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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Membranes (Technology)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Membranes (Technology)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Membranes (Technology)"

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Abu-Zurayk, Rund, Nour Alnairat, Aya Khalaf, Abed Alqader Ibrahim, and Ghada Halaweh. "Cellulose Acetate Membranes: Fouling Types and Antifouling Strategies—A Brief Review." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020489.

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Cellulose acetate (CA) is a semisynthetic, biodegradable polymer. Due to its characteristics, CA has several applications, including water membranes, filament-forming matrices, biomedical nanocomposites, household tools, and photographic films. This review deals with topics related to the CA membranes, which are prepared using different techniques, such as the phase inversion technique. CA membranes are considered very important since they can be used as microfiltration membranes (MF), ultrafiltration membranes (UF), nanofiltration membranes (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and forward osmosis (FO) membranes. Membrane fouling results from the accumulation of materials that the membrane rejects on the surface or in the membrane’s pores, lowering the membrane’s flux and rejection rates. There are various forms of CA membrane fouling, for instance, organic, inorganic, particulate fouling, and biofouling. In this review, strategies used for CA membrane antifouling are discussed and summarized into four main techniques: feed solution pretreatment, cleaning of the membrane surface, membrane surface modification, which can be applied using either nanoparticles, polymer reactions, surface grafting, or surface topography, and surface coating.

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Alshahrani, Ahmed A., Abeer A. El-Habeeb, Arwa A. Almutairi, Dimah A. Almuaither, Sara A. Abudajeen, Hassan M. A. Hassan, and Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi. "Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Polyamide-Reduced Graphene Oxide as Selective Membranes for Water Purification." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010024.

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Amidst the ongoing advancements in membrane technology, a leading method has come to the forefront. Recent research has emphasized the substantial influence of surface attributes in augmenting the effectiveness of thin-film membranes in water treatments. These studies reveal how surface properties play a crucial role in optimizing the performance of these membranes, further establishing their prominence in the field of membrane technology. This recognition stems from the precise engineering of surfaces, ensuring they meet the demanding requirements of advanced separation processes. This study utilizes polyamide as a discerning layer, applied atop a polysulfone support sheet through interfacial polymerization (IP) for membrane fabrication. The amounts in the various membranes were created to vary. The membrane’s permeability to water with significant salt rejection was enhanced, which improved its effectiveness. The polyamide (PA) membrane comprising graphene oxide (rGO, 0.015%) had a water permeability of 48.90 L/m2 h at 22 bar, which was much higher than the mean permeability of polyamide membranes (25.0 L/m2 h at 22 bar). On the other hand, the PA–rGO/CHIT membranes exhibited the lowest water permeability due to their decreased surface roughness. However, the membranes’ effectiveness in rejecting salts ranged from 80% to 95% for PA–rGO and PA–rGO/CHIT membranes.

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Norfarhana, A. S., R. A. Ilyas, N. Ngadi, Shubham Sharma, Mohamed Mahmoud Sayed, A. S. El-Shafay, and A. H. Nordin. "Natural Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic ENR/PVC Composites as Potential Membrane Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122432.

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Membrane separation processes are prevalent in industrial wastewater treatment because they are more effective than conventional methods at addressing global water issues. Consequently, the ideal membranes with high mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, flux, permeability, porosity, and solute removal capacity must be prepared to aid in the separation process for wastewater treatment. Rubber-based membranes have shown the potential for high mechanical properties in water separation processes to date. In addition, the excellent sustainable practice of natural fibers has attracted great attention from industrial players and researchers for the exploitation of polymer composite membranes to improve the balance between the environment and social and economic concerns. The incorporation of natural fiber in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as filler and pore former agent enhances the mechanical properties, and high separation efficiency characteristics of membrane composites are discussed. Furthermore, recent advancements in the fabrication technique of porous membranes affected the membrane’s structure, and the performance of wastewater treatment applications is reviewed.

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Chen, Kaikai, Haoyang Ling, Hailiang Liu, Wei Zhao, and Changfa Xiao. "Design of Robust FEP Porous Ultrafiltration Membranes by Electrospinning-Sintered Technology." Polymers 14, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183802.

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Perfluoropolymer membranes are widely used because of their good environmental adaptability. Herein, the ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membranes were fabricated with electrospinning-sintered technology. The effects of PVA content and sintering temperature on the fabricated membranes’ morphologies and properties were investigated. The results indicate that a kind of dimensionally stable network structure was formed in the obtained ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membranes after sintering the nascent ultrafine fibrous FEP/PVA membranes. The optimal sintering conditions were obtained by comparing the membranes’ performance in terms of membrane morphology, hydrophobicity, mechanical strength, and porosity. When the sintering temperature was 300 °C for 10 min, the porosity, water contact angle, and liquid entry pressure of the membrane were 62.7%, 124.2° ± 2.1°, and 0.18 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membrane at the optimal sintering conditions was tested in vacuum membrane distillation with a permeate flux of 15.1 L·m−2·h−1 and a salt rejection of 97.99%. Consequently, the ultrafine fibrous FEP porous membrane might be applied in the seawater desalination field.

