Journal articles: 'Membranes (Technology)'

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Abu-Zurayk, Rund, Nour Alnairat, Aya Khalaf, Abed Alqader Ibrahim, and Ghada Halaweh. "Cellulose Acetate Membranes: Fouling Types and Antifouling Strategies—A Brief Review." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020489.

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Cellulose acetate (CA) is a semisynthetic, biodegradable polymer. Due to its characteristics, CA has several applications, including water membranes, filament-forming matrices, biomedical nanocomposites, household tools, and photographic films. This review deals with topics related to the CA membranes, which are prepared using different techniques, such as the phase inversion technique. CA membranes are considered very important since they can be used as microfiltration membranes (MF), ultrafiltration membranes (UF), nanofiltration membranes (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and forward osmosis (FO) membranes. Membrane fouling results from the accumulation of materials that the membrane rejects on the surface or in the membrane’s pores, lowering the membrane’s flux and rejection rates. There are various forms of CA membrane fouling, for instance, organic, inorganic, particulate fouling, and biofouling. In this review, strategies used for CA membrane antifouling are discussed and summarized into four main techniques: feed solution pretreatment, cleaning of the membrane surface, membrane surface modification, which can be applied using either nanoparticles, polymer reactions, surface grafting, or surface topography, and surface coating.

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Alshahrani, Ahmed A., Abeer A. El-Habeeb, Arwa A. Almutairi, Dimah A. Almuaither, Sara A. Abudajeen, Hassan M. A. Hassan, and Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi. "Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Polyamide-Reduced Graphene Oxide as Selective Membranes for Water Purification." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010024.

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Amidst the ongoing advancements in membrane technology, a leading method has come to the forefront. Recent research has emphasized the substantial influence of surface attributes in augmenting the effectiveness of thin-film membranes in water treatments. These studies reveal how surface properties play a crucial role in optimizing the performance of these membranes, further establishing their prominence in the field of membrane technology. This recognition stems from the precise engineering of surfaces, ensuring they meet the demanding requirements of advanced separation processes. This study utilizes polyamide as a discerning layer, applied atop a polysulfone support sheet through interfacial polymerization (IP) for membrane fabrication. The amounts in the various membranes were created to vary. The membrane’s permeability to water with significant salt rejection was enhanced, which improved its effectiveness. The polyamide (PA) membrane comprising graphene oxide (rGO, 0.015%) had a water permeability of 48.90 L/m2 h at 22 bar, which was much higher than the mean permeability of polyamide membranes (25.0 L/m2 h at 22 bar). On the other hand, the PA–rGO/CHIT membranes exhibited the lowest water permeability due to their decreased surface roughness. However, the membranes’ effectiveness in rejecting salts ranged from 80% to 95% for PA–rGO and PA–rGO/CHIT membranes.

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Norfarhana, A. S., R. A. Ilyas, N. Ngadi, Shubham Sharma, Mohamed Mahmoud Sayed, A. S. El-Shafay, and A. H. Nordin. "Natural Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic ENR/PVC Composites as Potential Membrane Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122432.

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Membrane separation processes are prevalent in industrial wastewater treatment because they are more effective than conventional methods at addressing global water issues. Consequently, the ideal membranes with high mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, flux, permeability, porosity, and solute removal capacity must be prepared to aid in the separation process for wastewater treatment. Rubber-based membranes have shown the potential for high mechanical properties in water separation processes to date. In addition, the excellent sustainable practice of natural fibers has attracted great attention from industrial players and researchers for the exploitation of polymer composite membranes to improve the balance between the environment and social and economic concerns. The incorporation of natural fiber in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as filler and pore former agent enhances the mechanical properties, and high separation efficiency characteristics of membrane composites are discussed. Furthermore, recent advancements in the fabrication technique of porous membranes affected the membrane’s structure, and the performance of wastewater treatment applications is reviewed.

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Chen, Kaikai, Haoyang Ling, Hailiang Liu, Wei Zhao, and Changfa Xiao. "Design of Robust FEP Porous Ultrafiltration Membranes by Electrospinning-Sintered Technology." Polymers 14, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183802.

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Perfluoropolymer membranes are widely used because of their good environmental adaptability. Herein, the ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membranes were fabricated with electrospinning-sintered technology. The effects of PVA content and sintering temperature on the fabricated membranes’ morphologies and properties were investigated. The results indicate that a kind of dimensionally stable network structure was formed in the obtained ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membranes after sintering the nascent ultrafine fibrous FEP/PVA membranes. The optimal sintering conditions were obtained by comparing the membranes’ performance in terms of membrane morphology, hydrophobicity, mechanical strength, and porosity. When the sintering temperature was 300 °C for 10 min, the porosity, water contact angle, and liquid entry pressure of the membrane were 62.7%, 124.2° ± 2.1°, and 0.18 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membrane at the optimal sintering conditions was tested in vacuum membrane distillation with a permeate flux of 15.1 L·m−2·h−1 and a salt rejection of 97.99%. Consequently, the ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membrane might be applied in the seawater desalination field.

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Al-Naemi, Amer Naji, Mohammed Amer Abdul-Majeed, Mustafa H. Al-Furaiji, and Inmar N. Ghazi. "Fabrication and Characterization of Nanofibers Membranes using Electrospinning Technology for Oil Removal." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4.1338.

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Oily wastewater is one of the most challenging streams to deal with especially if the oil exists in emulsified form. In this study, electrospinning method was used to prepare nanofiberous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and study their performance in oil removal. Graphene particles were embedded in the electrospun PVDF membrane to enhance the efficiency of the membranes. The prepared membranes were characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to verify the graphene stabilization on the surface of the membrane homogeneously; while FTIR was used to detect the functional groups on the membrane surface. The membrane wettability was assessed by measuring the contact angle. The PVDF and PVDF / Graphene membranes efficiency was tested in separation of emulsified oil from aqueous solutions. The results showed that PVDF-Graphene nanofiber membrane exhibited better performance than the plain PVDF nanofiber membrane with average water flux of 210 and 180 L.m-2.h-1, respectively. Both membranes showed high oil rejection with more than 98%.

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Ji, Keyu, Chengkun Liu, Haijun He, Xue Mao, Liang Wei, Hao Wang, Mengdi Zhang, Yutong Shen, Runjun Sun, and Fenglei Zhou. "Research Progress of Water Treatment Technology Based on Nanofiber Membranes." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030741.

