Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mémoire à long et court terme'
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Bernardin, Sophie. "Mémoire de travail et contraintes cognitives : le modèle du partage temporel des ressources." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL013.
Full textPortrat, Sophie. "Mémoire de travail et fonctions exécutives : l'apport du modèle de partage temporel des ressources." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL006.
Full textThe relationships between maintenance and executive processing within working memory are explored through the Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet, Bernardin, & Camos, 2004). We study the role of the central executive in maintenance through the use of complex span tasks by investigating the impact of a wide range of executive functions (i. E. , response selection, retrieval, inhibition of prepotent responses and updating) on concurrent maintenance. On the one hand, we observe that the involvement of any executive function in a processing activity results in a decrease of memory performance. On the other hand, a meta-analysis establishes an accurate metric of this effect: the memory loss induced by a controlled processing activity is exclusively determined by the proportion of time during which this activity captures attention. Both maintenance and processing are underpinned by the central executive in charge of the sequential setting up of the executive processes. When a controlled processing activity is performed, it occupies the central executive that is no longer available for refreshing decaying memory traces
Karypidis, Charalampos. "Asymétries en perception et traitement de bas niveau : traces auditives, mémoire a court terme et représentations mentales." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487590.
Full textElaagouby, Abdelkrim. "Modification à court et à long terme de l'excitabilité des neurones du bulbe olfactif : induction et modulation par le calcium et les agents GABAergiques et cholinergiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10221.
Full textPanchenko, Polina. "Mémoire épigénétique des trajectoires pondérales maternelles préconceptionnelles au cours du développement et à long terme." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066574/document.
Full textMaternal obesity (OB) impacts fetal growth and adult offspring phenotype. It is still unknown whether the currently recommended preconceptional weight loss (WL) for obese women is beneficial for feto-placental growth and adult offspring health. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the effects of maternal weight trajectories on offspring phenotype at term and in adulthood, as well as gene expression in placenta and fetal liver. At E18.5, fetuses from obese females presented a fetal growth restriction (FGR); this FGR was almost completely abolished by maternal WL. Placental and hepatic expression of epigenetic machinery genes was affected by maternal OB, especially the histone acetylation pathway. Maternal WL normalized the expression of only a subset of these genes. Males born to OB mothers gained weight faster under high-fat diet than males born to control mothers; maternal WL rescued this phenotype. These results show that expression of epigenetic machinery genes and in particular histone acetylation regulators, is highly sensitive to maternal obesity. Preconceptional WL alleviates the effects of OB on fetal and adult weight but some effects of obesity cured by nutritional intervention were retained in offspring phenotype at term. This study is an important step toward understanding the mechanisms linking maternal nutrition to fetal growth and adult health
Safi-Stibler, Sofiane. "Mémoire métabolique et épigénétique des trajectoires pondérales maternelles préconceptionnelles, au cours du développement et à long terme." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS357.
Full textMaternal obesity can predispose to metabolic pathologies in adulthood. Preconceptional weight loss is recommended for obese women, but its effects on the health of the offspring are still poorly understood. The objectives of this thesis were to study the effects of preconceptional maternal weight trajectories on the metabolic phenotype of offspring in adulthood and to address the underlying epigenetic mechanisms at gestation term. The study is based on a mouse model comprising three maternal groups (control, obese and weight loss) and two offspring groups (normal or high-fat diet). Multifactorial analyzes revealed a major effect of sex and post-weaning diet on the phenotype of offspring, as well as a conditioning effect by maternal physiology in males under high-fat diet. A metabolomic analysis of the liver, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb of adult male offspring confirmed the major effect of post-weaning diet on several metabolic pathways, and identified 3 metabolites common to all three tissues. In addition, this study revealed a programming effect by maternal obesity in the liver. At term of gestation, we also started a preliminary study concerning the post-translational modifications of the histones, in particular their acetylation. This work brings novel elements concerning the actors and the mechanisms of the programming and the developmental conditioning of the offspring by the preconceptional maternal weight trajectories
Renard, Justine. "Conséquences à long terme d’une exposition chronique aux cannabinoïdes durant l’adolescence chez le rat : Approches comportementale, fonctionnelle et structurale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P643/document.
