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Bosco, Carmelo. "Effets du port permanent d'une surcharge sur les caractéristiques morphologiques fonctionnelles des muscles extenseurs des membres inférieurs." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET005T.
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Tokarskiy, Eduard. "La Russie au Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies 1991-2017." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL055.
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Après la fin de la guerre froide, la situation sur la scène géopolitique mondiale a beaucoup changé. L'URSS est sortie de l'histoire. L'ONU et son Conseil de sécurité en absence de la confrontation des blocs ont commencé à fonctionner efficacement. Cependant pour la Russie, en tant que continuateur de l'URSS, la chute de l’empire s’est avérée difficile. Le pays a perdu une grande partie de son influence, mais a réussi à conserver le siège de membre permanent du Conseil de sécurité. Ce siège a permis à la Russie de compenser sa faiblesse relative et d'influencer les processus mondiaux afin de former un ordre mondial stable et réaliser ses intérêts nationaux par le biais de la plus large coopération multilatérale. Cette recherche traite la question de la politique russe au Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU dans la période d’après-guerre froide et jusqu’à la seconde moitié des années 2010. L’enjeu est de comprendre l’approche russe au fonctionnement du Conseil de sécurité, montrer et expliquer sa transformation, ainsi que d’évaluer des changements de la politique étrangère russe dans la période concernée. En s’appuyant sur les Archives de l’ONU, les témoignages des diplomates et experts, la littérature historique et scientifique russe et occidentale, nous étudions dans cette thèse l’évolution de la politique russe dans l’un des principaux organes multilatéraux du monde ainsi que les changements pertinents sur la scène internationale entre 1991 et 2017After the end of the Cold War, the situation at the global geopolitical arena has changed dramatically. The USSR has gone down in history. The UN and its Security Council began to function effectively in the absence of confrontation between the blocs. However, for Russia, as the continuer of the USSR, the fall of the empire turned out to be difficult. The country lost most of its influence but managed to retain a permanent seat in the Security Council. This seat allowed Russia to compensate for its relative weakness and influence global processes to form a stable world order and realize its national interests through the broadest multilateral cooperation. This study is devoted to the question of Russian policy in the UN Security Council in the period after the end of the Cold War and up to the second half of the 2010s. The task is to understand the Russian approach to the functioning of the Security Council, to show and explain its transformation, as well as to assess changes in Russia's foreign policy over the relevant period. Based on the UN archives, the testimonies of diplomats and experts, Russian and Western historical and scientific literature, we study in this dissertation the evolution of Russian politics in one of the main multilateral bodies of the world, as well as the relevant changes at the international scene between 1991 and 2017
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Kottenstette, Nicholas E. (Nicholas Eugene). "Designing mechanisms with shape memory alloys and permanent magnets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43923.
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Canzonieri, Massimiliano. "Dati digitali effimeri e permanenti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3904/.
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Ferraro, Mathew C. "The Missing Saxophone: Why the Saxophone Is Not a Permanent Member of the Orchestra." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341342139.
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Li, Fuhua, and 李富华. "Design, analysis, control and application of permanent magnet brushless dual-memory machines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208621.
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Conventional PM machines have fixed PM excitation and can only perform flux-weakening by controlling the d-axis current. This current incurs the power dissipation and reduces the efficiency during flux-weakening operations.
Memory machines change this situation by introducing the memory function, namely magnetizing or reversely magnetizing Al-Ni-Co PMs to change the air-gap flux density. This provides another new way to realizing flux-weakening. And the elimination of the flux-weakening d-axis current improves the overall efficiency. But the single-memory machines have lower power density due to the low-energy Al-Ni-Co PMs.
By incorporating the memory concept and with the intention of improving the power density, the DC-excited PMBL dual-memory machines have been proposed and implemented, based on two kinds of PMs which are high-coercivity Nd-Fe-B PMs and low-coercivity Al-Ni-Co PMs. The Nd-Fe-B PMs provide a strong magnetic field to excite high air-gap flux density; while the Al-Ni-Co PMs can be forward magnetized to strengthen the magnetic field produced by Nd-Fe-B PMs or can be reversely magnetized to cancel that field. Consequently the air-gap flux density can be controlled within a wide range.
A series of design principles on such kind of dual-memory machine are devised for guidance. The key design principles involve how to determine the number of salient poles on the stator and rotor, how to choose the surface areas and thicknesses of the two kind of PM pieces and how to size the rotor dimension.
Generally, increase on the proportion of Nd-Fe-B PMs will raise the base field and the load capacity. On the other hand, increment on the proportion of Al-Ni-Co PMs will extend the controllable flux range. Analysis is also carried out on the equivalent magnetic circuit to formulate the magnetizing force exerted on Al-Ni-Co PMs.
The machine model is analyzed by using time-stepping FEM (TS-FEM) and co-simulation of FEM software and Matlab Simulink. The dynamic reverse magnetizing processes are simulated and presented in details under different magnetizing current. In addition the effect of adding iron bridges between the two kinds PMs is also evaluated by simulations.
Furthermore, the control methods are evaluate by simulations and experiments. The direct torque control (DTC) scheme is adapted to this doubly-salient dual-memory machine and a torque estimator is proposed to facilitate the DTC method. Both of the simulation results and the experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed design principles and the effectiveness of the control methods.
Eventually, this dual-memory machine is proposed as a pole-changing wind power generator and a pole-changing EV machine. Simulation and experimental results have verified the validity of the pole-changing scheme and the pole-protection scheme.published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hall, Joanne Elizabeth. "Combined pultrude fibre reinforced plastic reinforcement and permanent formwork for concrete members." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365306.
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Silva, Maria Catarina Coutinho Varela da. "Effect of surfactant on PDLC films with and without permanent memory effect." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10833.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaThe main goal of this work is to optimize the performance of the PDLC films with the introduction of an additive, in this case the triton X100. The polymer matrix of the PDLC is based on monomers, such as Tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with molecular weight of 875 which were thermal polymerized using α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Different aspects were investigated, such as the study of the dynamics of the transition ON/OFF state using a high-frequency alternate voltage and the attempt to minimize the liquid crystal anchorage force to the polymer matrix observed. The polymer morphology and the composites synthesized were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The PDLC films were also analyzed resorting to additional studies of differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy . Finally, the kinetic behavior of the PDLC films was studied. This part of the work was done with the goal to understand what was the impact of the increase amount of TX100 on the orientation and disorientation time of the LC molecules. Additionally, a fitting model was developed in order to describe the orientation and disorientation kinetic of the system. It was verified that the increase amount of TX100 modifies the initial anchorage force of the LC molecules to the polymeric matrix, decreasing it. This reflects on the increase of the permanent memory effect and decrease of the E90 of the PDLC films, verified also with the decrease of the average elastic constant, K, of the PDLC film. On this work, the best value for the permanent memory effect was 96% with an E90 of 2V/μm. However, this work also demonstrates that the kinetic of the system is independent of the amount of TX100, which means that the LC molecules orientate and disorientate at practically the same time with or without additive.
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Rukambe, Kujee. "United Nations Security Council and the veto power of the permanent members." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65718.
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LINA, PASCAL. "Arteriopathie des membres inferieurs : interet pronostique de la tc po2 au stade d'ischemie permanente chronique ; a propos de 83 cas." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM011.
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Kgokong, Arthur. "South African black artists : in the permanent collection of the Pretoria Art Museum (1964 –1994)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78619.
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The Pretoria Art Museum opened its doors to the public on May 20, 1964. At that time the Johannesburg Art Gallery had already been established in 1910 and the South African National Gallery in Cape Town in 1895. The realization of the Pretoria Art Museum was an accomplishment of the City’s clerk’s push for the city to have a museum of its own that would enable it to showcase works that the city owned which until then had been confined to its administrative offices and the City Hall. This nucleus collection which had been inaccessible to the general public, consisted of South African Old Masters and 17 Century Dutch art. On 15 April 1964, about a month before the museum opened officially to the public, the Selection Committee of the Board of Trustees of the Art Museum instituted by the City Council of Pretoria met to deliberate on how the collection of the museum was to be built in order to expand this nucleus collection further.The result was a series of eight resolutions that favoured the acquisition of South African Old Masters and The Hague School (19thcentury Netherlandish art). In the minutes of that meeting no mention was made of the acquisition of 20thcentury South African black artists. By 1994 about 2 404 units of artworks by white artists had been acquired in contrast to about 86 units of artworks by black artists. The eight resolutions tabulated by the board, can be taken as an informal policy thatthe museum adopted during the thirty-year period of its existence from 1964 to 1994 to acquire artworks. No formal acquisition policy existed as a part of the museum’s acquisition strategy during that three decade period. Fortunately, as the collection grew, there were deviations in the ‘acquisition strategy’ because works by black artists, though collected at a far lesser frequency than those by white artists, found their place in the collection. This research paper is a homage to the contributions of 20thcentury South African black artists’ contributions to the history of South African art.Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Historical and Heritage Studies
MSocSci
Unrestricted
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Brigido, Eveline Vieira. "O Brasil e a reforma do Conselho de Segurança da ONU : estratégias da diplomacia brasileira para a obtenção de um assento permanente." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22990.