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Al-Naemi, Amer Naji, Mohammed Amer Abdul-Majeed, Mustafa H. Al-Furaiji, and Inmar N. Ghazi. "Fabrication and Characterization of Nanofibers Membranes using Electrospinning Technology for Oil Removal." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4.1338.

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Oily wastewater is one of the most challenging streams to deal with especially if the oil exists in emulsified form. In this study, electrospinning method was used to prepare nanofiberous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and study their performance in oil removal. Graphene particles were embedded in the electrospun PVDF membrane to enhance the efficiency of the membranes. The prepared membranes were characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to verify the graphene stabilization on the surface of the membrane homogeneously; while FTIR was used to detect the functional groups on the membrane surface. The membrane wettability was assessed by measuring the contact angle. The PVDF and PVDF / Graphene membranes efficiency was tested in separation of emulsified oil from aqueous solutions. The results showed that PVDF-Graphene nanofiber membrane exhibited better performance than the plain PVDF nanofiber membrane with average water flux of 210 and 180 L.m-2.h-1, respectively. Both membranes showed high oil rejection with more than 98%.

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Ji, Keyu, Chengkun Liu, Haijun He, Xue Mao, Liang Wei, Hao Wang, Mengdi Zhang, Yutong Shen, Runjun Sun, and Fenglei Zhou. "Research Progress of Water Treatment Technology Based on Nanofiber Membranes." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030741.

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In the field of water purification, membrane separation technology plays a significant role. Electrospinning has emerged as a primary method to produce nanofiber membranes due to its straightforward, low cost, functional diversity, and process controllability. It is possible to flexibly control the structural characteristics of electrospun nanofiber membranes as well as carry out various membrane material combinations to make full use of their various properties, including high porosity, high selectivity, and microporous permeability to obtain high-performance water treatment membranes. These water separation membranes can satisfy the fast and efficient purification requirements in different water purification applications due to their high filtration efficiency. The current research on water treatment membranes is still focused on creating high-permeability membranes with outstanding selectivity, remarkable antifouling performance, superior physical and chemical performance, and long-term stability. This paper reviewed the preparation methods and properties of electrospun nanofiber membranes for water treatment in various fields, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and other special applications. Lastly, various antifouling technologies and research progress of water treatment membranes were discussed, and the future development direction of electrospun nanofiber membranes for water treatment was also presented.

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Rajendran, Raj G. "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technology for Fuel Cells." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 8 (August 2005): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.165.

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AbstractThe concept of using an ion-exchange membrane as an electrolyte separator for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells was first reported by General Electric in 1955. However, a real breakthrough in PEM fuel cell technology occurred in the mid-1960s after DuPont introduced Nafion®, a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane. Due to their inherent chemical, thermal, and oxidative stability, perfluorosulfonic acid membranes displaced unstable polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes.Today, Nafion® and other related perfluorosulfonic acid membranes are considered to be the state of the art for PEM fuel cell technology. Although perfluorosulfonic acid membrane structures are preferred today, structural improvements are still needed to accommodate the increasing demands of fuel cell systems for specific applications. Higher performance, lower cost, greater durability, better water management, the ability to perform at higher temperatures, and flexibility in operating with a wide range of fuels are some of the challenges that need to be overcome before widespread commercial adoption of the technology can be realized. The present article will highlight the membrane properties relevant to PEM fuel cell systems, the development history of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, and the current status of R&D activities in PEM technology.

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Galiano, Francesco, Roberto Castro-Muñoz, Raffaella Mancuso, Bartolo Gabriele, and Alberto Figoli. "Membrane Technology in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions." Catalysts 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9070614.

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In this review, the recent achievements on the use of membrane technologies in catalytic carbonylation reactions are described. The review starts with a general introduction on the use and function of membranes in assisting catalytic chemical reactions with a particular emphasis on the most widespread applications including esterification, oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. An independent paragraph will be then devoted to the state of the art of membranes in carbonylation reactions for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Finally, the application of a specific membrane process, such as pervaporation, for the separation/purification of products deriving from carbonylation reactions will be presented.

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Boyraz, Evren, Fatma Yalcinkaya, Jakub Hruza, and Jiri Maryska. "Surface-Modified Nanofibrous PVDF Membranes for Liquid Separation Technology." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172702.

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Preparing easily scaled up, cost-effective, and recyclable membranes for separation technology is challenging. In the present study, a unique and new type of modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous membrane was prepared for the separation of oil–water emulsions. Surface modification was done in two steps. In the first step, dehydrofluorination of PVDF membranes was done using an alkaline solution. After the first step, oil removal and permeability of the membranes were dramatically improved. In the second step, TiO2 nanoparticles were grafted onto the surface of the membranes. After adding TiO2 nanoparticles, membranes exhibited outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning performance. The as-prepared membranes can be of great use in new green separation technology and have great potential to deal with the separation of oil–water emulsions in the near future.