Full textCannabis use among adolescents and young adults is a risk factor for developing psychotic symptoms. The aim of this thesis was to study the consequences at different levels (behavioral, functional and structural in adulthood) of chronic exposure to synthetic cannabinoids during adolescence in the rat. We showed that chronic administration of a cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP 55940, during adolescence (PND 29-50) in rats leads to significant long-term deleterious effects in short-term memory and in spatial working memory in adulthood. The same treatment administered in adulthood (PND 70-91) does not cause long-term cognitive deficits. We further demonstrated that cannabinoid during adolescence leads in adults to a significant decrease in the expression of LTP induced in hippocampal to prefrontal cortex synapses, a circuit directly involved in memory processes and in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This alteration could be associated with changes in the morphology of pyramidal neurons in layer II / III of PFC and/or in the density of synaptic markers that we also identified in these cannabinoid-treated rats. These findings demonstrate that adolescence is a critical and vulnerable period to the deleterious effects of cannabinoids on cognitive processes. The neurobiological basis for this effect, especially with regard to alterations to prefrontal circuitry, which we partially provide should improve our understanding of the emergence of psychosis and lead to new therapeutic strategies and prevention
Lambert, Isabelle. "Modification des réseaux de pointes intercritiques au cours du sommeil et effets sur la consolidation mnésique à long terme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0203.
Full textSleep plays a key role in consolidation of declarative memory, i.e. the process allowing a long-term stabilization of memory, in which medial temporal regions, particularly hippocampus, are major actors.Long-term memory consolidation is the result of hippocampal-neocortical dialogue occurring during NREM sleep thanks to temporal coupling between hippocampal ripples, sleep spindles, and cortical slow waves. Epileptic anomalies may specifically impair this hippocampal-neocortical dialogue.Epilepsy is the result from abnormal hyperexcitability of neuronal networks, represented by epileptic seizures and interictal spikes. Mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy is often associated to impairment of declarative memory.The aim of this thesis is to determine whether interictal spikes occurring during NREM sleep negatively impact long-term memory consolidation processes.In the first study, we showed that interictal spike frequency increased during NREM sleep in all brain regions but was higher in medial temporal region than in neocortical regions. In the second study, we prospectively investigated memory consolidation in 20 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy recorded with SEEG for presurgical investigation. We showed that hippocampal interictal spikes frequency during NREM sleep was negatively correlated to retention of verbal memory over one week. Taken as a whole, our results showed that the activation of interictal spikes in medial temporal regions during NREM sleep has a negative impact on long-term memory consolidation
Jacquet, Marlyse. "Effets promnésiants de l'activation des récepteurs sérotoninergiques de type 4 (5-HT4) dans des modèles rongeurs (rats, souris) de vieillissement normal et pathologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3070.
Full textIn normal aging or pathological brain diseases in rodents procedural memory is spared while reference memory is deeply impaired.Injection of a partial selective 5-HT4 agonist (SL65.0155. 0.01mg/kg) enabled complete recovery of association learning performance in an olfactory associative discrimination task, the olfactory tubing maze for exemple.Activation of 5-HT4 receptors by a selective agonist could be useful for the symptomatic treatment of memory dysfunctions related to pathological aging such as Alzheimer’disease
Prévot, Thomas. "Pathogénicité du stress chronique chez l'adulte dans un modèle murin : impact à long terme et rôle de la somatostatine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0321/document.
Full textStress has an adaptive function but it can have also deleterious effects on physical,cognitive and mental health when its intensity and/or chronicity increase. A large body ofevidence supports the idea that young children, adolescents and aged people are highlysensitive to stress. The aim of this study was to determinate if a critical period of sensitivity tostress may be evidenced during adulthood. The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress protocoldeveloped in the mouse was used. Short and long-term impacts of stress were quantified byassessing somatic, hedonic, anxious, depressive and cognitive troubles which arecharacteristic of a stress syndrome. Unlike the view that adults are resistant and resilient tostress, the results presented in this thesis show that a stress period during adulthood inducesimmediate and long-lasting deleterious effects. However, middle-aged adults were moreresistant and more resilient than younger or older subjects which both displayed a more severesymptomatology. The anxiety level initially induced by chronic stress is correlated with thepersistence of troubles and with modifications of gene repression marks in the hippocampus,indicating the presence of an epigenetic signature of the chronic stress episode in the longterm.Recent studies have suggested that central somatostatin is involved in emotionalregulations, linking the vulnerability of somatostatinergic neurons to chronic stress with theinstatement of anxio-depressive disorders. We showed herein that hippocampal sst2 and sst4receptor subtypes mediate the inhibition of HPA axis and improve anxio-depressivebehaviors. Behavioral patterns induced by either selective agonists or deletions of thesereceptors suggest that two regulatory pathways respectively interact with the serotoninergicsystem (sst2) and the noradrenergic system (sst4). In addition, sst2 receptors mainly regulateanxiety whereas sst4 is mainly involved in the regulation of cognitive and depressivedisorders. As a whole, this thesis corroborates the idea that chronic stress has pathogeniceffects even in adulthood and highlights the importance of neuroendocrine and cognitivoemotionalregulations by sst2 and sst4 receptor subtypes, a specificity that has to beconsidered in the use and the development of somatostatin treatments targeting HPAderegulations and stress-related disorders
