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Liu, Yunxia, Honghai Liu, and Zhongrong Shen. "Nanocellulose Based Filtration Membrane in Industrial Waste Water Treatment: A Review." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185398.
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In the field of industrial wastewater treatment, membrane separation technology, as an emerging separation technology, compared with traditional separation technology such as precipitation, adsorption, and ion exchange, has advantages in separation efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, simple operation, and no secondary pollution. The application has been expanding in recent years, but membrane fouling and other problems have seriously restricted the development of membrane technology. Natural cellulose is one of the most abundant resources in nature. In addition, nanocellulose has characteristics of high strength and specific surface area, surface activity groups, as well as being pollution-free and renewable, giving it a very wide development prospect in many fields, including membrane separation technology. This paper reviews the current status of nanocellulose filtration membrane, combs the widespread types of nanocellulose and its derivatives, and summarizes the current application of cellulose in membrane separation. In addition, for the purpose of nanocellulose filtration membrane in wastewater treatment, nanocellulose membranes are divided into two categories according to the role in filtration membrane: the application of nanocellulose as membrane matrix material and as a modified additive in composite membrane in wastewater treatment. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of inorganic ceramic filtrations and nanocellulose filtrations are compared, and the application trend of nanocellulose in the filtration membrane direction is summarized and discussed.
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Mulinari, Jéssica, Diane Rigo, Carolina Elisa Demaman Oro, Alessandra Cristina de Meneses, Guilherme Zin, Rafael Vidal Eleutério, Marcus Vinícius Tres, and Rogério Marcos Dallago. "Multienzyme Immobilization on PVDF Membrane via One-Step Mussel-Inspired Method: Enhancing Fouling Resistance and Self-Cleaning Efficiency." Membranes 14, no. 10 (September 27, 2024): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14100208.
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Immobilizing different enzymes on membranes can result in biocatalytic active membranes with a self-cleaning capacity toward a complex mixture of foulants. The membrane modification can reduce fouling and enhance filtration performance. Protease, lipase, and amylase were immobilized on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membranes using a polydopamine coating in a one-step method. The concentrations of polydopamine precursor and enzymes were optimized during the immobilization. The higher hydrolytic activities were obtained using 0.2 mg/mL of dopamine hydrochloride and 4 mg/mL of enzymes: 0.90 mgstarch/min·cm2 for amylase, 10.16 nmoltyrosine/min·cm2 for protease, and 20.48 µmolp-nitrophenol/min·cm2 for lipase. Filtration tests using a protein, lipid, and carbohydrate mixture showed that the modified membrane retained 41%, 29%, and 28% of its initial water permeance (1808 ± 39 L/m2·h·bar) after three consecutive filtration cycles, respectively. In contrast, the pristine membrane (initial water permeance of 2016 ± 40 L/m2·h·bar) retained only 23%, 12%, and 8%. Filtrations of milk powder solution were also performed to simulate dairy industry wastewater: the modified membrane maintained 28%, 26%, and 26% of its initial water permeance after three consecutive filtration cycles, respectively, and the pristine membrane retained 34%, 21%, and 7%. The modified membrane showed increased fouling resistance against a mixture of foulants and presented a similar water permeance after three cycles of simulated dairy wastewater filtration. Membrane fouling is reduced by the immobilized enzymes through two mechanisms: increased membrane hydrophilicity (evidenced by the reduced water contact angle after modification) and the enzymatic hydrolysis of foulants as they accumulate on the membrane surface.
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Szwast, Maciej, and Teresa Suchecka. "Membranes: Improving batch membrane filtration." Filtration + Separation 50, no. 2 (March 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(13)70080-6.
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Sutherland, Ken. "Membrane filtration: What's new in membrane filtration?" Filtration & Separation 46, no. 5 (September 2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(09)70193-4.
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Dixit, Mandar. "Membranes and filtration: Membrane filtration in the biopharm industry." Filtration & Separation 45, no. 8 (October 2008): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(08)70294-5.
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Klyuchnikov, A. I., D. A. Kazartsev, S. V. Zhukovskaya, M. V. Babayeva, and D. V. Klyuchnikova. "ADAPTATION OF THE MICROFILTRATION PROCESS TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF BEER FILTERING." Agro-Industrial Technologies of Central Russia 4, no. 30 (December 2023): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2023-30-20-30.
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This article discusses the prospects for the process of membrane filtration of beer with a dead-end and flow-through organization scheme in order to increase the colloidal and biological stability of the drink. The main advantages and disadvantages of organizing the process of membrane filtration of beer using a dead-end and flow-through scheme are presented, machine and hardware diagrams of filtration processes based on mem-brane cartridges that implement the mechanism of dead-end microfiltration and tubular ceramic membranes that implement a flow-through scheme of product separation are given, and areas of application of membrane filtration in the brewery are indicated. industry, in particular, to isolate marketable beer from lager sludge. Special attention is paid to the results of experimental studies of membrane filtration of beer with a dead-end and flow-through process organization using polymer membranes, the positive effect of using membrane fil-tration in beer filtration technology is shown, physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic quality in-dicators of beer samples clarified by membrane filtration with Using polymer membranes with different po-rosities, the maximum biological stability of the drink during storage is achieved. The main problems of mass adaptation of the membrane filtration process to technological processes of beer filtration at brewing industry enterprises and ways of their possible resolution are considered.
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Scott, K., A. J. Mahmood, R. J. Jachuck, and B. Hu. "Intensified membrane filtration with corrugated membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 173, no. 1 (July 2000): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00327-6.
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Manzoor, Saher, Faheem Qasim, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Nimra Tariq, Agustín L. Herrera-May, and Enrique Delgado-Alvarado. "Simulation and Analysis of Anodized Aluminum Oxide Membrane Degradation." Sensors 23, no. 24 (December 13, 2023): 9792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23249792.
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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based filter with microchannels enables the removal of various microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, from fluids. Membranes with porous channels can be used as filtration interfaces in MEMS hemofilters or mini-dialyzers. The main problems associated with the filtration process are optimization of membrane geometry and fouling. A nanoporous aluminum oxide membrane was fabricated using an optimized two-step anodization process. Computational strength modeling and analysis of the membrane with specified parameters were performed using the ANSYS structural module. A fuzzy simulation was performed for the numerical analysis of flux through the membrane. The membrane was then incorporated with the prototype for successive filtration. The fluid flux and permeation analysis of the filtration process have been studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of membranes have been obtained before and after the filtration cycles. The SEM results indicate membrane fouling after multiple cycles, and thus the flux is affected. This type of fabricated membrane and setup are suitable for the separation and purification of various fluids. However, after several filtration cycles, the membrane was degraded. It requires a prolonged chemical cleaning. High-density water has been used for filtration purposes, so this MEMS-based filter can also be used as a mini-dialyzer and hemofilter in various applications for filtration. Such a demonstration also opens up a new strategy for maximizing filtration efficiency and reducing energy costs for the filtration process by using a layered membrane setup.
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Leiviskä, T., and J. Rämö. "Investigation of multimodal zeta potential and size distribution in chemical pulp process water." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.770.