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Akbari, Ahmad, Vahid Reza Abbaspour, and Seyed Majid Mojallali Rostami. "Tabas coal preparation plant wastewater treatment with membrane technology." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.192.

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The goal of the present work is the Tabas coal preparation plant wastewater treatment using membrane technology. Polyacrylonitrile membrane was prepared through phase inversion method and then developed by annealing process. Also, high fouling resistance membranes were prepared by the embedding of TiO2 nanoparticles using self-assembling and blending methods. The effect of immersion time and TiO2 nanoparticles concentration was investigated using two techniques. The chemical structure, morphology, hydrophilicity, molecular weight cut-off and antifouling properties of membranes were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, polyethylene glycol tracers, and cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) filtration, respectively. The optimized self-assembled membrane was shown to have more than 31.2% higher water flux with the best antifouling properties. Improving hydrophilicity leads to excellent antifouling properties for composite membranes and illustrates a promising method for fabrication of high performance membrane for C-PAM separation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Membranes (Technology)"

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Sorensen, E. Todd. "Cross-linkable polyimide blends for stable membranes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10086.

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Keuler, Johan Nico. "Preparation and characterisation of palladium composite membranes." Thesis, Link to the online version, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1431.

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Bighane, Neha. "Novel silica membranes for high temeprature gas separations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43732.

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Membrane materials for gas separations span a wide range including polymers, metals, ceramics and composites. Our aim is to create economical hydrothermally stable membranes that can provide high H₂-CO₂ separation at a temperature of 300 degree Celsius, for application in the water-gas shift reactor process. The present work describes the development of novel silica and silica-titania membranes from the controlled oxidative thermolysis of polydimethylsiloxane. The scope of this thesis is fabrication of membranes, material characterization and preliminary gas permeation tests (35-80 degree Celsius) on PDMS derived silica membrane films. The developed membranes can withstand up to 350 degree C in air. High permeabilties of small gas penetrants like He, H₂ and CO₂ have been observed and fairly high separation factors of O₂/N₂=3, H₂/N₂= 14 and H₂/CH₄=11 have been obtained. As the temperature of operation increases, the permeability of hydrogen increases and the separation factor of H₂ from CO₂ increases. The silica membranes exhibit gas separation factors higher than the respective Knudsen values. Additionally, design and construction of a new high temperature gas permeation testing system is described, which will cater to gas permeation tests at temperatures up to 300 degree Celsius for future work. The thesis also includes a detailed plan for future studies on this topic of research.

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Keuler, Johan Nico. "Optimising catalyst and membrane performance and performing a fundamental analysis on the dehydrogenation of ethanol and 2-butanol in a catalytic membrane reactor." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1277.

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Poletto, Patrícia. "Caracterização de membranas de poliamida 66 preparadas pelo método de inversão de fases." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/573.

