSRAM) using Resistive Memories. We simulated the impact of these design structures on the FPGA system assessing the performance parameters of area, delay and power. By using the novel 1T-2R memory element concept of CBRAMs in FPGAs to implement Look-up Tables (NVLUT), we would scale down the area impact by 5%, enhance speed by 24% and reduce the power by 18% compared to SRAM based FPGAs. The thesis addresses aspects of compact modeling, circuit design and system evaluation using resistive memories
Seoudi, Islam. "Conception et optimisation de système multi-électrodes pour les implants cardiaques." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0027/document.
Full textCardiac implants like ICD are life saving devices for cardiac arrhythmias. In other conditions like heart failure, CRT implants are prescribed to restore the heart rhythm. Such treatment consists of the delivery of electrical stimuli to the cardiac tissue via electrodes in the stimulation lead. Conventionally the stimulation lead come either in unipolar or bipolar configuration which have been found to be sufficient for pacing the right atrium and right ventricle, studies have shown the benefits of a multi-electrode system for pacing left ventricle essential for cardiac resynchronization. This thesis discusses the design and optimization of a multi-electrode system capable of alleviating the limitations and constraints related to left ventricular stimulation. We first present implementation of such system that was taped out in 0.18 µm technology. The chip also features a specially designed communication protocol which enables low power operation and quick configuration. Thereafter we present the design and implementation of a default connection unit to ensure the compatibility of our multi-electrode lead with in the market. This unit was taped out in 0.18 µm technology. Finally we present a proof of concept study for the adaptation and integration of non-volatile memory technologies within the multi-electrode system. The employment of such technologies enhanced our multi-electrode system by eliminating the repetitive configuration of electrodes, thereby saving power and reducing latency. This also included smaller area and compatibility with any pacemaker in the market. Through simulations we proved the feasibility of these technologies for our implant applications
Rebora, Charles. "Développement de matrices mémoires non-volatiles sur support flexible pour les circuits électroniques imprimés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0643.
Full textFlexible electronics market revenue is expected to exceed $10B by 2020. Duento their mechanical flexibility, flexible circuits will enable numerous developmentsnin various fields from internet-of-things applications to large area electronics. Besides logic devices, memory is the second fundamental component of any electronic system. During this thesis, we aimed at developing nonvolatile memories referred as CBRAM (Conductive-Bridge Random Access Memories) for flexible electronics applications. These devices consist in a simple Metal-Electrolyte-Metal structure. The memory effect relies on resistance switching due to the formation/dissolution of a metallic conductive filament within a solid electrolyte. The use of chalcogenide glasses or polymers layers as solid-electrolytes offers many opportunities for future for flexible applications. In a first part, memory devices based on of GeS$_x$ and de Ge$_X$Sb$_Y$Te$_Z$ solid electrolytes on silicon substrates we fabricated and electrically tested. Experimental results were then confronted to an electro-thermal model, based on ionic current, developed during this thesis. The final chapter of this manuscript is devoted to the development of flexible memories
Rebora, Charles. "Développement de matrices mémoires non-volatiles sur support flexible pour les circuits électroniques imprimés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0643.
Full textFlexible electronics market revenue is expected to exceed 10B dollars by 2020. Duento their mechanical flexibility, flexible circuits will enable numerous developmentsnin various fields from internet-of-things applications to large area electronics. Besides logic devices, memory is the second fundamental component of any electronic system. During this thesis, we aimed at developing nonvolatile memories referred as CBRAM (Conductive-Bridge Random Access Memories) for flexible electronics applications. These devices consist in a simple Metal-Electrolyte-Metal structure. The memory effect relies on resistance switching due to the formation/dissolution of a metallic conductive filament within a solid electrolyte. The use of chalcogenide glasses or polymers layers as solid-electrolytes offers many opportunities for future for flexible applications. In a first part, memory devices based on of GeS(X) and de Ge(X)Sb(Y)Te(Z) solid electrolytes on silicon substrates we fabricated and electrically tested. Experimental results were then confronted to an electro-thermal model, based on ionic current, developed during this thesis. The final chapter of this manuscript is devoted to the development of flexible memories
Candelier, Philippe. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la fiabilité des mémoires non volatiles de type flash EEPROM." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10245.
