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1
Chevereau, Élodie, Lionel Limousy, Patrick Dutournié, and Patrick Bourseau. "Réalisation et modification des propriétés de sélectivité d’une membrane minérale d’ultrafiltration : étude de la rétention de solutions salines." Revue des sciences de l’eau 25, no. 1 (March 28, 2012): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008533ar.
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De par leurs caractéristiques structurales bien connues, les zéolithes sont fréquemment utilisées pour leur capacité à catalyser, à échanger des ions ou à adsorber certaines molécules. Ces matériaux sont également utilisés comme phase active pour réaliser des membranes. Dans ce travail, une membrane céramique d’ultrafiltration a été réalisée en imprégnant de la Mordenite (phase active) sur un support en alumine. La structure et les caractéristiques morphologiques de cette membrane ont été étudiées (diffraction de rayons X, BET / BJH (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller et Brunauer-Joyner-Hallenda), microscopie électronique à balayage). Des mesures de potentiels zêta et d’écoulement ont été réalisées sur la phase active en présence de différentes solutions salines, afin de caractériser qualitativement et quantitativement les charges de surface de la phase active de la membrane. La sélectivité de la membrane vis-à-vis de solutions salines pures a été étudiée sur un pilote d’ultrafiltration de laboratoire. Aucune rétention n’a été observée lors de la filtration d’une solution de chlorure de sodium. Compte tenu des propriétés électriques de la membrane (fortement chargée négativement), une expérience de filtration a été réalisée en présence d’un sel divalent (Na2CO3). Dans ces conditions, une rétention importante a été observée. Après rinçage à l’eau pure, un nouvel essai de filtration a été réalisé en présence de solution de sel monovalent (NaCl) et a conduit à un taux de rétention de l’ordre de 10 % . Ce phénomène semble être lié au traitement et à la présence d’ions carbonates. Après un lavage acide, la membrane finit par retrouver ses propriétés initiales. Pour conclure, une membrane Mordenite d’ultrafiltration a été réalisée avec des propriétés de filtration qui peuvent être réversiblement modifiées par un simple traitement chimique.
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Li, Ying-Na, Han Li, Hui Ye, Yu-Zhong Zhang, and Ying Chen. "Preparation and characterization of poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide desulfurization." High Performance Polymers 31, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317752072.
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The highly hydrophobic poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica (PES/fSiO2) organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide (SO2) desulfurization was prepared by incorporating the fSiO2 particles on the PES membrane via sol–gel process and fluorination. The formation of PES/fSiO2 organic–inorganic composite membrane was examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle. The experimental results showed that the fSiO2 inorganic layer was tightly bonded to the PES membrane surface through silane chemical reactions. The incorporation of the fSiO2 inorganic layer on the PES membrane surface increases the surface roughness and reduces the surface free energy because of the hydrophobic dodecafluoroheptyl-propyl-trimethoxysilane. The hydrophobicity of the PES/fSiO2 composite membrane was dramatically enhanced from 78.0° of PES membrane to 128.2° of PES/fSiO2 membrane. Compared with PES membrane, the desulfurization performance of PES/fSiO2 membrane was investigated. PES/fSiO2 organic–inorganic composite membrane indicated a reasonably stable SO2 absorption flux of 7.69E-4 mol/m2 s during the 240-min-long time operation.
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Ghadhban, Maryam Y., Hasan Shaker Majdi, Khalid T. Rashid, Qusay F. Alsalhy, D. Shanthana Lakshmi, Issam K. Salih, and Alberto Figoli. "Removal of Dye from a Leather Tanning Factory by Flat-Sheet Blend Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane." Membranes 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10030047.
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In this work, a flat-sheet blend membrane was fabricated by a traditional phase inversion method, using the polymer blends poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) and polyether sulfone (PES) for the ultrafiltration (UF) application. It was hypothesized that adding PES to the PPSU polymer blend would improve the properties of the PPSU membrane. The effect of the PES concentration on the blend membrane properties was investigated extensively. The characteristics of PPSU-PES blend membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measure, and contaminant (dye) elimination efficiency. This study showed that PES clearly affected the structural formation of the blended membranes. A considerable increase in the average roughness (about 93%) was observed with the addition of 4% PES, with a higher mean pore size accompanied by a rise in the pores’ density on the surface of the membrane. The addition of up to 4% PES had a significant influence on the hydrophilic character of the PPSU-PES membrane, by lowering the value of the contact angle (CA) (i.e., to 56.9°). The performance of the PPSU-PES composite membranes’ UF performance was systematically investigated, and the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) was enhanced by 25% with the addition of 4% PES. The best separation removal factor achieved in the current investigation for dye (Drupel Black NT) was 96.62% for a PPSU-PES (16:4 wt./wt.%) membrane with a 50% feed dye concentration.
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Rohani, Rosiah, Pettymilonna Anak Michael, Khalefa Faneer, Nurul Izzati Izni Md Yusof, and Puteri Mimie Isma Nordin. "Development of Polyethersulfone Nanofiltration Membrane with Layer-by-Layer Method for Xylitol Purification." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 10, SP2 (December 26, 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.730.
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This work is aimed to develop polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membrane with layer-by-layer (LBL) polyelectrolytes of chitosan (CHI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) for xylitol purification from fermentation broth. Different number of bilayers and type of terminating layer were manipulated for producing more hydrophilicity, negatively charged with improved performance compared to pristine PES membrane. Successful deposition of polyelectrolyte layers onto PES membrane was able to be proven using various tests such as contact angle, Zetasizer and FT-IR. The results obtained have proven that LBL can develop PES membrane with higher resistance to fouling. From Zeta potential analysis, the value of pristine PES membrane's negativity confirmed the theory of negatively charged substrate for LDL. The negative value of PES membrane increased from -16.5 mV to -32.7 mV after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)6. From FT-IR spectra, the formation of CHI/PAA complexes on the membrane's surface is confirmed through the presence of stretching peaks of -COOH, -NH3+ and -NH2+ groups The pure water flux reduces from 47.40 ±6.30 L⁄m2.h to 7.40 ±1.64 L⁄m2.h after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)2. The rejection performance of xylitol for PES (CHI/PAA)2 is higher (84.95%) than pure PES membrane (66.17%), while (CHI/PAA)4 offered the lowest selectivity towards xylitol than arabinose and thus able to obtain higher purity of xylitol as retentate. LBL surface modification using CHI/PAA can develop PES membrane with higher hydrophilicity, negatively charge, and is able to give better xylitol rejection compared to pure PES.
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Yin, Jun. "Fabrication of a Modified Polyethersulfone Membrane with Anti-Fouling and Self-Cleaning Properties from SiO2-g-PHEMA NPs for Application in Oil/Water Separation." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112169.