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Neste trabalho foram preparadas membranas de poliamida 66 (PA 66) pelo método de inversão de fases (IF) e caracterizadas com o objetivo de verificar sua possível aplicação em processos de separação. As membranas de PA 66 foram preparadas utilizando dois solventes diferentes, ácido fórmico (AF) e ácido clorídrico (HCl) e água como não-solvente. As membranas preparadas na forma de filmes (não suportadas) foram caracterizadas por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), onde os resultados mostraram que a estrutura química e o comportamento térmico da PA 66 não foram alterados como o uso de ácidos como solventes. Os filmes apresentaram estrutura assimétrica, com formação de camada densa na parte superior seguida de subestrutura de poros esféricos observada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A espessura de camada densa variou de 10 à 25 μm, para o filme preparado em AF e HCl, respectivamente. O aumento da espessura da camada densa, ou seja, a redução de espaços vazios influenciou diretamente os resultados de percentual de água absorvida e porosidade total. A porosidade foi de 15 contra 50% para os filmes preparados em AF e HCl, respectivamente. O fluxo de vapor de água foi menor para os filmes com maior espessura de camada densa, devido ao aumento da resistência ao transporte de massa. Com o objetivo de aumentar a resistência mecânica dos filmes de poliamida, foram preparadas membranas suportadas em tecido de poliéster para posterior aplicação em processos de separação que utilizam altas pressões. As membranas suportadas foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de BET para determinação de tamanho médio de poros, ensaios de osmose inversa (OI) e ultrafiltração (UF). Ambas as membranas preparadas em AF e HCl apresentaram valores de tamanho de poro muito próximos quando analisado por BET. O ensaio de compactação com água pura realizado a 40 bar de pressão revelou que as membranas preparadas em AF sofrem maior compactação na sua estrutura apresentando fluxo de permeado em torno de 22 Lm-2h-1 enquanto a membrana preparada em HCl apresentou fluxo de 312 Lm-2h-1. No ensaio de OI, a rejeição máxima ao cloreto de sódio foi de 7% e 4% para a membrana AF-3 e HCl-3, respectivamente. Nos ensaios de ultrafiltração (UF), realizados a 15 bar, ambas as membranas apresentaram valores de rejeição próximos a 70% para albumina de ovo e 80% para albumina bovina. Com esse resultado, podemos concluir que ambas as membranas apresentaram características de tamanho de poro e rejeição para aplicações em processos de UF.
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In the present study, polyamide 66 (PA 66) membranes were prepared by phase inversion (PI) and characterized in order to verify their potential application in separation processes. PA 66 membranes were prepared using two different solvents, formic acid (FA) and chloridric acid (HCl), and water as a non-solvent. Membranes prepared in film form (not supported) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the results showed that the chemical structure and thermal behavior of the PA 66 were not altered by the use of acids as solvents. The films revealed an asymmetric structure with a dense top layer and a porous sublayer featuring spherical pores observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thickness of the dense layer varied from 10 to 25 μm in films prepared with FA and HCl, respectively. The increase in thickness of the dense layer, i.e., the reduction of empty spaces, directly influenced the results regarding water absorption percentage and total porosity. The porosity found was 15% and 50% for films prepared with FA and HCl, respectively. Water vapor flux was lower in films with a thicker dense layer as a result of a greater resistance to mass transfer. In order to increase mechanical resistance in polyamide films, supported membranes with polyester fabric were prepared for latter application in separation processes through high pressure. Supported membranes were characterized by BET techniques for the determination of pore size, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration assays. Both membranes prepared with FA and HCl showed very similar pore sizes when analyzed by/with BET. A compression assay with pure water performed at a pressure of 40 bar revealed that membranes prepared with FA undergo greater compaction of its structure and had a permeate flux value of approximately 22 Lm-2h-1 whereas the membrane prepared with HCl had a permeate flux value of 312 Lm-2h-1. On reverse osmosis assays, the maximum rejection to sodium chloride was 7% and 4% for FA-3 and HCl-3 membranes, respectively. On ultrafiltration assays, performed at 15 bar, both membranes had rejection values close to 70% for egg albumin and 80% for bovine albumin. Based on this result, it is possible to conclude that both membranes revealed pore size and rejection characteristics for application in ultrafiltration processes.

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Handelsman, Timothy David. "Membranes for Biorefineries." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14569.

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This thesis tested the hypothesis that whilst membranes may enable biorefineries to meet discharge specifications, such ‘end-of-pipe’ treatment options are sub-optimal. Greater savings can potentially be made by internal and/or upfront use of membranes. Biorefineries are used to make a wide range of products from substrates such as molasses, corn syrup and cellulosic materials, producing biofuels, pharmaceutical products and mass production of various microorganisms. These are generally produced at low concentrations, resulting in large amounts of wastewater. These wastewaters also contain high concentrations of recalcitrant organic compounds, which have high COD and dark colour. Membrane filtration has in the past typically been used as an ‘end-of-pipe’ treatment option, but can be employed to greater effect further upstream in the baker’s yeast production process. Utilising membrane technology to facilitate the recycling of water and salt from molasses wastewater proved to be successful and could also be used to recover water and other components from lignocellulosic wastewater. Melanoidins are recalcitrant organic macromolecules, which are mainly responsible for the dark brown colour in molasses. The presence of these coloured compounds in the fermentation produces a brown coloured yeast, requiring multiple washing stages to meet the market requirements of the yeast product, the majority of which is sold for the large scale production of sliced white bread. Membranes can be used to remove the bulk of this colour with minimal effect on the yeast’s yield and activity. This thesis has successfully demonstrated the potential of using membrane technologies internally and/or upfront in biorefinery processes, rather than in their customary role as ‘end-of-pipe’ treatment options for both the molasses fermentation industry and the cellulosic ethanol industry, suggesting that membrane technologies have the versatility to be applied across a range of biorefinery processes.

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McCool, Benjamin A. "Synthesis and Characterization of Microporous Silica Membranes Fabricated through Pore Size Reduction of Mesoporous Silica Membranes Using Catalyzed Atomic Layer Deposition." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McCoolBA2004.pdf.

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Borgsmiller, Karen McNeal. "Synthetic membranes for chiral separations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11824.

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Thrasher, Stacye Regina. "Polymeric membranes for organic vapor recovery." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12358.

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Medugno, Cláudia Conti. "Fases de membranas fluidas -L3 a partir de lipídio sintético e pentanol na região diluída - e o respectivo dialisado." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266692.