Full textFrançois, Terry. "Caractérisation électrique et analyse de mémoires non-volatiles embarquées à base de matériaux ferroélectriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0390.
Full textFerroelectric materials are recently showing, since 2011, a novel appeal for microelectronic applications as it has been shown that, under specific crystal configuration, Hafnium-based dielectrics exhibit a ferroelectric behavior. This opens the way towards highly scalable and CMOS-compatible memory devices. CEA-LETI is currently investigating novel Hafnium-based ferroelectric materials for non-volatile memory applications. One need to evaluate their ferroelectric behavior through dedicated electrical characterization techniques, and in particular, to extract the remanent polarization, which is the direct picture of the memory window for a memory product, the coercive field, the programming speed and the endurance. Moreover, through the analysis of their ferroelectric performances, two materials, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 and silicon-doped HfO2, are optimized. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that both materials remain ferroelectric after complete integration in the Back-End-Of-Line of a 130nm CMOS technology, with compatible thermal budget. These devices are then integrated in a 16kbit memory array, based on 1T-1C FeRAM architecture. A setup dedicated to this circuit’s characterization is developed and allows the measurement of binary state distributions of the bitcells. Both distributions are demonstrated fully separated, defining an operating memory window which guarantees no bitfails at the 16kbit scale. Finally, by measuring several capacitor surfaces at various programming voltages, one can extrapolate the expected memory window of this kind of 1T-1C architecture in more advanced nodes, following the ongoing trend of densification of industrial microelectronic circuits
Buckley, Julien. "Etude de mémoires flash intégrant des diélectriques high-k en tant qu'oxyde tunnel ou couche de stockage." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0173.
Full textFlash memory is today indispensable in order to pursue the development of portable electronics, which is facing an unpreceded success (cell phones, digital photos, PDA, USB sticks. 00)' ln order to maintain it for the years to come, it is necessary to continue improving this technology. It is within this context that the work of this PhD was carried out. The following two fields of investigation were developped : the study of high-k as Flash memory tunnel dielectric and the evaluation of Hf-based materials as charge storage layers. According to our results, the first solution would need an improvement of mate rial conduction and trapping properties, by lowering their defects, through future process optimizations. We have nonetheless established criteria allowing to choose among several different candidates, the ones for which it seems worthwhile to conduct further research. The second solution allowed us to evidence the very good properties of Hf 02 as a storage layer. This materialleeds to very good retention properties with a low temperature activation and seems highly promising for NROM-type applications. Shockley Read Hall modeling was also used in order to explain some of the results
Kanoun, Mehdi. "Caractérisations électriques des structures MOS à nanocristaux de Ge pour des applications mémoires non volatiles." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0069/these.pdf.
Full textThe scaling down of the silicon devices predicted by the Moor’s law will cause physical and technological limitations. Indeed, the limit of the MOS transistor’s gate length is situated in the range of 8 nm (2010-2015). For the non volatile memories based on SiO2 insulator, the critical parameter is the tunnel oxide thickness which is situate around 7-8 nm (2008). For thinner oxides, the device loss its retention time characteristic (10 years). For these reasons, other ways must be envisaged. The few electron electronics seem to be a good candidate for this task, in particular for the memory applications. Indeed, Tiwari and collaborators had proposed in 1995, to replace poly-silicon floating gate by Si nanocrystals. The utilization of a granular based silicon nanocrystals floating gate allows the reduction of the tunnel oxide thickness. In order to ameliorate the retention time, it is more interesting to integrate Ge nanocrystals rather than the silicon ones thanks to their smaller band gap. In this context, this work proposes an electrical study of the electronic properties of Ge nanocrystals embedded in the SiO2 matrix for non volatile memory application. The first chapter is devoted to the description of the electronic properties change of the Ge nanocrystals due to the reduction of their size. In addition, the envisaged device is presented with its technological process. In the second chapter, different method analyses are reported for Ge isolation in a SiO2 matrix. The third chapter is dedicated to the transport mechanisms in Ge dots. Finally, in the forth chapter we will present the charge and discharge kinetic studies in Ge islands. These studies have permitted the optimization of the technologic parameters for the non volatile memory device realization as well as demonstrate the potential presented by the Ge dots for P type MOS memories
Bouaziz, Jordan. "Mémoires ferroélectriques non-volatiles à base de (Hf,Zr)O2 pour la nanoélectronique basse consommation." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI057.
