Relevant bibliographies by topics / Membrane Modello

Academic literature on the topic 'Membrane Modello'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Membrane Modello"

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Petrauskas, Karolis. "Kompiuterinis biojutiklių su perforuota ir selektyvia membrana modeliavimas vienmačiu keturių sluoksnių modeliu." Informacijos mokslai 50 (January 1, 2009): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2009.0.3217.

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Straipsnyje pateikiamas vienmatis biojutiklio su perforuota ir selektyvia membrana modelis. Šis modelis sudarytas pakeičiant perforuotą membraną dviem homogeniškais sluoksniais atitinkamai membranos dalims, kur skylutės yra užpildytos fermento ir kur fermento nėra. Pasiūlytas modelis buvo ištirtas vykdant skaitinius eksperimentus, kad būtų nustatytos sąlygos, kuriomis jis gali būti taikomas tiksliam biojutiklio veiksmo modeliavimui. Šio modelio tikslumas buvo vertinamas lyginant juo gaunamus rezultatus su dvimačio modelio rezultatais. Pasiūlyto modelio rezultatai taip pat buvo palyginti su vienmačio modelio, kuriame perforuota membrana pakeičiama vienu homogenišku sluoksniu, rezultatais. Biojutiklis buvo modeliuojamas reakcijos-difuzijos lygtimis su netiesiniu nariu, aprašančiu fermentinės reakcijos Michaelio–Menteno kinetiką. Modelio lygčių sistema buvo sprendžiama skaitiškai, naudojant baigtinių skirtumų metodą.Computer-Aided Modeling of a Biosensor with Selective and Perforated Membranes Using a Four-Layered One-Dimensional ModelKarolis Petrauskas SummaryThis article presents a one-dimensional model for a biosensor with perforated and selective membranes. This model is constructed by replacing the perforated membrane with two homogeneous layers. These layers are used to model parts of the perforated membrane, where holes are fi lled with an enzyme and where is no enzyme in the holes, separately. The proposed model was investigated by performing numerical experiments in order to determine conditions, under which the proposed model can be used to simulate an operation of a biosensor with an outer perforated membrane precisely. A preciseness of the model was measured by comparing its results with results of the corresponding two-dimensional model. Beside the measurement of the preciseness, results of the proposed model were compared to the results of the one-dimensional model, constructed by replacing the perforated membrane with one homogeneous layer. A biosensor was modeled using diffusion-reaction equations with a nonlinear member representing the Michaelis-Menten kinetic of an enzymatic reaction. These equations were solved numerically, using the method of fi nite differences.: 18px;">
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Di Lullo, A. M., M. Scorza, F. Amato, M. Comegna, V. Raia, L. Maiuri, G. Ilardi, E. Cantone, G. Castaldo, and M. Iengo. "An “ex vivo model” contributing to the diagnosis and evaluation of new drugs in cystic fibrosis." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 37, no. 3 (June 2017): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1328.

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La fibrosi cistica (FC) è una malattia autosomica recessiva causata da mutazioni nel gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator). Finora sono state descritte circa 2000 mutazioni, ma per la maggior parte di esse è difficile definirne l’effetto senza complesse procedure in vitro. Abbiamo effettuato il campionamento (mediante brushing), la cultura e l’analisi di cellule epiteliali nasali umane (HNEC) utilizzando una serie di tecniche che possono aiutare a testare l’effetto delle mutazioni CFTR. Abbiamo eseguito 50 brushing da pazienti FC e controlli, e in 45 casi si è ottenuta una coltura positiva. Utilizzando cellule in coltura: i) abbiamo dimostrato l’espressione ampiamente eterogenea del CFTR nei pazienti e nei controlli; ii) abbiamo definito l’effetto di splicing di una mutazione sul gene CFTR; iii) abbiamo valutato l’attività di gating di CFTR in pazienti portatori di differenti mutazioni; iv) abbiamo dimostrato che il butirrato migliora in modo significativo l’espressione di CFTR. I dati provenienti dal nostro studio sperimentale dimostrano che l’uso del modello ex-vivo di cellule epiteliali nasali è un importante e valido strumento di ricerca e di diagnosi nella studio della FC e può anche essere mirato alla sperimentazione ed alla verifica di nuovi farmaci. In definitiva, in base ai nostri dati è possibile esprimere le seguenti conclusioni: 1) il prelievo delle cellule epiteliali nasali mediante brushing è applicabile senza alcuna anestesia ed è ben tollerato da tutti i pazienti affetti da FC (bambini e adulti), è scarsamente invasivo e facilmente ripetibile, è anche in grado di ottenere una sufficiente quantità di HNECs rappresentative, ben conservate, idonee allo studio della funzionalità di CFTR; 2) la conservazione delle cellule prelevate è possibile fino a 48 ore prima che si provveda all’allestimento della coltura e ciò permette di avviare studi multicentrici con prelievi in ogni sede e quindi di ottenere una ampia numerosità campionaria; 3) la coltura di cellule epiteliali nasali può essere considerata un modello adatto a studiare l’effetto molecolare di nuove mutazioni del gene CFTR e/o mutazioni specifiche di pazienti “carriers” dal significato incerto; 4) il modello ex-vivo delle HNECs consente inoltre di valutare, prima dell’impiego nell’uomo, l’effetto di farmaci (potenziatori e/o correttori) sulle cellule di pazienti portatori di mutazioni specifiche di CFTR; tali farmaci possono modulare l’espressione genica del canale CFTR aprendo così nuove frontiere terapeutiche e migliori prospettive di vita per pazienti affetti da una patologia cronica come la Fibrosi Cistica; 5) la metodologia da noi istituita risulta essere idonea alla misura quantitativa, mediante fluorescenza, dell’attività di gating del canale CFTR presente nelle membrane delle cellule epiteliali nasali prelevate da pazienti portatori di differenti genotipi; in tal modo è possibile individuare: a) pazienti FC portatori di 2 mutazioni gravi con un’attività < 10% (in rapporto ai controlli -100%), b) soggetti FC portatori contemporaneamente di una mutazione grave e di una lieve con un’attività tra 10-30%, c) i cosiddetti portatori “carriers”- eterozigoti - con un’attività tra 40-70%. In conclusione la possibilità di misurare l’attività del canale CFTR in HNECs fornisce un importante contributo alla diagnosi di FC, mediante individuazione di un “cut-off diagnostico”, ed anche alla previsione della gravità fenotipica della malattia; quindi quanto rilevabile dalla misura del suddetto canale permette di prospettare per il futuro la possibilità di valutare meglio i pazienti per i quali il test del sudore ha dato risultati ambigui (borderline o negativi). La metodica da noi sperimentata consente anche di monitorare i pazienti durante il trattamento farmacologico, valutando in tal modo i reali effetti delle nuove terapie.
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Alfonso, M., A. Soba, and G. Marshall. "Modeling the behavior of the cell membrane during electroporation using finite element method." Anales AFA 26, no. 4 (January 9, 2016): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2018.26.4.159.