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Orientador: Elias Basile Tambourgi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: A fase L3 (esponja) foi observada no final dos anos 80 e representa uma nova classe de auto moldagem para sistemas surfactantes em água. Esse trabalho descreve a descoberta e a posterior caracterização de uma fase ternária composta do lipídio sintético catiônico brometo de dioctadecildimetil amônio (DODAB), pentanol e água, em uma região diluída. Esta é a primeira descrição de uma fase L3 preparada com um lipídio com uma cabeça polar relativamente pequena e duas cadeias de hidrocarboneto com 18 carbonos cada. A região no diagrama triangular pentanol/água/DODAB na qual a fase existe foi caracterizada utilizando as técnicas de isotropia óptica e anisotropia em relação a uma sonda de espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética do elétron. A proposta de uma fase L3 foi feita por comparação com um sistema similar relatado pelo grupo de Monpellier. A descrição aceita é que, em uma relação estreita de concentração surfactante e cosurfactante, ocorre fusão de membrana com a formação de uma rede de bicamadas altamente interligadas e distribuídas aleatoriamente no espaço. A hipótese de formação da fase L3 é que o grupo hidroxila do pentanol se pareie com as cabeças de lipídios e esse fato é capaz de alterar a curvatura das bicamadas. As várias preparações de DODAB e pentanol mantiveram-se inalteradas durante pelo menos cinco anos apenas até 3 mM, a concentração máxima que pode ser chamada de L3, que é termodinamicamente estável. Para tornar o sistema mais atraente para muitos usos potenciais, é necessário aumentar a concentração do lipídio. Concentrações até 10 mM decompõem-se após algumas horas em pequenas gotas e cristais, a chamada multifase. O passo seguinte foi remover completamente o álcool por diálise contínua. O resultado foi o aparecimento de uma fase semelhante à água, que não pode ser obtida de outro modo. Uma sequência de medidas espectroscópicas e cromatográficas demonstrou que o álcool foi eliminado totalmente por diálise e o lipídio permanece retido. Há uma notável diferença com outros sistemas binários água/DODAB. Na mesma concentração, todos têm acentuada turbidez. A hipótese é que a presença de álcool na bicamada promove uma reorganização capaz de transformar um sistema particulado em bicontínuo. Está agora bem aceito que a força motriz dessas transformações são as mudanças de curvatura na bicamada. Os esforços para caracterizar esses sistemas são justificados, uma vez que são fáceis de preparar e têm utilizações potenciais como a síntese de compostos com poros mesoestruturados, transporte de drogas e cristalização de proteínas
Abstract: The amphiphilic L3 (sponge) phase was observed in the late 80's and represents a new class of self-assembly for surfactant-water systems. This work describes the discovery and subsequent characterization of a ternary phase composed of synthetic cationic lipid dioctadecildimetil ammonium bromide (DODAB), pentanol and water in a diluted region. This is the first description of a L3 phase prepared from a lipid with a relatively small polar head and two hydrocarbon chains with 18 carbons each one. The region of the triangle diagram in which there is L3 phase was characterized using optical isotropy and anisotropy to a probe with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy technique. The proposal of an L3 phase was made by comparison with a similar system reported by the group of Montpellier. The description accepted is that in a narrow close ratio of surfactant/cosolvent concentrations, membrane fusion occurs with the formation of a highly interconnected and randomly distributed network of bilayers in space. The assumption of formation of the L3 phase is that the hydroxyl group of pentanol pairs with the lipid heads and this fact is able to change the bilayer curvature. The various DODAB/pentanol preparations remained unchanged and stable for five years only up to the concentration of 3 mM of lipid, the maximum concentration that can be called L3 phase, which is thermodynamically stable. To make the system more attractive for many potential uses it was necessary to increase the weight of the lipid. Concentrations up to 10 millimolar, after a few hours, break down into tiny droplets and small crystals, so-called multiphase. The next step was to completely remove the alcohol by continuous dialysis. The result was the appearance of a phase similar to water, which cannot be obtained otherwise. A sequence of spectroscopic and chromatography measurements showed that the alcohol was entirely eliminated by dialysis as the lipid was retained. There is a notable change when compared with other DODAB/water binary preparations. In the same concentration, all of them have pronounced turbidity. The hypothesis is that the presence of alcohol in the bilayer promotes reorganization, transforming a particulate into a bicontinuum system. Efforts to characterize these systems are justified because they are easy to prepare and have potential uses in the synthesis of inorganic solid new materials with nanostructured pores, and as drug carriers and vehicles for the crystallization of proteins
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutora em Engenharia Quimica

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Books on the topic "Membranes (Technology)"

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Smart Membrane Materials and Systems: From Flat Membranes to Microcapsule Membranes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Melin, Thomas. Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- und Anlagenauslegung. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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G, Crespo João, Böddeker Karl W, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification (1993 : Curia, Portugal), eds. Membrane processes in separation and purification. Dordrecht [The Netherlands]: Kulwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Claude, Nicolau, and Chapman Dennis 1927-, eds. Horizons in membrane biotechnology: Proceedings of the Third International Meeting on Membrane Biotechnology, held in College Station, Texas, September 17-20, 1989. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990.