Full textSince 2005, the scaling of memory devices, which used to follow Moore's law, slowed down. This lead researchers to conduct multiple approaches in order to keep improving memory devices. Among these approaches, the pathway on ferroelectric components seems very promising. In 2011, a research team from the NamLab in Dresden, Germany, discovered that Si-doped HfO2 could become ferroelectric with an insulating layer of only 10 nm, which resolves the compatibility issue of perovskite-structured materials with CMOS industry. Since then, other dopants have been investigated. However, new issues are now slowing down the emergence of HfO2-based ferroelectric devices on the market. Understanding the mechanisms behind the ferroelectric properties of these materials has, therefore, become a major industrial issue. In this manuscript, we study (Hf,Zr)O2 (HZO), and we perform an under-utilized technique to elaborate this kind of material: magnetron sputtering. The goal of this thesis is to establish connections between the growth conditions of this material and the electrical properties, to understand the mechanisms behind them, as well as to make the memory devices viable. During the fabrication of the capacitors, we demonstrate that the particular cristallochemical properties are essential to obtain ferroelectricity, and that novel HZO properties are discovered. Afterwards, we seek to cross the state of the art. The results we obtain by sputtering are among the best in the world. The industrial endurance and retention tests are pushed beyond what has been done in the literature so far. Particularly, the influence of electrical stress conditions is thoroughly detailed, and we put to evidence the presence of a relaxation during the different tests that could turn out to become problematic for the emergence of industrial applications. It does not seem that this problem has been identified beforehand
Harabech, Nadia. "Modélisation, caractérisation et contribution à l'amélioration des performances des mémoires non-volatiles de type EEPROM." Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0002.
Full textKempf, Thibault. "Caractérisation et fiabilité des mémoires embarquées non volatiles pour les nœuds technologiques 40nm et 28nm." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4093.
Full textSplit-gate memory technologies propose non negligible improvement of the performance and reliability of embedded non-volatile memory in microcontroller products targeting growing market such as automotive or Internet of Things. In this thesis, a unique and innovative split-gate memory based on a trench select transistor, called embedded Select Trench Memory (eSTM) is presented. After a concise state of art, a chapter is devoted to the presentation of several tools to improve the characterization and analysis of the memory from single cell to testchip. Especially tools to analyze the testchip's bitmap are proposed for the memory reliability and variability evaluation and optimization. These methodologies are then deployed in a chapter focusing on the eSTM intrinsic performance and reliability. The unique programming scheme due to the cell topology is described to understand the dependency of the programming mechanisms and the way to improve it. Then the tunnel oxide reliability improvement is studied as a key to eSTM cycling and retention. Finally, the limitations and advantages of the eSTM shrinking are discussed. In the following chapter, the extrinsic variability of the eSTM is studied based on the testchip. Each sources of variability are outsourced, and studied to extract their root causes which are either process-related, or design/layout related. This chapter closes on the relation between the reliability weaknesses and the memory variability. It highlights the importance of statistics study through adapted device such as testchip and the causal connection between the variability and the reliability that can affect the product reliability, lifetime and yield
Gay, Guillaume. "Nanocristaux pour les mémoires flash : multicouches, métalliques et organisés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843133.