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Suárez Vega, Dubraska Violeta, Gladys Josefina Velazco de Maldonado, and Jenair del Valle Yépez Guillén. "Histomorphometry of bone regeneration obtained with liposome-chitosan membrane system in an experimental model." Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 12–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2017.04(01)12-034.

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Torrenegra, Juan David, Juan Pablo Hernandez-Ortiz, and Jarol Molina. "Modelo mesoscópico de una membrana de intercambio protónico." Revista CINTEX 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33131/24222208.320.

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Se presenta un modelo mesoscópico hibrido continuo discreto, para una membrana de intercambio protónico para una celda de combustible, donde se emplean condiciones de frontera en la dirección similares a las que estaria sometida una membrana si estuviera en una celda en operación, en las direcciones y se consideran condiciones periódicas. Debido a las características hibridas continuo-discreto del modelo permite realizar una representación completa de la electrostática del sistema, además de incluir la morfología estructural de las cadenas poliméricas que genera regiones de dominios iónicos percolados.
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Alvarado Anell, Edgar, and B. I. Arévalo Rivas. "Theoretical and computacional analysis of the fixing of ossicular chain." Nova Scientia 1, no. 1 (November 4, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v1i1.245.

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Presentamos un modelo matemático para describir la dinámica de la membrana timpánica ante una fijación de la cadena osicular. El modelo se ha derivado de la ecuación de onda libre, considerando primero semi-membranas, las cuales resultan de líneas nodales del centro al eje de la membrana. Posteriermente se considera el caso donde sólo hay una línea nodal, la cual modela la región donde está conectado el martillo a la membrana. Se ha usado MAPLE para realizar las simulaciones del modelo, se han observado las vibraciones de la membrana timpánica con la cadena osicular fija. Se muestra que la región donde el martillo se conecta a la membrana permanece fija.
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Sánchez-Vargas, J., and F. J. Valdés-Parada. "Multiscale modeling of a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of oil and grease rendering wastewaters." Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 20, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 911–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/fen2368.

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Brião, Vandré Barbosa, Célia Regina Granhen Tavares, Danúbia Paula Cadore Favaretto, and Marcelo Hemkemeier. "ULTRAFILTRAÇÃO DE EFLUENTE MODELO E EFLUENTE INDUSTRIAL DE LATICÍNIOS." Revista CIATEC-UPF 7, no. 1 (May 19, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/ciatec.v7i1.3367.

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A preocupação com a poluição hídrica tem levado a busca de soluções diferenciadas para o tratamento de efluentes da indústria de laticínios, os quais são gerados em grandes volumes e com alta carga poluidora. O trabalho objetivou aplicar duas diferentes membranas de ultrafiltração para o tratamento de duas amostras de efluentes de laticínios: uma amostra modelo, produzida pela diluição de leite em pé em água; e outra amostra industrial. Avaliou-se a rejeição dos compostos presentes no efluente pelas membranas e o fluxo permeado, comparando o comportamento das membranas para os dois efluentes. Os resultados demonstraram que o efluente modelo apresentou rejeições semelhantes ao efluente industrial para ambas as membranas, removendo DQO acima de 70%, cerca de 97% das proteínas e gorduras acima de 90%. A membrana tubular de PVDF, com diâmetro de corte de 30-80 kDa apresentou um fluxo superior à membrana espiral de PES (diâmetro de corte de 5 kDa) para o efluente modelo e industrial, embora o fluxo permeado com o efluente industrial foi 50% inferior ao efluente modelo, devido maior concentração presença de sólidos suspensos. A ultrafiltração demonstrou ser uma promissora alternativa para o tratamento de efluentes de laticínios.
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Da Matta, Luciana Duarte Martins, Veronica Danielle Santos Ferreira, Rayana Vanessa da Costa Lima, Mateus Vinícius dos Santos Medeiros, Jéssika Karoline Silva do Nascimento, Luciana Guimarães Alves Filgueira, and Giulianna Paiva Viana de Andrade Souza. "Metodologias ativas de aprendizagem utilizando modelo didático como ferramenta educacional para estudar interações moleculares em membranas e matriz extracelular." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 20, no. 2 (September 2, 2022): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v20i2.917.

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Os assuntos membrana e matriz extracelular são de difícil compreensão por parte dos alunos, assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimular os alunos a confeccionar as moléculas constituintes da membrana e da matriz extracelular e a montar um modelo didático a partir delas. A metodologia proposta consistiu em separar a turma em grupos em que, cada grupo, seria responsável pela confecção e exposição para a sala das moléculas (Lipídeos de membrana, integrinas, fibronectina, colágeno, elastina, laminina, ácido hialurônico e proteoglicanos). As moléculas foram apresentadas à turma e os grupos, juntos, montaram a membrana e a matriz apontando a localização das moléculas e suas possíveis interações. Todos os grupos criaram suas moléculas de acordo com as especificações dadas e interagiram positivamente durante a montagem do modelo didático. Consideramos que a atividade atingiu seus objetivos pela construção de um modelo didático facilmente utilizável para a compreensão de tais assuntos.
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Carles Fariña, Montserrat, Constatinos Zamboglou, Tobias Fechter, Selina Kiefer, Kathrin Reichel, Martin Werner, Cordula A. Jilg, et al. "Modelo radiómico con PSMA-PET para la discriminación de pacientes con cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo." Revista de Física Médica 23, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37004/sefm/2022.23.2.002.

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La estimación del puntaje Gleason (PG) en pacientes con cáncer de próstata (PCa) mediante modelos radiómicos es de especial interés por ser una alternativa no invasiva a la biopsia, para estratificar el nivel de riesgo y ayudar en la elección del tratamiento. Nuestro objetivo es estimar el PG mediante un modelo radiómico con imágenes [68Ga]-antígeno de membrana específico de la próstata (PSMA, Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen) de tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET, Positron Emission Tomography). Para la cohorte de entrenamiento (20 pacientes), además de la segmentación manual, se disponía de corregistro histopatológico, que se estableció como segmentación ideal para la confirmación de los resultados. Los modelos radiómicos fueron adicionalmente validados para la segmentación manual en una segunda cohorte (40 pacientes). Se calcularon 133 características radiómicas y primero se evaluó en maniquíes experimentales la dependencia intrínseca con el volumen y con los equipos híbridos de PET y tomografía computarizada (TC) y posteriormente en pacientes, se comparó sus valores dentro y fuera del tumor y la caracterización del PG. Se utilizó la prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, la correlación de Spearman y la regresión logística como métodos de análisis. Los resultados mostraron 50 características radiómicas intrínsecamente independientes del volumen y con capacidad para discriminar el tumor independientemente de la segmentación utilizada. El PG se estratificó (PG < 8 vs PG ≥ 8) mediante una característica radiómica con área-bajo-la-curva (AUC, area-under-the-curve) de 0.91/0.84 (cohorte entrenamiento/validación) y con una firma radiómica (AUC de 0.93/0.78). Nuestros resultados avalan la capacidad del modelo radiómico con 68Ga- PSMA-PET para estratificar el PG en PCa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Membrane Modello"