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To prepare anti-fouling and self-cleaning membrane material, a physical blending modification combined with surface grafting modification has been carried out; first, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted silica nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PHEMA NPs) were synthesized using surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) and used as a blending modifier to fabricate a polyethersulfone (PES)/SiO2-g-PHEMA organic–inorganic membrane by the phase-inversion method. During the membrane formation process, hydrophobic PES segments coagulated immediately to form a membrane matrix, and the hydrophilic SiO2-g-PHEMA NPs migrated spontaneously to the membrane surface in order to reduce interfacial energy, which enhanced the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA membrane. Importantly, the membrane surface contained abundant PHEMA segments, which provided active sites for further surface functionalization. Subsequently, the carboxyl-terminated fluorocarbon surfactant (fPEG-COOH) composed of hydrophilic polyethyleneglycol segments and low-surface-energy perfluorinated alkyl segments was synthesized via the esterification of fPEG with succinic anhydride. Lastly, the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA/fPEG membrane was prepared by grafting fPEG-COOH onto surface of the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA. Thus, a versatile membrane surface with both fouling-resistant and fouling-release properties was acquired. The PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA/fPEG membrane has a large oil–water flux (239.93 L·m−2·h−1), almost 21 times that of PES blank membrane and 2.8 times of the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA membrane. Compared with the unmodified PES membrane, the flux recovery ratio increased from 45.75% to 90.52%, while the total flux decline ratio decreased drastically from 82.70% to 13.79%, exhibiting outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the grafted fPEG segments on the membrane surface show excellent stability due to the presence of stable chemical bonds. The grafted segments remain at the surface of the membrane even after a long shaking treatment. This suggests that this PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA/fPEG membrane material has potential for application in oil/water separation.
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Kalugin, Denis, Jumanah Bahig, Ahmed Shoker, and Amira Abdelrasoul. "Heparin-Immobilized Polyethersulfone for Hemocompatibility Enhancement of Dialysis Membrane: In Situ Synchrotron Imaging, Experimental, and Ex Vivo Studies." Membranes 13, no. 8 (August 3, 2023): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080718.
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The goal of the current study is to enhance the hemocompatibility of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes using heparin immobilization. Heparin was immobilized covalently and via electrostatic interaction with the positively charged PES surface (pseudo-zwitterionic (pZW) complex) to investigate the influence of each method on the membrane hemocompatibility. In situ synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT) imaging, available at the Canadian Light Source (CLS), was used to critically assess the fibrinogen adsorption to the newly synthesized membranes qualitatively and quantitatively using an innovative synchrotron-based X-ray tomography technique. The surface roughness of the synthesized membranes was tested using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The membrane hemocompatibility was examined through the ex vivo clinical interaction of the membranes with patients’ blood to investigate the released inflammatory biomarkers (C5a, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, vWF, and C5b-9). The presence and quantitative analysis of a stable hydration layer were assessed with DSC analysis. Surface modification resulted in reduced surface roughness of the heparin-PES membrane. Both types of heparin immobilization on the PES membrane surface resulted in a decrease in the absolute membrane surface charge from −60 mV (unmodified PES) to −13 mV for the pZW complex and −9.16 mV for the covalently attached heparin, respectively. The loss of human serum fibrinogen (FB) was investigated using UV analysis. The PES membrane modified with the heparin pseudo-ZW complex showed increased FB retention (90.5%), while the unmodified PES membrane and the heparin covalently attached PES membrane exhibited approximately the same level of FB retention (81.3% and 79.8%, respectively). A DSC analysis revealed an improvement in the content of the hydration layer (32% of non-freezable water) for the heparin-coated membranes compared to the unmodified PES membrane (2.84%). An SR-µCT analysis showed that the method of heparin immobilization significantly affects FB adsorption distribution across the membrane thickness. A quantitative analysis using SR-µCT showed that when heparin is attached covalently, FB tends to be deposited inside the membrane pores at the top (layer index 0–40) membrane regions, although its content peak distribution shifted to the membrane surface, whereas the unmodified PES membrane holds 90% of FB in the middle (layer index 40–60) of the membrane. The ex vivo hemocompatibility study indicates an improvement in reducing the von Willebrand factor (vWF) for the heparin pseudo-ZW PES membrane compared to the covalently attached heparin and the untreated PES.
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Mannan, Hafiz Abdul, Hilmi Mukhtar, and Thanabalan Murugesan. "Polyethersulfone (PES) Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation: Effect of Polymer Blending." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.172.
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Effect of polymer blending on physico-chemical and gas permeation properties of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was studied. PES was chosen as base polymer and polysulfone (PSF) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) were added as glassy and rubbery polymer additives respectively. The morphology, thermal stability and miscibility of PES membranes were characterized by FESEM, TGA and DSC respectively to observe the effect of polymer blending. The prepared membranes were tested for permeation of CO2 and CH4 at a feed pressure of 2 to 10 bar. PES-PSF membrane exhibits the separation properties identical to PES membrane. PES-PVAc blend membrane was found to be immiscible and high permeability was achieved while the selectivity was lost.
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Yun, Teng Sam, Pei Ching Oh, Moau Jian Toh, Yun Kee Yap, and Qin Yi Te. "Xylem-Inspired Hydrous Manganese Dioxide/Aluminum Oxide/Polyethersulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane for Oily Wastewater Treatment." Membranes 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090860.
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Ultrafiltration membrane has been widely used for oily wastewater treatment application attributed to its cost-efficiency, ease of operation, and high separation performance. To achieve high membrane flux, the pores of the membrane need to be wetted, which can be attained by using hydrophilic membrane. Nevertheless, conventional hydrophilic membrane suffered from inhomogeneous dispersion of nanofillers, causing a bottleneck in the membrane flux performance. This called for the need to enhance the dispersion of nanofillers within the polymeric matrix. In this work, in-house-fabricated hydrous manganese dioxide–aluminum oxide (HMO-Al2O3) was added into polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution to enhance the membrane flux through a xylem-inspired water transport mechanism on capillary action aided by cohesion force. Binary fillers HMO-Al2O3 loading was optimized at 0.5:0.5 in achieving 169 nm membrane mean pore size. Membrane morphology confirmed the formation of macro-void in membrane structure, and this was probably caused by the hydrophilic nanofiller interfacial stress released in PES matrix during the phase inversion process. The superhydrophilic properties of PES 3 in achieving 0° water contact angle was supported by the energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, where it achieved high O element, Mn element, and Al elements of 39.68%, 0.94%, and 5.35%, respectively, indicating that the nanofillers were more homogeneously dispersed in PES matrix. The superhydrophilic property of PES 3 was further supported by high pure water flux at 245.95 L/m2.h.bar, which was 3428.70% higher than the pristine PES membrane, 197.1% higher than PES 1 incorporated with HMO nanofiller, and 854.00% higher than PES 5 incorporated with Al2O3 nanofillers. Moreover, the excellent membrane separation performance of PES 3 was achieved without compromising the oil rejection capability (98.27% rejection) with 12 g/L (12,000 ppm) oily wastewater.