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Escobar, Isabel C., and Bart van der Bruggen. Modern applications in membrane science and technology. Edited by American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2011.

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P, Nunes S., and Peinemann K. V, eds. Membrane technology in the chemical industry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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Hoek, Eric Michael Vrijen, and Volodymyr V. Tarabara. Encyclopedia of membrane science and technology. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2013.

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Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi. Carbon-based membranes for separation processes. New York: Springer Verlag, 2011.

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Sutherland, Ken. Profile of the international membrane industry: Market prospects to 2008. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2004.

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W, Crull Anna, Grant Sandi, and Business Communications Co, eds. Membrane & separations technology industry review. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Membranes (Technology)"

1

Eickmann, U., and U. Werner. "Porous Membranes in Gas Separation Technology." In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 327–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_33.

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Noble, Richard D., and J. Douglas Way. "Liquid Membrane Technology." In Liquid Membranes, 1–26. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0347.ch001.

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Noble, Richard D., and J. Douglas Way. "Applications of Liquid Membrane Technology." In Liquid Membranes, 110–22. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0347.ch008.

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Palencia, Manuel, Alexander Córdoba, and Myleidi Vera. "Membrane Technology and Chemistry." In Nanostructured Polymer Membranes, 27–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118831779.ch2.

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Liu, Yang, and Guibin Wang. "Membranes: Technology and Applications." In Nanostructured Polymer Membranes, 27–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118831823.ch2.

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Hermans, Sanne, and Ivo Vankelecom. "High-Throughput Membrane Technology." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 939–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_281.

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Hermans, Sanne, and Ivo Vankelecom. "High-Throughput Membrane Technology." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_281-1.

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Hughes, R. "Liquid membranes." In Industrial Membrane Separation Technology, 258–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0627-6_8.

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Figoli, Alberto, Erika Mascheroni, Sara Limbo, and Enrico Drioli. "Membranes for Food Packaging." In Membrane Technology, 223–40. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631384.ch10.

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Nunes, S. P., and K. V. Peinemann. "Surface Modification of Membranes." In Membrane Technology, 39–43. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527608788.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Membranes (Technology)"

1

Wang, Rong, Chuyang Tang, and Tony Fane. "Advances in Membrane Technology: Forward Osmosis/Pressure Retarded Osmosis Membranes and Biomimetic Membranes." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_596.

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Garrote, R., R. Hepp, J. Banham, and X. Huang. "Experiences from the Use of Thinner SRU Membranes on Existing Offshore Platforms." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35170-ms.

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Abstract New thinner SRU (Sulfate Removal Unit) NF (Nano Filtration) membrane was developed to boost the more efficient available water productivity per treatment module for energy and space saving benefits. Two module designs have been offered to the offshore service, with one targeting a more efficient fouling control with expanded surface area, and another targeting utmost compact design to save energy and space consumption. This new technology is currently available and has been used at offshore fields since 2020. With the replacement of the new NF membranes, existing SRUs can either increase by 10 to 16% capacity without modifying the actual system or use a thicker feed spacer (34 mil vs. 26 mil), allowing for operation at lower Differential Pressures (dP) reducing Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) frequency and alleviating the hassle and downtime stress brought by fouling management. New systems can be designed with 9.1-13.7% reduction in size for the same capacity when compared to standard SRU membranes. This paper investigates the benefits achieved in the real field on thinner NF membrane installation through the analysis of fouling control, production capacity boosts and membrane longevity extension. Existing platforms where the thinner SRU membranes are in use side by side with regular membrane product were tracked for direct comparison, which reveals remarkable gaining on energy consumption, chemical reduction, and downtime control with new thinner membrane installation.

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Romero, T., and W. Me´rida. "Transient Water Transport in Nafion Membranes Under Activity Gradients." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33317.

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Transient water transport experiments on Nafion of different thicknesses were carried out in the temperature range of 30 to 70 °C. These experiments report on water transport measurements under activity gradients in the time domain for liquid and vapour equilibrated Nafion membranes. Using a permeability test rig with a gated valve, the water crossover was measured as a function of time. The typical response is shown as a time dependent flux, and it shows the dynamic transport from an initially dry condition up to the final steady state. Contrarily to previous reports from dynamic water transport measurements, where the activity gradient across the membrane is absent; in this work, the membrane was subjected to an activity gradient acting as the driving force to transport water from an environment with higher water activity to an environment with lower water activity through the membrane’s structure. Measurements explored temperature and membrane thickness variation effect on the transient response. Results showed dependency on temperature and a slower water transport rate across the vapour-membrane interface than for the liquid-membrane interface. These measurements showed the transport dependency on water content at the beginning of the experiment when the membrane was in a close-to-dry condition suggesting a transport phenomenon transition due to a reached critical water content value. The new protocol for transient measurements proposed here will allow the characterization of water transport dependency on membrane water content with a more rational representation of the membrane-environment interface.