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In the field of water purification, membrane separation technology plays a significant role. Electrospinning has emerged as a primary method to produce nanofiber membranes due to its straightforward, low cost, functional diversity, and process controllability. It is possible to flexibly control the structural characteristics of electrospun nanofiber membranes as well as carry out various membrane material combinations to make full use of their various properties, including high porosity, high selectivity, and microporous permeability to obtain high-performance water treatment membranes. These water separation membranes can satisfy the fast and efficient purification requirements in different water purification applications due to their high filtration efficiency. The current research on water treatment membranes is still focused on creating high-permeability membranes with outstanding selectivity, remarkable antifouling performance, superior physical and chemical performance, and long-term stability. This paper reviewed the preparation methods and properties of electrospun nanofiber membranes for water treatment in various fields, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and other special applications. Lastly, various antifouling technologies and research progress of water treatment membranes were discussed, and the future development direction of electrospun nanofiber membranes for water treatment was also presented.

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Rajendran, Raj G. "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technology for Fuel Cells." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 8 (August 2005): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.165.

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AbstractThe concept of using an ion-exchange membrane as an electrolyte separator for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells was first reported by General Electric in 1955. However, a real breakthrough in PEM fuel cell technology occurred in the mid-1960s after DuPont introduced Nafion®, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane. Due to their inherent chemical, thermal, and oxidative stability, perfluorosulfonic acid membranes displaced unstable polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes.Today, Nafion® and other related perfluorosulfonic acid membranes are considered to be the state of the art for PEM fuel cell technology. Although perfluorosulfonic acid membrane structures are preferred today, structural improvements are still needed to accommodate the increasing demands of fuel cell systems for specific applications. Higher performance, lower cost, greater durability, better water management, the ability to perform at higher temperatures, and flexibility in operating with a wide range of fuels are some of the challenges that need to be overcome before widespread commercial adoption of the technology can be realized. The present article will highlight the membrane properties relevant to PEM fuel cell systems, the development history of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, and the current status of R&D activities in PEM technology.

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Galiano, Francesco, Roberto Castro-Muñoz, Raffaella Mancuso, Bartolo Gabriele, and Alberto Figoli. "Membrane Technology in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions." Catalysts 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9070614.

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In this review, the recent achievements on the use of membrane technologies in catalytic carbonylation reactions are described. The review starts with a general introduction on the use and function of membranes in assisting catalytic chemical reactions with a particular emphasis on the most widespread applications including esterification, oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. An independent paragraph will be then devoted to the state of the art of membranes in carbonylation reactions for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Finally, the application of a specific membrane process, such as pervaporation, for the separation/purification of products deriving from carbonylation reactions will be presented.

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Boyraz, Evren, Fatma Yalcinkaya, Jakub Hruza, and Jiri Maryska. "Surface-Modified Nanofibrous PVDF Membranes for Liquid Separation Technology." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172702.

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Preparing easily scaled up, cost-effective, and recyclable membranes for separation technology is challenging. In the present study, a unique and new type of modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous membrane was prepared for the separation of oil–water emulsions. Surface modification was done in two steps. In the first step, dehydrofluorination of PVDF membranes was done using an alkaline solution. After the first step, oil removal and permeability of the membranes were dramatically improved. In the second step, TiO2 nanoparticles were grafted onto the surface of the membranes. After adding TiO2 nanoparticles, membranes exhibited outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning performance. The as-prepared membranes can be of great use in new green separation technology and have great potential to deal with the separation of oil–water emulsions in the near future.

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Akbari, Ahmad, Vahid Reza Abbaspour, and Seyed Majid Mojallali Rostami. "Tabas coal preparation plant wastewater treatment with membrane technology." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.192.

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The goal of the present work is the Tabas coal preparation plant wastewater treatment using membrane technology. Polyacrylonitrile membrane was prepared through phase inversion method and then developed by annealing process. Also, high fouling resistance membranes were prepared by the embedding of TiO2 nanoparticles using self-assembling and blending methods. The effect of immersion time and TiO2 nanoparticles concentration was investigated using two techniques. The chemical structure, morphology, hydrophilicity, molecular weight cut-off and antifouling properties of membranes were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, polyethylene glycol tracers, and cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) filtration, respectively. The optimized self-assembled membrane was shown to have more than 31.2% higher water flux with the best antifouling properties. Improving hydrophilicity leads to excellent antifouling properties for composite membranes and illustrates a promising method for fabrication of high performance membrane for C-PAM separation.

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Kausar, Ayesha. "Sustainable membrane technology for water purification—Manufacturing, recycling and environmental impacts." Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 3, 2024): 5976. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5976.

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Water pollution has become a serious threat to our ecosystem. Water contamination due to human, commercial, and industrial activities has negatively affected the whole world. Owing to the global demanding challenges of water pollution treatments and achieving sustainability, membrane technology has gained increasing research attention. Although numerous membrane materials have focused, the sustainable water purification membranes are most effective for environmental needs. In this regard sustainable, green, and recyclable polymeric and nanocomposite membranes have been developed. Materials fulfilling sustainable environmental demands usually include wide-ranging polyesters, polyamides, polysulfones, and recyclable/biodegradable petroleum polymers plus non-toxic solvents. Consequently, water purification membranes for nanofiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and related filtration processes have been designed. Sustainable polymer membranes for water purification have been manufactured using facile techniques. The resulting membranes have been tested for desalination, dye removal, ion separation, and antibacterial processes for wastewater. Environmental sustainability studies have also pointed towards desired life cycle assessment results for these water purification membranes. Recycling of water treatment membranes have been performed by three major processes mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, or thermal recycling. Moreover, use of sustainable membranes has caused positive environmental impacts for safe waste water treatment. Importantly, worth of sustainable water purification membranes has been analyzed for the environmentally friendly water purification applications. There is vast scope of developing and investigating water purification membranes using countless sustainable polymers, materials, and nanomaterials. Hence, value of sustainable membranes has been analyzed to meet the global demands and challenges to attain future clean water and ecosystem.

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Chung, Tai-Shung. "A Review of Microporous Composite Polymeric Membrane Technology for Air-Separation." Engineering Plastics 4, no. 4 (January 1996): 147823919600400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919600400407.