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A presente tese trata do objetivo brasileiro de ocupar uma cadeira permanente no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas. Primeiramente, aborda-se o tema da reforma do Conselho sob uma perspectiva geral, apresentando-se uma retrospectiva histórica e explanando a composição e o método decisório desse Órgão. Na seqüência, parte-se para o debate sobre a reforma, enfatizando-se o posicionamento dos principais grupos de países. A partir daí, passa-se a analisar o tema sob a ótica dos interesses brasileiros, analisando-se a intenção em ocupar uma cadeira permanente quando da criação das Nações Unidas, assim como o posicionamento brasileiro sobre as atividades do Conselho e as perspectivas de reforma no período entre 1945 e 1992, ano este em que a Assembléia Geral passou a tratar oficialmente dessa questão. Uma vez que o tema passou a ser estudado pela Organização Internacional, a presente pesquisa analisa a candidatura brasileira a membro permanente nos governos Itamar Franco, Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a fim de se comparar como o tema da reforma foi abordado por cada um deles. Ao final, conclui-se que as políticas adotadas por esses governos foram diferentes. No governo Itamar, não obstante o curto período, percebe-se grande empenho quando do lançamento da candidatura brasileira. Por outro lado, Fernando Henrique, ao assumir a Presidência da República, deu continuidade às pretensões brasileiras, porém de forma mais tímida. O Presidente Lula, por sua vez, retomou a importância do tema, empenhando-se cada vez mais para alcançar esse objetivo. No entanto, também se pôde perceber que fatores externos influenciaram as políticas adotadas.This paper concerns about the Brazilian purpose to become a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations. First of all, it presents the issue about the reform of the Security Council, presenting an historical review and explaining its composition, functions and powers. Next, it deals with the discussion about the reform, emphasizing the opinion of the main group of States. From then on, it turns to analyze the subject matter on the Brazilian interest’s point of view, observing the intention to occupy a permanent seat by the time of the UN creation, as well as the Brazilian opinion about the Council activities and the possibility of a reform between 1945 e 1992, the year the General Assembly officially became concerned. Once the issue turned to be examined by this International Organization, this research analyses the Brazilian candidacy for a permanent seat during the governments of Itamar Franco, Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, in order to compare how the reform issue was deal by each one. At the end, it concludes that the policies they put in force were different one another. During Itamar’s period, despite its shortness, it shows great commitment to become a permanent member. On the other hand, when Fernando Henrique acceded the Presidency, he kept the same goals, but not that hard. The President Lula, in his turn, rescued the importance and focused that aim. Nevertheless external matters affected those policies.
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Sobotova, Alena. "« Breaking news » dans la relation de l'UE aux médias? Correspondants permanents des nouveaux Etats membres à Bruxelles (2004-2014)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258777.
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La thèse étudie les interactions entre les correspondants bruxellois et leur milieu de travail.Elle adopte une perspective centrée sur les acteurs. Comment l’arène bruxelloise structure et est structurée par les pratiques et représentations des correspondants issus des Etats ayant adhéré à l’Union depuis 2004 ?L’étude de cette partie du corps de presse permet de comprendre les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans la relation entre l’Union européenne et les médias.Les correspondants des nouveaux Etats membres proviennent des contextes socio-politiques et médiatiques marqués par le passé (post)communiste. Ils trouvent à Bruxelles un univers professionnel qui peut constituer à la fois un modèle de référence, mais aussi une source de déstabilisation. En même temps, ils peuvent contribuer à certains remaniements enclenchés par les élargissements. Deux larges hypothèses sont proposées. L’une conçoit les correspondants des nouveaux Etats membres comme des révélateurs des dynamiques propres au milieu bruxellois. L’autre les perçoit plutôt comme des sources de changement. Le corpus principal est constitué des entretiens semi-directifs avec les correspondants et d’autres acteurs de la sphère de communication bruxelloise. Des périodes d’observation complètent les entretiens. Ces données sont interprétées grâce à une analyse qualitative de contenu conjuguée à certaines techniques discursives. En ressort un constat d’une triple normalisation. La socialisation aux réalités de l’UE contribue à la banalisation de l’ordre politique européen. Le statut de membre de ces Etats est pris pour acquis. Enfin, on observe une routinisation du travail des correspondants issus des pays nouvellement entrés. Leurs spécificités réelles et imaginées perdent d’acuité.ENGLISH ABSTRACT :The thesis analyses the ways Brussels press corps interacts with its work environment. Our goal is to understand how Brussels ‘milieu’ structures and is structured by practices and representations of media correspondents from New Member States (from 2004 onwards). The political, social and media contexts of these countries are potentially marked by their (post)communist past. Coming to Brussels may provide an opportunity for these journalists to reassess their behavioral and cognitive schemes. Thus, looking at this specific part of the press corps enables us to grasp the dynamics of European socialization and the relationship between the European Union and the media. Along with correspondents’ adaptation, we are also interested in discovering any transformations caused or facilitated by the arrival of these new players to Brussels. Two large hypotheses are formulated. In the first one, New Member States’ correspondents adapt to the specificities of Brussels arena. The second one is depicting them as a source of change. Our main empirical corpus is composed of interviews with correspondents and other actors of the Brussels communication sphere. Interviews are complemented by periods of observation. The resulting data is interpreted using qualitative content analysis together with some discourse analysis techniques. Our results point to a triple normalization. Exposition to Brussels reality leads to a banalization of European political order, general acceptation of membership status of newly joined countries and a routinization of their correspondents’ practices. Both imagined and tangible specificities of New Member States’ correspondents have diminished. Those players are not perceived as significantly distinct from the rest of the press corps.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Staver, Cassidy Lynn. "Questioning Permanence: challenging the attachment of memory to built form within the ephemeral context." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277136289.
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Cornejo, Brandon John. "A single early life seizure permanently alters working memory, hippocampal plasticity and glutamate receptor localization /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmacology) -- University of Colorado, 2006.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-149). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Chowdhury, Afrida. "Do Small States Matter? : A comparative analysis of the discourses by three of the non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council on the crisis in Libya and Syria between 2011 and 2012." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317147.
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A new era of wars and instability have left the world shaken with the civil wars in Syria and Libya. Although there are many similarities with Syria and Libya, the two states did not have the same end due to actions by the United Nations Security Council. Libya resulted in a military humanitarian intervention, while Syria did not. Studies about the Security Council usually focuses on the actions of the Permanent Five members who holds institutional power and influence over the council, mostly due to their quantitative economic and military power, leaving smaller states, the non-permanent members out of research. The point of this study is to fill in the lacuna of the studies on the non-permanent members to see they behave in the council by how they problematize the crisis in Syria and Libya. This paper compares the discourses of Colombia, Portugal and South Africa, three of the non-permanent members of the Security Council between 2011-2012 in how they speak about the decision to intervene in Libya and not in Syria. To conduct my normative study I use Tal Dingott Alkopher’s study on Military Humanitarian Intervention Norms by analysing speeches found in UNSC meeting protocols that regarded Syria and Libya. I do this to find evidence for how these non-permanent members argue for or against norms of intervention. My results show that the non-permanent members are more aligned with intervention norms for Libya rather than Syria.
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Křesinová, Dominika. "Reforma Rady bezpečnosti OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206426.
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The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is obvious that the status quo from that year cannot reflect the needs of present world. Because of this fact it is necessary to approach a reform. But the question is what the reform should deal with. There are plenty of reforming efforts in discussion. These proposals do not take into consideration only the reform of the Security Council but also other bodies within United Nations. In my thesis I will focus only on reforming the Security Council as a main body of the whole organization that should be able to react on security threats flexibly. The feasibility of UN reform depends on the agreement of the permanent members that can due to their veto right block any of the proposals. And for the time being, they use their privilege to do so because they are afraid of limitations of their rights and position. We cannot come up only with a clear proposal how to reform but also it is necessary to focus on the proper arguments why the permanent members should agree with the reform. The main target of the following master thesis is to find out whether the reform is feasible based on accessible information with respect to hindrances and positions of permanent members that are currently more passive than active.
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Fontes, Patricio da Silva. "Arquivos judiciários: uma proposta de organização do acervo de caráter permanente." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/3995.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-01Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This research proposes a standardized organization for the permanent archive of the Judicial System in the state of Paraíba concerning to the First Jurisdiction. Our work has as justification the lack of standardization of the of the judicial system documental archive organization. This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research which uses documental and bibliographic research techniques, participative observation, interviews, questionnaires, and a diagnosis of the archive. The context of the research is the judicial archives of the first jurisdiction of the judicial system of the state of Paraíba. The work is a case study taken place at the forum in the district of Santa Rita. The characterization of the archives and the identification of the record type existing in the district shows the inexistence of a pattern in the archive organization, and the importance of the judicial archive as a primary source of research, considering that the judicial archive is a place of memories of the institution and of the state of Paraíba society with a relevant social function. The research result generates an organization propose to the judicial archive from Paraíba based on a Record Classification Plan and on a Classification Scheme, to be applied in the referred archives, as well as some technical recommendations for the judicial archive to meet satisfactorily its users needs.
Esta pesquisa propõe uma organização padronizada para o acervo de caráter permanente dos arquivos do Poder Judiciário estadual paraibano, na esfera da Primeira Instância, justificada pela ausência de padronização na organização do acervo documental dos referidos arquivos. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de cunho qualitativo. Utiliza-se das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observação participante, entrevistas, questionários e realização de um diagnóstico do arquivo. O universo da pesquisa corresponde aos arquivos judiciários, da Justiça estadual paraibana de primeira instância. O trabalho utiliza-se de um estudo de caso realizado no arquivo do Fórum da comarca de Santa Rita. Partindo-se da caracterização dos arquivos e da identificação das tipologias documentais ali existentes constata a inexistência de um padrão de organização do acervo, assim como a importância do arquivo judiciário como fonte primária de pesquisas, verificando-se que o arquivo judiciário é um lugar de memória tanto da instituição como da sociedade paraibana, com uma relevante função social. O resultado da pesquisa gera uma proposta de organização para o acervo dos arquivos judiciários paraibanos, substanciada numa proposta de Plano de Classificação Documental e num Quadro de Arranjo, a ser aplicado nos referidos arquivos, assim como em algumas recomendações técnicas, para que o arquivo judiciário atenda satisfatoriamente seus usuários.
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Vedralová, Zuzana. "People´s Republic of China at the United Nations-voting and how it corresponds to Chinese foreign policy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191951.
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This thesis focuses on the correlation of the UNSC voting behaviour of the People's Republic of China and its foreign policy. China's importance as a global power at the platform of the UN has been rising ever since 1971, the year of China's admittance as a new member of the UN and more importantly also the permanent member of the Security Council with the power of veto. Given that the veto power strongly influences the actions of the UNSC, its use has served as a major indicator of what issues are considered as most unfavourable and threatening to China's national interests and foreign policy goals. This thesis elaborates on the development of the foreign policy of China, which has changed significantly since the year of its acquired UN membership but has also kept many principles, present even before the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. By specifically concentrating on the individual cast vetoes, also considering the use of a so-called hidden veto and the reasons behind them being cast, this thesis tries to find out, how China has been using its veto power with regards to its declared foreign policy objectives within the UN Security Council.
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Bartels, Rusty. "Transient Bodies and the Whiteness of Memory: The “Nature” of Permanence in Big Sur, CA, 1862 - 1937." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1274413802.
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Zuedzang, Jean de Dieu. "Les membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité de l'organisation des Nations Unies et les opérations de maintien de la paix depuis la guerre froide." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMD010.