Full textHafsi, Bilel. "Réalisation, caractérisation et simulation de composants organiques : transistors à effet de champ et mémoires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10055/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis adopt an original approach to realize new components (transistor, volatile and non-volatiles memory) based on N type organic semiconductor “PolyeraTM N2200”. First, we have fabricated and optimized organic field effect transistors by modifying some technological parameters related to fabrication. Then, we have analyzed their electrical properties with the help of two-dimensional drift-diffusion simulator using ISE-TCAD®. We studied the fixed surface charges and the effect of the organic semiconductor/oxide interface traps. The dependence of the threshold voltage on the density and energy level of the trap states has been also considered. , by incorporating gold nanoparticles in these devices, we have developed a new device called “NOMFETs” (nanoparticles organic memory field effect transistors), which mimic the behavior of biological synapse by reproducing a facilitating and a depressing drain current with a relative amplitude of about 50% and a dynamic response of about 4s. Studying the charging/discharging dynamics, we demonstrated a typical anti-Hebbien learning function, one of the fundamental mechanisms of the unsupervised learning in biological neural networks. Finally, we developed nonvolatile “FLASH” memory devices, by combining metallic gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) monolayer flakes. This double floating gate architecture provided us a good charge trapping ability which include a wide memory window (~68V), a long extrapolated retention time (> 108 s) and strong endurance properties (1000 write/erase cycles)
Hesse, Marjorie. "Développement de nouvelles architectures mémoires non-volatiles embarquées pour les plateformes technologiques avancées 40nm et 28nm." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4069.
Full textAdvanced applications based on microcontrollers cover multiple domains. The increase of the field of microcontrollers application is accompanied by a growth of the power consumption. This is a limit of the autonomy of nomadic systems. The technological advance towards ultra-low-consumption CMOS platforms is a major challenge to the requirements of mobile markets and other emerging applications with embedded non-volatile memories. These memories are constantly evolving, particularly by the size shrinking to advanced technological nodes such as 40nm and 28nm. In this thesis, we will present an innovative non-volatile memory called eSTM (embedded Select Trench Memory). This cell possesses a memory transistor and a vertical select transistor. The select transistor is essential to the optimization of the cell consumption. This memory constitutes a 2T architecture with a reduction of area. The objective of this thesis is to study this cell developed on a 40nm technological platform. We will identify the various problems related to miniaturization towards the 28nm technological node. Through the modelling, the electrical characterization and the theoretical calculations, we will see that it is possible to find solutions as the adaptation of the various implants and the dimensions of the memory transistor. This optimization of the eSTM cell will also be the subject of this thesis work
Ebrard, Élodie. "Etude de points mémoires non-volatiles haute densité pour les technologies CMOS avancées 45nm et 32nm." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Full textMany applications need electrically One Time Programmable (OTP) non-volatile memories for circuit trimming or code storage. For cost reasons, OTP non-volatile memory should be compatible with standard CMOS technology. Moreover programming conditions should also fulfill requirements on consumption and velocity. Those three specifications (compatibility, consumption and velocity) are quite demanding and state-of-the-art does not provide suitable solutions. Present work is based upon a structure composed of an access transistor and a capacitor connected in series. Our structure is chosen after state-of-the-art comparison and analysis. In particular, it is shown that the most suitable structure should include a so-called "cascode transistor" instead of a conventional access transistor. As OTP memories require larger programming voltage, they are not studied in usual reliability literature. That is why a thorough parametric analysis is also carried out. It is based upon characterization and statistical study of numerous experimental vehicles realized in 45nm- and 32nm-CMOS technology. At last a reliability study yields a reliable method for bitcell design. The present work presents a thorough analysis of a high density bitcell in CMOS advanced technologies. It provides an experimentally verified methodology that allows reliable bitcell design
Nguyen, Van-Son. "Films minces et dispositifs à base de LixCoO₂ pour application potentielle aux mémoires résistives non volatiles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS344/document.