Javid, Gelareh. "Contribution à l’estimation de charge et à la gestion optimisée d’une batterie Lithium-ion : application au véhicule électrique." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Full textThe State Of Charge (SOC) estimation is a significant issue for safe performance and the lifespan of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which is used to power the Electric Vehicles (EVs). In this thesis, the accuracy of SOC estimation is investigated using Deep Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) algorithms. To do this, for a one cell Li-ion battery, three new SOC estimator based on different DRNN algorithms are proposed: a Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) method, Robust Long-Short Term Memory (RoLSTM) algorithm, and a Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) technique. Using these, one is not dependent on precise battery models and can avoid complicated mathematical methods especially in a battery pack. In addition, these models are able to precisely estimate the SOC at varying temperature. Also, unlike the traditional recursive neural network where content is re-written at each time, these networks can decide on preserving the current memory through the proposed gateways. In such case, it can easily transfer the information over long paths to receive and maintain long-term dependencies. Comparing the results indicates the BiLSTM network has a better performance than the other two. Moreover, the BiLSTM model can work with longer sequences from two direction, the past and the future, without gradient vanishing problem. This feature helps to select a sequence length as much as a discharge period in one drive cycle, and to have more accuracy in the estimation. Also, this model well behaved against the incorrect initial value of SOC. Finally, a new BiLSTM method introduced to estimate the SOC of a pack of batteries in an Ev. IPG Carmaker software was used to collect data and test the model in the simulation. The results showed that the suggested algorithm can provide a good SOC estimation without using any filter in the Battery Management System (BMS)
Madini-Zouine, Zhour. "Caractérisation et modélisation des dynamiques non linéaires dans les dispositifs pour systèmes de télécommunications : cas de la PLL et de l’amplificateur de puissance." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/305e64c0-a054-4cbb-b186-af5fa3c22754/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4008.pdf.
Full textThis work mainly deals with the characterization and modeling of nonlinear dynamic devices for telecommunication systems and more particularly PLL and power amplifier components. The first aim is to handle PLL top-down modelling approach in order to spread the design specifications from the top of the hierarchy to the bottom. The second aim is to develop an amplifier model that integrates effectively and simultaneously both short (HF) and long term (BF) nonlinear memory effects. Two models based on the compound dynamic Volterra structure are developed: explicit which takes into account the carrier-spreading effects and implicit which involves a true feedback loop, close to the actual mechanism. We have also developed an efficient approach to characterize and reproduce long term memory effects based on two-tone measurements which requires only Harmonic Balance analysis. This technique resolves limitations of the model related to model parameters extraction accuracy and convergence speed
Lombardo, Evelyne. "Analyse communicationnelle des effets cognitifs d'un dispositif éducatif médiatisé : le cas de la médiatisation d'un cours 3D en images virtuelles immersif et interactif et ses impacts sur la mémoire explicite." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258840.
Full textShortridge-Baillot, Joan. "Similarité et distincitivité en mémoire à court terme verbale." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE29036.
Full textBOUCHET, JACQUES. "Filtres endocaves percutanes : suivi a court terme et a long terme." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M371.
Full textPerrin, Laëtitia. "Le rôle des connaissances sémantiques dans la mémorisation de l'ordre en mémoire à court terme." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT5020.
Full textThe contribution of semantic knowledge in short-term memory has been recently pointed out (e. G. , lexicality, concreteness and categorical effects). Many studies reported a positive effect of these factors on items recall, however the potential effect on order information remains a matter of controversy: they elicit a disadvantage or they have no effect. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of semantic knowledge on the short-term recall of order information. More precisely, the hypothesis was that a pre-organized structure for long-term memory information can improve the order recall. In this thesis, seven immediate serial recall task experiments are reported. Among them, three experiments were replicated. The four initial experiments examined the contribution of thematic associations. In the fifth experiment, an organization was assigned to categorical lists, and the two last experiments concerned scripts (i. E. , information attaching a predominant role to the order). Three main results were obtained. First, the presence of an organization, corresponding to the one of long-term memory, in semantic lists can improve the order recall. Second, item retrieval is based on the associative links between items, contrary to models of Saint-Aubin, Ouellette and Poirier (2005) and Haarmann and Usher (2001). Third, there is an early contribution (i. E. , during encoding) of semantic knowledge in the short-term memory, contrary to model of Saint-Aubin, Ouellette and Poirier (2005)
Billard, Guillemette. "Activation et intégration multimodales en mémoire à long terme." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/badard_g.