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Depuis, la fin de la guerre froide, les operations de maintien de la paix (omp) de l'onu sont marquees par leur evolution : - une evolution quantitative et qualitative. Sur le plan quantitatif, on a assiste a un accroissement considerable des omp : de 1988 a 1999, 36 omp ont ete creees contre 13 seulement de 1948 a 1988. Sur le plan qualitatif, les omp assurent de nouvelles taches : de missions d'interposition et de controle des cessez-le-feu, elles sont devenues des mecanismes de retablissement et de consolidation de la paix. C'est le passage du << peace keeping >> au << peace building >>. - outre cet aspect, les omp ont connu une evolution contrastee, oscillant entre le renouveau et la crise. Sur le fond, l'evolution des omp de l'onu est tributaire de l'attitude des membres permanents du conseil de securite. Ainsi, de 1988 a 1993, le renouveau des omp etait le corollaire de la politique d'engagement actif des cinq grands dans les affaires mondiales. La crise des omp intervenue en 1993 est le resultat du retrait tactique des grandes puissances des affaires internationales. Tous comptes bien faits, l'analyse de l'attitude des grandes puissances a l'egard des omp de l'onu montre qu'elles s'en servent a la fois comme mecanisme de gestion et de reglement des conflits, et comme puissant instrument de politique etrangere.
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Cetra, Filho José. "Uma odisséia de quase meio século pelo espaço teatral paulistano, através da memória de um espectador movido a paixão e em permanente processo de formação /." São Paulo : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86848.
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Orientador: Alexandre MateBanca: Flávio Desgranges
Banca: Carminda Mendes André
Resumo: Através da sua memória e de documentação existente, o autor traça uma trajetória de sua formação como espectador passando pelas diversas fontes que o alimentaram: o circo, o rádio, a música, os livros, o cinema, a televisão com ênfase no teatro, objeto da pesquisa. As livrarias, os cinemas, os teatros e a própria cidade de São Paulo são o pano de fundo para os espetáculos teatrais assistidos no período de 1964 a 2011. O autor faz um recorte, analisando mais detalhadamente os 27 espetáculos teatrais mais significativos de sua vida de espectador. Em tese, essa visão do espectador está isenta dos habituais didatismos de um professor, da alardeada neutralidade do crítico, do rigor analítico requerido aos historiadores e pesquisadores e permite transitar com a reação espontânea, a emoção, recordações que a memória guardou, acontecimentos curiosos ligados ao contexto da apresentação e tão importantes quanto aqueles ocorridos no palco. O estudo é completado com uma análise da presença/ausência do espectador na literatura teatral e com um levantamento das atividades da Casa do Espectador, entidade muito importante para o meio teatral paulistano, surgida em 1960 e desaparecida no início dos anos 1990
Abstract: The author relyes on his memory and on documents to outline the trajectory that lead to his education as a spectator going by the several sources that nourished him: the circus, the radio, the music, the books, the cinema, the television and mostly the theather, the very object of the research. The bookstores, the theathers and the city of São Paulo itself build the background for the plays seen from 1964 to 2011. The author analyzes in depht the 27 more signficant spectacles of his life as a spectator. In theory, the point of view of the spectator is free of the dictacticism of scholars as well as free of the often mentioned neutrality of the critics and the analytical rigor required from historioagraphers and researchers, and allows his spontaneous reaction on emotions, memories and curious events related to the spectacle itself, as important as the ones that took place on the stage. The study is completed with an analysis of the presence/absence of the spectator in the theatrical literature and the story of Casa do Espectador, a very relevant entity in the theatrical scene in São Paulo, founded in 1960 and closed in 1990
Mestre
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Cetra, Filho José [UNESP]. "Uma odisséia de quase meio século pelo espaço teatral paulistano, através da memória de um espectador movido a paixão e em permanente processo de formação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86848.
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Através da sua memória e de documentação existente, o autor traça uma trajetória de sua formação como espectador passando pelas diversas fontes que o alimentaram: o circo, o rádio, a música, os livros, o cinema, a televisão com ênfase no teatro, objeto da pesquisa. As livrarias, os cinemas, os teatros e a própria cidade de São Paulo são o pano de fundo para os espetáculos teatrais assistidos no período de 1964 a 2011. O autor faz um recorte, analisando mais detalhadamente os 27 espetáculos teatrais mais significativos de sua vida de espectador. Em tese, essa visão do espectador está isenta dos habituais didatismos de um professor, da alardeada neutralidade do crítico, do rigor analítico requerido aos historiadores e pesquisadores e permite transitar com a reação espontânea, a emoção, recordações que a memória guardou, acontecimentos curiosos ligados ao contexto da apresentação e tão importantes quanto aqueles ocorridos no palco. O estudo é completado com uma análise da presença/ausência do espectador na literatura teatral e com um levantamento das atividades da Casa do Espectador, entidade muito importante para o meio teatral paulistano, surgida em 1960 e desaparecida no início dos anos 1990
The author relyes on his memory and on documents to outline the trajectory that lead to his education as a spectator going by the several sources that nourished him: the circus, the radio, the music, the books, the cinema, the television and mostly the theather, the very object of the research. The bookstores, the theathers and the city of São Paulo itself build the background for the plays seen from 1964 to 2011. The author analyzes in depht the 27 more signficant spectacles of his life as a spectator. In theory, the point of view of the spectator is free of the dictacticism of scholars as well as free of the often mentioned neutrality of the critics and the analytical rigor required from historioagraphers and researchers, and allows his spontaneous reaction on emotions, memories and curious events related to the spectacle itself, as important as the ones that took place on the stage. The study is completed with an analysis of the presence/absence of the spectator in the theatrical literature and the story of Casa do Espectador, a very relevant entity in the theatrical scene in São Paulo, founded in 1960 and closed in 1990
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Al, Hadad Ibrahim. "Le droit international à l'épreuve des grandes puissances : légalité et illégalité des interventions militaires." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100042/document.
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La fin de la guerre froide, marquée par l'accord retrouvé des cinq grandes puissances membres permanents au Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU, au lieu de connaître un déclin dans les interventions militaires extérieures de celles-ci, a vu au contraire leur nombre se multiplier, ce qui portait atteinte à la règle générale, considérée comme une norme impérative (de jus cogens), celle de l'interdiction du recours à la force dans les relations internationales. Malgré les tentatives de justification des différentes interventions de grande envergure, menées au nom de la sécurité collective (interventions autorisées par le Conseil de sécurité) ou unilatéralement, celles-ci se sont écartées des prescriptions du droit international et de la Charte des Nations unies. En conséquence, elles s'avèrent à des degrés divers des actions entachées d'illégalité En effet, elles ont été fondées sur des interprétations extensives des dispositions de la Charte ou en violation de celles-ci, voire en violation des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité lui-même, ainsi qu'on peut le percevoir à travers les grandes interventions menées en Irak par les coalisés en 1991, celles de l'OTAN au Kosovo en 1999, des États-Unis en Afghanistan, à travers l'occupation américano-britannique de l'Irak en2003, l'intervention de la Russie en Géorgie (2008), de l'OTAN en Libye (2011) et celle de la France au Mali (2013). Cela n'a pas manqué de relancer le débat, récurrent dans les instances internationales concernées, sur la nécessité de réformer le Conseil de sécurité (élargissement de sa composition et règlementation du veto) ainsi que d'instituer un véritable contrôle de légalité sur ses actesThe end of the cold war, marked by the agreement between the five major permanent member states of the United Nations Security Council, instead of a decline in their external military interventions, has, on the contrary, increased in number, which detracted from the general rule, considered as an imperative norm Qus cogens), that of the prohibition of the use of force in international relations. Despite the attempts to justify the various large-scale interventions carried out in the name of collective security (interventions authorized by the Security Council) or unilaterally, they have departed from the requirements of international law and the United Nations Charter. As a result, they appear to be in varying degrees to illegal actions. Indeed, they have been based on extensive interpretations of the Charter or on the breach of it or even in violation of the resolutions of the Council Security itself, as can be seen from the major interventions carried out in IRAK by the allies in 1991, those of NATO in KOSOVO in 1999, the US in AFGHANISTAN, through the US and British occupation of IRAQ in 2003, the intervention of Russia in GEORGIA (2008), NATO in LIBYA (2011) and that of FRANCE in MALI (2013). This did not fail to revive the debate, recurrent in the international bodies concerned, on the need to reform the Security Council (enlargement of its composition and regulation of the veto) as well as to establish a real contrai of legality on its acts
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Pereira, Rosângela Santana. "Geofagia:corpos cerâmicos, corpos híbridos." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Artes Visuais da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9852.
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Esta é a dissertação que revela a investigação teórico-prática intitulada Geofagia:corpos cerâmicos, corpos híbridos, para conclusão de curso de mestrado. As reflexões sobre o tema em análise levam à compreensão das motivações e implicações presentes no processo de construção da obra, e da experimentação, em que foi utilizada uma técnica milenar tradicional, a cerâmica, que deu origem à cerâmica enquanto linguagem visual contemporânea híbrida. Durante o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, que teve o corpo como referência e a materialidade como tema, foram investigados outros materiais, além da argila, na construção de objeto, além de fotografia e instalação, dialogando com conceitos de registro,permanência/impermanêcia, memória, espaço e tempo. Tomando por base reflexões prático-teóricas, pretendeu-se realizar uma pesquisa que tivesse a obra como objeto de estudo, considerando o seu processo de instauração e a possibilidade de outros devires. No decorrer da construção dos objetos, instalações e esculturas, na qual a cerâmica foi utilizada como o principal meio de expressão com possibilidades híbridas, refletiu-se sobre aspectos contemporâneos da arte, identificados na pesquisa em questão, capazes de possibilitar a comunicação entre arte e outros conhecimentos afins, com a utilização de uma metodologia específica em artes visuais, a Poiética. Os autores eleitos para dar embasamento teórico à investigação foram Gaston Bachelard, Roland Barthes,Henri Bergson e Georges Didi-Huberman.
Salvador
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Guillot, Philippe. "Les membres permanents du Conseil de Sécurité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et les opérations de maintien de la paix (jusqu’à la disparition de l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques)." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUEL183.