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Multimodal zeta potential distribution in chemical birch pulp process water was studied by filtrating the water into fractions and subsequently measuring zeta potential, charge quantity, turbidity and organic substances. Filtrations were made using 12 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.2 μm, 0.45 μm and 0.1 μm membranes. The number of populations with different zeta potentials diminished with filtration. With the unfiltrated water, 12 μm and 1.6 μm filtrates, three or four different zeta potentials were observed. When the filtration was performed with a 1.2 μm membrane or smaller, only two populations of different zeta potentials were detected. The charge quantity steadily approached zero from unfiltrated water towards a 1.6 μm fraction filtrate. After that, it remained constant. Turbidity constantly decreased when using smaller membranes. The amount of wood extractives decreased to half with 0.1 μm filtration. No significant difference in the amount of carbohydrates and lignin between the filtrated fractions and the unfiltrated water was detected. A comparison dealing with particle size analysis between two different apparatuses was also made.
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Razi, Fachrul, Sri Mulyati, and Nasrul Arahman. "The performance of bovine serum albumin filtration by using polyethersulfone-Tetronic 304 blend Ultrafiltration Membrane." F1000Research 8 (June 24, 2019): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18740.1.
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Background: Membrane technology has been widely applied for protein purification. In applications for protein separation, a membrane with stable filtration performance is necessary. In this work, two types of hollow fiber membranes with different characteristic were used to study the filtration profile of bovine serum albumin. Methods: A single piece of hollow fiber module was used for ultrafiltration testing using UF0 and UFT304 membranes. Flux and rejection of BSA solution were collected based on a pressure-driven inside filtration model. Results: Ultrafiltration experiments showed that the flux of UFT304 membrane was higher than that of UF0 membrane in all applied pressure condition. Solute rejection was achieved up to 90% for ultrafiltration of BSA solution by using UF0 membrane obtained on the operating pressure of 0.5 atm. Conclusion: In general, UFT304 membranes has better ultrafiltration performance for BSA separation than UF0 membranes. The UFT304 membrane has a more stable flux for up to two hours of filtration.
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Razi, Fachrul, Sri Mulyati, and Nasrul Arahman. "The performance of bovine serum albumin filtration by using polyethersulfone-Tetronic 304 blend Ultrafiltration Membrane." F1000Research 8 (November 7, 2019): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18740.2.
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Background: Membrane technology has been widely applied for protein purification. In applications for protein separation, a membrane with stable filtration performance is necessary. In this work, two types of hollow fiber membranes with different characteristic were used to study the filtration profile of bovine serum albumin. Methods: A single piece of hollow fiber module was used for ultrafiltration testing using UF0 and UFT304 membranes. Flux and rejection of BSA solution were collected based on a pressure-driven inside filtration model. Results: Ultrafiltration experiments showed that the flux of UFT304 membrane was higher than that of UF0 membrane in all applied pressure condition. Solute rejection reaches 90 and 88% for ultrafiltration of BSA solution on the operating pressure of 0.5 atm using UF0 and UFT304 membranes, respectively. Conclusion: In general, UFT304 membranes has better ultrafiltration performance for BSA separation than UF0 membranes. The UFT304 membrane has a more stable flux for up to two hours of filtration.
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Berg, T., R. Ipsen, Niels Ottosen, A. Tolkach, and F. van den Berg. "Influence of Reduced Cleaning-In-Place on Aged Membranes during Ultrafiltration of Whey." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0240.
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Abstract Optimization of cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures using bench-scale equipment is severely restricted by the short testing times (typically 1–3 days) compared with the normal lifespans of industrial membrane materials (years). In our research, industrially used polyethersulfone membrane material (“aged membrane”) was migrated to a lab-scale filtration apparatus. Performance (flux) of aged membranes was found to be 10% lower compared to new membranes of the same specification. For each set of membranes, performance was on the same level during multiple filtrations with intermediate CIPs. Reducing the CIP from a three-step procedure (caustic, enzymatic, acid) to only one step (caustic) had no influence on subsequent filtration performance even though flux recovery after reduced CIP was as low as 38% compared to 90% after three-step CIP. Consequences of reduced cleaning could first be observed in the subsequent CIP where the level of resistance during the respective CIP steps was increased.
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Divya, Sivasubramani, and Tae Hwan Oh. "Polymer Nanocomposite Membrane for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091732.
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With regard to global concerns, such as water scarcity and aquatic pollution from industries and domestic activities, membrane-based filtration for wastewater treatment has shown promising results in terms of water purification. Filtration by polymeric membranes is highly efficient in separating contaminants; however, such membranes have limited applications. Nanocomposite membranes, which are formed by adding nanofillers to polymeric membrane matrices, can enhance the filtration process. Considerable attention has been given to nanofillers, which include carbon-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. In this review, we first examined the current status of membrane technologies for water filtration, polymeric nanocomposite membranes, and their applications. Additionally, we highlight the challenges faced in water treatment in developing countries.
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PONSANO, E. H. G., H. A. PIRES, D. L. OLIVEIRA, and A. F. GARCIA. "MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF FISH INDUSTRY EFFLUENT." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.508_periodico30_pgs_504_512.pdf.
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Membrane filtration emerges as an alternative for the treatment of fish processing effluent. The aim of this work was to verify the ability of membrane filtration on reducing the pollutant load of tilapia processing effluent. The filtrations were performed with 150, 30 and 10 kDa membranes. The physicochemical parameters of the effluent in natura and the permeates were compared among themselves and with the standards for launching foreseen in the Brazilian legislation to evaluate the possibility of direct disposal in water bodies. The three membranes had the same potential to remove total solids, nitrogen and nitrite from the effluent. Membranes 30 and 10 kDa caused similar effects on the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand and proteins. Oils and greases, pH and fixed solids did not change with the filtrations. All the membranes were effective in reducing the color of the effluent. The effluent in natura was already in agreement with the standards for discharge regarding to temperature, pH, total nitrogen and nitrite, and the use of the membranes allowed it to meet the standards for floating materials. The color and the content of oils and grease in permeates were above the levels allowed for the discharge in freshwater, so suggesting the use of an additional operation to comply with the legislation.
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Hwang, Kuo-Jen, and Su-En Wu. "Membrane Filtration of Soft Colloids." MEMBRANE 39, no. 1 (2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.39.35.
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Surya, I., A. M. Sembiring, K. S. Nasution, and N. Hayeemasae. "The porosity and morphology properties of ceramic membrane." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2733, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2733/1/012014.
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Abstract The success of ceramic membranes as solute separation and filtration makes membrane technology widely used because it has high effectiveness and efficiency as a solute separator and filtration. The solute separation and filtration performances of typical ceramic membranes depend on the porosity properties of the ceramic membrane itself. Membrane porosity indicates the number of porous areas in the membrane. Precipitated silica as filler was added into the ceramic membrane at 0.30 %, 1.01 %, 1.68 %, 2.34 %, and 2.99 % per hundred masses of the membrane. It was revealed that silica acting as a membrane filler increased the porosity of the ceramic membrane. This was confirmed with the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) test and Origin Software. From the test results the highest porosity value is at 2.99 % per hundred masses of membrane.