Full textThe aim of this work was to give arguments in favour of an multiple traces memory model (Versace, Nevers, & Padovan, 2002), in which memory traces are supposed to be distributed over multiple dimensions. According to this model, the descriptive dimensions of knowledge are assumed to be mainly sensorial, motor et emotionnal. Therefore, representation are supposed to be records of the neural states that underlie perception and action. This conception supposes that the presentation of a visual stimulus representing an object activates automatically the various sensory and motor properties which are associated with him. Three series of experiments realized within the framework of this thesis respectively used a short term inter-sensorial (autidory-visual) priming paradigm, a short term sensori-motor priming paradigm and finally a long term inter-sensorial priming paradigm. All these experiments allowed to demonstrate the existence of both fundamental mechanisms of the studied model: the activation of the sensory and motor dimensions of the knowledge and the integration of these elementary dimensions so that appears an elaborated knowledge
Chérif, Lobna. "Traitement d'ordre temporel en mémoire à court-terme et reproduction temporelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57854.pdf.
Full textDeroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066578/document.
Full textThe research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Sum, Map Baudry Bernard. "Marché du travail et emploi au Cambodge contraintes à court terme et enjeux à long terme /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/sum_m.
Full textSum, Map. "Marché du travail et emploi au Cambodge : contraintes à court terme et enjeux à long terme." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/sum_m.
Full textThe objective of the thesis consists of characterise the labour market in Cambodia by using all theoretical information. We show a detail view of changes that have happened in the Cambodian labour market and precising how these changes affect population and economy. The result of labour market analysis will show the quasi non-existing of the labour market and employment policies in Cambodia and that some theoretical framework designed to improving labour market respond partly to the actual situation of Cambodia. This is the reason for which we try to analyse the Cambodian labour market in order to find out all short and long term constraints which lock up the good functioning of Cambodian labour market and which obstruct the application of the theoretical framework. We try finally to view long term strategies for improving labour market and employment situation in Cambodia
Lepine, Raphaëlle. "Mémoire de travail et fonctionnement cognitif : développement et différences individuelles." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL006.
Full textWhat is working memory capacity ? What is the nature of developmental and individual differences ? A first series of experiments shows that differences in working memory (WM) influence performance of adults and children not only in complex cognitive activities, but also in elementary activities relying on retrieval from long-term memory. The WM capacity would correspond to the quantity of attentional resources available to perform retrievals. This quantity is independent of the attentional focus size and affects the speed of retrievals, the learning of new knowledge and the selection of strategies. A second series of experiments evaluates the WM capacity by asking subjects to perform series of retrievals at a fixed pace simultaneoulsy to the maintenance of information in short term memory. The spans are then more predictive of scholastic achievement than traditional spans. All our results suggest that WM capacities are even more central than predicted by actual theoretical models
Bellefeuille, Anne. "La mémoire visuelle à court terme et la perception visuelle dans le vieillissement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52128.pdf.
Full textEslami, Javad. "Étude de l'endommagement à court et long terme d'une roche poreuse." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL006N/document.
Full textAmong the different phenomena responsible for the short and long term deformation of porous rocks, we have studied in this work the damage of an oolithic limestone in the semi-brittle regime and under different hydrous conditions. For this purpose, we have developed an experimental device allowing the simultaneous and continuous measurement of strains and elastic wave velocities, as well as acoustic emissions, on the same sample under mechanical loading and under different hydrous conditions. Particularly, the experimental setup allows simultaneous and continuous measurement of the five elastic wave velocities in 3 different directions of propagation (axial, lateral and off-axis) and 3 different directions of polarization (P and 2 perpendicular S), this almost instantaneously. These velocity measurements allow to assess the acoustic tensor at any time and thus to continuously monitor the evolution of the damage of the rock. The short and long term damage behavior of the limestone is modelled thanks to a phenomenological model which is based on a macroscopic generalization of the microscopic mechanisms highlighted by the experimental study (sliding-opening of existing cracks, nucleation of new cracks, propagation and coalescence of cracks). The short-term model reproduces very well the instantaneous behavior (stress-strain curves and evolution of elastic moduli). The long-term model, whose formulation is uncoupled from the short-term model, allows reproducing qualitatively the experimental creep curves
Pirotte, Alain. "Court terme et long terme en économétrie : l'apport de la cointégration aux données de panel." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA122009.