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Le système de sécurité collective prévu par la charte des Nations Unies ne pouvant fonctionner du fait de la guerre froide, un substitut est trouvé : les opérations de maintien de la paix. Mécanisme régulateur de la guerre froide, ces opérations deviennent avec la fin de la rivalité est-ouest un outil au service d'un directoire émergent des membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité. En dehors du cadre onusien, les opérations de maintien de la paix tendent à éviter que le Conseil de sécurité ne s'immisce dans les conflits internes. D'abord prohibée par le Secrétaire général Hammarskjoeld, la participation des membres permanents aux opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies atteste du rôle croissant de ceux-ci dans l'ajustement des situations conflictuellesThe system of collective security laid down in the United Nations charter was precluded by the cold war. A substitute was found : peacekeeping operations. Cold war regulatory mechanism, these operations have become with the end of the east-west rivalry a tool for an emerging world directorate of the security council permanent members. Peacekeeping operations outside the United Nations framework tend to prevent the security council from interfering in internal conflicts. First prohibited by the Secretary-general Hammarskjoeld, permanent members' participation in United Nations Organization's peacekeeping operations underlines the permanent member's increasing role in the management of situations of conflict
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Linke, Thea. "Trophic interactions among abundant members of the fish fauna in a permanently-open and a seasonally-open estuary in South-western Australia." Thesis, Linke, Thea (2011) Trophic interactions among abundant members of the fish fauna in a permanently-open and a seasonally-open estuary in South-western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/12662/.
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Three complementary, quantitative approaches, i.e. gut content analyses, stable isotope analyses (δ15N; δ13C) and fatty acid composition, were employed to investigate the extent to which the diets of four abundant species of teleost occupying different feeding niches, i.e. Leptatherina wallacei (pelagic feeder), Acanthopagrus butcheri (bentho-pelagic feeder), Pseudogobius olorum and Favonigobius punctatus (benthic feeders) differed within and among species and within species on temporal and spatial scales in a permanently-open (the Swan-Canning estuary) and a seasonally-open estuary (Wilson Inlet) in south-western Australia. The stable isotope analyses and analyses of fatty acid composition were used to elucidate the origin of energy and the possible pathways of nutrient transfer from potential prey items to these four species of fish.
Multivariate methods (non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination and associated tests, such as PERMANOVA, ANOSIM and SIMPER) were used to detect any significant differences in the dietary and biochemical compositions of the fish. Stomach content data for each species demonstrated size-related changes in diet and that the dietary compositions of each species varied among estuaries. Each species was classed as opportunistic and omnivorous, consuming fauna as well as flora, but to differing extents. Leptatherina wallacei fed in the water column as well as on the benthos, while P. olorum almost exclusively consumed benthic prey.
The baseline δ15N values of primary producers were higher, in general, in the Swan-Canning estuary than in Wilson Inlet, and the δ15N values in the former system were also higher in each prey and fish species. This fact provided evidence to suggest that anthropogenically introduced nitrogen was present at the system level. The δ13C values showed a higher influence of terrestrially derived carbon and a lesser influence of marine derived carbon in the diet of each prey and fish species in the Swan-Canning estuary than in the aquatic macrophyte fuelled (Ruppia megacarpa) Wilson Inlet. The docosahexaenoic : eicosapentaenoic (DHA:EPA) fatty acid ratio was highest in the pelagic feeder (L. wallacei), lowest in the benthic feeder (P. olorum) and intermediate in the bentho-pelagic feeder (A. butcheri) in both the Upper Swan River and Wilson Inlet, and it was higher in pelagic (e.g. seston, calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, mysids) than in benthic (e.g. annelids, molluscs, harpacticoid copepods) prey in both estuaries, indicating that L. wallacei fed, to a certain extent, on pelagic prey, while P. olorum fed on benthic prey. Therefore, the DHA:EPA ratio may provide a useful indicator of the respective feeding niches occupied by estuarine fish species.
The findings from these studies suggest that (1) the food resources are partitioned within and among species and among estuaries, (2) both terrestrial and aquatic sources of organic material support food chains in two estuaries, (3) the DHA:EPA ratio can be a useful indicator of feeding mode and (4) the food resources and the pathways of material transfer from primary producers to consumers differ among these species.
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Carmo, Marta Regina Santos do. "Efeito do PPADS, antagonista do receptor P2, sobre a lesÃo cerebral, comportamento e memÃria de camundongos submetidos à isquemia cerebral focal permanente." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4924.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoApÃs isquemia cerebral, o Trifosfato de Adenosina (ATP) atinge altas concentraÃÃes no espaÃo extracelular e pode atuar como agente tÃxico, que causa degeneraÃÃo celular e morte, mediada atravÃs de receptores P2X e P2Y. No presente estudo, foram investigados os efeitos do PPADS, um antagonista nÃo-seletivo dos receptores P2, sobre o comportamento e dano neuronal apÃs isquemia induzida por oclusÃo permanente da artÃria cerebral mÃdia por eletrocoagulaÃÃo. Os animais receberam PPADS (0,1, 0,5 e 1,0 nmols/1μL) ou fluÃdo cerebroespinhal artificial (FCE) por injeÃÃo intracerebroventricular 10 min antes da isquemia. Os parÃmetros estudados foram funÃÃo sensÃrio-motora, aquisiÃÃo e retenÃÃo de memÃria, Ãrea de infarto cerebral e atividade da MPO, como marcador para infiltraÃÃo granulocÃtica. ApÃs isquemia, verificou-se atravÃs de avaliaÃÃo neurolÃgica, uma diminuiÃÃo significante do desempenho motor e funÃÃo sensorial dos animais. A percentagem da Ãrea de infarto nos animais falso-operados foi significantemente menor que naqueles submetidos à isquemia (FO: 0,89  0,18%; FO + PPADS 1,0: 1,18  0,1%; ISQ: 9,06  1,2%; ISQ + PPADS 0,5: 2,2  0,32%; ISQ + PPADS 1,0: 1,86  0, 18%). Foi observado ainda um aumento da atividade exploratÃria vertical (n de Rearings) nos animais tratados com PPADS quando comparados aos animais do grupo isquemiado (ISQ: 9,5  1,8; ISQ + PPADS 0,5: 26,9  2,9; ISQ + PPADS 1,0: 20,6  3,7; Kruskall-Wallis, p<0.05). O tratamento com PPADS melhorou de forma significante os dÃficits na memÃria operacional induzidos pela isquemia, avaliado no teste do Labirinto em Y (FO: 73,8  1,9%; ISQ: 56,7  2,9%; ISQ + PPADS 0,5: 76,7  3,2%; ISQ + PPADS 1,0: 72,6  4,0%). Um resultado semelhante foi observado na memÃria aversiva (teste da esquiva passiva) no qual o PPADS melhorou a aquisiÃÃo de memÃria de curta duraÃÃo. Os animais isquemiados demonstraram um aumento nos nÃveis de MPO no estriado (FO: 3,6  0,63; ISQ: 16,24  4,86) e cÃrtex temporal (FO: 6,16  1,23; ISQ: 22,33  4,98), e o tratamento com PPADS (1,0 nmols/1μL) reverteu significantemente esse efeito (ISQ + PPADS â estriado: 6,13  0,65; cÃrtex: 6,28  0,38). Os resultados demonstram o envolvimento dos receptores P2 na fisiopatologia da isquemia cerebral. A inibiÃÃo dos receptores P2 pelo PPADS mostrou um significante efeito neuroprotetor sobre o dano neuronal, comportamento motor e memÃria apÃs isquemia e indicam que este efeito pode estar relacionado pelo menos em parte a uma atividade antiinflamatÃria deste composto.
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Jacquelin, Mathias. "Memory-aware algorithms : from multicores to large scale platforms." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662525.
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This thesis focus on memory-aware algorithms tailored for hierarchical memory architectures, found for instance within multicore processors. We first study the matrix product on multicore architectures. We model such a processor, and derive lower bounds on the communication volume. We introduce three ad hoc algorithms, and experimentally assess their performance.We then target a more complex operation: the QR factorization of tall matrices. We revisit existing algorithms to better exploit the parallelism of multicore processors. We thus study the critical paths of many algorithms, prove some of them to be asymptotically optimal, and assess their performance.In the next study, we focus on scheduling streaming applications onto a heterogeneous multicore platform, the QS 22. We introduce a model of the platform and use steady-state scheduling techniques so as to maximize the throughput. We present a mixed integer programming approach that computes an optimal solution, and propose simpler heuristics. We then focus on minimizing the amount of required memory for tree-shaped workflows, and target a classical two-level memory system. I/O represent transfers from a memory to the other. We propose a new exact algorithm, and show that there exist trees where postorder traversals are arbitrarily bad. We then study the problem of minimizing the I/O volume for a given memory, show that it is NP-hard, and provide a set of heuristics.Finally, we compare archival policies for BLUE WATERS. We introduce two archival policies and adapt the well known RAIT strategy. We provide a model of the tape storage platform, and use it to assess the performance of the three policies through simulation.
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Crattelet, Jonathan. "Conception et réalisation d'un microsystème pour la mesure d'encrassement organique, minéral et biologique dans les procédés - : intégration des régimes thermiques périodiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0028.