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Remmena, Kirsten, and Joachim Koeserb. "Membrane Filtration: Expanding the Areas of Application by Chemical Modification – Examples from the FHNW." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.423.
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Membrane filtration applications are omnipresent in production processes of the food and beverage industry, in pharmaceutical production and the petrochemical industry but also in water purification for drinking water production and wastewater treatment. The main separation principle in membrane filtration is based on size exclusion which is dependent on the pore size of the membrane. Current developments based on chemical modification of these membranes have the goal to confer an additional chemical selectivity to membranes in order to broaden their areas of application. Here we present two examples of chemical membrane modifications pursued at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW) which are based on a) polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM or LbL) coatings and b) coating with stimulus responsive polymer brushes. Applications of such modified filtration membranes are e.g. selectively gated filtration and phosphorous P-recovery from acidic disintegrated sewage sludge.
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Urase, Taro, Kazuo Yamamoto та Shinichiro Ohgaki. "Evaluation of Virus Removal in Membrane Separation Processes Using Coliphage Qβ". Water Science and Technology 28, № 7 (1 жовтня 1993): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0136.
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Virus removal in membrane separation processes was investigated by employing coliphage Qβ as a tracer. Several types of microfiltration membrane and ultrafiltration membrane were tested. Two types of filtration experiments were carried out; dead-end filtration and cross-flow filtration. The membrane surface deposits played an important role in the rejection of viruses in the filtration of activated sludge and pond-water, whereas acrylate polymer cake did not affect the rejection of Qβ. The leakage of ultrafiltration membranes was well examined by the high concentration of Qβ applied. The major part of the rejected coliphages were adsorbed onto the membrane and in its surface deposit.
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Shields, Christopher. "Submicron Filtration Media." International Nonwovens Journal os-14, no. 3 (September 2005): 1558925005os—14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925005os-1400305.
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Biopharmaceutical processes, membrane pretreatment, water purification and food and beverage applications all require fine filtration. There are many different types of filter media that can be used for these applications. The types of media vary by materials of construction, processing method and performance characteristics. Each process produces a media with unique properties that have advantages in different applications. These industries have traditionally relied on membranes for their submicron filtration needs. Nonwoven media have not been successful in finer filtration applications due to the relatively large fibers that are produced or the technical and/or operational difficulties in producing fine fiber media. A significant amount of research has been expended over the last few years on developing high efficiency wetlaid media and producing fine diameter synthetic fibers in drylaid operations. Nonwoven media have begun to compete with membranes and other separation technologies in these fine filtration applications. High efficiency nonwoven media composites have equivalent efficiency as many types of membranes but with significantly higher dirt holding capacity or life. This paper will discuss the different types of wetlaid, drylaid and membrane media available for submicron filtration and compare their methods of construction, performance and cost.
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Wang, Han, Yiliang Bao, Xiuding Yang, Xingzi Lan, Jian Guo, Yiliang Pan, Weimin Huang, et al. "Study on Filtration Performance of PVDF/PUL Composite Air Filtration Membrane Based on Far-Field Electrospinning." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163294.
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At present, the situation of air pollution is still serious, and research on air filtration is still crucial. For the nanofiber air filtration membrane, the diameter, porosity, tensile strength, and hydrophilicity of the nanofiber will affect the filtration performance and stability. In this paper, based on the far-field electrospinning process and the performance effect mechanism of the stacked structure fiber membrane, nanofiber membrane was prepared by selecting the environmental protection, degradable and pollution-free natural polysaccharide biopolymer pullulan, and polyvinylidene fluoride polymer with strong hydrophobicity and high impact strength. By combining two kinds of fiber membranes with different fiber diameter and porosity, a three-layer composite nanofiber membrane with better hydrophobicity, higher tensile strength, smaller fiber diameter, and better filtration performance was prepared. Performance characterization showed that this three-layer composite nanofiber membrane had excellent air permeability and filtration efficiency, and the filtration efficiency of particles above PM 2.5 reached 99.9%. This study also provides important reference values for the preparation of high-efficiency composite nanofiber filtration membrane.
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Kerkulah, Emmanuel N., Guixuan Jin, Jinlei Huang, Xinyi Huang, Yuling Liu, Chang’e Ran, and Hao Peng. "A Mini Review on Treatment of Wastewater with Membrane Technology." Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 19 (June 6, 2023): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2023.19.08.
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Wastewater treatment is a continuous environmental problem, which troubles human activities. Numerous efforts have been made over the years to develop newly efficient technologies, including traditional filtration, coagulation-flocculation, and biological treatment systems. Among which, membrane technology is proven to be a significant one. Membranes technology is divided into four categories based on pore size. The four types of membrane technology including micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and reverse osmosis. This paper focus on the introduction, advantages, disadvantages and protection of these four membrane processes.
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Sisay, Elias Jigar, Szabolcs Kertész, Ákos Fazekas, Zoltán Jákói, Endre Zsolt Kedves, Tamás Gyulavári, Áron Ágoston, Gábor Veréb, and Zsuzsanna László. "Application of BiVO4/TiO2/CNT Composite Photocatalysts for Membrane Fouling Control and Photocatalytic Membrane Regeneration during Dairy Wastewater Treatment." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020315.
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This study aimed to investigate the performance of composite photocatalytic membranes fabricated by incorporating multiple nanoparticles (TiO2, carbon nanotubes, BiVO4) into polyvinylidene fluoride membrane material for real dairy wastewater treatment. The composite photocatalytic membranes exhibited superior antifouling behavior, lower filtration resistance, better flux, and higher flux recovery ratio than the pristine membrane. Salinity, pH, and lactose concentration are determinant factors that affect filtration resistance and rejection performance during the ultrafiltration of dairy wastewater. Generally, higher irreversible and total resistances and slightly lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejections were found at higher salinity (expressed by electric conductivity values of >4 mS/cm) than lower salinity (<4 mS/cm) levels. The presence of lactose in dairy wastewater increased irreversible resistance and severely reduced COD rejection during ultrafiltration due to the ability of lactose to pass through the membranes. It was ascertained that membranes require further treatment after filtrating such wastewater. Lower resistances and slightly better COD rejections were observed at pH 7.5 and pH 9.5 compared to those observed at pH 4. Photocatalytic membranes fouled during the ultrafiltration of real dairy wastewater were regenerated by visible light irradiation. The membrane containing all constituents (i.e., TiO2, carbon nanotubes, and BiVO4) showed the best regeneration performance, exceeding that of the pristine membrane by 30%.
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Mohd Khairuddin, Nur Farahah, Ani Idris, and Muhammad Irfan. "Towards Efficient Membrane Filtration for Microalgae Harvesting: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2019-si2(1)-13.