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Fahrina, Afrillia, Teuku Maimun, Syarifah Humaira, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Intan Bahrina, Rahmat Sunarya, Ahmad Ghufran, and Nasrul Arahman. "The morphology and filtration performances of poly(ether sulfone) membrane fabricated from different polymer solution." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819709001.
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The performance of membrane filtrations are mostly determined by pore structure of the fabricated membrane. Selection of polymer and solvent in membrane preparation are influence the morphology of fabricated membrane. The present work discusses the morphology of PES membrane fabricated from different polymer system with constant preparation condition. Polymer system consists of 15 wt% of polyethersulfone (PES) and 85 wt% of solvents. The homogeneous solution includes of PES-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), PES-dimethylformamide (DMF), and PES-N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the types of solvent on the formed membrane morphology. Phase inversion technique is used to solidify the flat sheet membrane in deionized water as a coagulation bath. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of membrane. A dead-end ultrafiltration module was carried out to observe the filtration performance of the fabricated membrane. It is proved that the different membrane solution affect the membrane structure in term of skin layer, macrovoid, and support layer. Furthermore, the changing of the membrane structure affected the pure water permeability (PWP). It is found that the highest PWP was reached up to 4.52 L/m2.hr.atm using PES-DMSO system.
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Peighami, Reza, Mohamadreza Mehrnia, Fatemeh Yazdian, and Mojgan Sheikhpour. "Biocompatibility evaluation of polyethersulfone–pyrolytic carbon composite membrane in artificial pancreas." Biointerphases 18, no. 2 (March 2023): 021003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002155.
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Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are widely used in medical devices, especially intravascular devices such as intravascular bioartificial pancreases. In the current work, the pure PES and PES–pyrolytic carbon (PyC) composite membranes were synthesized and permeability studies were conducted. In addition, the cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the pure PES and PES–PyC membranes were investigated. These materials were characterized using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation, platelet activation, platelet adhesion, ß-cell viability and proliferation, and ß-cell response to hyperglycemia. The results showed that platelet activation decreased from 87.3% to 27.8%. Any alteration in the morphology of sticking platelets was prevented, and the number of attached platelets decreased by modification with PyC. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay corroborated that PBMC activation was encouraged by the PyC-modified PES membrane surface. It can be concluded that PES-modified membranes show higher hemocompatibility than pure PES membranes. ß-cells cultured on all the three membranes displayed a lower rate of proliferation although the cells on the PES–PyC (0.1 wt. %) membrane indicated a slightly higher viability and proliferation than those on the pure PES and PES–PyC (0.05 wt. %) membranes. It shows that the PES–PyC (0.1 wt. %) membrane possesses superior cytocompatibility over the other membranes.
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Li, Ru, Ji Fei Deng, and Fen Fen Liu. "Surface Modification of the Polyethersulfone Membrane by Low Pressure Argon Plasma Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.510.
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In this study, low pressure Ar plasma is used to improve the surface hydrophilicity of the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. The low pressure Ar plasma generated by radio frequency (RF) glow discharge was acted on the PES membrane surface to observe the change of the hydrophilic nature. This paper discusses the different plasma power, treatment time and plasma fluxes conditions on PES membrane modified influence. Experimental results show that with the plasma power and plasma fluxes increase and treatment time prolonged, the surface hydrophilicity of the PES membrane continues to increase and no more changes were observed when it reached to a certain value. The best condition was carried out at 60W, 120s, 20sccm, in this condition, the hydrophilic nature of the PES membrane is remarkably improved.
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Hamzah, Sofiah, Jamali Sukaimi, and Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali. "Integration of Different Sintering Temperature of Hydroxyapatite and Polyethersulfone Membrane for Fouling Mitigation." Materials Science Forum 863 (August 2016): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.863.154.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite integration with polyethersulfone (PES) membrane towards fouling mitigation. PES membrane were modified through self- assembly technique with hydroxyapatite (form fish sclaes) which prepared at different sintering temperatures. This composite membrane were characterized concerning on permeability coefficient, membrane porosity, ATR-FTIR analysis fouling quantification. Overall results showed that PES membrane incorporated with hydroxyapatite sintered at 300°C (PES/FSHAp-300) promoted an excellent characteristics and performance. The membrane demonstrated high permeability coefficient and membrane porosity for about 93.52 L/m2.h and 89.78%, respectively. This kind of membrane was also presented the highest flux recovery ratio around 83.3% and this findings can be a good pathway for the design of low fouling membrane for enzyme separation.
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Alkindy, Maryam B., Vincenzo Naddeo, Fawzi Banat, and Shadi W. Hasan. "Synthesis of polyethersulfone (PES)/GO-SiO2 mixed matrix membranes for oily wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 7 (October 15, 2019): 1354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.347.
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Abstract The treatment of oily wastewater continues to pose a challenge in industries worldwide. Membranes have been investigated recently for their use in oily wastewater treatment due to their efficiency and relatively facile operational process. Graphene oxide (GO) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles have been found to improve membrane properties. In this study, a polyethersulfone (PES) based GO-SiO2 mixed matrix membrane (MMM) was fabricated, using the phase inversion technique, for the treatment of oil refinery wastewater. The PES/GO-SiO2 membrane exhibited the highest water flux (2,561 LMH) and a 38% increase in oil removal efficiency by comparison to a PES membrane. Compared to PES/GO and PES/SiO2 membranes, the PES/GO-SiO2 MMM also displayed the best overall properties in terms of tensile strength, water permeability, and hydrophilicity.
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Orooji, Ghasali, Emami, Noorisafa, and Razmjou. "ANOVA Design for the Optimization of TiO2 Coating on Polyether Sulfone Membranes." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162924.
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There have been developments in the optimization of polyether sulfone (PES) membranes, to provide antifouling and mechanically stable surfaces which are vital to water purification applications. There is a variety of approaches to prepare nanocomposite PES membranes. However, an optimized condition for making such membranes is in high demand. Using experimental design and statistical analysis (one-half fractional factorial design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters featured in the fabrication of membranes, as well as on the performance of a nanocomposite PES/TiO2 membrane. The optimized parameters obtained in this study are: exposure time of 60 s, immersion time above 10 h, glycerol time of 4 h, and a nonsolvent volumetric ratio (isopropanol/water) of 30/70 for PES and dimethylacetamide (PES-DMAc) membrane and 70/30 for PES and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (PES-NMP) membrane. A comparison of the contributory factors for different templating agents along with a nanocomposite membrane control, revealed that F127 triblock copolymer resulted in an excellent antifouling membrane with a higher bovine serum albumin rejection and flux recovery of 83.33%.