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Dans les industries de procédés, les opérations de pompage et de transformation sont fondamentales et omniprésentes. Durant ces opérations unitaires (incluant des transferts de chaleur, de matière et de quantités de mouvement), les produits évoluent (réactions chimiques et biochimiques, croissances microbiennes, traitements thermiques, etc.) induisant dans de nombreux cas des phénomènes d'encrassement avec des cinétiques et des intensités variables. Les recherches issues de l’INRA ont conduit à la mise au point d’un capteur d’encrassement basé sur une analyse thermique différentielle et locale. Ce dernier permet le contrôle en continu et en ligne du niveau d’encrassement d’un équipement et a été protégé par brevet. L’entreprise Neosens a acquis une licence d’exploitation exclusive sur ce brevet afin de développer et commercialiser le produit dont les limites sont maintenant connues.Dans ce travail, nous visons à atteindre deux objectifs majeurs en vue de répondre aux nouvelles problématiques posées. Le premier doit permettre la mise au jour d’un capteur d’encrassement en utilisant les technologies microsystèmes. Le second vise la validation d’un nouveau mode de fonctionnement et d’une méthode pour le contrôle de l’encrassement. Ce travail s'appuie naturellement sur les travaux antérieurs et les principales phases de recherche ont porté sur la conception, la réalisation et l'intégration d'éléments sensibles sur les bases technologiques des microsystèmes, l'intégration des régimes thermiques permanent et périodique associés au traitement en ligne du signal et à la validation expérimentale aux échelles laboratoire, pilote et industrielles des géométries et configurations nouvelles.Les travaux de recherche ont permis de fiabiliser et d’améliorer considérablement les performances métrologiques. Le microsystème réalisé apparaît comme complémentaire du capteur existant en termes de limites de détection et de quantificationIn industrial processes including agro and bioprocess, fouling is considered to be a complex and misunderstood phenomenon. Unit operations (including heat, mass and momentum transfers) are carried out in continuous, batch or fed-batch processes. During these operations, the products may evolve (chemical and biochemical reactions, microorganisms growth and activity, etc.) and fouling may occur with a wide range of kinetics from minutes up to years and dimensions from micrometers up to centimeters. Research issued from INRA led to develop a fouling sensor based on local differential thermal analysis and to patent this system. The device enables on-line and continuous monitoring of fouling propensity. Neosens company acquired an exclusive licence and develop and commercialize the sensor whose operating limits are known. In this work, our scientific and technological objectives are to break new locks through: (i) the realization of a fouling sensor based on microsystems technologies, (ii) the investigation and validation of an alternative thermal working mode and a method for fouling monitoring. Based on the previous work, our research deals with conception, realisation and integration of components based on microsystems technologies, integration of permanent and periodic thermal regimes with on-line data treatment and experimental validation at laboratory, pilot-plant and industrial scales for new geometries and configurations.This work led to metrology improvement and reliability. The resulting microsensor seems to be a complement of previous sensor regarding detection and quantification limits
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Sharbin, Jude. "A Life in War and Peace : A structured focused comparison on the behaviors of the warring parties in the Kosovo conflict which are dependent on the veto of one or more of the permanent members in the UNSC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-430560.
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The aim of this research was to find out whether or not the use of the veto by one or more of the permanent members in the UNSC had an impact on the behaviors of the warring parties by looking at the interventions that would be imposed by the Council. Much of the research on this topic looks at what it takes for a conflict to get to the UNSC and what happens after sanctions are put into place, but what about if the resolution does not receive support and is not adopted? Two cases are looked at using the structured focused comparison method in relation to two conflict periods in the Kosovo conflict, before the veto (during-UNSC) and after the veto (post-UNSC) asking the question how can the use of the veto in the UNSC by one, or more, of the permanent members of the Security Council impact a conflict? The evidence collected shows that the hypothesis was not supported due to there not being a large change in the behavior of the warring parties from one conflict period to the next. The conclusion shows that the impact by the UNSC on the conflict was not severe.
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Bosshard, Tiffany Claire. "Cognition in black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi): A battery of behavioral tests." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171412.
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Cognition allows animals to acquire, process, and store sensory information from the environment and use it to adapt to their surroundings. A battery of behavioral tests was used to assess the cognitive abilities of black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Black and white cups were used to assess (1) object permanence by showing the animals under which cup the reward was placed, (2) associative learning by concealing where the reward was placed, and (3) long-term memory by repeating the second task after a 4-month break; petri dishes with varying amounts of food were used to assess (4) relative quantity discrimination; and boxes fitted with dotted cards were used to assess discrete number discrimination with (5) equallysized dots and (6) various-sized dots. For each task, one session comprised 10 trials (i.e. responses). All nine animals succeeded in all tests and, as a group, reached the learning criterion of 70% correct responses on session two in the object permanence and associative learning tasks; on session eleven in the quantity discrimination task; on session sixteen in the numerosity task with equally-sized dots; on session three in the numerosity task with various-sized dots; and averaged 84.4% correct responses in the long-term memory task. Their prompt high score in the numerosity task with various-sized dots suggests that the animals acknowledged the task for its numerical properties as opposed to the size or pattern of the dots. These cognitive abilities are thought to shape the necessary behaviors for the ecological and social needs of the species.
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Vargas, Lisandra Rosa de. "Seção de arquivo permanente do Arquivo Central da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul : diagnóstico sobre a preservação, a descrição e a difusão dos fundos UPA e URGS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171733.
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Este trabalho é um diagnóstico sobre a preservação, a descrição e a difusão dos Fundos Universidade de Porto Alegre (UPA) e Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (URGS), que estão sob custódia do Arquivo Central da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Os objetivos da pesquisa são: analisar, de forma comparativa, a gestão documental, as políticas arquivísticas e o tipo de tratamento dado à documentação de caráter permanente em três instituições federais de ensino superior: UNIRIO, UFJF e UFSM, com vista à obtenção de informações sobre suas experiências na implantação de seus arquivos permanentes e/ou históricos; realizar levantamento a respeito dos Fundos UPA e URGS; proceder a um diagnóstico desses fundos, visando a sua caracterização como patrimônio cultural do tipo documental da UFRGS; propor um plano de ação com sugestões para a conservação e preservação desses fundos e também para a constituição da Seção de Arquivo Permanente do Arquivo Central da UFRGS, a partir dos conhecimentos produzidos por meio do estudo realizado na UNIRIO, UFJF e UFSM. Quanto à metodologia, a pesquisa teve caráter exploratório e descritivo, e a abordagem utilizada foi a qualitativa. Trabalhou-se com pesquisa documental e de campo. A técnica de coleta de dados utilizada em campo foi a da entrevista semiestruturada com os Diretores do Arquivo Central da UNIRIO, da UFJF e do Arquivo Geral da UFSM. O diagnóstico apresentado propiciou descrever a situação em que se encontram os Fundos citados em relação às dimensões do acervo; às condições de infraestrutura e ambientais do local de seu armazenamento; e às suas condições de preservação e conservação. A partir dessa investigação, foi possível caracterizar esses Fundos como componentes do patrimônio documental da UFRGS e da sociedade sul-rio-grandense. Sugeriu-se a Norma Brasileira de Descrição Arquivística (NOBRADE) para o processo de descrição e o ICA-AtoM e/ou AtoM para a difusão e socialização do acervo. Constatou-se que a criação do Sistema de Arquivos da UFRGS foi uma ação que não se concretizou na implantação das políticas arquivísticas e de gestão documental no âmbito da universidade, assim como outras ações do passado; e que com a nova Direção da Divisão de Documentação houve uma retomada dessa questão, com o assessoramento às unidades universitárias na gestão de seus acervos documentais. Sugeriu-se a constituição da Seção de Arquivo Permanente do Arquivo Central da UFRGS, como forma de preservar o patrimônio documental da instituição, a partir da elaboração de uma Política de Preservação do 10 Patrimônio Documental. Salienta-se que a constituição da Seção já foi encaminhada ao Pró- Reitor de Planejamento e Administração, para ser enviado ao Conselho Universitário (CONSUN), por meio do Regulamento do Arquivo Central.This work is a diagnosis about preservation, description and diffusion of the University of Porto Alegre (UPA) and University of Rio Grande do Sul (URGS) Funds, which are in the custody of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). The objectives of the research are: to analyze, in a comparative way, the document management. archival policies and the type of treatment that is given to permanent documentation in three federal institutions of higher education: UNIRIO, UFJF and UFSM, with a view to obtaining information about their experiences in the implantation of their permanent and/or historical archives; carry out a survey on the UPA and URGS Funds; to carry out a diagnosis of these funds, aiming at their characterization as cultural heritage of the documentary type of UFRGS; propose a plan of action with suggestions for the conservation and preservation of these funds and also for the constitution of the Permanent Archive Section of the Central Archive of UFRGS, based on the knowledge produced through the study conducted at UNIRIO, UFJF and UFSM. As for the methodology, the research had an exploratory and descriptive character and the approach used was qualitative. We worked with documentary and field research. The technique of data collection used in the field was the semi-structured interview, with the Directors of the Central Archive of UNIRIO, UFJF and the General Archive of UFSM. The diagnosis presented was intended to describe the situation in which the Funds are concerned in relation to the size of the collection; the infrastructure and environmental conditions of the storage site; and their conditions of preservation and conservation. Based on this research, it was possible to characterize these Funds as components of the documentary heritage of UFRGS and of the society of Rio Grande do Sul. The Brazilian Standard for Archival Description – NOBRADE was suggested for the description process and the ICA-AtoM and/or AtoM for the diffusion and socialization of the collection. It was verified that the creation of the File System of UFRGS was an action that did not materialize in the implantation of the archival policies and document management in the scope of the university, as well as other actions of the past; and that with the new Direction of the Documentation Division there was a resumption of this question, with the advice to the university units in the management of their documentary collections. It was suggested the constitution of the Permanent Archive Section of the Central Archive of UFRGS, as a way of preserving the documentary heritage of the institution, based on the 12 elaboration of a Policy for Preservation of Documentary Heritage. It should be noted that the constitution of the Section has already been sent to the Pro-Rector of Planning and Administration, to be sent to the University Council (CONSUN), through the Central Archive Regulation.
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Kiefer, Marcelo. "Permanência, identidade e rearquitetura social : outro olhar para a preservação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/85196.