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Vasanthakumari, R. "Design and Development of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Based Composite Membranes." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33050.

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Polymer electrolyte membranes used in fuel cells are proton selective and hence allows only protons to pass through it. The electrolyte composition, morphology and water absorption properties of the membrane greatly influence the performance of the fuel cell. For example the membranes used in fuel cells should meet following requirements. • Good thermal stability above 250°C. • Proton conductivity greater than 10^-2 S/cm. • Good water absorption and water retaining capacity. • mechanical strength and flexibility. The present paper is focused on design and development of a membrane suitable for fuel cell application. The base polymer chosen in this present work has been thermoplastic polyurethane because of its high flexibility, temperature resistance and solubility in organic solvent such as DMF. Fabrication of the coating machine was done and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based Composite membranes with an average thickness of 40 microns were cast. Sulphonation of polystyrene was carried out to get SPS with assay 98%. TPU based composite membranes with conducting resins of 25% SPEEK, 4%SPS and 10% PANI were cast and characterized by FTIR, DSC, four probe conductivity and SEM. The composite membranes were studied for fuel cell suitability. The studies show that a current in the range of 0.5×10−4 A to 0.8344×10−4 A and about 0.5V can be drawn out of these membranes. The results were compared with that of NAFION membrane.

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Yu, Tzyy-Lung Leon, Shih-Hao Liu, Hsiu-Li Lin, and Po-Hao Su. "Nafion/PBI Nanofiber Composite Membranes for Fuel Cells Applications." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33025.

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The PBI (poly(benzimidazole)) nano-fiber thin film with thickness of 18–30 μm is prepared by electro-spinning from a 20 wt% PBI/DMAc (N, N′-dimethyl acetamide) solution. The PBI nano-fiber thin film is then treated with a glutaraldehyde liquid for 24h at room temperature to proceed chemical crosslink reaction. The crosslink PBI nano-fiber thin film is then immersed in Nafion solutions to prepare Nafion/PBI nano-fiber composite membranes (thickness 22–34 μm). The morphology of the composite membranes is observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties, conductivity, and unit fuel cell performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the composite membrane are investigated and compared with those of Nafion-212 membrane (thickness ∼50 μm) and Nafion/porous PTFE (poly(tetrafluoro ethylene)) composite membrane (thickness ∼22 μm). We show the present composite membrane has a similar fuel cell performance to Nafion/PTFE and a better fuel cell performance than Du Pont Nafion-212.

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Yang, Eui-Hyeok, and Dean V. Wiberg. "A Wafer Transfer Technology for MEMS Adaptive Optics." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23807.

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Abstract Adaptive optics systems require the combination of several advanced technologies such as precision optics, wavefront sensors, deformable mirrors and lasers with highspeed control systems. The deformable mirror with a continuous membrane is a key component of these systems. This paper describes a new technique for transferring an entire wafer-level silicon membrane from one substrate to another. This technology is developed for the fabrication of a compact deformable mirror with a continuous face sheet. A 1 μm thick silicon membrane, 100 mm in diameter, has been successfully transferred without using adhesives or polymers (i.e. wax, epoxy, or photoresist). Smaller or larger diameter membranes can also be transferred using this technique. The fabricated actuator membrane with an electrode gap of 1.5 μm shows a vertical deflection of 0.37 μm at 55 V. The proposed technique has the following benefits over those previously reported: 1) No post-assembly release process (e.g. using HF) is required, and no wax, photoresist, or epoxy is used for the transfer purpose 2) The bonded interface is completely isolated from any acid, etchant, or solvent, which ensures a clean and flat membrane surface. 3) It offers the capability of transferring wafer-level membranes over deformable actuators.

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Marchyk, Nataliya A., Gennady K. Zhavnerko, and Vladimir E. Agabekov. "Polymeric analogs of biological membranes." In Nano-Design, Technology, Computer Simulations, edited by Alexander I. Melker and Vladislav V. Nelayev. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.836483.

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Zhang, Huamin, and Xiaobing Zhu. "Research and Development of Key Materials of PEMFC." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97059.

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In this paper, R & D on the electrocatalysts and the proton conductive membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in our group is presented. It is shown that both the electrocatalysts and the proton conductive membranes have attained an enhanced performance.

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Reissman, Timothy, Austin Fang, Ephrahim Garcia, Brian J. Kirby, Romain Viard, and Philippe M. Fauchet. "Inorganic Proton Exchange Membranes." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97149.