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A detailed review of the fabrication technology of microporous composite polymeric membranes has been conducted. We believe that this type of membrane has greater potential than the traditional asymmetric-composite membranes to be used for the development of the third generation of gas-separation membranes. However, there are four major challenges when preparing a high-performance microporous composite membrane: namely, eliminating pore intrusion, reducing coating thickness, improving interfacial adhesion and enhancing separation performance. In this article, we review and identify those approaches that have overcome or can potentially overcome these difficulties.

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Chung, Tai-Shung. "A Review of Microporous Composite Polymeric Membrane Technology for Air-Separation." Polymers and Polymer Composites 4, no. 4 (May 1996): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119600400407.

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A detailed review of the fabrication technology of microporous composite polymeric membranes has been conducted. We believe that this type of membrane has greater potential than the traditional asymmetric-composite membranes to be used for the development of the third generation of gas-separation membranes. However, there are four major challenges when preparing a high-performance microporous composite membrane: namely, eliminating pore intrusion, reducing coating thickness, improving interfacial adhesion and enhancing separation performance. In this article, we review and identify those approaches that have overcome or can potentially overcome these difficulties.

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Mohshim, Dzeti Farhah, Hilmi bin Mukhtar, Zakaria Man, and Rizwan Nasir. "Latest Development on Membrane Fabrication for Natural Gas Purification: A Review." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/101746.

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In the last few decades, membrane technology has been a great attention for gas separation technology especially for natural gas sweetening. The intrinsic character of membranes makes them fit for process escalation, and this versatility could be the significant factor to induce membrane technology in most gas separation areas. Membranes were synthesized with various materials which depended on the applications. The fabrication of polymeric membrane was one of the fastest growing fields of membrane technology. However, polymeric membranes could not meet the separation performances required especially in high operating pressure due to deficiencies problem. The chemistry and structure of support materials like inorganic membranes were also one of the focus areas when inorganic membranes showed some positive results towards gas separation. However, the materials are somewhat lacking to meet the separation performance requirement. Mixed matrix membrane (MMM) which is comprising polymeric and inorganic membranes presents an interesting approach for enhancing the separation performance. Nevertheless, MMM is yet to be commercialized as the material combinations are still in the research stage. This paper highlights the potential promising areas of research in gas separation by taking into account the material selections and the addition of a third component for conventional MMM.

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Olbrechts, Benoit, Bertrand Rue, Thomas Pardoen, Denis Flandre, and Jean Pierre Raskin. "Routes towards Novel Active Pressure Sensors in SOI Technology." Advanced Materials Research 276 (July 2011): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.276.145.

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In this paper, novel pressure sensors approach is proposed and described. Active devices and oscillating circuits are directly integrated on very thin dielectric membranes as pressure transducers. Involved patterning of the membrane is supposed to cause a drop of mechanical robustness. Finite elements simulations are performed in order to better understand stress/strain distribution and as an attempt to explain the early burst of patterned membranes. Smart circuit designs are reported as solutions with high sensitivity and reduced footprint on membranes.

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Tholen, Jan, Bas Brand, and Eric van Schaick. "Membrane technology: Recovery of waste and water with membranes." Filtration & Separation 46, no. 2 (March 2009): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(09)70035-7.

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Sanmartino, J. A., M. Khayet, and M. C. García-Payo. "Reuse of discarded membrane distillation membranes in microfiltration technology." Journal of Membrane Science 539 (October 2017): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.003.

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Cadotte, J. "Nanofiltration membranes broaden the use of membrane separation technology." Desalination 70, no. 1 (1988): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(88)85006-9.

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Cadotte, J., R. Forester, M. Kim, R. Petersen, and T. Stocker. "Nanofiltration membranes broaden the use of membrane separation technology." Desalination 70, no. 1-3 (November 1988): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(88)85045-8.

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Rokhati, Nur, Titik Istirokhatun, Nur ‘Aini Hamada, and Dwi Titik Apriyanti. "Membrane Technology Application for Fractionation Process to Obtain High Quality Glucosamine." Reaktor 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.2.103-108.

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Glucosamine, monosaccharide from chitosan obtained from the chitin deacetylation process, has been used widely in various fields such as nutrition, pharmacy, and cosmetics. Glucosamine can be obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan. Enzymatic hydrolysis provides the advantage of mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and high yield. But until now, the separation of glucosamine from the chitosan hydrolysis fraction has been an obstacle. Ultrafiltration membranes offer an efficient filtration process because they do not require additional chemicals. The performance of ultrafiltration membranes was analyzed from the fractionation process of chitosan hydrolysis. The PES membranes in 10, 25, and 50 kDa were used to filter hydrolyzed Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC) in varied concentrations. The experiment was carried out in crossflow membrane module for flat sheet at room temperature in 1 bar. The permeate flux during filtration decreased rapidly at the initial and gradually over time because of fouling and concentration polarization. The more concentrated hydrolyzed LMWC solution resulted higher percentage of rejection up to almost 20% at the same membrane MWCO while higher MWCO resulted lower rejection percentage for the same hydrolyzed LMWC concentration. The FTIR spectrum of the used membranes of all types had absorption bands of glucosamine which proved that the fractionation process occurred. The time retention in HPLC chromatograms of glucosamine produced were similar with standard glucosamine. Thus, ultrafiltration could be applied for hydrolyzed LMWC fractionation process.Keywords: fractionation; glucosamine; LMWC; MWCO; ultrafiltration

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PONSANO, E. H. G., H. A. PIRES, D. L. OLIVEIRA, and A. F. GARCIA. "MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF FISH INDUSTRY EFFLUENT." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.508_periodico30_pgs_504_512.pdf.

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Membrane filtration emerges as an alternative for the treatment of fish processing effluent. The aim of this work was to verify the ability of membrane filtration on reducing the pollutant load of tilapia processing effluent. The filtrations were performed with 150, 30 and 10 kDa membranes. The physicochemical parameters of the effluent in natura and the permeates were compared among themselves and with the standards for launching foreseen in the Brazilian legislation to evaluate the possibility of direct disposal in water bodies. The three membranes had the same potential to remove total solids, nitrogen and nitrite from the effluent. Membranes 30 and 10 kDa caused similar effects on the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand and proteins. Oils and greases, pH and fixed solids did not change with the filtrations. All the membranes were effective in reducing the color of the effluent. The effluent in natura was already in agreement with the standards for discharge regarding to temperature, pH, total nitrogen and nitrite, and the use of the membranes allowed it to meet the standards for floating materials. The color and the content of oils and grease in permeates were above the levels allowed for the discharge in freshwater, so suggesting the use of an additional operation to comply with the legislation.