Full textFlash memory is now extensively used as non-volatile memory for digital data storage in most mobile electronic devices (laptop, mobile phone, tablet...). To overcome its current limits (e.g. low information density, low endurance and slow speed), many researches recently developed around the concept of resistive memories based on the switching between different resistance levels by applying appropriate bias voltages.Memories whose resistance variations depend on electrochemical reactions (ReRAM) are potentially good candidates towards next-generation non-volatile memories. The underlying redox mechanisms observed are however often of the filamentary type, involving in particular migration of cations of metal elements (coming from the electrodes), or oxygen vacancies. This filamentary character makes it challenging to attain extreme downscaling towards the nanometric scale.In this thesis, a particular class of materials - used in the field of energy storage - is studied. The aim is to investigate the origin of the resistance switching processes observed in LixCoO2 films. We first characterize the structural and electrical properties of such films, as well as the electrical behaviors of the devices elaborated therefrom. We then investigate the electrochemical mechanisms which are at the origin of resistive switching, in the micrometric electrode/film/electrode configuration. We try to determine the validity of a formerly proposed mechanism which was however not yet demonstrated. Furthermore, we study the experimental switching kinetics of devices, and propose a numerical model to explain the results observed. Finally, we examine the potential applicability of LixCoO2-based devices to Re-RAM memories through the study of their performances in terms of endurance (i.e. maximum number of write/erase cycles) and retention. Specifically, the influence of several parameters (such as voltage pulses, chemical nature of the electrodes, temperature etc.) on these performances is investigated
Habhab, Radouane. "Optimisation d'architectures mémoires non-volatiles à piégeage de charges pour les applications microcontrôleur et mémoire autonome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4102.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work is to evaluate the performance in programming/cycling/retention of a SONOS memory cell based on a highly innovative split-gate architecture developed by STMicroelectronics, the eSTM™ (embedded Select in Trench Memory). Firstly, we explain the realization of this SONOS memory, which is based on a process step modification of the floating gate eSTM™ memory, with this modification carried out without additional cost.Secondly, we investigate the most efficient program and erase mechanisms for this memory, which also leads us to propose a new SONOS memory architecture. Thirdly, we electrically characterize the P/E activations of the SONOS eSTM™ cell for the two available architectures: dual gate and overlap. For dual gate memory, both memory cells on either side of the selection transistor have their own "ONO/control gate" stack. For overlap memory, the ONO layer is common to both memory cells. Even though this layer is shared, the information storage in ONO is localized only under the relevant control gate due to the discrete nature of charge trapping. The mechanism implemented for write and erase operations is carrier hot injection, and we detail the optimization of biases (different for the two available architectures) of the drain and select gate, which define the written and erased threshold voltages. We then perform endurance tests up to one million cycles for both architectures. Finally, we conduct a study on retention and charge pumping to assess the oxide quality at the interface of our cells. In a fourth phase, we seek to better understand the operation of the memory transistor and the variability of eSTM™ using TCAD simulations and electrical measurements on structures with various geometries
Cocheteau, Vanessa. "Synthèse de plots quantiques de silicium par LPCVD pour les nouvelles générations de mémoires non volatiles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7113/1/cocheteau.pdf.
Full textCocheteau, Vanessa. "Synthèse de plots quantiques de silicium par LPCVD pour les nouvelles générations de mémoires non volatiles." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04582871.
Full textThe increase of microelectronic device potentialities essentially derives from the reduction of feature size down the nanometre scale. Multi-nanodots memories are one illustration of this trend. Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) seems to be one of the most efficient ways to form silicon nanodots for industrial applications. We have deposited silicon nanodots in two technologies of hot wall reactors, an industrial tubular one called TEL and a prototype sector reactor. Nanodots have been elaborated from pure silane in the TEL and from silane diluted in nitrogen or pure disilane in the Sector. The run durations are very short, less than 1 min. In order to optimize nanodots fabrication, studies of density and size reproducibility and uniformity on wafer have been carried out in the TEL and in the Sector. The uniformity wafer to wafer has been also studied in the TEL reactor. With the aim of a better control of the phenomena involved during silicon nanodots deposition, a multi-field study has been performed. The influence of various process parameters has been analysed by experiments method and numerical simulations at the reactor scale with the CFD software Fluent. Very high densities, till 1. 3 1012 dots/cm2 have been obtained for the highest pressures tested. The specific role of unsaturated species about nucleation for the ultrathin deposits has been evidenced. New operating ranges of pressure and temperature have been found allowing to increase deposition durations. New kinetic heterogeneous laws adapted to nanodots deposits have been developed allowing to correlate the process parameters to density and size of nanodots. This first modelling tool will allow to test various mechanisms of interaction between surface bonds and gaseous precursors
Demolliens, Antoine. "Apport de la microscopie électronique en transmission à l'étude des mémoires non volatiles de nouvelle génération." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646295.