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Microalgae contain pigments such as chlorophyll and ß-carotene that are found to be useful as ingredients in human foods. Downstream processing is the key step to obtain the pigments but before that, harvesting process is required. The purpose of harvesting is to separate the microalgae cells from its culture media. There are many harvesting methods including membrane filtration. Besides simple in operation, membrane filtration technology involves no chemicals, no phase changes and offers complete solid retention. However, high flux requirement and reducing operating and maintenance cost of membrane filtration are challenges for microalgae harvesting. Another issue with membrane filtration is membrane fouling. One of the common approaches used currently in anti-fouling harvesting is by modifying the configuration of the filtration system itself by adding auxiliaries such as air scouring and vibration into the filtration systems. Thus, this review covers recent microalgae species that have been harvested by membrane filtration and their efficiency. Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Scenedesmus sp. are among the species that have been harvested using membranes. Techniques that can be applied for tailoring membrane filtration to be a universal harvesting method for all microalgae species are also highlighted. Having this in mind, factors such as membrane formulation and types of membrane making process which play significant roles in determining the efficiency of harvesting were discussed.
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Barambu, Nafiu Umar, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Norazanita Shamsuddin, Shafirah Samsuri, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin, and Nasrul Arahman. "The Combined Effects of the Membrane and Flow Channel Development on the Performance and Energy Footprint of Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111153.
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Membrane filtration is a promising technology for oil/water emulsion filtration due to its excellent removal efficiency of microdroplets of oil in water. However, its performance is highly limited due to the fouling-prone nature of oil droplets on hydrophobic membranes. Membrane filtration typically suffers from a low flux and high pumping energy. This study reports a combined approach to tackling the membrane fouling challenge in oil/water emulsion filtration via a membrane and a flow channel development. Two polysulfone (PSF)-based lab-made membranes, namely PSF- PSF-Nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and PSF-Vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), were selected, and the flow channel was modified into a wavy path. They were assessed for the filtration of a synthetic oil/water emulsion. The results showed that the combined membrane and flow channel developments enhanced the clean water permeability with a combined increment of 105%, of which 34% was attributed to the increased effective filtration area due to the wavy flow channel. When evaluated for the filtration of an oil/water emulsion, a 355% permeability increment was achieved from 43 for the PSF-NIPS in the straight flow channel to 198 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 for the PSF-VIPS in the wavy flow channel. This remarkable performance increment was achieved thanks to the antifouling attribute of the developed membrane and enhanced local mixing by the wavy flow channel to limit the membrane fouling. The increase in the filtration performance was translated into up to 78.4% (0.00133 vs. 0.00615 kWh m−3) lower in pumping energy. The overall findings demonstrate a significant improvement by adopting multi-pronged approaches in tackling the challenge of membrane fouling for oil/water emulsion filtration, suggesting the potential of this approach to be applied for other feeds.
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Parekh, Shalv, Rebecca David, Kranthi Bannuru, Lakshminarasimhan Krishnaswamy, and Avinash Baji. "Electrospun Silver Coated Polyacrylonitrile Membranes for Water Filtration Applications." Membranes 8, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8030059.
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The scarcity of drinking water and the contamination of water sources in underdeveloped countries are serious problems that require immediate low-tech and low-cost solutions. In this study, we fabricated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) porous membranes coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and demonstrated their use for water filtration and water treatment applications. The membranes were prepared by electrospinning a PAN solution and treating in a hydroxylamine (NH2OH) aqueous solution to form –C(NH2)N–OH groups that were used for functionalization (Ag+ ions) of the membrane. The coordinated silver ions were then converted to silver nanoparticles. The microstructure of the membrane, water permeability, antimicrobial effect (using Escherichia coli), and particulate filtration capabilities were studied. This study verified that the membrane demonstrated a 100% reduction for Gram-negative bacteria with an effective filtration rate of 8.0 mL/cm2 min. Furthermore, the membrane was able to eliminate 60% of latex beads as small as 50 nm and over 80% of the 2 µm beads via gravity filtration. This study demonstrated that PAN–AgNP membranes can be employed as antimicrobial membranes for the filtration of water in underdeveloped countries.
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Zhou, Gang, Rulin Liu, Qingfeng Xu, Kaili Wang, Yongmei Wang, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Dual-Structure PVDF/SDS Nanofibrous Membranes for Highly Efficient Personal Protection in Mines." Membranes 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050482.
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Pneumoconiosis in miners is considered a global problem. Improving the performance of individual protective materials can effectively reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis. In this study, the blend membrane of sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyvinylidene fluoride with a dual structure was prepared using electrospinning techniques, and the morphological structure, fiber diameter, and filtration performance of the nanofiber membranes were optimized by adjusting the PVDF concentration and SDS content. The results show that the incorporation of SDS enabled the nanofiber membranes to show tree-like and beaded fibers. Compared with the original PVDF membrane, the small content of tree-like fibers and beaded fibers can improve the filtration efficiency and reduce the resistance of the fiber membrane. The prepared nanofiber membrane has excellent comprehensive filtration performance, and the quality factor is 0.042 pa−1 when the concentration of PVDF is 10 wt% and the addition of SDS is 0.1 wt%. Furthermore, after high-temperature treatment, the membrane could still maintain good filtration performance. The PVDF/SDS blend nanofiber membrane has outstanding filtration efficiency and good thermal stability and can fully meet the personal protection of miners in underground high-temperature operation environments.
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As'adah, Anis, and Munasir MUNASIR. "REVIEW : PERFORMA MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT MENGGUNAKAN ALIRAN DEAD-END FILTRATION." Inovasi Fisika Indonesia 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v12n2.p92-102.
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Teknologi berbasis membran merupakan salah satu teknologi pengolahan air yang paling banyak diminati saat ini karena memiliki beberapa manfaat seperti konsumsi energi yang begitu relatif rendah dan operasi yang sederhana. Membran Graphene Oxide (GO) termasuk membran yang banyak diminati karena memiliki porositas GO yang tinggi serta ukuran pori nano yang baik. Sehingga dilakukan review artikel tentang performa membran komposit menggunakan aliran dead-end filtration. Bahan-bahan lain yang dapat dikompositkan dengan membran GO seperti Ti3C2Tx, Ni, Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), TiO2, Ag, PAM, Attapulgite (ATP) dan SiO2 yang memiliki potensi untuk filtrasi yang berbeda-bedaseperti untuk filtrasi pada pemisahan molekul dan pengolahan air, filtrasi untuk zat pewarna dan lain-lain. Dalam proses filtrasi membran untuk aliran dead-end filtration merupakan aliran yang secara keseluruhannya akan melewati suatu membran serta partikel akan tertahan pada membran tersebut. Pada review artikel ini didapatkan membran komposit GO/SiO2 yang memiliki performa baik dilihat dari nilai fluks tertinggi sebesar 229.15 L/m2.h.bar di antara membran komposit yang lain dan berpotensi untuk filtrasi pencemaran air.
 Kata Kunci: Membran Komposit, Graphene Oxide, Dead-End Filtration
 Abstract
 Membrane-based technology is one of the most popular water treatment technologies today because it has several benefits such as relatively low energy consumption and simple operation. Graphene Oxide (GO) membranes are among the membranes that are in great demand because they have high GO porosity and good nano pore sizes. Therefore, a review of articles on the performance of composite membranes using dead-end filtration was carried out. Other materials that can be composited with GO membranes such as Ti3C2Tx, Ni, Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), TiO2, Ag, PAM, Attapulgite (ATP) and SiO2 which have different potential for filtration such as for filtration in molecular separation and water treatment , filtration for dyes and others. In the membrane filtration process for dead-end filtration flow is a flow that as a whole will pass through a membrane and the particles will be stuck on the membrane. In this review article, it was found that the GO/SiO2 composite membrane had good performance in terms of the highest flux value of 229.15 L/m2.h.bar among other composite membranes and has the potential to filter water pollution.