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Pandey, Gaurav, and Abhishek Gupta. "Biological Waste Gas Treatment using Membrane Based Technology." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 1 (2016): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411610.

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This article presents a literature review on developments of membrane reactors for biological waste gas treatment as well as examples of applications to different compounds. The use of membranes combines selective separation of compounds from a waste gas stream followed by biological removal. Gas transport phenomena and different types of membranes used in biological waste gas treatment are discussed. So far, membrane-based biological waste gas treatment has only been tested on laboratory scale. If the long-term stability of these reactors can be demonstrated, membrane bioreactor technology can be useful in the treatment of gas streams containing poorly water-soluble pollutants and highly chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are difficult to treat with conventional methods for biological waste gas treatment.

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Katibi, Kamil Kayode, Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor, Khairul Faezah Md Yunos, Juhana Jaafar, and Pau Loke Show. "Strategies to Enhance the Membrane-Based Processing Performance for Fruit Juice Production: A Review." Membranes 13, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070679.

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Fruit juice is an essential food product that has received significant acceptance among consumers. Harmonized concentration, preservation of nutritional constituents, and heat-responsive sensorial of fruit juices are demanding topics in food processing. Membrane separation is a promising technology to concentrate juice at minimal pressure and temperatures with excellent potential application in food industries from an economical, stable, and standard operation view. Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) have also interested fruit industries owing to the increasing demand for reduced pressure-driven membranes. UF and MF membranes are widely applied in concentrating, clarifying, and purifying various edible products. However, the rising challenge in membrane technology is the fouling propensity which undermines the membrane’s performance and lifespan. This review succinctly provides a clear and innovative view of the various controlling factors that could undermine the membrane performance during fruit juice clarification and concentration regarding its selectivity and permeance. In this article, various strategies for mitigating fouling anomalies during fruit juice processing using membranes, along with research opportunities, have been discussed. This concise review is anticipated to inspire a new research platform for developing an integrated approach for the next-generation membrane processes for efficient fruit juice clarification.

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Sari, Syifa Aulia Permata, Lesta Lesta, Syarmila Syarmila, Yunilita Hanum, Zulfa Mawaddah, Jurian Jurian, and Nurhadini Nurhadini. "Extra A Review of Nanofiltration Membrane Technology To Treat Water Problems." Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jstk.v4i2.2936.

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One of the most widely used membranes is the nanofiltration membrane, this membrane is formed from various nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, metal organic frameworks, and micro or organic nanoparticles. Membrane separation processes are used to concentrate or fractionate liquids to produce two liquids with different compositions. This makes the nanofiltration process an alternative compared to conventional processes. The potential of nanofiltration membranes can be used in textile industry wastewater treatment, tofu liquid waste, tofu liquid waste treatment, batik wastewater testing, and groundwater management as drinking water. In addition, nanofiltration membrane technology can be used as a separator for a substance in the air, such as removal of cypermethrin, arsenic cream, concentration of lactic acid bacteria as a tasty probiotic, removal of carbosulfan, Zr-Hf separation, and can see the characterization and performance evaluation of the antifouling properties of membranes. . Based on the process, the performance of a membrane is determined by two simple factors, namely flux (permeate flow rate) and membrane selectivity.

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Kommineni, S. N., J. Bryck, C. Stringer, C. Stevens, N. Meyers, B. Karnik, R. Hoffman, and L. Sullivan. "Evaluation of an emerging water treatment technology: ceramic membranes." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.175.

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Historically, low-pressure membranes (microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)) used in potable water treatment are made of polymers (polysulfone (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) etc). Recently, membranes made of ceramic materials (aluminium oxide) have been developed by MetaWater (Japan), Kubota (Japan) and others and is being marketed in the United States (US) by Krüger, Inc. (Cary, NC). Ceramic membranes offer several potential advantages over polymeric membranes, including higher mechanical robustness and ability to handle higher loading of particulates, higher resistance to oxidants and membrane cleaning chemicals, higher membrane integrity, longer service life and compact footprint. The authors conducted collaborative evaluations of this emerging technology at two different places; (i) Elm Fork Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Dallas Water Utilities (DWU), Dallas, Texas, USA and (ii) Graham Mesa WTP, City of Rifle, Rifle, Colorado, USA. The evaluations included pilot testing of ceramic membranes in direct filtration mode (i.e. without clarification) and with coagulant addition. The water streams that were pilot tested at Elm Fork WTP included Trinity River water, spent filter backwash wastewater and lagoon recycle water (spent filter backwash water combined with clarifier blow down water). The City of Rifle pilot testing was conducted on Colorado River water. This paper presents the key results of these two pilot studies. Results of pilot testing were used to define the potential membrane flux, backwash protocols (interval and duration), chemical enhanced backwash (CEB) and clean-in-place (CIP) protocols. Pilot test results and engineering judgment were used for developing concept-level sizing and outlining parameters for future evaluation. This paper will discuss the key technical and economic considerations of the emerging treatment technology and its potential applications for potable water treatment. This paper will be of interest to water providers that are considering alternatives to treat challenging source waters (waters with high particulates and under heavy microbial influence), build new compact water treatment plants, increase plant capacity through membrane retrofits and treat recycle streams at existing WTPs.

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Prihandana, Gunawan Setia, Sayed Sulthan Maulana, Rahmat Santoso Soedirdjo, Venni Tanujaya, Desak Made Adya Pramesti, Tutik Sriani, Mohd Fadzil Jamaludin, Farazila Yusof, and Muslim Mahardika. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyethersulfone/Activated Carbon Composite Membranes for Water Filtration." Membranes 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2023): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13120906.