Full textTaddeï, Lawson Hélène. "Etude de la mémoire : perspective épisodique et distribuée." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/taddei_h.
Full textOur works affect the study of representations in long term memory as we have in view that the memory is a multiple proprieties unique system. We have organized our researches around two central questions : 1. Is memory made of unities stored at precise places or is it a configuration of unities set in a network among the memory system as is the nervous system ? 2. Does the memory keep a point of the whole of the experiences man is confronted with or does it keep a summing up of these experiences in the shape of concepts or ptototyps ? The experiment part of our work has treated the second question. Through three series of experiences, we have studied the effect of the variables prototypy and distance in tasks of categorisation and perceiving discrimination. We used a scheme we built entirely, pseudowords, according to the work of Whittlesea. Our goal was to show that the distance between exemplaries has a major impact on the treatment of information and that the effect of prototypy emerges from the activating of coded exemplaries and not from a prototype stored in the memory. We wanted also to show that the type of task and the type of stimulus influence the treatment of information, this treatment being specific to the treatment episode
Dahmani, Sara. "Synthèse audiovisuelle de la parole expressive : modélisation des émotions par apprentissage profond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0137.
Full text: The work of this thesis concerns the modeling of emotions for expressive audiovisual textto-speech synthesis. Today, the results of text-to-speech synthesis systems are of good quality, however audiovisual synthesis remains an open issue and expressive synthesis is even less studied. As part of this thesis, we present an emotions modeling method which is malleable and flexible, and allows us to mix emotions as we mix shades on a palette of colors. In the first part, we present and study two expressive corpora that we have built. The recording strategy and the expressive content of these corpora are analyzed to validate their use for the purpose of audiovisual speech synthesis. In the second part, we present two neural architectures for speech synthesis. We used these two architectures to model three aspects of speech : 1) the duration of sounds, 2) the acoustic modality and 3) the visual modality. First, we use a fully connected architecture. This architecture allowed us to study the behavior of neural networks when dealing with different contextual and linguistic descriptors. We were also able to analyze, with objective measures, the network’s ability to model emotions. The second neural architecture proposed is a variational auto-encoder. This architecture is able to learn a latent representation of emotions without using emotion labels. After analyzing the latent space of emotions, we presented a procedure for structuring it in order to move from a discrete representation of emotions to a continuous one. We were able to validate, through perceptual experiments, the ability of our system to generate emotions, nuances of emotions and mixtures of emotions, and this for expressive audiovisual text-to-speech synthesis
Bellissens, Cédrick Marc. "Compréhension de texte et mémoire de travail à long terme : expérimentations et simulations." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10075.
Full textHuang, Kai-Lian. "L'asymétrie du cerveau chez la drosophile : développement, fonction et évolution." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112043.
Full textWe found the asymmetrical body (AB) in the Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) brain. This asymmetrical structure expresses the neuronal Fasciclin II protein and is thought to be composed by neuronal axons. AB presents in the right hemisphere. AB seems to involve in the formation or retrieval of the long-term memory because four-day long-term memory was not evident in wild-type flies with a symmetrical brain. In wild-type laboratory strains, three categories of flies are observed: right-sided AB forms in the majority of flies, but left-sided AB and bilateral ABs are also formed. This distribution of symmetrical and asymmetrical flies is not due to genetic variability, as a similar phenotypic frequency was observed in an isogenic Dm strain. We studied brain asymmetry in various Drosophila species and found that the AB is not conserved in all of them. Out of 29 species studied, only 8, including Dm, show an AB-like structure. The results suggest that 1) brain asymmetry has appeared on several independent occasions during the evolution of Drosophila, and 2) the apparition of asymmetry in a species is accompanied by a diversity of brain structures that may sustain behavioral diversity. We obtained 4 AB mutant lines after a mutagenesis and identified 3 genes: chameau, tramtrack and Ecdyson-induced protein 75B. The identification of those genes suggests: (1) le development of AB might be controlled by a cell fate determination (neuron/glia) ; (2) AB might submit a remodeling due to the ecdyson during the metamorphosis
Ben, Abbes Mohamed Aymen. "La sélection attentionnelle et le traitement multiples dans la Mémoire Visuelle à Court-Terme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3014.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is twofold : the first dealt with the assessment of the attentional selection in a Visual Short Term-Memory task. We tested the capacity of the participants in selecting and memorizing targets among distractors. Our results provided evidence for the capacity to memorize four selected objects among a set of distractors without the involvement of physiological mechanisms like eye-movements. Furthermore, we showed that this capacity is sensitive to the spatial organization of targets among distractors. In further experiments, we manipulated the spatial organization of objects, the requirement of the task, the difference between the test object and the object previously presented at the same location. The results highlighted the impact of the spatial organization of objects on the attentional allocation over locations and the processing of targets appearing at these locations. The spatial proximity of objects greatly facilitated the attentional allocation but made the processing more difficult. The second aim dealt with the combination of the preview of distractors method with the partial report paradigm to examining i) the effect of the number of locations serving as cues on the attentional allocation capacity and ii) the effect of the number of objects on the processing capacity. We showed that the division of attention over several objects is limited by the difficulties associated with attentional allocation beyond two selected locations and the difficulties associated with processing beyond two encoded objects
Moreau, David. "Cognition visuo-spatiale et activités motrices complexes : effets de l'expertise et du genre." Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30054.