 Keywords: Composite Membrane, Graphene Oxide, Dead-End Filtration
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Boyraz, Evren, and Fatma Yalcinkaya. "Hydrophilic Surface-Modified PAN Nanofibrous Membranes for Efficient Oil–Water Emulsion Separation." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020197.
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In order to protect the environment, it is important that oily industrial wastewater is degreased before discharging. Membrane filtration is generally preferred for separation of oily wastewater as it does not require any specialised chemical knowledge, and also for its ease of processing, energy efficiency and low maintenance costs. In the present work, hybrid polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes were developed for oily wastewater filtration. Membrane surface modification changed nitrile groups on the surface into carboxylic groups, which improve membrane wettability. Subsequently, TiO2 nanoparticles were grafted onto the modified membranes to increase flux and permeability. Following alkaline treatment (NaOH, KOH) of the hydrolysed PAN nanofibres, membrane water permeability increased two- to eight-fold, while TiO2 grafted membrane permeability increase two- to thirteen-fold, compared to unmodified membranes. TiO2 grafted membranes also displayed amphiphilic properties and a decrease in water contact angle from 78.86° to 0°. Our results indicate that modified PAN nanofibrous membranes represent a promising alternative for oily wastewater filtration.
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Boyraz, Evren, and Fatma Yalcinkaya. "Hydrophilic Surface-Modified PAN Nanofibrous Membranes for Efficient Oil–Water Emulsion Separation." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020197.
Full textAbstract:
In order to protect the environment, it is important that oily industrial wastewater is degreased before discharging. Membrane filtration is generally preferred for separation of oily wastewater as it does not require any specialised chemical knowledge, and also for its ease of processing, energy efficiency and low maintenance costs. In the present work, hybrid polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes were developed for oily wastewater filtration. Membrane surface modification changed nitrile groups on the surface into carboxylic groups, which improve membrane wettability. Subsequently, TiO2 nanoparticles were grafted onto the modified membranes to increase flux and permeability. Following alkaline treatment (NaOH, KOH) of the hydrolysed PAN nanofibres, membrane water permeability increased two- to eight-fold, while TiO2 grafted membrane permeability increase two- to thirteen-fold, compared to unmodified membranes. TiO2 grafted membranes also displayed amphiphilic properties and a decrease in water contact angle from 78.86° to 0°. Our results indicate that modified PAN nanofibrous membranes represent a promising alternative for oily wastewater filtration.
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Azam, Reem S., Dema A. Almasri, Radwan Alfahel, Alaa H. Hawari, Mohammad K. Hassan, Ahmed A. Elzatahry, and Khaled A. Mahmoud. "MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membrane Enhances Fouling Resistance and Rejection in the Crossflow Filtration Process." Membranes 12, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040406.
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Obstacles in the membrane-based separation field are mainly related to membrane fouling. This study involved the synthesis and utilization of covalently crosslinked MXene/cellulose acetate mixed matrix membranes with MXene at different concentrations (CCAM-0% to CCAM-12%) for water purification applications. The membranes’ water flux, dye, and protein rejection performances were compared using dead-end (DE) and crossflow (CF) filtration. The fabricated membranes, especially CCAM-10%, exhibited high hydrophilicity, good surface roughness, significantly high water flux, high water uptake, and high porosity. A significantly higher flux was observed in CF filtration relative to DE filtration. Moreover, in CF filtration, the CCAM-10% membrane exhibited 96.60% and 99.49% rejection of methyl green (MG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), respectively, while maintaining a flux recovery ratio of 67.30% and an irreversible fouling ratio at (Rir) of 32.70, indicating good antifouling performance. Hence, this study suggests that covalent modification of cellulose acetate membranes with MXene significantly improves the performance and fouling resistance of membranes for water filtration in CF mode relative to DE mode.
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Sosiati, Harini, Izon Suhandra, Muhammad Ramadhan, F. A. Kusuma Yuda, Yusmaniar, and Yofentina Iriani. "Chitosan/PVA Nanofibrous Membranes as Air Filter Material." Materials Science Forum 1073 (October 31, 2022): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-qn70v1.
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Nanofiber membranes made of polymer materials are being extensively investigated and developed as air filter materials. This research aims to make and characterize the nanofiber membranes as filter materials capable of filtering gaseous pollutants from cigarette smoke. The electrospinning method manufactured the chitosan (CS)/PVA blend nanofiber membranes with CS/PVA ratios of (0/100, 20/80, 30/70, and 40/60 w/w) using low molecular weight (LMw) PVA and the ratios of (0/100, 10/90, 20/80, and 30/70 w/w) with high Mw (HMw) PVA. The CS concentration increased the CS-PVA solution‘s electrical conductivity and decreased the membrane‘s average fiber diameter and tensile properties. The filtration test on neat PVA and CS/LMw PVA (20/80) membranes set on the metallic substrate with a 0.08 mm hole size was conducted by varying membrane thickness (20, 35, and 45 µm). The filtration efficiency increased with the membrane thickness because membrane pores tend to be smaller, indicating that reducing the fiber diameter by adding CS increases pore size. The filtration test on CS/HMw PVA (20/80) membranes with 45 µm thickness on different substrate¢s hole sizes of (0.08, 1.19, and 1.41 mm) showed that the larger the hole size, the lower the filtration efficiency. By similar CS/PVA ratio, membrane thickness, and substrate size hole, the CS/HMw PVA's filtration efficiency (87.15%) is higher than CS/LMw PVA (85.79%). However, the CS/LMw PVA membrane showed higher tensile strength, low stiffness, and more economical air filtration material than CS/HMw PVA.
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Saha, S. N. "Membrane Separations." Current Research in Agriculture and Farming 3, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.180.
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Membrane technology is widely utilised in industries for separation, concentration, filtering, and extraction operations. Membrane technology carries out various applications by utilising simple and specially designed semi-permeable membranes. It uses little energy and is thus considered a green technology. Ultrafiltration (UF), Microfiltration (MF), Nano-filtration (NF), and Reverse osmosis (RO) are membrane filtration methods that have a major influence on the organoleptic and nutritional qualities of juice. The adoption of a membrane method linked with enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in clarified and concentrated fruit juices with good sensory and nutritional quality. Membrane fouling is a significant problem of membrane-based separation processes. Membrane procedures powered by pressure, such as MF, UF, NF, and RO, allow for the separation of components with a wide variety of particle sizes. Because of this, they have a wide range of uses in the food processing business.
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Qasim, Faheem, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Muhammad Imran Tariq, and Agustín L. Herrera-May. "Simulation, Fabrication and Microfiltration Using Dual Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane." Membranes 13, no. 10 (October 8, 2023): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13100825.