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Ultrafiltration membrane technology holds promise for wastewater treatment, but its widespread application is hindered by fouling and flux reduction issues. One effective strategy for enhancing ultrafiltration membranes involves incorporating activated carbon powder. In this study, composite polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated to include activated carbon powder concentrations between 0 and 1.5 wt.%, with carbon size fixed at 200 mesh. The ultrafiltration membranes were evaluated in terms of membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, pure water flux, equilibrium water content, porosity, average pore size, protein separation, and E-coli bacteria removal. It was found that the addition of activated carbon to PES membranes resulted in improvements in some key properties. By incorporating activated carbon powder, the hydrophilicity of PES membranes was enhanced, lowering the contact angle from 60° to 47.3° for composite membranes (1.0 wt.% of activated carbon) compared to the pristine PES membrane. Water flux tests showed that the 1.0 wt.% composite membrane yielded the highest flux, with an improvement of nearly double the initial value at 2 bar, without compromising bovine serum albumin rejection or bacterial removal capabilities. This study also found that the inclusion of activated carbon had a minor impact on the membrane’s porosity and equilibrium water content. Overall, these insights will be beneficial in determining the optimal concentration of activated carbon powder for PES ultrafiltration membranes.

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Lejarazu-Larrañaga, Amaia, Junkal Landaburu-Aguirre, Jorge Senán-Salinas, Juan Manuel Ortiz, and Serena Molina. "Thin Film Composite Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane Technology towards a Circular Economy." Membranes 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090864.

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It is estimated that Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination will produce, by 2025, more than 2,000,000 end-of-life membranes annually worldwide. This review examines the implementation of circular economy principles in RO technology through a comprehensive analysis of the RO membrane life cycle (manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life management). Future RO design should incorporate a biobased composition (biopolymers, recycled materials, and green solvents), improve the durability of the membranes (fouling and chlorine resistance), and facilitate the recyclability of the modules. Moreover, proper membrane maintenance at the usage phase, attained through the implementation of feed pre-treatment, early fouling detection, and membrane cleaning methods can help extend the service time of RO elements. Currently, end-of-life membranes are dumped in landfills, which is contrary to the waste hierarchy. This review analyses up to now developed alternative valorisation routes of end-of-life RO membranes, including reuse, direct and indirect recycling, and energy recovery, placing a special focus on emerging indirect recycling strategies. Lastly, Life Cycle Assessment is presented as a holistic methodology to evaluate the environmental and economic burdens of membrane recycling strategies. According to the European Commission’s objectives set through the Green Deal, future perspectives indicate that end-of-life membrane valorisation strategies will keep gaining increasing interest in the upcoming years.

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Ramalho, Maria João, Stéphanie Andrade, Joana Angélica Loureiro, and Maria Carmo Pereira. "Interaction of Bortezomib with Cell Membranes Regulates Its Toxicity and Resistance to Therapy." Membranes 12, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090823.

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Bortezomib (BTZ) is a potent proteasome inhibitor currently being used to treat multiple myeloma. However, its high toxicity and resistance to therapy severely limit the treatment outcomes. Drug–membrane interactions have a crucial role in drugs’ behavior in vivo, affecting their bioavailability and pharmacological activity. Additionally, drugs’ toxicity often occurs due to their effects on the cell membranes. Therefore, studying BTZ’s interactions with cell membranes may explain the limitations of its therapy. Due to the cell membranes’ complexity, lipid vesicles were proposed here as biomembrane models, focusing on the membrane’s main constituents. Two models with distinct composition and complexity were used, one composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and the other containing DMPC, cholesterol (Chol), and sphingomyelin (SM). BTZ’s interactions with the models were evaluated regarding the drugs’ lipophilicity, preferential location, and effects on the membrane’s physical state. The studies were conducted at different pH values (7.4 and 6.5) to mimic the normal blood circulation and the intestinal environment, respectively. BTZ revealed a high affinity for the membranes, which proved to be dependent on the drug-ionization state and the membrane complexity. Furthermore, BTZ’s interactions with the cell membranes was proven to induce changes in the membrane fluidity. This may be associated with its resistance to therapy, since the activity of efflux transmembrane proteins is dependent on the membrane’s fluidity.

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Yanar, Numan, Moon Son, Hosik Park, and Heechul Choi. "Toward greener membranes with 3D printing technology." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 200027–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.027.

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3D printing has recently influenced membrane science. As a green alternative to current membrane fabrication methods, 3D printing prevents the mixing of highly toxic chemicals into water through its sustainable production. Furthermore, the risk of exposure to these toxic materials and of mechanical accidents during the fabrication is also attenuated. This type of in-situ fabrication eliminates logistic-based problems caused by transportation and packaging. Eliminating packaging and reducing transportation and precision-based waste also reduces CO2 emissions. The advantages of 3D-printed membranes are correlated with each other and promote a greener environment. In this article, we collect their contributions under the sub-titles of sustainability, risk reduction, cost-effectiveness, precision and mobility.

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Romero, Virginia, Lourdes Gelde, and Juana Benavente. "Electrochemical Characterization of Charged Membranes from Different Materials and Structures via Membrane Potential Analysis." Membranes 13, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080739.

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Electrochemical characterization of positively and negatively charged membranes is performed by analyzing membrane potential values on the basis of the Teorell–Meyer–Sievers (TMS) model. This analysis allows the separate estimation of Donnan (interfacial effects) and diffusion (differences in ions transport through the membrane) contributions, and it permits the evaluation of the membrane’s effective fixed charge concentration and the transport number of the ions in the membrane. Typical ion-exchange commercial membranes (AMX, Ionics or Nafion) are analyzed, though other experimental and commercial membranes, which are derived from different materials and have diverse structures (dense, swollen or nanoporous structures), are also considered. Moreover, for some membranes, changes associated with different modifications and other effects (concentration gradient or level, solution stirring, etc.) are also analyzed.

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K. Pabby, Anil, and Pallavi Mahajan-Tatpate. "Hollow Fiber Contactors with Improved Hydrophobicity for Acid Gas Removal: Progress and Recent Advances." Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 28, no. 2 (July 22, 2024): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v28n2.296.

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The gas–liquid membrane contactor technology, which integrates the absorption process with membranes, is a developing membrane technology that is especially pertinent to acid gas absorption. When it comes to removing acid gases from natural gas or after combustion, membrane technology has demonstrated potential as a substitute for conventional absorption columns. The membrane contactor offers exceptional operating flexibility and a high mass transfer area. In addition to summarizing the key elements of membrane materials, absorbents, and membrane contactor design, this paper presents the working principle and wetting mechanism of hollow membrane contactors and focuses the most recent advancements in membrane contactor research in gas separation from gas mixtures. The state-of-the-art overview of highly hydrophobic microporous membranes is presented after a discussion of the main challenges to the preparation of superhydrophobic membranes.