Full textDemolliens, Antoine. "Apport de la microscopie électronique en transmission à l'étude des mémoires non volatiles de nouvelle génération." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00646295/fr/.
Full textMicroelectronic recent developments impose ton increase the speed and integration density of embedded memories. However, getting reliable products first require developing production process, understanding reliability issues, and managing physical analysis of defects. Thus, the work done during this thesis concerns the failure analysis and physical characterisation of non volatile memories by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Four research subjects have been studied. The first one applied to microstructure degradation of advanced EEPROM cell, produced at STMicroelectronics, after electrical and thermal solicitations. Then, a new charge based storage quasi non volatile architecture called SQeRAM, actually under investigation at STMicroelctronics, was characterised by TEM, in order to get the microstructure of charge storage areas and understand the physical origin of poor retention performances of these devices. Thirdly, a collaboration with the start up Crocus Technology gave us the opportunity to participate to the process development of a new generation of thermally assisted writing magnetoresistive memory (TA-MRAM). Here, different complex magnetic stacks constituting the memorisation element of these devices have been characterised. Finally, the last addressed research axe concerned a new generation of non volatile macromolecular resistance switching memory based on the organo-metallic complex CuTCNQ. In this case, CuTCNQ microstructure and growth in small via interconnections was studied, for different synthesis methods developed by IMEC and Aachen Technical University
Hocevar, Moïra. "Croissance et caractérisation électrique de nanocristaux d'InAs / SiO2 pour des applications de mémoires non volatiles sur silicium." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551840.
Full textDufourcq, Joël. "Elaboration et caractérisation microscopique de matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique en vue de l'application aux mémoires non volatiles." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10070.
Full textNowadays, industrial microelectronic companies pay increasing attention to discrete charge storage non volatile memories. Ln this PhD research, the main idea is to replace the conventional continuous tloating gate by a high number of discrete storage nodes constituted of semiconductor and metallic nanocrystals. Af'ter a presentation of the nanocrystal memories state of the art and of the nanocrystal integration issues in industrial devices, the concept of silicon nanocrystal passivation is presented. To resist to post-deposition oxidant anneals, nanocrystals are specifically treated: their surfaces are nitrided under ammonia and nitrous oxide. Characterisations are carried out by employing analytic methods such as XPS, SEM, and energy filtered TEM. Ln order to understand the exact nature of the nitrided shell that surrounds the nanocrystals alter treatment under ammonia, HRXPS analysis were carried out at the ELETTRA synchrotron (Trieste, Italy). The best nitridation processes are then used for industrial process tlows leading to the fabrication of a 32 Mbits Flash demonstrator. Ln addition, platinum and nickel metallic nanocrystals are studied. Small sized high density platinum nanocrystals (2 nm, 3EI2 Icm') are eIaborated using sputtering processes followed by dewetting anneals. C(V) measurements carried out on capacitors integrating platinum nanocrystals reveal an excellent memory effect (L'i Vth=7. 1 V). Finally, the challenges of the integration of metallic nanocrystals in industrial devices are discussed and our work has led to innovative processes compatible with conventional 200 mm memory processes
Pic, David. "Etude de la fiabilité de l'oxyde SiO2 dans les dispositifs CMOS avancés et les mémoires non-volatiles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11062.