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Microfluidic devices have gained subsequent attention due to their controlled manipulation of fluid for various biomedical applications. These devices can be used to study the behavior of fluid under several micrometer ranges within the channel. The major applications are the filtration of fluid, blood filtration and bio-medical analysis. For the filtration of water, as well as other liquids, the micro-filtration based microfluidic devices are considered as potential candidates to fulfill the desired conditions and requirements. The micro pore membrane can be designed and fabricated in such a way that it maximizes the removal of impurities from fluid. The low-cost micro-filtration method has been reported to provide clean fluid for biomedical applications and other purposes. In the work, anodic-aluminum-oxide-based membranes have been fabricated with different pore sizes ranging from 70 to 500 nm. A soft computing technique like fuzzy logic has been used to estimate the filtration parameters. Then, the finite-element-based analysis system software has been used to study the fluid flow through the double membrane. Then, filtration is performed by using a dual membrane and the clogging of the membrane has been studied after different filtration cycles using characterization like a scanning electron microscope. The filtration has been done to purify the contaminated fluid which has impurities like bacteria and protozoans. The membranes have been tested after each cycle to verify the results. The decrease in permeance with respect to the increase in the velocity of the fluid and the permeate volume per unit clearly depicts the removal of containments from the fluid after four and eight cycles of filtration. The results clearly show that the filtration efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of cycles and adding a dual membrane in the micro-fluidic device. The results show the potential of dual anodic aluminum oxide membranes for the effective filtration of fluids for biomedical applications, thereby offering a promising solution to address current challenges.
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Zhang, Chaoying, Rongfang Yuan, Huilun Chen, Beihai Zhou, Zexin Cui, and Boyun Zhu. "Advancements in Inorganic Membrane Filtration Coupled with Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment." Molecules 29, no. 17 (September 9, 2024): 4267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174267.
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Membrane filtration is an effective water recycling and purification technology to remove various pollutants in water. Inorganic membrane filtration (IMF) technology has received widespread attention because of its unique high temperature and corrosion resistance. Commonly used inorganic membranes include ceramic membranes and carbon-based membranes. As novel catalytic inorganic membrane processes, IMF coupled with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), can realize the separation and in situ degradation of pollutants, thus mitigating membrane contamination. In this paper, the types and performance of IMF are discussed. The influencing factors of inorganic membranes in practical wastewater treatment are summarized. The applications, advantages, and disadvantages of the coupled process of IMF and AOPs are summarized and outlined. Finally, the challenges and prospects of IMF and IMF coupled with AOPs are presented, respectively. This contributes to the design and development of coupled systems of membrane filtration with inorganic materials and IMF coupled with AOPs for practical wastewater treatment.
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Laabs, C., G. Amy, and M. Jekel. "Organic colloids and their influence on low-pressure membrane filtration." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0728.
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Wastewater treatment by low-pressure membrane filtration (MF and UF) is affected to a large extent by macromolecules and colloids. In order to investigate the influence of organic colloids on the membrane filtration process, colloids were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant effluent using a rotaryevaporation pre-concentration step followed by dialysis. Stirred cell tests were carried out using redissolved colloids, with and without additional glass fiber filtration. After constant pressure membrane filtration of 190 L/m2, the initial flux had declined by 50% for colloids &gt; 6-8 kD (glass fiber filtered) with a hydrophilic MF membrane and for colloids &gt;12-14 kD (glass fiber filtered) with a hydrophobic MF membrane. For the non-filtered colloidal solutions, the flux decline was even steeper with the flux being below 10% of the initial flux after 190 L/m2 were passed through the membranes. As with larger particles, colloids form a filtration cake layer on top of the membrane surface when used as isolates without prior filtration. This filtration cake is easily removed during backwashing. However, polysaccharides as a macromolecular component of the colloid isolate cause severe fouling by the formation of a gel layer on the membrane surface that is difficult to remove completely.
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Liu, Jianxin, Tingshuo Kang, Hualong Yu, Xiang Li, Xiaolei Zhang, and Xiaoqing Deng. "Study on the mechanical properties of micropore organic polymer membranes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2826, no. 1 (August 1, 2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2826/1/012014.
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Abstract Micropore organic polymer membranes are indispensable for membrane filtration with well-established selectivity and permeability. Pressure-driven conditions in harsh acidic or alkaline environments can influence the mechanical properties of these materials. Diminished mechanical properties may include a shortened membrane lifespan, reduced filtration effectiveness, and increased filtration cost. Understanding of the intricate mechanisms influencing the mechanical properties of organic polymer membranes remains incomplete. In this study, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to characterize the mechanical properties of different membrane materials with similar and varying pore size parameters. The influence of different methods of membrane preparation on the mechanical properties of these materials was also explored. Results showed that the PTFE membranes demonstrated excellent Young’s modulus and tensile strength, while PVDF membranes excelled in elongation at break. Organic filter membranes prepared by the phase transition method exhibited a more structured fiber filament arrangement, a smoother surface, reduced crack formation and extension, and uniform pore size and distribution when compared to materials prepared using the tensile method. The results of this study expanded our understanding of the factors that can influence the mechanical properties of organic filtration membranes.
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Thompson, M. A. "Membrane filtration of high turbidity sources." Water Supply 1, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2001): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0129.
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Membrane filtration processes have become widely used for low turbidity water sources that require particle removal and disinfection. In cases where the feed water contains high turbidity levels or high fouling tendencies, pre-treatment has been required to allow the membranes to operate efficiently. Submersion membranes have allowed direct treatment on many of these water supplies but operate under vacuum. This presents limitations on operating flux and design conditions for incorporating into existing facilities. The treatment unit designs are also very expensive to implement for small water treatment applications. A recently developed pressure driven ultrafiltration (UF) membrane is being tested on several different water sources and has demonstrated exceptional operation on high turbidity feed water sources. The module design includes a single potted end with the membrane fibers looped on the bottom to allow draining of solids from the module. The UF membrane filters outside to inside and has been operated on feed water turbidity levels up to 200 ntu. The availability of a pressure driven hollow fiber membrane that can efficiently filter high suspended solids water sources can provide a cost effective solution for many small to medium sized water supplies. Conditioning the feed water with a coagulant or direct filtration of high turbidity feed water can be used depending on the organic material present without settling or other clarification process. This eliminates the need for additional structural pretreatment and reduces overall system cost and size. Current limitations include the module size that makes this cost prohibitive for very large systems. Larger membrane systems where high-suspended solids are present in the feed water have been utilizing immersion membrane technologies more and more over the past few years. These systems typically operate under a vacuum and can be used for large water treatment plants as their design allows large filtration modules such as Memcor's CMFS filter block at 880 m3/hr. This allows significant capital cost reductions and allows membrane filtration to be competitive to conventional filtration technologies for virtually all filtration applications. This paper will review the economics and performance of both pressure driven and immersion membrane systems for small to large water supply systems on feed water containing high-suspended solid levels. Actual testing data for the new pressure driven hollow fiber UF membrane and immersion membrane systems will be provided on different water supplies including unconditioned surface water, filter backwash water and coagulated surface water.
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Sanaei, P., and L. J. Cummings. "Flow and fouling in membrane filters: effects of membrane morphology." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 818 (April 6, 2017): 744–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.102.