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Santarsiero, Nicola. "Analisi delle prestazioni di contattori a membrana ceramici per applicazioni di distillazione a membrana con gas di trasporto." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Questo elaborato ha come oggetto di studio l’analisi, dal punto di vista teorico, dei fenomeni di trasporto e delle prestazioni che regolano le operazioni di contattori a membrana, in particolare le SGMD. La configurazione scelta è quella Shell & Tube a fibre cave ceramiche multistrato. A tale scopo, sono stati considerati due differenti tipi di alimentazione: soluzione di acqua e soluto non volatile (NaCl), e soluzione di acqua e VOC (etanolo). La tesi si divide in quattro capitoli. Nel primo capitolo, vengono menzionati i concetti principali dei contattori a membrana e mostrate le quattro configurazioni più note della distillazione a membrana. Il capitolo due è incentrato sullo studio dei fenomeni di trasporto in SGMD, effettuato tramite l'utilizzo del software Matlab. Per i due differenti tipi di alimentazione, vengono mostrati i flussi e le forze motrici del processo, al variare delle condizioni operative. In questo modo, si ha un'idea di quali siano le resistenze controllanti del processo, sia per quanto riguarda il trasporto di calore che per quello di materia. Infine, si esaminano in modo critico, per i due casi distinti, alcune ipotesi semplificative al problema che solitamente vengono applicate in letteratura. Il terzo capitolo si occupa dell’analisi delle performances del modulo, per corrente di gas e liquido in equi-corrente. Viene utilizzato quindi il modello a parametri distribuiti. Per i due casi, si confrontano i risultati ricavati da tale modello con quelli ottenuti con un modello a parametri concentrati (fase perfettamente miscelata); vengono mostrati poi i profili di alcune variabili lungo un ipotetico impianto costituito da moduli di lunghezza fissata. L'ultimo capitolo, relativo alle conclusioni dell'intero elaborato, presenta un grafico che evidenzia le zone di operabilità e di efficienza del processo in funzione della lunghezza dell’impianto, al variare del rapporto tra la velocità del liquido e quella del gas.
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Morgera, Francesca. "Interaction of host defence peptides with model and biological membranes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3486.

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2008/2009
I peptidi in difesa dell’ospite (HDPs) esercitano molteplici ruoli nell’immunità, agendo sia come molecole antimicrobiche ad azione diretta sia come agenti immuno-moduatori. Il ruolo all’interfaccia tra immunità innata ed adattativa li rende molecole ideali per la futura applicazione nel trattamento di malattie infettive. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di valutare le caratteristiche funzionali e strutturali di Catelicidine e Defensine selezionate al fine di correlare queste proprietà con l’ attività selettiva su cellule eucariotiche e procariotiche. Metodi biofisici e biochimici sono stati applicati alla catelicidina umana LL37 ed alcuni analoghi (ortologhi di primate e peptidi artificiali) con lo scopo di studiare la loro struttura e aggregazione in contatto con membrane biologiche e modello (i). Lo stesso approccio è stato anche applicato alle defensine umane hBD2 e 3 ed a loro analoghi. Inoltre, tecniche di microscopia, quali la microscopia a trasmissione elettronica (TEM), la microspettroscopia infrarossa in trasformata di fourier accoppiata ad una sorgente di sicrotrone (µSR-FTIR) e la citofluorimetria, sono state utilizzate in modo complementare al fine di studiare l’interazione a breve termine di hBD2 con cellule presentanti l’antigene, in particolare le cellule dendritiche immature (ii). (i) Lo studio strutturale e l’interazione di membrana di catelicidine ortologhe ci ha permesso di scoprire come l’evoluzione abbia lavorato sulla sequenza dei peptidi inducendo una diversa capacità di strutturare nei diversi ortologhi. Questo ha portato ad un’interazione differenziata e specifica con le membrane e a diversi meccanismi di lisi di membrana cellulare e probabilmente diversi modi di interagire con le cellule dell’ospite. (ii) Inoltre, abbiamo individuato una rapida interazione di hBD2 con le cellule presentanti l’antigene. hBD2 sembra indurre un riarrangiamento generale dei lipidi cellulari che sembra comportare un aumento nella fluidità di membrana e una ri- organizzazione del sistema endomembranoso. Queste variazioni potrebbero essere responsabili di un cambiamento morfologico delle cellule che promuoverebbe la mobilità cellulare in risposta a stimuli esterni. Questo studio dimostra l’esistenza di un posibile meccanismo alternativo di motilità cellulare rispetto alla chemotassi recettore-mediata, indicando un meccanimo di azione di hBD2 sulle iDC più complesso rispetto quanto riportato fino ad oggi.
XXII Ciclo
1980
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Mendanha, Neto Sebastião Antônio. "Interações de terpenos com membranas de eritrócito, fibroblasto, estrato córneo e membrana modelo e interações de uma nanopartícula de ouro com membranas modelo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3993.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The interactions of terpenes with membranes of erythrocyte, fibroblasts, stratum corneum and the model membranes of 1,2-dipalmitoylsn -glycero-3-phosphocholine were investigated by using the the electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopic of lipophilic probes. It has been shown that when added at high concentrations to systems having a high lipid/solvent ratio, terpenes such as 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, (+)-limonene and nerolidol are able to self-stabilize in molecular aggregates which can extract the bilayers lipids. Studies on the hemolytic and cytotoxic potential of various terpenes showed that cell damage caused by these molecules are concentration dependent and that among the studied terpenes, nerolidol and α-terpineol are the most hemolytic and cytotoxic, while (+)-limonene and 1,8-cineole are the least hemolytic and cytotoxic. However, the low correlation between these two tests indicates that the processes involved in each case are not completely dependent. It was also shown that once embedded in the membrane, terpenes increase the fluidity of lipid bilayers and decrease the temperature of the main phase transition. Differences between increased fluidity promoted by sesquiterpene nerolidol and all monoterpenes studied were observed. Meanwhile, in a comparison of the effect of the monoterpenes studied, no significant differences in their ability to increase membrane fluidity were detected. Furthermore, it was demonstrated by using confocal and atomic force microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy that the 1,2-distearoylsn -glycero-3-(Aurora nanoparticles) is better incorporated in lipid membranes under fluid phase and that the addition of 0.1% of these conjugated nanoparticles do not produces large variations in membrane fluidity and no causes substantial morphological changes of lipid bilayers.
As intera¸c˜oes de terpenos com membranas de eritr´ocito, fibroblastos, estrato c´orneo e membrana modelo composta de 1,2-dipalmitoil-sn -glicero-3-fosfocolina foram investigadas por meio das espectroscopias de ressonˆancia paramagn´etica eletrˆ onica e de fluorescˆencia por meio do uso de sondas lipof´ılicas. Foi poss´ıvel demonstrar que quando adicionados em altas concentra¸c˜oes `a sistemas que possuem uma alta rela¸c˜ao lip´ıdio/solvente, terpenos como o 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, (+)-limoneno e nerolidol s˜ao capazes de se estabilizar em agregados moleculares capazes de extrair os lip´ıdios das bicamadas. Estudos sobre o potencial hemol´ıtico e citot´oxico de v´arios terpenos demostraram que os danos celulares causados por estas mol´eculas s˜ao dependentes da concentra¸c˜ao e que dentre os terpenos estudados, nerolidol e terpineol s˜ao os mais hemol´ıticos e citot´oxicos enquanto limoneno e cineol s˜ao os menos hemol´ıticos e citot´oxicos. Entretanto, a baixa correla¸c˜ao entre estes dois testes indica que os processos envolvidos em cada caso n˜ao s˜ao totalmente dependentes. Ficou demonstrado ainda que uma vez incorporados nas membranas, os terpenos aumentam a fluidez das bicamadas lip´ıdicas e diminuem a temperatura de sua transi¸c˜ao de fase principal. Diferen¸cas entre o aumento de fluidez promovido pelo sesquiterpeno nerolidol e por todos os monoterpenos estudados foram verificadas. Contudo, uma compara¸c˜ao entre o efeito dos monoterpenos estudados, n˜ao aponta para diferen¸cas significativas entre suas capacidades de aumento de fluidez. Al´em disso, foi demostrado atrav´es das microscopias confocal e de for¸ca atˆomica e da espectroscopia de fluorescˆencia que a 1,2-distearoil-sn -glicero-3-(Nanopart´ıculas Aurora) ´e melhor incorporada em membranas lip´ıdicas em fase fluida e que a adi¸c˜ao de 0,1% destas nanopart´ıculas conjugadas n˜ao produz grandes varia¸c˜oes na fluidez e n˜ao provoca mudan¸cas morfol´ogicas substanciais das bicamadas lip´ıdicas.
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Josyula, Ratnakar. "Structural studies of yeast mitochondrial peripheral membrane protein TIM44." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/josyula.pdf.