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Esta tese funde a princípios de preservação revisados a ideia de transformação social que possa se dar de forma legítima e sólida, tanto para moradores de habitações sociais ou em situação de rua como para toda a sociedade. É lançado outro olhar sobre a teoria e a prática do exercício intencional sobre as permanências e transformações; não aquele das cartas de conservação do patrimônio histórico – sob a égide do desenvolvimento patriarcal e do domínio mercantil –, mas um que se amplia até a área da rearquitetura social, o fazer arquitetura sobre a arquitetura social preexistente; nesse caso, contribuindo para as transformações de uma realidade homogeneizante, de segregação e subjugo. Um olhar que vê a preservação como algo natural, não imposto, característica de uma sociedade multicultural, com equilíbrio e justiça entre os homens e entre o sujeito e a coletividade, que parte do princípio de que a necessidade de pertencer e se individualizar é inerente a todos os sujeitos e que o preservar deve ajudar a manter a participação de todos no caráter da sociedade, representando as diversas identidades e suas expressões. Destaca-se, nesse processo, que a identidade da repetição e da diferença é aspecto fundamental para o preservar, e que essa ação se estabelece na interdependência da permanência com a transformação, dentro de uma lógica complexa e diversa de uma estrutura caleidoscópica multidirecional de relações humanas. Para essa construção são revisados e analisados conceitos como o de patrimônio, patrimônio histórico, monumento e monumento histórico, e trabalhado o mal do arquivo, da acumulação e do progresso, estabelecendo-se ainda uma aproximação às concepções da Nova Museologia. Essa obra, além do desenvolvimento teórico, se constrói na observação e reflexão de ambientes e eventos concretos, cotidianos, ilustrados por exemplos estudados e experienciados. Alguns desses exemplos já representam a contestação de um modelo que não atende as demandas sociais contemporâneas.This thesis merges to revised principles of preservation the idea of social transformation, which can take place in a legitimate and solid way, both for residents of public housing or for the homeless population and the whole society. We look at the theory and practice of intentional exercise on the permanencies and transformations from under a different perspective. Not the one of the letters of historical patrimony conservation, under the aegis of patriarchal development and mercantile area, but one that extends to the area of social rearchitecture; the making of architecture over the existing social architecture, in this case, contributing to transform a homogenizing reality of segregation and subjugation. Our perspective sees preservation as something natural, not forced, characteristic of a multicultural society, with balance and justice among men and between the subject and the community, and which assumes that the need to belong and to individualize is inherent to all subjects, and that preserving should help keep the participation of all in the character of society, representing the diverse identities and expressions. It is noteworthy, in this process, that the identity of repetition and difference is a fundamental aspect to preserve, and that this action is established in the interdependence of permanence and transformation, within a diverse and complex logical structure of multidirectional kaleidoscopic human relations. For this purpose the concepts of patrimony, historical patrimony, monuments and historic monument are reviewed and analyzed, and the evil file, of accumulation and progress, is addressed, establishing an approximation to the conceptions of New Museology. This work, in addition to the theoretical development, builds itself on the observation and reflection of environments and concrete everyday events, studied and illustrated by experienced examples. Some of these examples already represent a challenge to a model that does not meet the contemporary social demands.
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Diamond, Erika. "Held." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3371.
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My work is a symptom of my ongoing quest to achieve immortality. I perpetually attempt to make permanent the traces we leave behind and the impressions we make upon each other. I use the body to portray boundaries – between the skin and the heart, comfort and disquiet, holding and letting go. The objects I make serve both as an agent for physical contact and as the commemoration of an ephemeral interaction. I create personal fossils, revealing the interstices formed when two bodies come into contact with one another. I use materials that reference endurance and longevity to record transient spaces whose edges continuously shift and whose membranes are particularly tenuous. This work is an ongoing catalog of the people in my life and my persistent efforts to hold on to those fleeting connections.
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Saucedo, Lastra Fernando. "El País enemigo : México en la obra de Roberto Bolaño, 1980-2004." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94144.
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El país enemigo: México en la obra de Roberto Bolaño, 1980-2004 propone, en un primer momento, un análisis del papel central que juega México en la obra del autor chileno, Roberto Bolaño. La exploración de la obsesiva representación literaria del país hispanoamericano, su paisaje y sus habitantes en la narrativa de Bolaño revela una visión profundamente pesimista, distópica y con rasgos escatológico-apocalípticos, según la cual México es primordialmente o el espacio nostálgico de la juventud perdida o el territorio de la muerte, del crimen y del Mal. En un segundo momento, se argumenta que tales elecciones narrativas vinculan a Roberto Bolaño con una larga tradición discursiva de representación literaria de la realidad mexicana que se actualiza en la novela anglosajona del siglo XX, particularmente en la obra de tema mexicano de D.H. Lawrence. El estudio de ese vínculo permite afirmar que Roberto Bolaño no rebasa críticamente tal tradición discursiva; sino que la repite y reafirma, con consecuencias éticas y artísticas cuestionables.The Enemy Country: Mexico in Roberto Bolaño´s Work, 1980-2004 analyzes, firstly, the key role of Mexico in the work of the Chilean author, Roberto Bolaño. The study of the obsessive representation of the Hispano-American country, its landscape, and people in Bolaño´s literature reveals a pessimistic, dystopian and apocalyptical vision, in which Mexico becomes the nostalgic place of the lost youth or the territory of death, crime and Evil. Secondly, it is argued that such narrative choices link Bolaño´s work with an old discourse of literary representation of Mexico that the 20th English and American novel, particularly D.H. Lawrence´s Mexican work, exemplify and confirms. The consideration of this link ascertains the fact that Roberto Bolaño does not critically renew or surmount that old discourse of representation; rather he repeats and affirms it, not without ethical and artistic consequences.
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直, 瀬岡, and Nao Seoka. "国際連合における拒否権の意義と限界 : 成立からスエズ危機までの拒否権行使に関する批判的検討." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12576927/?lang=0, 2013. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12576927/?lang=0.
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Butters, Michelle. "Genocide Prevention through Changing the United Nations Security Council Power of Veto." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2386.
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In 1948 the international community in reaction to the horrors of the holocaust sought to eradicate genocide forever by creating the 'Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide'. This Convention criminalised the preparation and act of genocide by international law, making all individuals accountable irrelevant of status or sovereignty. But the Convention has not been enough to deter the act of genocide from occurring again, and again, and again. Worst, the international community has been slow to react to cases of genocide. The problem with preventing and punishing genocide is hindered by the power and right of veto held by permanent members of the UNSC. The UNSC has been given the responsibility to maintain international peace and security and is the only entity that can mandate an intervention that overrides the principle of non-intervention. The aim of this thesis is to show that the veto has been a crucial factor in stopping the prevention of genocide, thus it is imperative that the veto change. This study argues that to effectively prevent and punish genocide the veto needs to be barred from use in cases of genocide. It looks at different cases since the Armenian genocide during WWI through to the Darfur genocide which is still in process. The case of Armenia is significant because for the first time, members of the international community were prepared to hold leaders of another state accountable for their treatment of their own citizens. However the collective will to bring justice to those accountable waned coming to an abrupt end in 1923. The holocaust followed in WWII; six million Jews died, and numerous other groups were targeted under the Nazi's serial genocide. The shock of the holocaust led to the Genocide Convention. But thirty years later during the Cold War, Cambodia became embroiled in a genocide perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge. The international community silently stood by. The USSR, China, and the US all had their reasons to stay out of Cambodia, from supporting a regime with a likeminded political ideology to war weariness from Vietnam. In the 1990s, genocides in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Kosovo) followed. The former was neglected by the US's unwillingness to be involved in another peacekeeping disaster. The two genocides in the former Yugoslavia were affected by Russia and China's reluctance to use military force even after the clear failure of serial negotiations. Finally, in 2003 Darfur became the latest tragedy of genocide. Again, Russia and China have been timid of calling the conflict genocide thus avoiding any affirmative action to stop it. These cases all show that where one state is unwilling to be involved in stopping genocide, their right and power to the veto stops or delays the international community from preventing and punishing genocide, regardless of whether the veto is used or merely seen as a threat. Therefore, for future prevention of genocide, the veto needs to be changed to prevent its use in times of genocide.
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Laniepce, Alice. "Modifications du sommeil associées à la consommation chronique et excessive d'alcool : liens avec les altérations cérébrales structurales et les troubles cognitifs Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examinations of self‐reported sleep quality in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff's syndrome Sleep architecture and episodic memory performance in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff syndrome The effect of alcohol withdrawal severity on sleep, brain and cognition Dissociating thalamic alterations in alcohol use disorder defines specificity of Korsakoff's syndrome Cerebellar hypermetabolism in alcohol use disorder: compensatory mechanism or maladaptive plasticity ? Alcohol use disorder : permanent and transient effects on the brain and neuropsychological functions Effects of sleep and age on prospective memory consolidation Troubles cognitifs dans l'alcoolodépendance Repérage des troubles cognitifs liés à l’alcool." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC039.
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En amont du développement de complications neurologiques sévères telles que le syndrome de Korsakoff (SK), les patients présentant un Trouble de l’Usage d’Alcool (TUAL) présentent des altérations cérébrales et cognitives de nature et de sévérité variables, ainsi que des troubles du sommeil. Bien qu’il soit clairement établi que le sommeil contribue au fonctionnement cérébral et cognitif, son implication comme facteur explicatif des atteintes cérébrales et cognitives dans le TUAL reste peu documentée. L’objectif de cette thèse était de préciser les modifications (subjectives et objectives) du sommeil chez les patients TUAL et SK, et leurs liens avec la structure cérébrale et le fonctionnement cognitif. Nos résultats montrent que la plainte de sommeil doit être interprétée au regard de la sévérité des atteintes cérébrales et cognitives chez les patients TUAL et SK. De plus, nous montrons qu’une proportion élevée de patients présentent des apnées du sommeil. Chez les patients SK, une atteinte spécifique du sommeil paradoxal est observée, associée à la sévérité des difficultés mnésiques. Enfin, chez les patients TUAL, nous montrons le rôle particulier de la sévérité du syndrome de sevrage dans l’atteinte du sommeil lent profond, et son impact sur le fonctionnement cérébral et cognitif. Ainsi, il semble exister des similarités et des différences dans l’architecture du sommeil de ces deux formes cliniques (TUAL et SK). Ces modifications de sommeil dépendraient de la sévérité du sevrage et seraient impliquées dans la physiopathologie des atteintes structurales et cognitives liées à l’alcool. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’évaluer et de prendre charge à la fois le sevrage et les modifications du sommeil des patients TUAL afin d’améliorer le pronostic des patients à la sortie des services hospitaliersWell before the development of severe alcohol-related neurological complications such as Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) exhibit variable brain damage and cognitive deficits, as well as sleep disturbances. Although it is well established that sleep contributes to brain and cognitive functioning, its involvement in brain damage and cognitive deficits in AUD remains poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to investigate subjective and objective sleep quality in AUD and KS patients, and its relationships with brain structure and function. Our results show that sleep complaint must be interpreted with regard to the severity of brain alterations and cognitive impairments in AUD and KS patients. Moreover, we showed a high prevalence of sleep apnea in these patients. REM sleep abnormalities are specifically observed in KS patients and related to the severity of memory deficits. Regarding AUD patients, we highlight the contribution of the severity of withdrawal syndrome in slow wave sleep decrease, and its effects on brain and cognitive functioning. Hence, similarities and differences of sleep architecture have been found in the two clinical forms (AUD and KS). These sleep modifications could depend on the severity of alcohol withdrawal and be involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol-related structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. These results encourage evaluating and managing both alcohol withdrawal and sleep modifications to improve patients’ prognosis at discharge from Addiction department
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Santos, Rafaela Cunha de Barros da Silva. "Smart windows with permanent memory effect." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12186.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaIn this work PDLC films were made with liquid crystal E7 marketed by MERCK®. Two monomers and one oligomer were used, the monomer PE4A (Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate), the monomer TMT (Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) and the oligomer AP [Poly(propylene glycol) acrylate]. The PDLC's were obtained by PIPS method and produced by thermal polymerization using a polymerization initiator AIBN. A co-polymerization was studied using different proportions of PE4A and AP. Electro-optical studies were made in order to determine the permanent memory effect of the PDLCs. Best results are for PE4A/AP co-polymerization of 50/50 and 60% of liquid crystal which results in obtained 100% of permanent memory effect. Different techniques were carried out to characterize the PDLCs: Scanning Electron Microscopy in order to study the morphology of the polymer network, Polarized Light Microscopy which allowed to observe the distribution of the liquid crystal molecules in the polymer network before and after the application of an electric field and, with a temperature ramp at 1ºC/min, allows determine the clarification temperature of the PDLC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry to determine the Tg of monomers/oligomers and polymers, the nematic-isotropic temperature of the liquid crystal E7 and of the liquid crystal in the polymer network and viscosity measurements in order to understand if the viscosity can influence polymerization rate and the final matrix structure. Scale-up was development in self-made cells using conductive glasses with polyimide alignment layer. In order to erase the permanent memory effect obtained in the studied PDLCs, a device using Joule heating was tested.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - projeto PTDC/CTM-POL/122845/2010
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Mouquinho, Ana Isabel Machado. "New Polymeric films for Smart Windows with Permanent Memory Effect." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/84951.