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Membrane filters are used extensively in microfiltration applications. The type of membrane used can vary widely depending on the particular application, but broadly speaking the requirements are to achieve fine control of separation, with low power consumption. The solution to this challenge might seem obvious: select the membrane with the largest pore size and void fraction consistent with the separation requirements. However, membrane fouling (an inevitable consequence of successful filtration) is a complicated process, which depends on many parameters other than membrane-pore size and void fraction; and which itself greatly affects the filtration process and membrane functionality. In this work we formulate mathematical models that can (i) account for the membrane internal morphology (internal structure, pore size and shape, etc.); (ii) describe fouling of membranes with specific morphology; and (iii) make some predictions as to what type of membrane morphology might offer optimum filtration performance.
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Sawada, Shigeki. "Membrane filtration in water treatment plants." membrane 26, no. 5 (2001): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.26.199.
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Choiriyah, Dyah, Esfi Riandini, and Arinta Wulandari. "PREPARATION MICRO-FILTRATION CERAMIC MEMBRANE FROM NATURAL ZEOLITE FOR PROCION RED MX8B AND METHYLENE BLUE FILTRATION." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.11.1.100.8-14.
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<p>The study of ceramic membrane fabrication from natural zeolite and its utilization for filtration of <em>procion red MX8B</em> and methylene blue has been investigated. The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of pressure on membrane permeability and selectivity and utilize natural zeolite as ceramic membranes <em>procion red MX8B</em> and methylene blue filtration. The membrane was prepared by metide press pellets and then calcined at 850 <sup>o</sup>C. The membranes were characterized by mechanical test, flux and rejection of dye. The compression test of the membrane found the values of 1369.178 psi in dry conditions to 1388.933 psi in wet conditions. The flux test found that the higher the pressure applied, the flux was increase. However, the high pressure also decreased the selectivity. Rejection test found that the rejection of methylene blue filtration up to 70 %. Meanwhile, <em>procion red MX8B</em> filtration has rejectivity less than 20 %.</p>
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Choiriyah, Dyah, Esfi Riandini, and Arinta Wulandari. "PREPARATION MICRO-FILTRATION CERAMIC MEMBRANE FROM NATURAL ZEOLITE FOR PROCION RED MX8B AND METHYLENE BLUE FILTRATION." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v11i1.100.
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<p>The study of ceramic membrane fabrication from natural zeolite and its utilization for filtration of <em>procion red MX8B</em> and methylene blue has been investigated. The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of pressure on membrane permeability and selectivity and utilize natural zeolite as ceramic membranes <em>procion red MX8B</em> and methylene blue filtration. The membrane was prepared by metide press pellets and then calcined at 850 <sup>o</sup>C. The membranes were characterized by mechanical test, flux and rejection of dye. The compression test of the membrane found the values of 1369.178 psi in dry conditions to 1388.933 psi in wet conditions. The flux test found that the higher the pressure applied, the flux was increase. However, the high pressure also decreased the selectivity. Rejection test found that the rejection of methylene blue filtration up to 70 %. Meanwhile, <em>procion red MX8B</em> filtration has rejectivity less than 20 %.</p>
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Ma, Niping, Ke Xu, Jianhua Guo, Ning Wei, and Junxia Yan. "Graphene Oxide Membranes for Ionic/Molecular Filtration: From Self-Assembly to Design." Processes 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051520.
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The graphene oxide (GO) membrane holds great promise in desalination and green energy fields due to its naturally occurring nanochannels, which provide significant advantages in gas and ion filtration. In this study, the sizes and distributions of nanopore/channels in GO membranes and the relationship of GO flakes size and membrane thickness are explored by molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that the size of GO flakes influences the distribution of nanopore sizes in GO membranes, while it almost has no influence on the total nanopore area in membranes with the same thickness. Additionally, our findings confirm that the total nanopore area of the GO membranes decreases exponentially as the membrane thickness increases, which is consistent with experimental observations. To expand the range of nanopore size regulation, we developed a columnar-array substrate model to create GO membranes customized for specific filtration functions, such as virus filtration. Our findings provide physical insights into the rational design of functional membranes for energy and environmental applications and offer theoretical guidance and technical support for the practical application of GO membranes in separation and filtration.
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Kook, Heejin, and Chanhyuk Park. "Engineered Approaches to Facile Identification of Tiny Microplastics in Polymeric and Ceramic Membrane Filtrations for Wastewater Treatment." Membranes 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060565.
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contribute to the release of significant quantities of microplastics into the aquatic environment. The facile identification of microplastics and an understanding of their occurrence and transport through WWTPs are essential for improving microplastic retention. Potential microplastic treatment technologies for both polymeric and ceramic membrane filtrations were systematically investigated to inform decisions on the optimal choice of membrane for effective microplastic retention. A blocking filtration model, based on a simple linear regression fitting, was used in experiments on the filtration of microplastic suspensions to determine the relative importance of individual fouling mechanisms. Unlike the commonly applied spectroscopic techniques, the facile identification approaches, that are closely related to the amounts of particles within wastewater samples, attempted to identify tiny microplastics (<1.0 μm) by comparing them against silica particles for reference. A larger decline in the normalized permeate flux was observed for 0.1 μm polystyrene microplastics, while standard pore blocking appeared to be the dominant fouling mechanism for all membranes. More microplastics based on turbidity and total solids were removed using the ceramic membrane than the other polymeric membranes. However, fewer microplastics, based on the particle size distribution analysis, were removed using the ceramic membrane as the pore size measurements gave a relatively large pore size for the ceramic membrane, compared with other polymeric membranes; even though a nominal pore size of 0.1 μm for all membranes were provided by the suppliers. The contribution of microplastic-containing synthetic wastewaters to overall flux decline was significantly greater than those of identical microplastic suspensions because of the aggregation of larger microplastics with dissolved organic matter in synthetic wastewater, leading to the formation of a cake layer on the membrane surface. Despite the challenges associated with the facile identification approaches, our findings provided deeper insights and understanding of how microplastics behave in membrane filtration, which could enable the application of potential microplastic treatment technologies.
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Wang, Han, Zuo Yi Yang, Jin Yong Liu, Gao Feng Zheng, and Ling Min Chen. "Explore on Pressure-Drop Performance of Nanofibrous Filtration Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1885.
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High filtration efficiency of nanofibrous membrane has been proved in air filtration area, but, in addition to filtration efficiency, pressure drop is another important characteristic of fibrous filter. Because pressure-drop is related to energy wastage of filtration, it’s necessary to study. While there are not enough studies dedicated to pressure-drop of nanofibrous membrane filters. Here, different thickness PVA nanofibrous membranes were made by electrospinning, and they deposited on cotton scaffolds to form nanofibrous filter samples. Through testing these samples, we found as thickness of nanofibrous membrane increased, pressure-drop rose almost linearly, while filtration efficiency presented a different change trend. When thickness of nanofibrous membrane reaching a point, filtration efficiency attained extreme limit, even if increasing thickness nanofibrous membrane, filtration efficiency only rose limitedly, but pressure-drop still increased rapidly. At the same time, we found despite the thickness of nanofibrous membrane was thinner than conventional fibrous filter, pressure-drop of nanofibrous filter was obviously higher than conventional fibrous filter. So it’s remarkable phenomena. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, the causation of high pressure-drop of nanofibrous filter was discussed and provided. Decreasing diameter of fiber caused resistance performance change. It’s necessary to carry on a further research.