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Fahrina, Afrillia, Nasrul Arahman, Sri Aprilia, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Silmina Silmina, Widia Puspita Sari, Indah Maulana Sari, et al. "Functionalization of PEG-AgNPs Hybrid Material to Alleviate Biofouling Tendency of Polyethersulfone Membrane." Polymers 14, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091908.
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Membrane-based processes are a promising technology in water and wastewater treatments, to supply clean and secure water. However, during membrane filtration, biofouling phenomena severely hamper the performance, leading to permanent detrimental impacts. Moreover, regular chemical cleaning is ineffective in the long-run for overcoming biofouling, because it weakens the membrane structure. Therefore, the development of a membrane material with superior anti-biofouling performance is seen as an attractive option. Hydrophilic-anti-bacterial precursor polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs) were synthesized in this study, using a sol-gel method, to mitigate biofouling on the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane surface. The functionalization of the PEG-AgNP hybrid material on a PES membrane was achieved through a simple blending technique. The PES/PEG-AgNP membrane was manufactured via the non-solvent induced phase separation method. The anti-biofouling performance was experimentally measured as the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the prepared membrane, before and after incubation in E. coli culture for 48 h. Nanomaterial characterization confirmed that the PEG-AgNPs had hydrophilic-anti-bacterial properties. The substantial improvements in membrane performance after adding PEG-AgNPs were evaluated in terms of the water flux and FRR after the membranes experienced biofouling. The results showed that the PEG-AgNPs significantly increased the water flux of the PES membrane, from 2.87 L·m−2·h−1 to 172.84 L·m−2·h−1. The anti-biofouling performance of the PES pristine membrane used as a benchmark showed only 1% FRR, due to severe biofouling. In contrast, the incorporation of PEG-AgNPs in the PES membrane decreased live bacteria by 98%. It enhanced the FRR of anti-biofouling up to 79%, higher than the PES/PEG and PES/Ag membranes.
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Pasaoglu, Mehmet Emin, Serkan Guclu, and Ismail Koyuncu. "Polyethersulfone/polyacrylonitrile blended ultrafiltration membranes: preparation, morphology and filtration properties." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (June 4, 2016): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.252.
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Polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes have been paid attention among membrane research subjects. However, very few studies are included in the literature. In our study, asymmetric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of PES/PAN with phase inversion method using water as coagulation bath. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with Mw of 10,000 Da was used as pore former agent. N,N-dimethylformamide was used as solvent. The effects of different percentage of PVP and PES/PAN composition on morphology and water filtration properties were investigated. Membrane performances were examined using pure water and lake water filtration studies. Performances of pure water were less with the addition of PAN into the PES polymer casting solutions. However, long-term water filtration tests showed that PES/PAN blend membranes anti-fouling properties were much higher than the neat PES membranes. The contact angles of PES/PAN membranes were lower than neat PES membranes because of PAN addition in PES polymer casting solutions. Furthermore, it was found that PES/PAN blend UF membranes' dynamic mechanical analysis properties in terms of Young's modules were less than neat PES membrane because of decreasing amount of PES polymer.
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De, Sneha, Jonathan Heer, Suwetha Sankar, Fabian Geiger, Ephraim Gukelberger, Francesco Galiano, Raffaella Mancuso, Bartolo Gabriele, Alberto Figoli, and Jan Hoinkis. "Study on UF PES Membranes Spray-Coated with Polymerizable Bicontinuous Microemulsion Materials for Low-Fouling Behavior." Membranes 13, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13120893.
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The low-fouling propensity of commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) membranes was studied after modification of the membrane surface via coating with polymerizable bicontinuous microemulsion (PBM) materials. The PBM coating was polymerized within 1 min using ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. It was detected on the PES membrane surface via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The PBM coating led to an average 10% increase in the hydrophilicity of the PES membrane surface and an increase in total organic content (TOC) removal by more than 15%. Flux-step tests were conducted with model foulant comprising 100 mg L−1 humic acid (HA) solution to detect the onset of critical fouling, characterized by a rapid and substantial increase in TMP, and to compare the fouling propensity of commercially available PES membranes with PBM-coated membranes. The critical flux was found to be about 40% higher for PBM spray-coated membrane and 20% lower for PBM casting-coated membrane than the commercial PES membrane. This demonstrates the performance advantages of the thin PBM layer spray-coated on PES membrane compared to the thick casting-coated PBM layer. The study showcases the potential of PBM spray-coated membranes over commercial PES membranes for use in membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment systems with reduced maintenance over longer operation periods.
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Arahman, Nasrul, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Diki Sukma Windana, Afrillia Fahrina, Silmina Silmina, Teuku Maimun, Sri Mulyati, et al. "Antimicrobial Hydrophilic Membrane Formed by Incorporation of Polymeric Surfactant and Patchouli Oil." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223872.
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Membrane properties are highly affected by the composition of the polymer solutions that make up the membrane material and their influence in the filtration performance on the separation or purification process. This paper studies the effects of the addition of pluronic (Plu) and patchouli oil (PO) in a polyethersulfone (PES) solution on the membrane morphology, membrane hydrophilicity, and filtration performance in the pesticide removal compound in the water sample. Three types of membranes with the composition of PES, PES + Plu, and PES + Plu + patchouli oil were prepared through a polymer phase inversion technique in an aqueous solvent. The resulting membranes were then analyzed and tested for their mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, antimicrobial properties, and filtration performance (cross-flow ultrafiltration). The results show that all of the prepared membranes could reject 75% of the pesticide. The modification of the PES membrane with Plu was shown to increase the overall pore size by altering the pore morphology of the pristine PES, which eventually increased the permeation flux of the ultrafiltration process. Furthermore, patchouli oil added antimicrobial properties, potentially minimizing the biofilm formation on the membrane surface.
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Mohamad, Siti Hawa, M. I. Idris, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "Preparation of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane Surface Coated with TiO2 Nanoparticles and Irradiated under UV Light." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.877.