Full textAbstract:
In the field of the liquid crystals in device applications, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) with permanent memory effect can become feasible in technological applications. Although studies of the liquid crystals in technological applications were extensively reviewed in the literature, not so much has been reported on the permanent memory effect (PME) in PDLCs. PDLCs can change transmittance from a totally opaque state to a totally transparent state during the application of an external electric field. Typically, the opaque appearance returns to the PDLC when the electric field is switched OFF. However, in this work PDLCs have been produced that use the electric field to create a highly transparent state but the transparent state remains even when the electric field is switched OFF giving rise to a permanent alignment state of LC molecules. This property is called a permanent memory effect (PME). For optimizing this effect a series of linear polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate and multi-arm polyethylene glycol with linear chains arms extending radially from a central core with reactive (meth)acrylate end groups were synthesized and characterized. The resulting pre-polymers and also some commercial ones were then tested in preparation of PDLCs.
The 70 % of PME and the reproducibility even after multiple repetitions of the heating and electric field cycles application make the poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate of molecular weight 875 g mol-1 the most appropriate pre-polymer in preparation of PDLCs with PME. This effect is also dependent on the thermal polymerization which produces a polymer ball morphology type in the polymer matrix. In addition, PME is also highly dependent on the alignment layer type coating the glass PDLC cell (homogeneous alignment).
With the high transparent state permanently displayed at room temperature through PME (70 %), an efficient procedure to allow the PDLC to acquire its opaque state has been achieved. A method of removing the PME has been outlined by Joule effect with the application of the electric current to the conductive layer (ITO) of the glass PDLC cell. This procedure makes the experimental setup to destroy the LC alignment structure simpler and more practical than by radiation heat.
Conventional PDLCs need continuity of energy supply for keeping the ON state, which can be a very limiting aspect for many applications. However, PDLCs with PME besides having lower power consumption can be used in digital memory devices based on write-read-erase cycles. For this, a prototype has been assembled as proof of the concept to be used in the digital process of recording information with the binary language.
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Qadri, Debbie Maree. "Inclusion, Emotion and Voice: Permanent Public Art made by Community Members." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38648/.
Full textAbstract:
Community participation is high on the agenda of all levels of government, but in ‘permanent public art’
commissioning, the community are rarely involved. This research explores the meaning of permanent
public artworks which have been made by community members. The research is important because
socially engaged art is increasingly being used in ephemeral public art practice and theorised in terms of
democratic and civic engagement. Although many permanent public artworks are made by community
members, this practice is rarely included in public art policy, literature and discourse.
The project uses the methodology of Portraiture, as developed by Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot, to study two
permanent public artworks made by community members and a self-portrait of the researcher’s own
practice of working in the field.
The research reveals a strong emotional context in the artworks, present in the reasons for initiating the
artwork and in the process of forming a community and working together to make it. The permanently
installed art object is the symbol of that process of coming together towards a common end as well as
being the protagonist of the process. Permanent public artwork also draws attention to our rights to
contribute to public space. The thesis is a reflection not only of the inclusive practices of permanent
public art made by community members, but also of inclusive research processes and outcomes.
To practice reciprocity and ethical community engagement, the thesis writing style is unconventional,
weaving in traditional and contemporary writing approaches, drawing, displays and websites to enable
greater ‘public’ access to the research outcomes.
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Saihi, Majouba. "Le contrôle du Conseil de sécurité en matière d'occupation impliquant ses membres permanents." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4051.
Full textAbstract:
Le Conseil de sécurité est l’organe principal du système onusien chargé du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. Face à une situation illégale, il ne peut donc l’ignorer et s’en désintéresser. Cependant, la perpétration d’un acte à la légalité controversée par l’un
ou plusieurs de ses membres permanents peut nous laisser entendre que l’organe politique onusien aura des difficultés à remplir son rôle. Les membres permanents vont tenter d’instrumentaliser le Conseil de sécurité afin de diminuer l’illégalité de la situation. Ceci pose avec acuité le problème du contrôle de son activité en matière de maintien de la paix. L’accomplissement d’un acte illégal par un ou plusieurs membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité nécessite alors de réfléchir à des moyens d’ordre juridique pour limiter son pouvoir. Cette réflexion s’avère particulièrement pressante lorsque le Conseil est confronté à une occupation de guerre impliquant ses membres permanents ou, lorsqu’il crée ou
autorise des opérations de paix de grandes envergures suite à un conflit armé impliquant ses membres permanents.
Afin de limiter les prérogatives du Conseil de sécurité, le régime juridique de l’occupation tel qu’énoncé par le Règlement de La Haye (IV) de 1907 et la IVe Convention de Genève de 1949 devrait être appliquer par l’organe politique onusien lorsqu’il intervient dans une situation d’occupation de guerre impliquant ses membres permanents. L’objectif est d’éviter qu’il n’attribue aux puissances occupantes des missions qui dépassent le cadre juridique imposé par le droit des conflits armés.
L’autorisation, par le Conseil de sécurité d’opérations de paix, telles qu’une administration civile transitoire ou une force multinationale avec un mandat de la paix avec recours à la force armée, suite à un conflit armé impliquant ses propres membres permanents, ouvre le
débat sur leur réglementation. Alors, il sera proposé une interprétation progressiste de la définition de l’occupation telle qu’énoncée par le Règlement de La Haye (IV) de 1907 et la IVe Convention de Genève de 1949 afin d’y intégrer ces nouvelles formes d’occupations pacifiques, présentant de grandes similitudes avec les occupations de guerre. Ainsi, le régime juridique de l’occupation pourra leur être appliqué.The Security Council is the primary body of the UN system responsible for peacekeeping and international security. In cases of violations of international law, the Security Council cannot turn a blind eye. Nevertheless, in cases when Security Council members are themselves perpetrators of international law violations one could conclude that this political body has difficulties in fulfilling its mandate. The danger exists that Security Council members in violation of international law will implicate the Security Council in justifying illegal decisions. This therefore raises the question of Security Council accountability. The violation of international law by a Security Council member therefore requires a legal mechanism to limit the powers of this body. This is particularly relevant for cases of occupation involving its permanent members, or, when the Security Council creates or authorizes large-scale peace-keeping operations following an armed conflict involving its own members. In order to limit the powers of the Security Council, this study proposes to impose a legal regime of administration as stipulated by the IV (1907) Hague and the 4th 1949 Geneva Convention, according to which the Security Council intervenes when a territory is administered by one of its permanent members. The goal is to avoid that the Security Council gives too much freedom to an administrative power during interventions which go beyond the legal framework defined by the law on administrated territories. The authorization by the Security Council of peace-keeping operations, such as transitional civil administration or multinational peace-keeping force mandated to use force, following an armed conflict involving its own members, opens the debate of their regulation. Consequently a progressive interpretation of occupation as defined by the IV (1907) Hague and the 4th 1949 Geneva Convention is proposed in order to encompass new forms of peaceful occupations which contain clear similarities with military occupations. Thus, they will fall under the legal mechanism of the latter.
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Semin, Vladimir, Jürgen Ulm, and Jan Wiedemann. "Memory Motoren mit eingespritzten kunststoffgebundenen Permanentmagneten." 2021. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A76005.
Full textAbstract:
In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der Formfreiheit von gespritzten kunststoffgebundenen Permanentmagneten (PM) auf die Parameter eines Memory Motors, einer neuartigen Motortopologie, die es ermöglicht den PM-Fluss mit kurzen Stromimpulsen zu regeln. Mithilfe numerischer FEM-Simulationen einer in der Literatur vorgeschlagenen Memory Motor Topologie wurde demonstriert, dass der Einsatz der Magnete mit komplexer Form eine Verringerung der Drehmomentwelligkeit ermöglicht.
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Liu, Yi-Hsien, and 劉宜憲. "Recovery of Neodymium from Waste Permanent Magnet by Support Liquid Membrane System and Develop High Quality Photocatalyst." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00500478746231323377.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
環境工程學系
105
Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element (REE) that is also found in waste permanent magnets (WPMs). Permanent magnets (PMs) play an important role in manufacturing products as their demand is crucial in emerging countries such as Taiwan. Removing these waste products as well as enhancing the quality is very important for the recovery of these rare earth metals.The aim of the study is to recover and recycle Neodymium from waste permanent magnets (WPMs) by using a supported liquid membrane with strip dispersion (SLMSD) module with hollow fiber membrane. Thereafter, Neodymium would be used to enhance a high-quality photocatalyst. Experimental results have shown that one gram of WPMs contained 450 mg of neodymium and 3M of H2SO4 can leach the maximum amount of neodymium ion in the powder and 3M of H2SO4 can leach the maximum amount of neodymium ion in the powder. The highest extraction efficiency of the pH feed phase (1.26 ~ 2.00), 0.6 mol/L of D2EHPA and as well as having the most effective solid-liquid ratio at 1:2. Nitric acid of 6M can strip all neodymium ions from the extractant with the O/A ratio 2:1. In addition, the operation of the hollow fiber SLMSD under this optimum condition showed a computable, the concentration of neodymium the strip solution was around 4120 mg/L while the initial concentration of neodymium in feed solution of 658 mg/L after a continuous extraction for 45min. Furthermore, the enhancement activity of a photocatalyst was obtained with a doping ratio at 0.5 wt% neodymium to remove 96% of RB5 under a fluorescent lamp. The best of calcination temperature was found to be 4000C for two hours. The fluorescent lamp has a relatively good catalytic efficiency and low power consumption. Thus, the SLMSD used in this study could recover the Neodymium from waste neodymium magnets effectively. And Neodymium used in the doping of titanium dioxide could be synthesized successfully and improved the shortcomings of titanium dioxide. Finally, the Neodymium doped titanium dioxide could present high catalytic activity under the visible light irradiation.