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Pavinatto, Adriana. "Efeito de características estruturais da quitosana sobre sua interação com filmes de Langmuir como modelo de biomembrana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-01032010-133328/.

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As quitosanas são polissacarídeos usados em medicina, farmácia, odontologia e na inibição do crescimento de microrganismos, como agente bactericida. Nessas aplicações sua ação deve depender da interação com membranas celulares, o que é difícil de verificar uma vez que não se isola uma membrana facilmente. Uma alternativa é investigar a interação com modelos de membrana, como um filme de Langmuir de fosfolipídios, a partir do qual é possível obter informações no nível molecular. Nesta dissertação, é avaliada a influência do conteúdo médio de unidades N-acetilglucosamina (GlcNAc) de quitosanas e da massa molecular na interação com filmes de Langmuir do ácido fosfatídico de dipalmitoíla (DMPA). Quitosanas com diferentes graus médios de acetilação e de baixa massa molecular foram produzidas com auxílio de ultrassom de alta intensidade. As quitosanas afetam as isotermas de pressão e potencial de superfície em grandes áreas por molécula, em virtude de interações eletrostáticas e hidrofóbicas com o DMPA. Nos filmes condensados, localizam-se na subsuperfície, com pouco efeito nas isotermas. A quitosana com menos grupos GlcNAc induziu alterações maiores nas isotermas de pressão de superfície e na elasticidade dos filmes, provavelmente devido à maior interação eletrostática com um número maior de grupos amina na quitosana interagindo com as cabeças polares do DMPA. A quitosana com baixa massa molecular foi a mais eficaz para alterar as propriedades dos filmes de DMPA, o que pode ser atribuído à facilidade na adsorção. Um tamanho mínimo de cadeia parece ser essencial, entretanto, pois misturas das unidades repetitivas N-acetilglucosamina (GlcNAc) e glucosamina (GlcN) praticamente não alteraram as isotermas de pressão e a elasticidade dos filmes de DMPA, pela ausência de interações hidrofóbicas. Concluímos que quitosanas com grau de acetilação e massa molecular baixos têm efeitos maiores sobre um modelo de membrana e devem ser mais adequadas em aplicações biológicas que dependam dessa interação.
Chitosans are polysaccharides used in medicine, pharmacy, dentistry and in the inhibition of microorganisms growth (eg. as bactericidal agent). In these applications their action should depend on the interaction with cell membranes, which is difficult to verify because isolating a membrane is not easy. An alternative is to investigate the interaction with membrane models, such as a Langmuir film of phospholipids, from which information on the molecular level can be obtained. This dissertation evaluates the influence of the average content of N-acetylglucosamine units (GlcNAc) of chitosan and molecular interaction with Langmuir films of dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid (DMPA). Chitosans with different average degrees of acetylation and low molecular weight were produced with the high-intensity ultrasound procedure. Chitosans affect the surface pressure and surface potential isotherms at large areas per molecule due to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with DMPA. In condensed films, they are located in the subsurface with little effect on the isotherms. The chitosan with fewer GLcNAc groups induced larger changes in the isotherms and in the film elasticity, probably due to stronger electrostatic interaction owing to a larger number of amine groups in chitosan interacting with the polar heads of DMPA. The most effective sample to induce changes in the DMPA monolayers was the low molecular weight chitosan, which can be attributed to the ease of adsorption. A minimum size chain seems essential, however, for mixtures of repeating units N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) did not change the surface pressure isotherms and the elasticity of the DMPA films, owing to the absence of hydrophobic interactions. We conclude that the chitosan with better prospects for biological applications relying on the cell membrane interaction should have a low degree of acetylation and low molecular weight.
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6

Pazin, Wallance Moreira. "Anisotropia de fluorescência: aplicações em membranas modelo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-26062012-145823/.