Full textThis manuscript presents eight articles concerning the relationship between visuospatial cognition and complex motor skills. After evaluating different measurement tools available to the researcher to assess individual mental representations, we provide an original test adapted to the field of complex motor skills. Subsequently, we examine gender and motor skills expertise effects on mental rotation ability, showing men and experts superiority as well as a specific use of the range of strategies available to the latter. In the next two articles working memory span is proposed as a potential explanation for previously stated individual differences and we suggest that dimensionality and stimuli type are critical factors that deserve careful consideration when studying visuospatial cognition in humans. The last piece, theoretical, offers several applications to our research findings and those of other researchers in the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience
Cormier, Vincent. "Compressibilité à court et à long terme d'assemblages de particules de roche." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25669.
Full textShort term and long term compressibility of assemblages of rock particles was studied through one-dimensional compression tests in a large oedometer cell. It was found that short term compressibility tends to be more important for samples with a wide grain size distribution curve, a low density and when the sample was wetted prior to the oedometer test. Additional tests on samples of different rock size reveals that the grain size effect on compressibility is negligible for the samples tested. Furthermore, the compressibility was successfully related to the breakage factor, Bg, highlighting the importance of breakage in such tests. As for long term compressibility, it appears that the ratio between the time-dependent index and the compressibility index, Cε, t/Cε, σ, tends to be a constant of about 0.02 for dry samples and 0.035 for saturated samples.
Saint-Aubin, Jean. "Représentations à long terme et rappel sériel immédiat : une hypothèse de récupération." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/NQ31506.pdf.
Full textAnne, Valentine Grosdidier Gilles. "Les sympathectomies thoraciques et lombaires Résultats à court et long-terme sur l'hyperhidrose et l'érythrophobie /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2009_ANNE_VALENTINE.pdf.
Full textCara, Michel. "Stratégies d'apprentissage de la lecture musicale à court-terme : mémoire de travail et oculométrie cognitive." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL013.
Full textThroughout this thesis, evaluation of music performance is viewed as a latent object of study in order to provide tools for learning to read music. We have defined some variables from eye movements and music performance accounting for expert performance and interactions between skill groups when learning a new piece of music. In more details, we have observed the use of different strategies for music information intake, processes and information retrieval depending on musicians’ expertise and we have stressed the importance of learning through interaction. In the process of skill acquisition, when self-confidence is gained strategies are simultaneously adjusted (Bandura, 1997; McPherson and McCormick, 2006). In reference to the current debate about the nature of music reading, we have compared musical and verbal processing during comprehensive reading of texts and scores. On the whole, considering the model of Baddeley (1990), musicians’ cognitive resources during music reading would be mobilized depending on the expertise and the music style
Rizzo, Lydia. "Troubles de la mémoire à long terme et schizophrénie : étude de la mémoire du contexte spatial et temporel et de la source." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T002.
Full textPadovan, Catherine. "De la représentation des émotions en mémoire : arguments théoriques et expérimentaux en faveur de l'hypothèse d'une double représentation émotionnelle en mémoire à long-terme." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/padovan_c.
Full textFLAJOLLET, JEAN-GABRIEL. "Suivi a court et long terme des thromboses veineuses profondes et/ou embolies pulmonaires fibrinolysees." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M207.
Full textGérard, Yannick. "Mémoire sémantique et sons de l'environnement." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL011.