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Mohd Nasir, Atikah, Mohd Ridhwan Adam, and Siti Khadijah Hubadillah. "Grand Challenges in the Development of Adsorptive Membrane for Water and Wastewater Treatment." Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 27, no. 2 (July 24, 2023): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v27n2.270.

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Integrating nanotechnology and membrane technology has resulted in the development of adsorptive nanocomposite membranes with exceptional properties for various applications, including water reclamation. The application of adsorptive membranes in wastewater treatment is a promising technology that combines the advantages of adsorption and membrane filtration techniques. Literature reviews reported that various adsorptive membranes were successfully developed and efficiently removed emerging contaminants such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from water over the last decades. However, grand challenges in developing adsorptive membranes require more attention, such as aggregation and agglomeration of nanoadsorbents within membrane matrix, mechanical strength distortion, extreme water permeability, and alterations in surface charge. These challenges, as mentioned earlier, could deteriorate the performance of adsorptive membranes. Consequently, future research should focus on overcoming these challenges to employ adsorptive membranes to preserve the environment.

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Imtiaz, Aniqa, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Asim Jilani, Imran Ullah Khan, Roziana Kamaludin, Javed Iqbal, and Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi. "Challenges, Opportunities and Future Directions of Membrane Technology for Natural Gas Purification: A Critical Review." Membranes 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070646.

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Natural gas is an important and fast-growing energy resource in the world and its purification is important in order to reduce environmental hazards and to meet the required quality standards set down by notable pipeline transmission, as well as distribution companies. Therefore, membrane technology has received great attention as it is considered an attractive option for the purification of natural gas in order to remove impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) to meet the usage and transportation requirements. It is also recognized as an appealing alternative to other natural gas purification technologies such as adsorption and cryogenic processes due to its low cost, low energy requirement, easy membrane fabrication process and less requirement for supervision. During the past few decades, membrane-based gas separation technology employing hollow fibers (HF) has emerged as a leading technology and underwent rapid growth. Moreover, hollow fiber (HF) membranes have many advantages including high specific surface area, fewer requirements for maintenance and pre-treatment. However, applications of hollow fiber membranes are sometimes restricted by problems related to their low tensile strength as they are likely to get damaged in high-pressure applications. In this context, braid reinforced hollow fiber membranes offer a solution to this problem and can enhance the mechanical strength and lifespan of hollow fiber membranes. The present review includes a discussion about different materials used to fabricate gas separation membranes such as inorganic, organic and mixed matrix membranes (MMM). This review also includes a discussion about braid reinforced hollow fiber (BRHF) membranes and their ability to be used in natural gas purification as they can tackle high feed pressure and aggressive feeds without getting damaged or broken. A BRHF membrane possesses high tensile strength as compared to a self-supported membrane and if there is good interfacial bonding between the braid and the separation layer, high tensile strength, i.e., upto 170Mpa can be achieved, and due to these factors, it is expected that BRHF membranes could give promising results when used for the purification of natural gas.

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Drioli, Enrico. "Gas Separation Membranes: A Potential Dominant Technology." MEMBRANE 31, no. 2 (2006): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.31.95.

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Alterary, Seham S., Raya M. Alyabes, Ahmed A. Alshahrani, and Monirah A. Al-Alshaikh. "Unfunctionalized and Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyamide Nanocomposites as Selective-Layer Polysulfone Membranes." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081544.

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Nowadays, reverse osmosis is the most widely utilized strategy in membrane technology due to its continuous improvement. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the surface characteristics of support layers in thin-film membranes to improve their reverse osmosis performance. In this study, interfacial polymerization was used to generate the membranes by employing polyamide as a selective layer on top of the polysulfone supporting sheet. Different membranes, varying in terms of the concentrations of unfunctionalized and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as well as ethanol, have been fabricated. The efficiency of the membrane has been increased by increasing its permeability towards water with high salt rejection. Different characterization techniques were applied to examine all of the fabricated membranes. PA-EtOH 30% (v/v), as a selective layer on polysulfone sheets to enhance the membrane’s salt rejection, was shown to be the most efficient of the suggested membranes, improving the membrane’s salt rejection. The water permeability of the polyamide membrane with EtOH 30% (v/v) was 56.18 L/m2 h bar, which was more than twice the average permeability of the polyamide membrane (23.63 L/m2 h bar). The salt rejection was also improved (from 97.73% for NaCl to 99.29% and from 97.39% for MgSO4 to 99.62% in the same condition). The PA-MWCNTs 0.15% membrane, on the other hand, had a reduced surface roughness, higher hydrophobicity, and higher water contact angle readings, according to SEM. These characteristics led to the lowest salt rejection, resulting from the hydrophobic nature of MWCNTs.

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Gili, Bischoff, Simon, Schmidt, Kober, Görke, Bekheet, and Gurlo. "Ceria-Based Dual-Phase Membranes for High-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Separation: Effect of Iron Doping and Pore Generation with MgO Template." Membranes 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9090108.

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Dual-phase membranes for high-temperature carbon dioxide separation have emerged as promising technology to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions, especially as a pre- and post-combustion separation technique in coal burning power plants. To implement these membranes industrially, the carbon dioxide permeability must be improved. In this study, Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ (SDC) and Ce0.8Sm0.19Fe0.01O2−δ (FSDC) ceramic powders were used to form the skeleton in dual-phase membranes. The use of MgO as an environmentally friendly pore generator allows control over the membrane porosity and microstructure in order to compare the effect of the membrane’s ceramic phase. The ceramic powders and the resulting membranes were characterized using ICP-OES, HSM, gravimetric analysis, SEM/EDX, and XRD, and the carbon dioxide flux density was quantified using a high-temperature membrane permeation setup. The carbon dioxide permeability slightly increases with the addition of iron in the FSDC membranes compared to the SDC membranes mainly due to the reported scavenging effect of iron with the siliceous impurities, with an additional potential contribution of an increased crystallite size due to viscous flow sintering. The increased permeability of the FSDC system and the proper microstructure control by MgO can be further extended to optimize carbon dioxide permeability in this membrane system.