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Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) offer advantages from quick refills to the elimination of recharge times. They show the most potential in efficient chemical to electrical energy conversion, but currently one major source of inefficiency within the DMFC system is the electrolyte allowing fuel to cross over from the anode to cathode. Proprietary DuPont™ Nafion® 117 has been the standard polymer electrolyte thus far for all meso-scale direct methanol power conversion systems, and its shortcomings consist primarily of slow anodic reaction rates and fuel crossover resulting in lower voltage generation or mixed potential. Porous Silicon (P-Si) is traditionally used in photovoltaic and photoluminescence applications but rarely used as a mechanical filter or membrane. This research deals with investigations into using P-Si as a functioning electrolyte to transfer ions from the anode to cathode of a DMFC and the consequences of stacking multiple layers of anodes. Porous silicon was fabricated in a standard Teflon cylindrical cell by an anodization process which varied the current density to etch and electro-polish the silicon membrane. The result was a porous silicon membrane with approximately 1.5 μm pore sizes when optically characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The porous membranes were then coated in approximately 0.2 mg/cm2 Pt-Ru catalyst with a 10% Nafion® solution binding agent onto the anode. Voltage versus current data shows an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.25V was achieved with one layer when operating at 20°C. When adding a second porous silicon layer, the OCV was raised to approximately 0.32V under the same conditions. The experimental data suggested that the current collected also increased with an additional identical layer of anode prepared the same way. The single difference was that the air cathode side was surface treated with 0.1 mg of Pt black catalyst combined with a 10% Nafion® binding agent to aid in the recombination of hydrogen atoms to form the water byproduct. Porous silicon endurance runs with 2ml of 3% by volume methanol (0.7425M) fuel dissolved in water showed an operating voltage was generated for approximately 3 hours before the level dropped to approximately 65% of the 0.25V maximum voltage. Endurance runs with a second layer added extended the useful cell life to approximately 5 hours under the same conditions. In an effort to quantify these layering results, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry was conducted on a number of samples to verify decreased methanol concentration present in the second layer.

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Lee, Chi-Hung, Jia-Ru Chen, Hung-Wei Shiu, Ko-Shan Ho, Shinn-Dar Wu, Kuo-Huang Hsieh, and Yen-Zen Wang. "Effect of Bridging Groups on Sulfonated Poly(Imide-Siloxane) for Application in Proton Exchange Membrane of Fuel Cells." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65155.

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A series of six-membered sulfonated poly(imide-siloxane)s were synthesized using 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 2,2-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), as the sulfonation target diamine groups, and various non-sulfonated diamine monomers behaving as bridging groups. The structure-property relationship of SPI-SXx membranes is discussed in details according to the chemical structure of the nvarious non-sulfonated diamines of SPI-SXx membranes from the viewpoints of proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and membranes properties (water uptake, membrane swelling) at equal PDMS content SPI-SXx. They showed good solubility and high thermal stability up to 300 °C. The PDMS was introduced to enhance the proton conductivity and water uptake attributed from the highly flexibility of the siloxane segments. They showed a comparable or even higher proton conductivity than that of Nafion 117 in water at 60 °C. The conductivity and water uptake of angled, SPI-SXm and ODA-based SPI-SX membranes (SPI-SXO) are greater than those prepared from DDM-based SPI-SX membranes (SPI-SXD) at a given IEC. These differences resulted from the increased numbers of entanglements of the flexibility membrane. The SPI-SXD showed alomost isotropically dimensional changes with the increases of water uptake and the volume were slightly smaller than those estimated from the additivity rule. Microscopic analyses revealed that these smaller (<10 nm) and well-dispersed hydrophilic domains contribute to the better proton conducting properties. The new sulfonated poly(imide-siloxane)s have proved to be a possible candidate as the polymer electrolyte membrane for PEFCs and DMFCs.

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Reports on the topic "Membranes (Technology)"

1

Dye, R. C., S. A. Birdsell, and R. C. Snow. Advancing the technology base for high-temperature membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532704.

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Kalthod, Dr Dilip. Development of Advanced Membranes Technology Platform for Hydrocarbon Separations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1214563.

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Anand, M., and K. A. Ludwig. Novel selective surface flow (SSF{trademark}) membranes for the recovery of hydrogen from waste gas streams. Phase 2: Technology development, final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/495241.

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Henshaw, W. Multi-Scale, Multi-Physics Membrane Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948649.

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Ravi Prasad. CERAMIC MEMBRANE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED IGCC EFFICIENCY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891607.

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Ravi Prasad. CERAMIC MEMBRANE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED IGCC EFFICIENCY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891608.

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Ravi Prasad. CERAMIC MEMBRANE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED IGCC EFFICIENCY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891609.

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Ravi Prasad. CERAMIC MEMBRANE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED IGCC EFFICIENCY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891611.

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Prasad, Ravi. CERAMIC MEMBRANE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED IGCC EFFICIENCY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793311.

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Prasad, Ravi. CERAMIC MEMBRANE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVED IGCC EFFICIENCY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793316.

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