Full textYou're walking quietly and far away you hear a barking dog. A dog? But how do you know that it is a dog? In addition, does this barking dog prepare you it to hear other sounds? Here are the two central purposes of this thesis, determine if a sound activates an abstract structure of knowledge in semantic memory, and if so, how these structures were organised? Ten experiments organised in 3 studies investigate these questions. A first study of 4 experiments in short-term priming with short context indicates that environmental sounds activate abstract structures of knowledge in semantic memory. The results suggest dissimilarities between the organisation of words and the organisation of environmental sounds in LTM. The way environmental sounds are linked (to each other) in memory are studied with a free association experiment, two experiments of free categorization and a short-term priming experiment (Study 2). They highlight that many factors influence the processing of these sounds (linguistic mediation, temporal "stress", sound categories, uncertainty about the cause of the sound). The environmental sounds seem organise as a function of the place where we can be heard together (farm, street, etc. . . ) and certain acoustic characteristics. In a third and last study of short-term priming with long context (sound sentences and auditory scenes) a maximum of these factors is controlled and the organisation of sounds observed in the second study is taken into account. The results are asymmetrical and show that a sentence facilitates the processing of congruent sounds compared with incongruent sounds, the reverse is observed when the context is a naturalistic auditory scene. The results of our study in naturalistic context are interpreted with the "pop out" phenomenon. This thesis suggests that environmental sounds activate conceptual knowledge in semantic memory used for the language and are organised in LTM in auditive scenes which do not create any expectancies about the probable sound objects in this scene and make more obvious all the unexpected sounds in this same scene
Voltzenlogel, Virginie. "Mémoire du passé et consolidation à très long terme dans l’épilepsie du lobe temporal." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/VOLTZENLOGEL_Virginie_2007.pdf.
Full textBarakat, Marc. "Accès au lexique, mémoire et bilinguisme." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20031.
Full textLists of grammatical categories in Arabic and French were mixed and matched, and passed to a group of lebanese subjects, aged between 55 and 75, and presenting a compound bilingualism. Results showed an increase in the memory span as well as a decrease in the differences between the languages, with the increase of the cultural level. Moreover, we have noticed that concrete words are the easiest to memorize, then comes the verbs, followed by the abstract words, then the adjectives and finally the grammatical morphemes. Even though less obvious, this is also true for patients suffering from dementia. We have also noticed an effect of inter-lingual repetition, more palpable when Arabic is presented first or when patients have a higher cultural level. However, high-cultured patients often mix the two languages, presenting an originally Arabic word with its French translation or vice versa, proving a higher correlation between these two languages when the cultural level increments
Mayeur, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de l'impact rénal à court et long terme du choc hémorragique expérimental murin." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2001/.
Full textAcute renal failure (ARF) is an independent mortality marker in numerous medical or surgical pathologies. The leading cause of organic ARF is ischemic acute tubular necrosis. The lack of efficacy in humans of therapeutic yet successfully tested in animals may be related to the deficiencies in experimental models of tubular necrosis. Indeed, these models (renal artery clamping, massive dose of tubulo-toxic drugs) propose a caricatural mechanism of ARF and prevent any physiological mechanism of adaptation. Our goal was to develop, in mice, a new model of ARF induced by pressure controlled hemorrhagic shock and to decipher its kidney impact. We initially developed the model of hemorrhagic shock and showed that two hours shock duration at 35 mmHg of mean arterial pressure is likely to create an organic ARF. Then, we tested the impact of this shock on kidney and observed a molecular and functional impact predominant between day (D) 2 and D6 after shock but still present at D21 with renal fibrosis and renal tubular dysfunction. The existence of renal hypoxia in the aftermath of shock led us to study its impact in a population of obese type 2 diabetic mice (db/db). We have indeed confirmed that diabetic mice kidneys already exhibit hypoxia before any aggression and that hemorrhagic shock led to a more severe functional impact and a different response to hypoxia in diabetic mice. At least, because evaluating glomerular filtration (GFR) in mice is hazardous, we have performed a correlation study between the historical markers (serum creatinin, plasma urea), cystatin c and measured GFR. We have confirmed that neither urea nor creatinin obtained by the colorimetric technique are reliable markers in mice. Nevertheless, creatinin obtained by immuno colorimetric assay and particularly cystatin C are better correlated with measured GFR. Altogether, we have described a new model of ARF in two different mice populations: control C57/Bl6 and type 2 diabetic obese mice. We also highlight that cystatin C in mice is more accurate for estimating GFR that historical markers (serum creatinin by the colorimetric technique and plasma urea)
Roux, Helene. "Déterminants de l'évolution à court terme des soins hospitaliers et du devenir à long terme dans l'anorexie mentale sévère." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981851.