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Tian, Enling, Yinping Bi, and Yiwei Ren. "Electrospun Graphene Oxide/Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) Composite Nanofiber Membranes for High Performance." Membranes 15, no. 5 (May 12, 2025): 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15050145.
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Due to its distinctive two-dimensional structure and high specific surface area, graphene oxide (GO) is expected to be a very promising material to be used for membrane separation. Not only can it improve the mechanical strength, surface wettability, and thermal stability of the membrane, but it can also improve the filtration performance and shelf life of the polymer membrane. Graphene oxide/poly(meta-phenylene isophthalamide) (GO/PMIA) nanofiber membranes were prepared by means of an electrospinning technique. The effects of adding different amounts of GO on the PMIA nanofiber membranes were studied. The results indicated that the GO had a strong affinity with the PMIA matrix by forming hydrogen bonds. The composite nanofiber membranes exhibited better filtration and thermostability performance than those of the pristine membrane. As the loading amount of GO was 1.0 wt%, the air filtration efficiency of the composite nanofiber membrane was 97.79%, the pressure drop was 85.45 Pa and the glass transition temperature was 299.8 °C.
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Yin, Hao. "Force Balance of Particles in Water During Ultrafiltration Membrane Process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2174, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2174/1/012026.
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Abstract Membrane filtration is vital in our daily lives to extract fresh water from contaminated water. However, membrane filtration is suffering from fouling, which is induced by accumulations of particles on membrane surface. Due to the hydraulic field and electrical field (from functional groups of membranes) near membrane surface, particle will be exerted by different forces. The intermolecular forces such as the Lateral lift force, Brownian force, shear-induced force, Van Der Waal force and electrostatic repulsion force may affect the fouling process, and the water flux inside the system cab exert permeance drag force to the particles near the surface of membrane. In order to figure out the forces that may affect the filtration process, a model was established about the filtration process. In the model, the velocities of the each forces are listed and calculated in this paper. From the analysis, the relations between the particle velocities, which represents the filtration efficiency, and the forces, such as lift or shear forces, are well illustrated. This article shows the importance of potentially understanding the fouling process and providing insight of fouling mitigation for the membrane filtration process.
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Makisha, Nikolay A. "Research of performance characteristics of membrane modules for wastewater treatment." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.1.6.
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Introduction. The study focuses on the operation of a standalone membrane bioreactor applicable as an alternative to submerged membrane modules widely used as part of small capacity wastewater treatment facilities. Materials and methods. An ultra-filtration membrane was used to perform the research in a laboratory environment. The liquid, exposed to research, represented synthetic wastewater, whose composition was similar to the one of urban wastewaters, and it had varied concentrations of suspended solids (MLSS). The membrane element, produced by Raifil (Republic of Korea), that has capillary ultra-filtration membranes, was used in the experiments. The membrane pore size is 1 micron. The total membrane filter area is one square meter. This membrane module has standard characteristics (pore size, material), typical for ultra-filtration membranes; therefore, we can assume that any further results will not demonstrate any substantial discrepancies, if ultra-filtration membranes made by other manufacturers are used to conduct experiments. Results. The author describes a methodology for the optimization of pressure and MLSS values used in the process of membrane treatment. The author obtained the pressure values at which the amount of suspended solids in the filtered material shows a sharp rise, which means a slip of suspended solids into the filtrate, or a slip of contaminants. The author also identified the operating parameters that ensure maximal capacity. Conclusions. These findings help to outline a roadmap for further research into the optimization of membrane bioreactors (both standalone and submerged units) used in wastewater treatment.
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Nagappan, Subbiah, David Phinney, and Dennis Heldman. "Management of Waste Streams from Dairy Manufacturing Operations Using Membrane Filtration and Dissolved Air Flotation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 2694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122694.
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Membrane filtration can provide a significant role in the management of waste streams from food manufacturing operations. The objective of this research was to evaluate the reductions in the organic content of waste streams accomplished when using membrane filtration. Reductions in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by membrane filtration were compared to a Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) system. Membranes with six different pore sizes (200, 20, 8, 4, 0.083, and 0.058 kDa) were evaluated. In addition, the various membrane treatments were applied after the DAF as an additional level of comparison. The DAF treatment provided 75.15 ± 3.95% reduction in COD, and the reduction in COD improved from 85% to 99% as the membrane pore size decreased. When all membranes were used after a DAF pre-treatment, a reduction in COD to less than 1200 ppm in the permeate stream was achieved. These reductions were independent of the COD in the feed stream. The membrane fouling rates were evaluated for the membranes with the four largest pore-sizes membranes. The membranes with 20 kDa pore-size had the lowest fouling rates during extended fouling-rate studies.
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He, Yang, Haijun Liu, and Weijun Ying. "Constructing Stable Polyvinyl Alcohol/Gelatin/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Electrospun Membrane with Excellent Filtration Efficiency for PM2.5." Polymers 16, no. 12 (June 11, 2024): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16121656.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the high demand for air quality, the development of biomass-based air filtration membranes with high air filtration efficiency and good stability is an urgent task. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin (GA), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were mixed and prepared into a membrane through an electrospinning method for air filtration. After a hydrophobic modification, the modified PVA/GA/CNC composite membrane showed excellent filtration efficiency for PM2.5 (97.65%) through the internal three-dimensional structure barrier and the electrostatic capture effect of the CNC with a negative charge, as well as a low-pressure drop (only 50 Pa). In addition, the modified PVA/GA/CNC composite membrane had good mechanical properties (maximum tensile fracture rate of 78.3%) and high stability (air filtration efficiency of above 90% after five wash-filter cycles and a high-temperature treatment at 200 °C). It is worth noting that the whole preparation process is completed without organic solvents, putting forward a new strategy for the construction of green air filtration membranes.
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Arahman, Nasrul, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Diki Sukma Windana, Afrillia Fahrina, Silmina Silmina, Teuku Maimun, Sri Mulyati, et al. "Antimicrobial Hydrophilic Membrane Formed by Incorporation of Polymeric Surfactant and Patchouli Oil." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223872.
Full textAbstract:
Membrane properties are highly affected by the composition of the polymer solutions that make up the membrane material and their influence in the filtration performance on the separation or purification process. This paper studies the effects of the addition of pluronic (Plu) and patchouli oil (PO) in a polyethersulfone (PES) solution on the membrane morphology, membrane hydrophilicity, and filtration performance in the pesticide removal compound in the water sample. Three types of membranes with the composition of PES, PES + Plu, and PES + Plu + patchouli oil were prepared through a polymer phase inversion technique in an aqueous solvent. The resulting membranes were then analyzed and tested for their mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, antimicrobial properties, and filtration performance (cross-flow ultrafiltration). The results show that all of the prepared membranes could reject 75% of the pesticide. The modification of the PES membrane with Plu was shown to increase the overall pore size by altering the pore morphology of the pristine PES, which eventually increased the permeation flux of the ultrafiltration process. Furthermore, patchouli oil added antimicrobial properties, potentially minimizing the biofilm formation on the membrane surface.