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O estudo de agregados anfifílicos é de extrema importância devido à sua mimetização de membranas celulares, que são essenciais para a vida da célula. Sabe-se que os fosfolipídios não possuem estruturas moleculares bem definidas nas membranas, porém exercem um papel essencial na manutenção da sua integridade. Fosfolipídios zwitteriônicos são um dos principais componentes estruturais das membranas celulares, e um modelo simplificado destas membranas são as bicamadas que estes fosfolipídios podem formar em meio aquoso. A principal característica destas bicamadas lipídicas é a auto-organização dos lipídios, fazendo-se necessário o estudo de processos naturais e espontâneos, como suas propriedades estruturais e dinâmicas. A espectroscopia de fluorescência tem sido utilizada no estudo de diversos processos e sistemas de interesse biológico, principalmente por medidas de anisotropia de fluorescência, que fornece informações sobre a dinâmica rotacional das sondas fluorescentes inseridas nos sistemas de interesse, refletindo efeitos combinados de flexibilidade, fluidez e interações estáticas com moléculas circundantes. Neste trabalho examinamos as propriedades estruturais e dinâmicas de membranas modelo fosfolipídicas formadas de 1,2-dipalmitoil-sn-glicero-3-fosfocolina (DPPC) por técnicas relacionadas à espectroscopia de fluorescência, principalmente por medidas de anisotropia do estado estacionário e resolvida no tempo, das sondas fluorescentes 1,6-diphenil-1,3,5-hexatrieno (DPH), 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-il (NBD) ligado em diferentes regiões das moléculas fosfolipídicas e também da sonda lipofílica 2-amino-N-hexadecil-benzamida (Ahba). As medidas foram realizadas tanto acima como abaixo da temperatura de transição de fase das bicamadas fosfolipídicas de DPPC, na fase gel e líquido-cristalina, devido à diferença da organização lateral das cadeias de hidrocarboneto nestas duas fases. Medidas de espalhamento dinâmico de luz foram realizadas para confirmar a formação das vesículas unilamelares pelo processo de extrusão da suspensão lipídica contendo vesículas multilamelares, e a técnica de calorimetria diferencial de varredura foi empregada para verificar se baixa concentração das sondas fluorescentes nas vesículas afetam seu empacotamento lipídico. Pelos resultados obtidos, constatamos que os comportamentos das três sondas fluorescentes diferem em ambas as fases das bicamadas fosfolipídicas, revelando suas propriedades estruturais e dinâmicas, principalmente pelas diferentes localizações dos fluoróforos. Verificamos que, devido à afinidade pela região hidrofóbica, o movimento do DPH é restrito ao movimento \"wobbling\", limitado pelas cadeias alifáticas. Para o NBD em lipídios marcados, o movimento do análogo fluorescente como um todo depende da localização do fluoróforo e de sua conformação em ambas as fases das bicamadas lipídicas. Devido à localização do grupo fluorescente da sonda Ahba na interface das bicamadas lipídicas, verificamos que seu movimento rotacional aumenta à medida que a bicamada torna-se mais fluida, mostrando uma dependência deste movimento com a microviscosidade destas bicamadas.
The study of amphiphilic aggregates is extremely important due to their cell membrane mimic, which are essential for the life of the cell. It is known that phospholipids do not have molecular structure well defined in membranes, but play an essential role in maintaining of their integrity. Zwitterionic phospholipids are one of the main components of cell membranes, and a simplified model for the membranes are the bilayers they can form in aqueous medium. The main characteristic of lipid bilayers is the self-organization of lipids, making it necessary to study natural and spontaneous process, as their structural and dynamical properties. The fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to study many processes and systems of biological interest, especially by measurement of fluorescence anisotropy, which gives information about the rotational dynamics of the fluorescent probe inserted in the systems of interest, reflecting the combined effects of flexibility, fluidity and static interactions with surrounding molecules. In this work we examined the structural and dynamic properties of phospholipid model membranes formed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline DPPC by techniques related to fluorescence spectroscopy, mainly by measurements of steady-state and time resolved anisotropy of the probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-yl (NBD) attached to different regions of phospholipid molecules and also the lipophilic probe 2-amino-N-hexadecyl-benzamide (Ahba). The measurements were perfomed above and below of the phase transition temperature of the phospholipid bilayers of DPPC, gel and liquid-crystalline phase, due to the difference in the lateral organization of hydrocarbon chains in these two phases. Measures of dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed to confirm the formation of the unilamellar vesicles by extrusion of lipid suspension containing multilamellar vesicles, and the technique of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to verify if the low concentration of fluorescent probes in lipid vesicles affect its packing. From the results, we found that the behavior of the three different fluorescent probes differ in both phases of phospholipid bilayers, revealing their structural and dynamic properties, mainly because to specific locations of the fluorophores. We verify that, due to the affinity for the hydrophobic region, the motion of the DPH is restricted to the \"wobbling\" motion, limited by hydrocarbon chains. For the NBD labeled in lipids, the motion of the fluorescent analogues as a whole depends on the location of the fluorophore and on the lipid conformation in both phases of lipid bilayers. Because of the location of the fluorescent group of the probe Ahba in the interface of lipid bilayers, we found that its rotational motion increases as the bilayers becomes more fluid, showing a dependency of the motion with the microviscosity of these bilayers.
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Seminerio, Davide. "Modellazione e controllo di un sistema a celle a combustibile di tipo PEM." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Le celle a combustibile sono dispositivi elettrochimici che convertono l’energia chimica di un combustibile gassoso in elettricità. Questa tecnologia sta assumendo un ruolo sempre più importante nello sviluppo futuro dello scenario energetico, essendo una soluzione alternativa e rinnovabile di produzione di energia elettrica. Un sistema fuel cell è composto da diversi sottosistemi che interagiscono tra di loro e la risposta del FCS (Fuel Cell System) dipende dall’alimentazione di aria e idrogeno, dalla regolazione dei flussi e delle pressioni, dalla gestione del calore e dell’acqua. In questo elaborato viene presentato un modello dinamico adatto alla comprensione del comportamento del sistema e allo studio del sistema di controllo. Il modello è stato sviluppato in ambiente Simulink, dove vengono inclusi i fenomeni transitori della dinamica dei flussi dei reagenti, l’inerzia del compressore, la dinamica di riempimento del collettore e l’umidità della membrana. La tecnica di controllo utilizzata, si basa su un classico controllo in retroazione (feedback) e in avanti(feed-forward) che utilizza un controllo proporzionale e integrativo (PI). La strategia di controllo viene applicata al flusso di ossigeno in ingresso al catodo e alla portata dell’idrogeno in ingresso all’anodo
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Eineljung, Lars. "Modell av det basilära membranet." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3370.

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Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det är möjligt att bygga en modell över innerörat med dess basilära membran. Om detta skulle visa sig vara möjligt, är nästa frågeställning hur en sådan modell skulle kunna fungera pedagogiskt och uppfattas av elever.

Modellen som arbetet lett fram till är konstruerad som en låda, gjord av plexiglas, vilken skall motsvara en utrullad hörselsnäcka. Som membran har en uppsättning gummiband använts. Vidare aktiveras modellen med hjälp av en högtalare som får motsvara örats trumhinna. Det har visat sig att modellens membran beter sig på ett sätt som liknar det basilära membranet i hörselsnäckan. De vibrationer som bildas på modellens membran förflyttar sig, beroende på inkommande frekvens. Detta förlopp sker även på det basilära membranet.

Modellen har testats på en niondeklass som har fått utföra laborationer med hjälp av modellen. Eleverna har observerats under arbetet och har efter laborationen fått skriva en utvärdering, i form av en laborationsrapport och en enkätundersökning. Observation och utvärdering visar att modellen har ett pedagogiskt värde, men att det krävs förkunskaper inom området för att laborationen med modellen skall bli ett givande medel för inlärning.

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9

MANZO, GIORGIA. "Host Defence Peptides (HDPs): investigating the structure-to-function relationship through bio-physical techniques." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266428.