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This paper focuses on performance of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and irradiated with UV light. The flat sheet membrane was prepared via phase inversion method, with two types of membrane; TiO2 coated PES membrane and UV irradiated TiO2 coated PES membrane. TiO2 suspension with concentration of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 wt.% were prepared and coated on the PES surface via dip coating. Membrane was immersed in all suspension for 15 minutes and 30 minutes. Then, prepared coated membranes were irradiated by 184 Watts UV lamp for 15 minutes. The performance of membranes was examined by permeation of humic acid. The morphology of membranes was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was revealed that the pure water flux and humic acid permeation of UV irradiated TiO2 coated membrane was higher than TiO2 coated membrane. It can be concluded that TiO2 coated with 0.03 wt.% of suspension, 30 minutes and 15 minutes UV irradiation with 184 Watt light were determined as the optimum conditions for preparation ultrafiltration PES membrane.
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Efendi, Januar, Sri Aprilia, and Fauzi M. Djuned. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH ADDITIVE MODIFIED POLIESTER BASED MEMBRANE." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 18, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v18i2.26297.
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Recently, Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer material based on flat sheet membranes reached much attention in membrane technology. However, PES polymer has low hydrophilicity. This study describes PES-based membranes incorporating fly ash as an additive. The first analysis was conducted by Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscope, tensile strength, and porosity tests. Four membranes, including pure PES membranes, were prepared via the phase inversion process, namely MA–0, MA–0.1, MA–1, and MS–1. The characteristics of the membrane samples were analyzed in terms of chemical group, morphology, mechanical and membrane surface hydrophilicity. The characterization results show that additive incorporation increased pure water flux performance, and the highest pure water permeability increased up to 70% by the MA–1 membrane. Moreover, it increased by 19% compared to pure silica-modified PES membrane (MS–1). In addition, the MA-1 membrane at a pressure of 3 bar reached significant performance in the trend of pure water flux values because of these improvements in membrane characteristics. The membrane also shows a higher tensile strength with adding additives to the membrane prepared.
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Junaidi, Nurul Fattin Diana, Nur Hidayati Othman, Munawar Zaman Shahruddin, Nur Hashimah Alias, Woe Jye Lau, and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail. "Effect of graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) additives on the hydrophilicity of composite polyethersulfone (PES) membrane." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n3.1209.
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Membrane based separation system is considered as a promising technology to purify water, owing to its simplicity and efficiency in operation. However, the application is limited by membrane fouling, which can lead to the declination of water flux and premature failure of membrane. The fouling can be controlled through membrane surface modification by blending hydrophilic materials during the casting solution preparation. Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane is naturally hydrophobic due to lack of oxygen functional group, which limits its application in the filtration of water. Therefore, modification of PES-based membranes is required. In this work, modification of the PES membrane was carried out by incorporating carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene oxide (GO)) and a well-known organic polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)). The effect of each additive toward the hydrophilicity of composite PES membrane was then investigated. GO was synthesized using modified Hummers method due to its simpler and shorter process. Each additive was added during the casting solution preparation and the amount added was varied from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%. The resultant composite PES membranes were characterized using XRD, FTIR and TGA prior to hydrophilicity and pure water flux (PWF) measurement. It was observed that the additives (PVP and GO) have significantly affected the membranes hydrophilicity, resulting in lower contact angle and higher pure water flux. The highest value of PWF (230 L/m2.h) with lowest contact angle (42 °) were observed for PES-1.0GOPVP membrane due to high amount of GO and PVP. Improved PWF performance of composite PES-1.0GOPVP membrane was attributed to the better dispersibility of the PVP and GO and increased surface hydrophilicity of the modified composite membranes. This study indicated that PVP and GO are effective modifiers to enhance the performance of PES membrane
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Hamzah, Norzakiah, Fasihah Johary, Rosiah Rohani, Syazrin Syima Sharifuddin, and Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa. "Development of polyethersulfone (PES)/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n4.1613.
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Polyethersulfone (PES) is a polymeric material that is commonly used due to its chemical resistance, high mechanical strength, and thermal stability. The improvement of PES hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties can be facilitated by mixing additives into the polymer casting solution. This study involved the preparation and characterization of PES/pluronic F108/chitosan/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane. The modified PES membrane was developed by employing the phase inversion method via immersion precipitation. The effect of varying concentration of rGO nanocomposite ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 wt% in the fabricated membrane was evaluated in terms of membrane pure water permeation (PWP), salt rejection, morphology, and hydrophilicity. Images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed increasing rGO nanocomposite concentration in the casting solution, resulted in the increase in membrane sub layer thickness, hydrophilicity, salt rejection, and improvement in the membrane pore structure. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the hydrophilic functional group and chemical compound in the prepared membrane. PES with 0.20 wt% of rGO nanocomposite obtained the highest PWP at 28.64 (L/m2h) at 5 bar pressure, whereas the highest rejections of monovalent and multivalent salt were obtained by PES with 0.15 wt% rGO nanocomposite with 75% and 89% rejections, respectively at 5 bar pressure. This study shows that the utilization of rGO nanocomposite as an additive in the PES casting solution can enhance nanofiltration membrane performance and morphological structure.
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Widiyanti, Silvia, Mita Nurhayati, Hendrawan Hendrawan, Boon Seng Ooi, and Fitri Khoerunnisa. "Synthesis and Characterization of PES/PEG/PVA/SiO2 Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membrane." Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jfpc.v2i2.120.
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This study aims to synthesis and characterize PES/PEG/PVA/SiO2 composite membranes. The composite membranes were synthesized by phase inversion method with composition (% w/w) Polyethersulfone/ PES (17.25), Polyvinylalcohol/ PVA (3.58; 0.85; 1.43; 2.57; 3.57, Polyethylene glycol/ PEG (3.72), Silica/SiO2 (0.35; 0.85; 1.43; 2.57; 3.57), and Dimethyl acetamide/DMAc solvent. Composite membranes were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle. The results showed that the interaction between PES, PVA, and SiO2 was indicated by a shift in the typical absorption spectrum of the FTIR. SEM cross-sectional photos showed that the addition of PVA and SiO2 caused significant changes in the morphology and pore structure of the PES membrane. The results of the X-ray diffractogram (X-Ray) showed a shift in the typical diffraction peaks of PES, PEG, PVA and the presence of new diffraction peaks of SiO2. The crystallinity of the membrane increased from 34.99% to 57.25% which indicated that the composite membrane was successfully synthesized. The addition of PEG/PVA/SiO2 also increased the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the PES/PEG/PVA/SiO2 composite membrane has been synthesized through the phase inversion method with the optimum composition of PES: PEG: PVA: SiO2 was 17.25%: 3.72%: 0.85%: 0.35%, respectively. The addition of PEG/PVA/SiO2 increased the hydrophilicity and modified the morphological structure of the PES membrane.
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Jaber, Lubna, Ismail W. Almanassra, Sumina Namboorimadathil Backer, Viktor Kochkodan, Abdallah Shanableh, and Muataz Ali Atieh. "A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles on the Physicochemical Properties of Hybrid Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111143.