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Kolev, Spas D. "Revisiting Membranes—An Open Access Membrane Science and Technology Journal." Membranes 14, no. 4 (April 19, 2024): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14040093.

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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, Henita Saulia Utari, and Khabibi Khabibi. "Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Membrane Glucose for Selective Membrane Transport." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 26, no. 5 (July 17, 2023): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.26.5.178-186.

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Molecularly Imprinted Membrane (MIM) was synthesized using polyeugenoxy acetic acid as the functional polymer, polyethylene glycol as the crosslinker agent, and polysulfone as a base membrane which was applied as a selective glucose membrane transport, and the immersion time expected to determine the transport capability of the membrane. This study aimed to determine the selectivity and transport properties of the MIM and NIM membranes. NIM was used as a control for MIM to research the selectivity test. In comparison, MIM has a template, while NIM is without a template. In this study, eugenol derivatives were synthesized through a polymerization reaction using a BF3-diethylether catalyst polymerized for 16 hours to produce polyeugenoxy acetic acid (PA). The PA was contacted with 7500 ppm glucose. PA-glucose produced an imprinted membrane, while PA produced a non-imprinted membrane. The membrane thickness was measured with a micrometer, resulting in a measurement range of 0.08–0.10 mm. The best transport result was achieved at the membrane passage of 24 hours of immersion time because the effect of membrane immersion time can increase the porosity, hydrophilicity, and membrane’s transport ability. Transport with MIM membrane shows better and more selective results than NIM. This confirms the existence of a glucose template on the MIM membrane, which causes the MIM membrane to recognize glucose and transport glucose better than fructose. This study’s advantages include learning how immersion time affects membrane production and determining how well MIM and NIM membranes transport and select glucose and fructose. Furthermore, membrane characterizations were done using FTIR to identify functional groups, SEM-EDX to analyze the shape of the membrane, and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to analyze the membrane’s selectivity and transport capabilities.

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Wang, Kun, Feng Wang, Yu Hai Guo, Hong Yan Tang, and Hua Peng Zhang. "Regeneration of the Absorbent by the PTFE Hollow Fiber Membranes Using Vacuum Membrane Regeneration Technology." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.300.

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The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membranes were prepared through a cold pressing method including paste extruding, stretching and sintering in this study. Membrane vacuum regeneration technology (MVR) was developed as a novel regeneration technology for regeneration of the absorbent. The membrane structures of the PTFE hollow fiber membranes were investigated. The mixture of N-methyldiethanolamine and piperazine was selected as the absorbent. The PTFE hollow fiber membranes were used for regeneration through vacuum membrane regeneration technology. The CO2 regeneration flux and regeneration ratio increased with the increase of the regeneration temperature and the CO2 loading. The regeneration pressure was negative to the regeneration flux and regeneration ratio. When the flow rate of the rich solution increased, the regeneration ratio decreased and CO2 regeneration flux increased significantly.

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Mueller, Uwe, Gerhard Biwer, and Guenther Baldauf. "Ceramic membranes for water treatment." Water Supply 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.536.

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Ceramic membranes, different in pore size and membrane material, were applied to remove particulate and dissolved matter from different spent filter backwash water types as well as from dam water. The study was conducted in pilot scale under conditions typical for waterworks at a dam water treatment plant. A comparison of different ceramic membranes implied that total membrane resistance was more influenced by feed water type and by operation than by membrane type for the waters tested. Nevertheless, ceramic membranes seem to accumulate during operation less organic foulants especially polysaccharides compared to organic membranes leading to lower total membrane resistances for ceramic membranes during filtration process. Ceramic membranes may be considered to be applicable to treat spent filter backwash water as well as source water in public water supply.

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Lv, Yue Xia, Gui Huan Yan, Chong Qing Xu, Min Xu, and Liang Sun. "Review on Membrane Technologies for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Plant Flue Gas." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1140.

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Membrane technology is a promising alternative to conventional technologies for the mitigation of CO2from power plant flue gas due to its engineering and economic advantages. In this paper, CO2post combustion capture by gas separation membranes and gas absorption membranes was extensively summarized and reviewed. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of the technology, current status and future research direction of membrane technology for CO2capture from power plant flue gas were briefly prospected and discussed.

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Khanzada, Noman Khalid, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Muzamil Khatri, Farah Ejaz Ahmed, Yazan Ibrahim, and Nidal Hilal. "Sustainability in Membrane Technology: Membrane Recycling and Fabrication Using Recycled Waste." Membranes 14, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14020052.

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Membrane technology has shown a promising role in combating water scarcity, a globally faced challenge. However, the disposal of end-of-life membrane modules is problematic as the current practices include incineration and landfills as their final fate. In addition, the increase in population and lifestyle advancement have significantly enhanced waste generation, thus overwhelming landfills and exacerbating environmental repercussions and resource scarcity. These practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable. Recycling membranes and utilizing recycled material for their manufacturing is seen as a potential approach to address the aforementioned challenges. Depending on physiochemical conditions, the end-of-life membrane could be reutilized for similar, upgraded, and downgraded operations, thus extending the membrane lifespan while mitigating the environmental impact that occurred due to their disposal and new membrane preparation for similar purposes. Likewise, using recycled waste such as polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, tire rubber, keratin, and cellulose and their derivates for fabricating the membranes can significantly enhance environmental sustainability. This study advocates for and supports the integration of sustainability concepts into membrane technology by presenting the research carried out in this area and rigorously assessing the achieved progress. The membranes’ recycling and their fabrication utilizing recycled waste materials are of special interest in this work. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for future research endeavors aimed at promoting environmental sustainability.

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Akhmadiev, G. M. "Additive technology for filter membranes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 570 (August 15, 2019): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/570/1/012003.

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Chuanwen, Sun, Wang Haiqiao, Yu Qi, Chen Shiqiang, Li Xun, and Wu Hanyang. "Experimental study of the flux Law of flat ceramic membranes under different pressures." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.028.

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Abstract The flux performance of ceramic membranes is the basis for their efficient use. To study ceramic membrane flux variation, different filtration operating conditions were tested and the functional relationship between the membrane's clean water flux and the operating pressure within a given range obtained. The membrane's critical pressure and flux were determined by using pressure increments, and the flux variation law under different pressures determined experimentally. Analysis of the flux law and the membrane parameters enabled establishment of the flux model of filtration process and a model of flux stabilization after the deposition layer formed. The applicability of the model was proved by comparing and verifying the experimental data.