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During last decades, more and more microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics were isolated while few new antimicrobial drugs were developed. The urgent need for novel efficient antibiotics led a great attention on cationic host defense peptides (HDP) since their discovery in 1980s. The role of these molecules in the defense of organism against pathogens attack, together with their high selectivity for bacterial cells over the eukaryotic ones, made them attractive candidates for the development of a new class of antimicrobial drugs. At present, a vast range of both natural and synthetic HDPs sequences are reported in the literature but they still present remarkable limitations to an effective applicability in vivo, such as the high sensitivity to proteases and strong activity reduction in the presence of physiological electrolytes concentration. A lot of effort have been put into improving their pharmacokinetics in order to develop new antimicrobial drugs based on their sequences. The present Ph.D. work is focused on the elucidation of the structure-to-function relationships of three different peptides, chosen as representative of different HDP categories. Esculentin-1b(1-18) is the ‘classic’ natural antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Plasticin-L1, is an immunomodulatory peptide devoid of direct bactericidal activity, and a group of four synthetic peptide analogues based on a semi-synthetic dendrimeric and lipidated peptide called SB056. The latter, in particular, represent an innovative class of peptides, whose structural features, three-dimensional folding and mode of action are absolutely peculiar and almost completely unknown before this project started. The interesting and multidisciplinary field of HDPs is presented in the first chapter. The origins, the structural features and the modes of action proposed for these compounds in the literature are briefly summarized. A brief excursus on the limits of their applicability in the clinical practice and the strategies adopted to overcome this issue is also included. In the second chapter, all the materials, the methods and experimental protocols are described, going from typical biological assays to biophysical methods.. The main technique used to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the peptides, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is described in more detail. The computational tools used in concert with the NMR data are also described. The chapters 3, 4 and 5 are devoted to the results and discussion of the studies performed on the three aforementioned peptides. Esculentin-1b(1-18) is the 18-mer Nterminal fragment of the peptide esculentin-1b, which was isolated from the granular skin secretions of the European frog Pelophylax lessonae/ridibundus. It is presented in the Chapter 3. The next chapter is dedicated to the studies performed on Plasticin-L1, a 25 amino acid residue peptide isolated from the skin secretions of the South-American Santa Fe frog Leptodactylus laticeps (Leptodactylidae). In Chapter 5 the extensive and challenging work on the four SB056 analogs is reported. Among various scientific collaborations, it has to be emphasized that part of the study on the SB056 peptides was performed in the prof. A.S. Ulrich’s labs at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, where I personally spent a 6 months stage. Finally, in the last chapter, which is devoted to the main conclusions, a general overview of the results is given, highlighting the advance gained in the field of the HDPs and presenting possible outlooks for further peptides improvement
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Buzzá, Hilde Harb. "Avaliação da terapia fotodinâmica em um modelo tumoral em membrana corioalantóica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-12042016-151204/.

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A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) é um tratamento alternativo de câncer que vem tendo grandes avanços ao longo dos anos e consiste na interação entre luz e uma substância fotossensibilizadora, levando à transformação do oxigênio molecular em oxigênio singleto, altamente reativo e tóxico para a célula. Nesse contexto, o uso do modelo de Membrana Corioalantóica (CAM, do inglês Chorioallantoic Membrane) fornece acesso direto aos vasos sanguíneos, possibilitando o estudo dos efeitos vasculares envolvidos nessa terapia. O desenvolvimento de um tumor nesse ambiente previamente vascularizado permite o estudo e o entendimento dos mecanismos que envolvem o crescimento e destruição do tumor, levando ao aperfeiçoamento de diferentes modalidades terapêuticas. As células tumorais empregadas para o desenvolvimento do tumor podem ser de diversas linhagens e formas de aplicação, desde culturas celulares a biópsias tumorais. O objetivo principal foi investigar a terapia fotodinâmica nos vasos e nas células neoplásicas em um modelo de tumor em CAM. Com esse modelo estudado para células tumorais de melanoma e Ehrlich, foi escolhido trabalhar com tumor de Erlich pela facilidade de manuseio laboratorial. Por meio da microscopia confocal de fluorescência, foi observada a interação entre os vasos sanguíneos e as células tumorais. Com imagens por fluorescência, foi possível entender e quantificar o efeito individualizado dos fotossensibilizadores, incluindo a farmacodinâmica do Photogem® e da formação da protoporfirina IX a partir do ALA, tanto com aplicação tópica como intravenosa. A partir disso, o tumor foi irradiado e os efeitos da terapia fotodinâmica foram analisados tanto no tumor quanto nos vasos sanguíneos que o alimentam. Usando ainda a curcumina, um fotossensibilizador derivado do açafrão, que sozinho possui um efeito vascular, foi aplicada a Terapia Fotodinâmica para análise na membrana corioalantóica e efeito nos vasos sanguíneos. O entendimento desse efeito da curcumina permite a ampliação de seu uso como fotossensibilizador no tratamento de câncer e doenças vasculares. Portanto, com o modelo estabelecido foi possível acompanhar os fotossensibilizadores estudados tanto nos vasos sanguíneos e sua ação, como a diferente atuação no ambiente tumoral, causando dano às células do tumor e aos vasos sanguíneos do mesmo ambiente.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that has had great advances over the years and consists in the interaction between light and a photosensitizer compound, transforming the molecular oxygen in singlet oxygen, highly reactive and toxic to the cell. In this context, the use of Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) enables direct access to blood vessels, making possible to study the vascular effects involved in this therapy. The development of a tumor in this environment previously vascularized allows the study and the understanding of mechanisms that involves the growing and the destruction of tumor, improving different therapeutic modalities. The tumor cells used to develop the tumor in this model can be from several lines and ways of application, since cell culture to biopsy of some tumor. The main objective was investigating PDT in blood vessels and neoplasic cells in the tumor model in CAM. With this model studied for melanoma cells and Ehrlich, it was chosen to work with Ehrlich tumor because its facility of laboratory manipulation. After the observation the interaction between blood vessels and tumor cells, with confocal microscopy analysis, it was possible to understand and quantify the individualized effect of photosensitizers, including the pharmacodynamic of Photogem® and the Protoporphyrin IX from Aminolevulinic acid, both topic and intravenous application. From this, the tumor was illuminated and the Photdynamic Therapy effects was analyzed both tumor and blood vessels that feeds it. Still using the curcumin, photosensitizer derivated of saffron which has alone a vascular effect, was applied PDT to analysis on the Chorioallantoic Membrane and the blood vessels effect. The understanding of this effect of curcumin enables the extension of its useful as photosensitizer in the cancer treatment and vascular diseases. Therefore, with the model established, it was possible to follow all PS studying both their action in blood vessels and in the tumor region, causing damage.
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Books on the topic "Membrane Modello"

1

Les modèles moléculaires de biomembranes. Paris: Hermann, 1987.

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H, Templer Richard, Leatherbarrow Robin, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Biophysical Chemistry Group., eds. Biophysical chemistry: Membranes and proteins. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.

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1957-, Layton Harold Erick, and Weinstein Alan M, eds. Membrane transport and renal physiology. New York: Springer, 2002.

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1932-, Osa Tetsuo, and Atwood J. L, eds. Inclusion aspects of membrane chemistry. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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U, Raess B., and Tunnicliff Godfrey, eds. The Red cell membrane: A model for solute transport. Clifton, N.J: Humana Press, 1989.

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Gao, Fei. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells modeling. London: ISTE, 2011.

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Norbert, Latruffe, Federation of European Biochemical Societies., and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), eds. Dynamics of membrane proteins and cellular energetics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Frishman, Dmitrij. Structural bioinformatics of membrane proteins. Wien: Springer, 2010.