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Birdsell, Bauer Louise. "Permanently Precarious? Contingent Academic Faculty Members, Professional Identity and Institutional Change in Quebec Universities." Thesis, 2011. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/7285/1/BirdsellBauer_MA_S2011.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Universities across Canada are increasingly using contingent, or temporary instructors to teach undergraduate courses (Rajagopal 2002, Muzzin 2008, Lin 2006). Scholars have examined the marginalization of contingent academic faculty members in Canadian universities (Rajagopal 2002, Muzzin 2008). They have also critiqued the ways in which universities use contingent faculty to create surplus value and surplus labour (Rajagopal 2002, Bauder 2006), and support a “primary segment” (Bauder 2006) of the tenured and tenure-track professoriate. In this thesis, I examine the key issues faced by contingent academic faculty members, and how these issues impact on their professional identity. I also investigate into how the use of contingent faculty impacts on teaching practices in higher education. Through the analysis of Labour Force Survey data, I ascertain to what extent contingent academic labour has increased from 1998 to 2008, suggesting that full-time temporary labour is on the rise. I then analyze data gathered from twelve interviews with contingent academic faculty members at Quebec universities to explore how their working conditions and experiences have impacted on their professional identity and perceived quality of instruction. I suggest that professional identity among contingent faculty members is not as static as suggested by Rajagopal (2002) or Gappa and Leslie (1993) Using David Harvey’s (2005) concept of neoliberalism and Ulrich Beck’s (1992) concept of the flexibilization of labour under risk society, I situate the flexibilization of academic labour within the neoliberalization of the university, and also point to linkages between contingent academic labour and the commodification of higher education.
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Malta, José Francisco Rodrigues. "Joule-Heating Effect for Erasing Information in PDLCs Devices with Memory." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19336.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this work is trying to find the best way to erase written infor-mation in PDLC devices with memory by Joule-heating effect, and how this can be applied on a smart window system. Then, a mixture composed by 70% liquid crystal E7 by Merck and 30% oligomer PEGDMA875 was used in several cells with different properties.
First of all, DSC studies were done for E7, oligomer and mixture E7/oligomer to deter-mine their thermal properties. Then, six different cells with different alignment types were test-ed in an electro-optical (EO) study. It was verified that the Permanent Memory Effect (PME) is only present in cells which glasses have planar alignment.
AFM and SEM analysis were done on glasses to determine how the planar alignment can affect the mixture polymer/liquid crystal and thus the PDLC performance. On rubbed glass-es some stretch marks were detected where the mixture follows their preferred direction. For these cells, capacitance studies with temperature were done for three types of dielectrics inside: with no dielectric (empty), with liquid crystal, and with polymer. Afterwards, the same study was also done for cells with PDLC but this time with a transmittance measuring along the tem-perature. The capacitance and transmittance curves can give the information about the clarifica-tion temperature (Tc). This will be the temperature where the opaque-transparent transition can be observed. It was also verified that after EO study the capacitance values increases and when the written information is erased they return to previous values.
After known each Tc, the devices were heated by Joule-Heating Effect with different levels of current, measuring the capacitance variation. This study was done first for the cells before EO study (with no written information) to find which current intensities can reach the Tc and then for the cells after EO study (with written information). Only a group of current intensi-ties can completely erase the written information. This can be verified when, during heating, the Tc is reached, and if the capacitances values in the end of the heating are equal to values before EO study.
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Huang, Chun-Mei, and 黃春美. "A Study on the Relationships among Leadership Style, Personality Traits, Participation Attitude and Cohesion--An Example of Members of Female Permanent Wave Labor Union." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ueq78u.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南華大學
企業管理學系管理科學碩博士班
104
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among leadership style,personality traits, participation attitude, cohesion. In this study, data of member of female permanent wave labor union are collected by way of non-random sampling method to facilitate questionnaires, with a total of 250 questionnaires distributed. 232 questionnaires are received, in which 28 questionnaires are invalid such that 204 questionnaires are valid, and the effective response rate is 87.93%. The resulting conclusions of this study are listed as follows: 1.Leadership style has a significant positive impact on personality traits, participation attitude and cohesion respectively. 2.Participation attitude has a significant positive impact on participation attitude and cohesion respectively. 3.Participation attitude has a significant positive impact on cohesion. 4.Personality Traits preserves partial complete mediation effect between Leadership Style and Participation Attitude. 5.Personality Traits preserves partial complete mediation effect between Leadership Style and cohesion. 6.Participation attitude preserves partial complete mediation effect between Leadership Style and cohesion. 7.Participation attitude preserves partial complete mediation effect between personality traits and cohesion.
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Romanescu, Bogdan Florin. "Cost-effective Designs for Supporting Correct Execution and Scalable Performance in Many-core Processors." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2261.
Full textAbstract:
Many-core processors offer new levels of on-chip performance by capitalizing on the increasing rate of device integration. Harnessing the full performance potential of these processors requires that hardware designers not only exploit the advantages, but also consider the problems introduced by the new architectures. Such challenges arise from both the processor's increased structural complexity and the reliability issues of the silicon substrate. In this thesis, we address these challenges in a framework that targets correct execution and performance on three coordinates: 1) tolerating permanent faults, 2) facilitating static and dynamic verification through precise specifications, and 3) designing scalable coherence protocols.
First, we propose CCA, a new design paradigm for increasing the processor's lifetime performance in the presence of permanent faults in cores. CCA chips rely on a reconfiguration mechanism that allows cores to replace faulty components with fault-free structures borrowed from neighboring cores. In contrast with existing solutions for handling hard faults that simply shut down cores, CCA aims to maximize the utilization of defect-free resources and increase the availability of on-chip cores. We implement three-core and four-core CCA chips and demonstrate that they offer a cumulative lifetime performance improvement of up to 65% for industry-representative utilization periods. In addition, we show that CCA benefits systems that employ modular redundancy to guarantee correct execution by increasing their availability.
Second, we target the correctness of the address translation system. Current processors often exhibit design bugs in their translation systems, and we believe one cause for these faults is a lack of precise specifications describing the interactions between address translation and the rest of the memory system, especially memory consistency. We address this aspect by introducing a framework for specifying translation-aware consistency models. As part of this framework, we identify the critical role played by address translation in supporting correct memory consistency implementations. Consequently, we propose a set of invariants that characterizes address translation. Based on these invariants, we develop DVAT, a dynamic verification mechanism for address translation. We demonstrate that DVAT is efficient in detecting translation-related faults, including several that mimic design bugs reported in processor errata. By checking the correctness of the address translation system, DVAT supports dynamic verification of translation-aware memory consistency.
Finally, we address the scalability of translation coherence protocols. Current software-based solutions for maintaining translation coherence adversely impact performance and do not scale. We propose UNITD, a hardware coherence protocol that supports scalable performance and architectural decoupling. UNITD integrates translation coherence within the regular cache coherence protocol, such that TLBs participate in the cache coherence protocol similar to instruction or data caches. We evaluate snooping and directory UNITD coherence protocols on processors with up to 16 cores and demonstrate that UNITD reduces the performance penalty of translation coherence to almost zero.
Dissertation
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Paige, Tamsin Phillipa. "Petulant and contrary: approaches by the Permanent Five members of the Security Council to the concept of ‘Threat to the Peace’ under Article 39 of the UN Charter." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/114434.
Full textAbstract:
As both a political concept and a legal consequence, a determination that a ‘threat to the peace’ exists in a given situation has unparalleled ramifications—including enlivening the United Nations Security Council’s (UNSC) powers and authorities under Chapter VII, which can in turn provide a foundation for military intervention. But for all of its political context and content, the UNSC’s authority to make this threshold determination regarding the existence of a ‘threat to the peace’ is a legal obligation and does not receive a totally unfettered discretion. Such decisions must, among other requirements, at the very least remain within the limits of the Purposes and Principles of the Charter. Further, the ability to determine whether a ‘threat to the peace’ exists forms the normative cornerstone of the Security Council’s mandate to maintain international peace and security. Situations in which the Security Council has opted to determine that a ‘threat to the peace’ exists are wide-ranging, and have included human rights violations in South Africa during apartheid, refugee concerns, international armed conflict, terrorism, civil war and the defence of democracy.
Aside from Article 51 of the United Nations (UN) Charter, a UNSC authorisation under Articles 39‒42 in Chapter VII is the only exception to the prohibition of the use of force provided for in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. To authorise military intervention within a given situation, particularly when using its Article 42 authority, the Security Council must first determine whether that situation constitutes a ‘threat to the peace’ under Article 39 of the Charter. The Charter has long been interpreted as placing few restrictions around how the Security Council arrives at such determinations; indeed, the phrase ‘threat to the peace’ was left intentionally undefined during the drafting of the UN Charter. Commentators have thus hypothesised that the phrase ‘threat to the peace’ is undefinable in nature and that such decisions are fluid, arbitrary and lacking in consistency. This thesis tests this hypothesis by undertaking critical discourse analysis of the Permanent Five’s (P5) justificatory discourse surrounding individual decisions of this nature, and then performing a meta-synthesis of the case studies to demonstrate that each P5 member approaches the question in a very consistent manner, and that each member’s consistent approach shows that they all have a working legal definition of what the phrase ‘threat to the peace’ means in the context of Article 39 of the UN Charter. The flow-on effect of this is that a Security Council-wide definition of ‘threat to the peace’ exists in a middle ground of these five national understandings. This in turn allows for greater levels of predictability when trying to ascertain when the Security Council will choose to act.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Law School, 2018.