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Hélix-Nielsen, Claus. "Biomimetic Membranes as a Technology Platform: Challenges and Opportunities." Membranes 8, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8030044.

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Biomimetic membranes are attracting increased attention due to the huge potential of using biological functional components and processes as an inspirational basis for technology development. Indeed, this has led to several new membrane designs and applications. However, there are still a number of issues which need attention. Here, I will discuss three examples of biomimetic membrane developments within the areas of water treatment, energy conversion, and biomedicine with a focus on challenges and applicability. While the water treatment area has witnessed some progress in developing biomimetic membranes of which some are now commercially available, other areas are still far from being translated into technology. For energy conversion, there has been much focus on using bacteriorhodopsin proteins, but energy densities have so far not reached sufficient levels to be competitive with state-of-the-art photovoltaic cells. For biomedical (e.g., drug delivery) applications the research focus has been on the mechanism of action, and much less on the delivery ‘per se’. Thus, in order for these areas to move forward, we need to address some hard questions: is bacteriorhodopsin really the optimal light harvester to be used in energy conversion? And how do we ensure that biomedical nano-carriers covered with biomimetic membrane material ever reach their target cells/tissue in sufficient quantities? In addition to these area-specific questions the general issue of production cost and scalability must also be treated in order to ensure efficient translation of biomimetic membrane concepts into reality.

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Wang, Ling, Xue Feng Xiong, Zheng Fan, Guo Liang Zhang, and Zhi Yang Wang. "Advanced Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater by Nanofiltration Membrane Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.318.

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The nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology presented in this paper were used to treat the industrial electroplating effluent for reutilization, which contained hazardous heavy metal ions such as chromium and zinc. Two different kinds of nanofiltration membranes were applied in pilot scale installation following the conventional wastewater treatment system. The effects of different operating parameters on their separation performance were investigated in detail. Results showed that both two NF membranes held large permeate flux under relatively low operating pressures. The rejection rates of the monovalent ions were less than 50%, while for divalent ions they were more than 90%, including SO42-, Ca2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+. Higher permeate flux, lower operating pressure and distinguished ion selectivity of nanofiltration membranes exhibited a big potential for industrial application concerning the investment and operation cost .

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Nada, Hironori, Masakazu Kudo, Junichi Takahashi, Toshiharu Yamamoto, Hideyuki Hara, and Kazuyuki Shizawa. "Development of Simulation Technology for Production of Porous Polymeric Membranes." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.261.

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Porous polymeric membranes are used for ion exchange membranes, membrane filter and separators of batteries owing to its micro-porous structure. Extension method is one of the inexpensive processes of such membrane. However, any suitable stability condition of the process has not yet been clarified. In this study, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) observations in production process are carried out and the simulation technology for production is developed for improvement in productivity. In this simulation model, the evolution equation of microscopic damage, constitutive equation depending on microscopic damage and the homogenization method are used for representation of evolution of micro-porous structure of crystalline polymer. It is indicated that numerical results obtained here are in good agreement with the SEM observations.

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Świerczek, Konrad, Hailei Zhao, Zijia Zhang, and Zhihong Du. "MIEC-type ceramic membranes for the oxygen separation technology." E3S Web of Conferences 108 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910801021.

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Mixed ionic-electronic conducting ceramic membrane-based oxygen separation technology attracts great attention as a promising alternative for oxygen production. The oxygen-transport membranes should not only exhibit a high oxygen flux but also show good stability under CO2-containing atmospheres. Therefore, designing and optimization, as well as practical application of membrane materials with good CO2 stability is a challenge. In this work, apart from discussion of literature data, authors’ own results are provided, which are focused on materia - related issues, including development of electrode materials exhibiting high ionic and electronic conductivities.

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Kartohardjono, Sutrasno, Ghofira Muna Khansa Salsabila, Azzahra Ramadhani, Irfan Purnawan, and Woei Jye Lau. "Preparation of PVDF-PVP Composite Membranes for Oily Wastewater Treatment." Membranes 13, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060611.

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The oil and gas industry and related applications generate large quantities of oily wastewater, which can adversely affect the environment and human health if not properly handled. This study aims to prepare polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) additives and utilize them to treat oily wastewater through the ultrafiltration (UF) process. Flat sheet membranes were prepared using PVDF dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide, followed by the addition of PVP ranging from 0.5 to 35 g. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical strength tests were performed on the flat PVDF/PVP membranes to understand and compare the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the membranes. Prior to the UF process, oily wastewater was treated by a coagulation–flocculation process through a jar tester using polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant. Based on the characterization of the membrane, the addition of PVP improves the physical and chemical properties of the membrane. The membrane’s pore size becomes larger, which can increase its permeability and flux. In general, the addition of PVP to the PVDF membrane can increase the porosity and decrease the water contact angle, thereby increasing the membrane’s hydrophilicity. With respect to filtration performance, the wastewater flux of the resultant membrane increases with increasing PVP content, but the rejections for TSS, turbidity, TDS, and COD are reduced.

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Yaghoubi, Sina, Aziz Babapoor, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Ahmad Gholami, Chin Wei Lai, and Wei-Hung Chiang. "Recent Advances in Plasmonic Chemically Modified Bioactive Membrane Applications for the Removal of Water Pollution." Water 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223616.

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Population growth has reduced the available freshwater resources and increased water pollution, leading to a severe global freshwater crisis. The decontamination and reuse of wastewater is often proposed as a solution for water scarcity worldwide. Membrane technology is a promising solution to the problems currently facing the water and wastewater treatment industry. However, another problem is the high energy costs required to operate systems which use membranes for water treatment. In addition, membranes need to be replaced frequently due to fouling and biofouling, which negatively affect water flow through the membranes. To address these problems, the researchers proposed membrane modification as a solution. One of the exciting applications of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is that they can be used to modify the surface of membranes to yield various properties. Positive feedback was reported on plasmonic-modified membranes as means of wastewater treatment. However, a fundamental gap exists in studies of plasmonic membranes’ performance and applications. Given the importance of membrane technology for water and wastewater treatment, this paper reviews recent advances in the development of plasmonic chemically modified bioactive membranes and provides a perspective for future researchers interested in investigating modified membranes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Membranes (Technology)'

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