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1948-, Mrak Robert E., ed. Muscle membranes in diseases of muscle. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1985.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Physical Methods on Biological Membranes and Their Model Systems (1982 Altavilla Milicia, Italy). Physical methods on biological membranes and their model systems. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Membrane Modello"

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Nicolescu, Radu. "Structured Grid Algorithms Modelled with Complex Objects." In Membrane Computing, 321–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28475-0_22.

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Manca, Vincenzo, and Luca Marchetti. "Goldbeter’s Mitotic Oscillator Entirely Modeled by MP Systems." In Membrane Computing, 273–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18123-8_22.

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Raff, Manfred. "Stofftransport-Modelle über Membranen." In Membranverfahren bei künstlichen Organen, 15–32. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28053-6_3.

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Meisenheimer, Wolfgang. "Modelle für Netzwerke und Membranen." In Modelle als Denkräume, Beispiele und Ebenbilder, 332–35. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20115-9_75.

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Zhang, Gexiang, Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez, Augustín Riscos-Núñes, Sergey Verlan, Savas Konur, Thomas Hinze, and Marian Gheorghe. "Introduction." In Membrane Computing Models: Implementations, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1566-5_1.

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Zhang, Gexiang, Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez, Augustín Riscos-Núñes, Sergey Verlan, Savas Konur, Thomas Hinze, and Marian Gheorghe. "P Systems Implementation on P-Lingua Framework." In Membrane Computing Models: Implementations, 11–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1566-5_2.

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Zhang, Gexiang, Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez, Augustín Riscos-Núñes, Sergey Verlan, Savas Konur, Thomas Hinze, and Marian Gheorghe. "P Systems Implementation on GPUs." In Membrane Computing Models: Implementations, 163–215. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1566-5_6.

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Zhang, Gexiang, Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez, Augustín Riscos-Núñes, Sergey Verlan, Savas Konur, Thomas Hinze, and Marian Gheorghe. "P Systems Implementation on FPGA." In Membrane Computing Models: Implementations, 217–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1566-5_7.

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Zhang, Gexiang, Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez, Augustín Riscos-Núñes, Sergey Verlan, Savas Konur, Thomas Hinze, and Marian Gheorghe. "Applications of Software Implementations of P Systems." In Membrane Computing Models: Implementations, 31–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1566-5_3.

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Zhang, Gexiang, Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez, Augustín Riscos-Núñes, Sergey Verlan, Savas Konur, Thomas Hinze, and Marian Gheorghe. "Applications of Hardware Implementation of P Systems." In Membrane Computing Models: Implementations, 245–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1566-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Membrane Modello"

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Salamanca, Jacobo M., and Fernando Tadeo. "Energía osmótica: modelado y simulación de ósmosis por presión retardada." In Actas de las XXXVII Jornadas de Automática 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2016, Madrid. Universidade da Coruña, Servizo de Publicacións, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498081.0616.

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En este trabajo se desarrollan modelos matemáticos y procedimientos de simulación para procesos de Ósmosis por Presión Retardada (PRO) empleando membranas planas. Los modelos publicados por la comunidad científica no consideran las desviaciones de las variables del proceso a lo largo de la membrana. La finalidad de este trabajo de modelado y simulación es reproducir de forma fidedigna el efecto de las principales variables y parámetros del proceso en el rendimiento global con vistas a su potencial control.
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Yang, E. H., Y. Hishinuma, J. Su, T. B. Xu, R. Morgan, and Z. Chang. "Active Membrane Using Electrostructure Graft Elastomer for Deployable and Lightweight Mirrors." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43541.

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An important requirement enabling future space missions is the availability of very large, deployed, re-configurable apertures for high-resolution imaging. Membrane-based architectures have the potential for very low aerial densities, which will enable large aperture space telescopes. Two major requirements for considering large apertures are: 1) a high degree of surface control coupled with a low-mass deployable capability and 2) an optical quality membrane mirror technology. Current state-of-the-art deployable aperture technologies have significant limitations in their ability to correct the surface figure following deployment. In this paper, a controlled deformation of silicon membrane mirrors using electroactive polymer has been demonstrated to overcome these limitations. We have designed, modeled, and fabricated Electrostrictive Graft Elastomer (G-elastomer)-based bi-layer membranes. The bi-layer mirror membranes maintain a good working condition after thermal cyclic tests, performed at temperatures between −50 °C and 150 °C. G-elastomer provides means to drive and control the deflection and curvature of reflective membranes. Several G-elastomer-based bi-layer structures have been optically characterized. This concept can be scaled to a deployable ultra-large mirror with a self-reconfiguration capability.
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Lolies, T., N. Gourdain, M. Charlotte, and H. Belloc. "Wall Modeled Immersed Boundary Lattice Boltzmann Method for the Fluid-Structure Interaction of Ram-Air Parachutes and Paragliders." In 10th edition of the conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/membranes.2021.037.

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Kumar, Karthik, Ali Besharatian, Luis P. Bernal, Rebecca L. Peterson, and Khalil Najafi. "A Multiphysics Reduced Order Model of Valve Pumping in a 4-Stage Vacuum Micropump." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87681.

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Micro pumps are required in gas chromatographs and other gas analysis systems. Thermodynamic and reduced order models reported in the literature consider only the deflection of pumping membranes which is insufficient to study the performance characteristics of more complicated multistage peristaltic pumps with multiple coupled chambers, active checkerboard valves and single or multiple electrodes for actuating the pumping membranes and valves. Specifically the volume displaced by the valves membranes can be significant compared to the volume displaced by the pumping membranes. In this paper a multiphysics model is extended to include the effect of valves as well the pump membranes deflections. The viscous losses in the flow through the valves are modeled using CFD while the structural behavior of the membrane is modeled using COMSOL in quasi-steady analyses and the results incorporated into the multiphysics unsteady reduced-order model. The model is validated by comparing computed flow-rate as a function of frequency with experimental results for a 4-stage micropump which are found to be within 7%. At a high flow rate condition the model results show that for a 4-stage pump the deflection of the valves significantly affects the performance of the pump.
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González, Marina, Marco Granero, and Mariana Baroni. "ESTUDO DA DINÂMICA DA MEMBRANA NEURAL ATRAVÉS DE UM MODELO MATEMÁTICO (MODELO HODGKIN HUXLEY)." In IX Simpósio de Engenharia Biomédica. Uberlândia - MG, Brazil: Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/seb-2016-53332.

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Solasi, Roham, Xinyu Huang, Yue Zou, Matthew Feshler, Kenneth Reifsnider, and David Condit. "Mechanical Response of 3-Layered MEA During RH and Temperature Variation Based on Mechanical Properties Measured Under Controlled T and RH." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97094.