Full textRoux, Hélène. "Déterminants de l’évolution à court terme des soins hospitaliers et du devenir à long terme dans l’anorexie mentale sévère." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T017/document.
Full textAnorexia nervosa is a disease that affects both mental and physical health. The most severe forms as they require long hospital care, with a drop-out rate very high (20% of adolescents and 60% of adults) are those with the worst prognosis. But this drop-out (or early exit) generates both relapse and a chronicisation. If the long-term outcome of these patients is documented, studies focusing on the most severe forms are few, and among them, those taking into account both the somatic and psychic aspects of their outcome are almost nonexistent. That’s why, after focusing on epidemiological data on anorexia nervosa, we chose to focus our thesis on first the search for factors explaining the drop-out and may become therapeutic targets, and second the physical and psychological outcome of these subjects ten years after hospitalization.The first study of 180 patients from ten centers taking care of severe anorexic patients, relied on a prospective clinical multicenter epidemiological study called EVALHOSPITAM. Our objective was to identify predictors of drop-out during hospitalization for anorexia nervosa. Indeed, taking into account such factors upon admission might help reduce drop-out during hospitalization, and thus help to improve the prognosis of these subjects.The second study presents the results of an outcome study of patients hospitalized during adolescence on average nine years before. Our work focuses on the somatic outcome of long-term patients who suffered from anorexia nervosa, its link to psychiatric outcome and finally a comparison with a sample from the general population of the same age and sex
Petit, Florian. "Etude génétique de la mémoire à long terme chez Drosophila melanogaster : identification et caractérisation du gène crammer." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10065.
Full textRémon, Danaé. "Stratégies d'apprentissage et mémoire à long terme d'associations mot-objet chez le jeune enfant et le chien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30208.
Full textAll of us occasionally remember information or personal events that occurred a long time ago. But what about young children and distantly related animal species? Do young children and animals also form memories that can last in time? And if so, does memory formation rely on the same principles than those established in human adults? This thesis intended to examine these questions in the context of an associative learning concept involving complex bimodal stimuli: the word-object concept; both in young children and domestic dogs. For these two models, we explored some parameters susceptible to facilitate the encoding and storage of this type of information in memory. In particular, we attempted to determine if the number of presentations of novel word-object associations during learning influenced the retention of the name of these objects after a delay. We also aimed to establish the minimal number of presentations of the pairs required to induce a memory trace. Finally, we examined the efficacy of two learning strategies on the ability to remember the names of novel objects and demonstrated that the efficacy of the strategies implemented in humans evolves during development and seems not to apply to dogs. In brief, our results enlightened some principles underlying the formation of sensory memories in an early-developing brain system as well as in a non-primate species, and allow us to make assumptions about the underlying brain mechanisms
Hasan, Youssef. "Modulateurs, médiateurs et effets à court et long terme des jeux vidéos violents sur les conduites agressives." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH034/document.
Full textViolent video games are considered as a risk factor for violence. A fairly broad consensus today is shared among the majority of researchers. A new generation of research must now work to determine 1. if there are more at risk player profiles 2. causal mechanisms by which violent video games increase aggressive behavior. Through six studies including a cross-sectional research and five experimental research studies, we provide a new perspective on the mediators and moderators of violent video game effects on human aggression
Cherkaoui, Khalid. "Caractérisation de la microstructure et comportement à court et long terme d'un Béton de Poudre Réactive extrudable." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0046/document.
Full textReactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is well known for ultra-high mechanical performances and very good durability as well as for a high cost. The aim of this study is to find an extrudable RPC. Abrams cone preliminary tests were made with various contents of superplasticizer and a partial substitution of silica fume by crushed quartz. Then, fives concrete samples were chosen and systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Then, a complete study was made including early-age shrinkage, mechanical strength, gas permeability and chloride diffusion measurements. An experimental extruder was build. Among the five compositions, one of them, where crushed quartz replaces a part of silica fume, exhibits very good properties: good extrudability, very good durability, and better mechanical strength with an improvement of shrinkage. The microstructural study of this composition highlights the effect of the superplasticizer on hydration, with high belite consumption. This composition allows a lower cost of RPC with a decreasing of silica fume content, without thermal treatment
Graindorge, Serge. "Étude expérimentale et théorique du comportement viscoélastique non-linéaire des matériaux composites : (Modèle unifié long terme - court terme et influence du vieillissement thermique)." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0825.
Full textAkirob, Karen. "Effet du tempo sur la relation entre la mémoire à court terme et la production de frappes cadencées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25477.pdf.
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