Full textThe SiO2 dielectric reliability always involves a major interest for the new technologies integration and the development of adapted methods for oxide quality evaluation during product manufacturing. This thickness layer has not stopped to decrease and has become lower than 1. 5 nm for the most advanced technologies. The physical origin of the mechanism responsible of the breakdown for this oxide range is not still completely clarified. On the other hand, the EEPROM memories integration is faced to the mechanism of stress induced leakage current which constitutes a major problem for reliability to guarantee the data conservation during 10 years. The STMicroelectronics Rousset site is in charge of the transfer of 90nm CMOS technologies with embedded non-volatile memories in production. One of the main sector of its activity concerns automotive applications working at 150ºC. In this fundamental and applied context, this manuscript treats the oxide reliability. We have investigated two items: The ultra-thin oxide reliability (<3. 5nm) and the oxide reliability for EEPROM memories (6-8nm). We establish several conclusions concerning Si-H bond breaking mechanism allowing to explain the breakdown for thin oxides. EEPROM memory uses oxide thickness range very sensitive to the SILC mechanism. It requires a better understanding of this mechanism to interpret and understand the charge loss in memory plan. We have characterized SILC in terms of annealing, thermal activation and generation to explain intrinsic and extrinsic cells behavior classically observed in a memory plan
Ferraton, Stéphane. "Caractérisation et modélisation du stockage de charge dans des nanocristaux de silicium de nouvelles mémoires non volatiles." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0011.
Full textThe reliability of the gate stack of conventional non volatile floating gate memory device is a major issue to pursue the downscaling of the memories. A solution consists in introducing new materials such as a discrete layer of silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) acting as a floating gate. A study of the charging/discharging mechanisms of Si-nc using complementary electrical techniques (quasi-static C,I-V, LF noise, impedance, DLTS) is presented in this manuscript. The charging and the charge dynamics of the Si-nc is clearly evidenced using simultaneous quasi-static capacitance and current measurements based on the feedback charge method. The characteristics are simulated using models involving three states of charge and a size distribution of Si-nc in agreement with SEMITEM micrographs. Furthermore, the tunneling constant and the space charge density (Si-nc, traps HTO/Si02. . . ) in the gate oxide are determined by low frequency noise technique. Ln addition, the noise PSD obtained from the gate conductance measurements shows a good agreement with those obtained by the low frequency noise measurements. Finally, using a spectroscopy technique (FT-DLTS), the response of the Si-nc is distinguished from the slow traps response located at the interface between the tunnel oxide and the control oxide. The size dispersion and the accommodation of multiple charges in the biggest Si-nc are revealed. Different complementary electrical techniques and specifie physical models are used to highlight the charging mechanisms of the Si-nc
Courtade, Lorène. "Développement, mécanismes de programmation et fiabilité de mémoires non volatiles à commutation de résistance MRAM et OxRRAM." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536904.
Full textCourtade, Lorène. "Développement, mécanismes de programmation et fiabilité de mémoires non volatiles à commutation de résistance MRAM et OxRRAM." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00536904/fr/.
Full textMicroelectronics has shown a rapid development due to the improvement of performances and the cost reduction. The memory market is a key domain in this sector. The major stake is to accede to universal memory which will replace all the others, by associating the DRAM density and "unlimited" endurance, the SRAM rapidity and the Flash non volatility. We have focused on the MRAM and OxRRAM technologies, having the advantage of being, like the Flash technology, non volatile and compatible with MOS technology. They should also be, according to the architecture adopted, as rapid as a SRAM, as dense as a DRAM and have an almost unlimited endurance. These technologies are based on concepts in which the discrimination between the two states of the memory point is operated by a resistance change. The first part of this thesis has been dedicated to the MRAM technology and particularly to the reliability of the tunnel oxide integrated in the magnetic junction, basic element of MRAM memory cells. The second part has been centered on the development and the understanding of physical programming mechanisms of OxRRAM memory integrating a NiO binary oxide in the memorization element. A particular stress has been put on the development of a simple technological solution in its manufacturing process and permitting to obtain stacks with electrical performances conforming to specifications. Thus, it is possible to consider the nickel oxide integration in very small-sized dimension structures and to aim at a substantial reduction of the memory cell size