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Mechanical fracture of Nafion® membrane limits the life of PEM FC stacks. This is likely a result of gradual strength degradation and mechanical stress/strain transients induced by the cycling relative humidity (RH). Mechanical properties of Nafion® membrane strongly depend on water content. The objectives of the authors’ work are (1) to understand the fundamental mechanical behavior of an ionomer membrane, i.e., Nafion®, as a function of RH and (2) to develop physically meaningful models to perform stress/strain analysis of membrane electrode assemblies under RH and temperature variations. To characterize the mechanical response of an ionomer as a function of temperature and relative humidity, an environment chamber capable of generating temperatures from 25 to 100 degrees Centigrade and relative humidities from 5 to 85 percent was designed and built. An electromechanical membrane test (load) frame was mounted as an integral part of the system. An optical strain measurement device was used to record axial extension and lateral contraction of the membrane specimens without contact. Extensive mechanical tests on a commercial ionomer membrane were conducted under carefully controlled hydration and temperature. Fully nonlinear, fully anisotropic elasto-plastic constitutive representation of this ionomer material was obtained as function of temperature and RH. Water content significantly affects the elastic modulus of the membranes. Experimental data show that the elastic modulus of the membrane continuously increases up to about twice the original value during dry out. Such has been taken into account in order to accurately model the stress/strain history of the membrane during dry-out. The collected experiment data were represented in material constitutive models for use in a finite element code, ABAQUS. A 3-layer membrane electrode assembly (MEA) structure has been modeled to observe stress/strain distribution during RH and T cycling. Non-uniform electrode/membrane interfaces have been modeled as well as uniform sections to see the effects of geometric irregularities on the extreme values of stress and strain.
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Lykotrafitis, George, and He Li. "Two-Component Coarse-Grain Model for Erythrocyte Membrane." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62133.

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Biological membranes are vital components of living cells as they function to maintain the structural integrity of the cells. Red blood cell (RBC) membrane comprises the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton network. The lipid bilayer consists of phospholipids, integral membrane proteins, peripheral proteins and cholesterol. It behaves as a 2D fluid. The cytoskeleton is a network of spectrin tetramers linked at the actin junctions. It is connected to the lipid bilayer primarily via Band-3 and ankyrin proteins. In this paper, we introduce a coarse-grained model with high computational efficiency for simulating a variety of dynamic and topological problems involving erythrocyte membranes. Coarse-grained agents are used to represent a cluster of lipid molecules and proteins with a diameter on the order of lipid bilayer thickness and carry both translational and rotational freedom. The membrane cytoskeleton is modeled as a canonical exagonal network of entropic springs that behave as Worm-Like-Chains (WLC). By simultaneously invoking these characteristics, the proposed model facilitates simulations that span large length-scales (∼ μm) and time-scales (∼ ms). The behavior of the model under shearing at different rates is studied. At low strain rates, the resulted shear stress is mainly due to the spectrin network and it shows the characteristic non-linear behavior of entropic networks, while the viscosity of the fluid-like lipid bilayer contributes to the resulting shear stress at higher strain rates. The apparent ease of this model in combining the spectrin network with the lipid bilayer presents a major advantage over conventional continuum methods such as finite element or finite difference methods for cell membranes.
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Mamouri, Sina Jahangiri, Volodymyr V. Tarabara, and André Bénard. "A Wall Film Model for Membrane Fouling." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83298.

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Deoiling of produced or impaired waters associated with oil and gas production represents a significant challenge for many companies. Centrifugation, air flotation, and hydrocyclone separation are the current methods of oil removal from produced water [1], however the efficiency of these methods decreases dramatically for droplets smaller than approximately 15–20 μm. More effective separation of oil-water mixtures into water and oil phases has the potential to both decrease the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry and improve human well-being in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico. New membrane separation processes and design of systems with advanced flow management offer tremendous potential for improving oil-water separation efficacy. However, fouling is a major challenge in membrane separation [2]. In this study, the behavior of oil droplets and their interaction with crossflow filtration (CFF) membranes (including membrane fouling) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A model for film formation on a membrane surface is proposed for the first time to simulate film formation on membrane surfaces. The bulk multiphase flow is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. A wall film is developed from mass and momentum balances [3] and implemented to model droplet deposition and membrane surface blockage. The model is used to predict film formation and subsequent membrane fouling, and allow to estimate the actual permeate flux. The results are validated using available experimental data.
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Creasy, M. Austin, and Donald J. Leo. "Modeling Bilayer Systems as Electrical Networks." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3791.

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Bilayers are synthetically made cell membranes that are used to study cell membrane properties or make functional devices that use the properties of the cell membrane components. Lipids and proteins are two of the main components of a cell membrane. Lipids are amphiphilic molecules that can self assemble into organized structures in the presences of water and this self assembly property can be used to form bilayers. Because of the amphiphilic nature of the lipids, a bilayer is impermeable to ion flow. Proteins are the active structures of a cell membrane that opens pores through the membrane for ions and other molecules to pass. Proteins are made from amino acids and have varying properties that depend on its configuration. Some proteins are activated by reactions (chemical, thermal, etc) or gradients induced across the bilayer. One way of testing bilayers to find bilayer properties is to induce a potential gradient across a membrane that induces ion flow and this flow can be measured as an electrical current. But, these pores may be voltage gated or activated by some other stimuli and therefore cannot be modeled as a linear conductor. Usually the conductance of the protein is a nonlinear function of the input that activates the protein. A small system that consists of a single bilayer and protein with few changing components can be easily modeled, but as systems become larger with multiple bilayers, multiple variables, and multiple proteins, the models will become more complex. This paper looks at how to model a system of multiple bilayers and the peptide alamethicin. An analytical expression for this peptide is used to match experimental data and a short study on the sensitivity of the variables is performed.
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Sirota, Lea, and Yoram Halevi. "A Combined Modal-Wave Based Control of Membranes Using Irrational Transfer Functions." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7628.

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This paper considers the development of closed loop regulation algorithm for membranes, based on the traveling wave approach. The membrane is modeled by a combination of modal decomposition in one spatial axis and transfer functions in the other. The transfer functions are irrational and are shown to represent the wave motion in the system. A dedicated closed loop control algorithm is designed to eliminate the wave reflections in the control axis, achieving by this attenuation of external disturbances. The resulting controllers are irrational as well, and approximations are used to implement them.
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Reports on the topic "Membrane Modello"

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Marquart, Grant. Biomimetic Model Membranes to Study Protein-membrane Interactions and their Role in Alzheimer?s Disease. Portland State University Library, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.154.

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Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.

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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
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Villa, Daniel, Charles Morrow, Johan Vanneste, Emily Gustafson, NREL Sertac Akar, Craig Turchi, and Tzahi Cath. Multi-configuration Membrane Distillation Model (MCMD). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489619.

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Shirley, David Noyes, Thomas W. Hunt, W. Michael Brown, Joseph S. Schoeniger, Alexander Slepoy, Kenneth L. Sale, Malin M. Young, Jean-Loup Michel Faulon, and Genetha Anne Gray. Model-building codes for membrane proteins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920776.

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Hurst, J. K. [Membrane-based photochemical systems as models for photosynthetic cells]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6675105.

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Das, Digendra K. Enhancement of the Computational Efficiency of Membrane Computing Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469153.

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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.

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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
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Sieder, Isolde. Electrostatic Interactions at Membrane-water Interfaces and Distribution of 2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol in a Membrane Model System. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6963.

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Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Nanobiohybrids: New Model Systems for Membranes and Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427213.

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Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Nanobiohybrids: New Model Systems for Membranes and Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434611.

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