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Numerous studies have been previously reported on the use of nanoscale carbonaceous fillers, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), in polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes; however, no insight has been clearly reported on which material provides the best enhancements in membrane performance. In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out to establish a comprehensible understanding of the physicochemical properties of hybrid polyethersulfone (PES) UF membranes incorporated with MWCNTs and GO nanoparticles at various concentrations. The hybrid membranes were prepared via the non-solvent-induced phase separation process and further characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM images showed homogeneous membrane surfaces with a reduction in the membrane surface roughness from 2.62 nm for bare PES to 2.39 nm for PES/MWCNTs and to 1.68 nm for PES/GO membranes due to improved hydrophilicity of the membranes. Physicochemical properties of the hybrid PES membranes were assessed, and the outcomes showed an enhancement in the porosity, pore size, water contact angle, and water permeability with respect to nanoparticle concentration. GO-incorporated PES membranes exhibited the highest porosity, pore size, and lowest contact angle as compared to PES/MWCNTs, indicating the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles within the membrane structure. PES/MWCNTs (0.5 wt.%) and PES/GO (1.0 wt.%) hybrid membranes exhibited the highest water flux of 450.0 and 554.8 L m−2 h−1, respectively, at an applied operating pressure of 1 bar. The filtration and antifouling performance of the PES hybrid membranes were evaluated using 50 mg L−1 of humic acid (HA) as a foulant at pH = 7. Compared to the bare PES membrane, the MWCNTs and GO-incorporated PES hybrid membranes exhibited enhanced permeability and HA removal. Moreover, PES/MWCNTs (0.5 wt.%) and PES/GO (1 wt.%) hybrid membranes reported HA rejection of 90.8% and 94.8%, respectively. The abundant oxygen-containing functional groups in GO-incorporated PES membranes resulted in more hydrophilic membranes, leading to enhanced permeability and fouling resistance. The antifouling properties and flux recovery ratio were improved by the addition of both nanoparticles. Given these findings, although both MWCNTs and GO nanoparticles are seen to notably improve the membrane performance, PES membranes with 1 wt.% GO loading provided the highest removal of natural organic matter, such as HA, under the same experimental conditions.
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Nurmalasari, Enny, Hasnah Ulia, Apsari Puspita Aini, Agung Kurnia Yahya, and Yunita Fahni. "Metode Modifikasi Membran Polietersulfon (PES) Untuk Meningkatkan Antifouling−Mini Review Modifikasi Membran." Eksergi 20, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v20i2.9596.
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Polyethersulfone (PES) is the most common material in various medical and water treatment applications because of its excellent mechanical and thermal properties. The hydrophobicity of polyethersulfone is considered as one of the main drawbacks because the hydrophobic surface causes a high biofouling effect on the membrane, so it has limitations in using Polietersulfon PES membrane technology. Modification of PES membranes is an important topic to be continuously developed to improve the properties of PES membranes. Membrane modifications focus on increasing the hydrophilicity, selectivity, and stability of membranes that are expected to be used commercially. Modifications were made to change the hydrophobic membrane surface into a hydrophilic membrane with good mechanical properties by introducing hydrophilic properties and functional groups to the polyethersulfone membrane surface. This review includes reviews and discussions on modifying PES membranes by mixing, coating, and grafting methods. In particular, adding functional groups to polyethersulfone is a suitable method for introducing hydrophilic properties. The addition of nanomaterials to the surface of the polyethersulfone membrane by mixing, coating, grafting, and combinations significantly increases the surface of the membrane, and all modifications affect the surface roughness of the membrane.
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Zhu, Shu, Mengqi Shi, Song Zhao, Zhi Wang, Jixiao Wang, and Shichang Wang. "Preparation and characterization of a polyethersulfone/polyaniline nanocomposite membrane for ultrafiltration and as a substrate for a gas separation membrane." RSC Advances 5, no. 34 (2015): 27211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16951d.
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PES/PANI nanocomposite membrane displayed excellent flux and antifouling property for UF. Meanwhile, PES/PANI non-woven fabrics supported membrane performed as a suitable substrate for gas separation membrane with PVAm selective layer.
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Casino, Pablo, Asunción López, Sara Peiró, Santiago Rios, Aldous Porta, Gemma Agustí, Daniela Terlevich, Daniel Asensio, Ana María Marqués, and Núria Piqué. "Polyethersulfone (PES) Filters Improve the Recovery of Legionella spp. and Enhance Selectivity against Interfering Microorganisms in Water Samples." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 13, 2023): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122670.
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In the analysis of water samples, the type of filtration membrane material can influence the recovery of Legionella species, although this issue has been poorly investigated. Filtration membranes (0.45 µm) from different materials and manufacturers (numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were compared: mixed cellulose esters (MCEs), nitrocellulose (NC), and polyethersulfone (PES). After membrane filtration of samples, filters were placed directly onto GVPC agar and incubated at 36 ± 2 °C. The highest mean counts of colony-forming units and colony sizes for Legionella pneumophila and Legionella anisa were obtained with PES filters (p < 0.001). All membranes placed on GVPC agar totally inhibited Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19443 and ATCC 29212, whereas only the PES filter from manufacturer 3 (3-PES) totally inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PES membrane performance also differed according to the manufacturer, with 3-PES providing the best productivity and selectivity. In real water samples, 3-PES also produced a higher Legionella recovery and better inhibition of interfering microorganisms. These results support the use of PES membranes in methods where the filter is placed directly on the culture media and not only in procedures where membrane filtration is followed by a washing step (according to ISO 11731:2017).
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Hirashige, Takayuki, Tomoichi Kamo, Takao Ishikawa, and Takeyuki Itabashi. "Development of Inorganic-organic Membranes Consisting of ZrO2·nH2O and Sulfonated-PES for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 15, no. 2 (January 27, 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v15i2.75.
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We investigated inorganic-organic membranes consisting of sulfonated-poly(ether sulfone) (S-PES) and ZrO2·nH2O with the aim of improving proton conductivity and blocking methanol. We prepared excellent uniform membranes by the method using ZrOCl28H2O as a precursor. The proton conductivity of the ZrO2·nH2O/S-PES (EW=850) composite membrane with 50wt% ZrO2·nH2O content was about four times higher than that of S-PES (EW=850). On the other hand, the methanol permeability of the ZrO2·nH2O/S-PES (EW=850) composite membrane with 50wt% ZrO2·nH2O content was almost the same as that of S-PES (EW=850). These results mean in the composite membranes, the trade-off relationship between proton conductivity and methanol permeability found in S-PES was improved. The initial I-V performance of an MEA consisting of the ZrO2·nH2O/S-PES (EW=850) composite membrane with 50wt% ZrO2·nH2O content showed a maximum power density of 65 mW cm-2 at 260 mA cm-2.
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Mukherjee, Mohana, and Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya. "Engineered polyethersulfone membrane for well-dispersed silver nanoparticle impregnation at high loading: high water permeate flux and biofouling prevention." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.218.
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Abstract We present a new method for impregnation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) at high loading on polyethersulfone (PES) membrane's external surface, simultaneously retaining native membrane's porosity – to achieve a high water permeate flux without biofouling. This was possible by PES membrane's surface modification with acrylic acid (AA), finally leading to AA-Ag-PES membrane. AA-Ag-PES had a high (9.04%) Ag-NP loading selectively on membrane surface, as discrete, smaller (mean size: 20 nm) nanoparticles (NPs). In nonfunctionalized Ag-PES, aggregated (mean size: 70 nm) NPs, with lower Ag loading (0.73 wt.%) was obtained, with NP being present both on membrane surface and inside pores. Consequently, AA-Ag-PES could maintain similar water permeability and porosity (10,153.05 Lm−2 h−1bar−1 and 69.98%, respectively), as in native PES (11,368.74 Lm−2 h−1bar−1 and 68.86%, respectively); whereas both parameters dropped significantly for Ag-PES (4,869.66 Lm−2 h−1bar−1 and 49.02%, respectively). AA-Ag-PES also showed least flux reduction (7.7%) due to its anti-biofouling property and high flux recovery after usage and cleaning, compared to native PES and Ag-PES membrane's much higher flux reduction (54.29% and 36.7%, respectively). Hence, discrete NP impregnation, avoiding pore blockage, is key for achieving high water flux and anti-biofouling properties (in AA-Ag-PES), compared to non-functionalized Ag-PES, due to aggregated Ag-NPs inside its pores.
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Muliawati, E. C., A. Budianto, and A. Hamid. "Promising Potential of Eugenol (Clove) Based Organic Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2117, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2117/1/012037.
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Abstract Fuel cell is one of alternative method to replace fossil fuel energy. The important component of fuel cell is a membrane that used for separating cathode and anode also as a proton conductor. The purpose of this research is to produce polymer electrolyte membrane from poly (eugenol sulfonate) (PES) as polymer matrix, characterize the resulting membrane analysis using ionic properties analysis by calculating ionic conductivity using impedance spectroscopy, ion exchange capacity (IEC), solvent absorption analysis by calculating water uptake and methanol permeability, and studying mechanism Proton transport that occurs on the membrane. This research was initiated by making polymer of PES, and then fabrication and characterization of electrolytic polymer membrane. The formed membrane has an optimal proton conductivity of 0.00095 S.cm-1 with PES composition of 22% (wt).
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Islam, Md Shoriful, Shingo Ema, Md Mahamodun Nabi, Md Muedur Rahman, A. S. M. Waliullah, Jing Yan, Rafia Ferdous, et al. "Comparative analyses of adsorbed circulating proteins in the PMMA and PES hemodiafilters in patients on predilution online hemodiafiltration." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 19, 2024): e0299757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299757.
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Acute and chronic inflammation are common in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). So, the adsorption of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the hollow fiber of the dialysis membrane has been expected to modify the inflammatory dysregulation in ESKD patients. However, it remains to be determined in detail what molecules of fiber materials can preferably adsorb proteins from the circulating circuit. We aimed this study to analyze directly the adsorbed proteins in the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethersulfone (PES) membranes in patients on predilution online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF). To compare the adsorbed proteins in the PMMA and PES hemodiafilters membrane, we initially performed predilution OL-HDF using the PES (MFX-25Seco) membrane while then switched to the PMMA (PMF™-A) membrane under the same condition in three patients. We extracted proteins from the collected hemodiafilters by extraction, then SDS-PAGE of the extracted sample, protein isolation, in-gel tryptic digestion, and nano-LC MS/MS analyses. The concentrations of adsorbed proteins from the PMMA and PES membrane extracts were 35.6±7.9 μg/μL and 26.1±9.2 μg/μL. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed distinct variations of adsorbed proteins mainly in the molecular weight between 10 to 25 kDa. By tryptic gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis, the PMMA membrane exhibited higher adsorptions of β2 microglobulin, dermcidin, retinol-binding protein-4, and lambda-1 light chain than those from the PES membrane. In contrast, amyloid A-1 protein was adsorbed more potently in the PES membrane. Western blot analyses revealed that the PMMA membrane adsorbed interleukin-6 (IL-6) approximately 5 to 118 times compared to the PES membrane. These findings suggest that PMMA-based OL-HDF therapy may be useful in controlling inflammatory status in ESKD patients.
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Ma, Chunyan, Chao Yi, Fang Li, Chensi Shen, Zhiwei Wang, Wolfgang Sand, and Yanbiao Liu. "Mitigation of Membrane Fouling Using an Electroactive Polyether Sulfone Membrane." Membranes 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10020021.
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Membrane fouling is the bottleneck limiting the wide application of membrane processes. Herein, we adopted an electroactive polyether sulfone (PES) membrane capable of mitigating fouling by various negatively charged foulants. To evaluate anti-fouling performance and the underlying mechanism of this electroactive PES membrane, three types of model foulants were selected rationally (e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA) as non-migratory foulants, yeast as a proliferative foulant and emulsified oil as a spreadable foulant). Water flux and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency in the filtering process of various foulants were tested under an electric field. Results suggest that under electrochemical assistance, the electroactive PES membrane has an enhanced anti-fouling efficacy. Furthermore, a low electrical field was also effective in mitigating the membrane fouling caused by a mixture of various foulants (containing BSA, SA, yeast and emulsified oil). This result can be attributed to the presence of electrostatic repulsion, which keeps foulants away from the membrane surface. Thereby it hinders the formation of a cake layer and mitigates membrane pore blocking. This work implies that an electrochemical control might provide a promising way to mitigate membrane fouling.
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Zhu, T., Y. H. Xie, J. Jiang, Y. T. Wang, H. J. Zhang, and T. Nozaki. "Comparative study of polyvinylidene fluoride and PES flat membranes in submerged MBRs to treat domestic wastewater." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.849.
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Two kinds of membranes, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES), were used in submerged flat membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to treat domestic wastewater in this study. The MBRs ran under the same reactor structure, the same membrane pore size of 0.45 μm and the same anoxic/ oxic (A/O) process. The experimental results showed that: (1) With the influent of BOD5 200–500 mg/L and CODCr 400–1,000 mg/L, PVDF MBR achieved the removal efficiencies of BOD5 96–98% and CODCr 89–98%, and those were 97–99% and 93–97% in PES MBR. The interceptive efficiency of PES membrane to BOD5 and CODCr was superior to PVDF membrane. (2) The removal efficiencies of TN and NH3-N in two MBRs exhibited good results which were greater than 85%. The removal efficiencies of TP were greater than 80% in both MBRs. (3) MLSS concentration changed from 2,000 mg/L to 7,000 mg/L during the experiment. PES membrane was not washed and the membrane flux was steady. However, the flux of PVDF one decreased quickly and was washed for twice. It meant that PES membrane had fine capability than PVDF one.
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Wu, Haiyan, Ling Wang, Wentao Xu, Zehai Xu, and Guoliang Zhang. "Preparation of a CAB−GO/PES Mixed Matrix Ultrafiltration Membrane and Its Antifouling Performance." Membranes 13, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020241.
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Serious membrane fouling has limited the development of ultrafiltration membrane technology for water purification. Synthesis of an ultrafiltration membrane with prominent anti-fouling ability is of vital importance. In this study, CAB−GO composite nanosheets were prepared by grafting graphene oxide (GO) with a zwitterionic material cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) with strong antifouling properties. Anti-fouling CAB−GO/PES mixed matrix ultrafiltration membrane (CGM) was prepared by the phase inversion method with polyethersulfone (PES). Due to its electrostatic interaction, the interlayer distance between CAB−GO nanosheets was increased, and the dispersibility of GO was improved to large extent, thereby effectively avoiding the phenomenon of GO agglomeration in organic solvents. Based on the improvement of the surface porosity and surface hydrophilicity of the CAB−GO/PES mixed matrix membrane, the pure water flux of CGM−1.0 can reach 461 L/(m2·h), which was 2.5 times higher than that of the original PES membrane, and the rejection rates toward BSA and HA were above 96%. Moreover, when the content of CAB−GO was 0.1 wt%, the prepared CAB−GO/PES membrane exhibited very high BSA (99.1%) and HA (98.1%) rejection during long-term operation, indicating excellent anti-fouling ability.
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Ma, Feng, Yu Zhong Zhang, Xiao Li Ding, Li Gang Lin, and Hong Li. "Preparation and Characterization of PES/SPSF Blend Ultrafiltration Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.37.
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Polyethersulfone(PES)/Sulfonated polysulfone(SPSF) blend ultrafiltration membranes at different SPSF contents were prepared using a phase inversion technique. The morphological structures of PES/SPSF blend ultrafiltration membranes with different sulfonation degree were characterized using SEM. The results shown that the PES/SPSF blend ultrafiltration membranes had good retention to PEG1000 (99.8%) and high water permeate flux (27.2Lm-2h-1) at 0.1MPa.
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Dang, Jingchuan, Yatao Zhang, Zhan Du, Haoqin Zhang, and Jindun Liu. "Antibacterial properties of PES/CuCl2 three-bore hollow fiber UF membrane." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.238.
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In this study, a three-bore polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with antibacterial properties was prepared by phase inversion, using PES as the membrane material, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and CuCl2 as additives. The effect of CuCl2 content on the water flux and rejection was studied and the antibacterial properties of PES hollow fiber UF membrane were also investigated. The water flux results indicated that the hydrophilic properties of PES UF membranes were improved after adding CuCl2. The rejection of PVA-50000 was expected to drop slightly but remain high above 96%. The membranes showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) after adding CuCl2 and the antibacterial rate of PES/CuCl2 UF membranes was close to 100% after running for 48 h. PES hollow fiber UF membranes with antibacterial properties were prepared through the formation of the water-soluble PVP/Cu2+ complex with spatial network structure, which have good antibacterial and hydrophilic properties. Therefore, this study could provide an effective method for membrane antifouling.
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Demirkol, Guler Turkoglu, Nadir Dizge, Turkan Ormanci Acar, Oyku Mutlu Salmanli, and Nese Tufekci. "Influence of nanoparticles on filterability of fruit-juice industry wastewater using submerged membrane bioreactor." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.255.
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In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane surface was modified with nano-sized zinc oxide (nZnO) and silver (nAg) to improve the membrane filterability of the mixed liquor and used to treat fruit-juice industry wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR). The nAg was synthesized using three different methods. In the first method, named as nAg-M1, PES membrane was placed on the membrane module and nAg solution was passed through the membrane for 24 h at 25 ± 1 °C. In the second method, named as nAg-M2, PES membrane was placed in a glass container and it was shaken for 24 h at 150 rpm at 25 ± 1 °C. In the third method, named as nAg-M3, Ag nanoparticles were loaded onto PES membrane in L-ascorbic acid solution (0.1 mol/L) at pH 2 for 24 h at 150 rpm at 25 ± 1 °C. For the preparation of nZnO coated membrane, nZnO nanoparticles solution was passed through the membrane for 24 h at 25 ± 1 °C. Anti-fouling performance of pristine and coated membranes was examined using the submerged MBR. The results showed that nZnO and nAg-M3 membranes showed lower flux decline compared with pristine membrane. Moreover, pristine and coated PES membranes were characterized using a permeation test, contact angle goniometer, and scanning electron microscopy.
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Poon, Yan Kee, Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim, Qi Hwa Ng, Peng Yong Hoo, Nur Yasmin Abdullah, Amira Nasib, and Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Self-Cleaning TiO2/PES Mixed Matrix Membranes in the Removal of Humic Acid." Membranes 13, no. 4 (March 24, 2023): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040373.
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Membrane application is widespread in water filtration to remove natural organic matter (NOM), especially humic acid. However, there is a significant concern in membrane filtration, which is fouling, which will cause a reduction in the membrane life span, a high energy requirement, and a loss in product quality. Therefore, the effect of a TiO2/PES mixed matrix membrane on different concentrations of TiO2 photocatalyst and different durations of UV irradiation was studied in removing humic acid to determine the anti-fouling and self-cleaning effects. The TiO2 photocatalyst and TiO2/PES mixed matrix membrane synthesised were characterised using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle, and porosity. The performances of TiO2/PES membranes of 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.% were evaluated via a cross-flow filtration system regarding anti-fouling and self-cleaning effects. After that, all the membranes were irradiated under UV for either 2, 10, or 20 min. A TiO2/PES mixed matrix membrane of 3 wt.% was proved to have the best anti-fouling and self-cleaning effect with improved hydrophilicity. The optimum duration for UV irradiation of the TiO2/PES mixed matrix membrane was 20 min. Furthermore, the fouling behaviour of mixed matrix membranes was fitted to the intermediate blocking model. Adding TiO2 photocatalyst into the PES membrane enhanced the anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties.
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Tan, Nee Nee, Qi Hwa Ng, Enche Ab Rahim Siti Kartini, Chin Wei Heah, Thiam Leng Chew, Hoo Peng Yong, and Tri Wicaksono Sigit. "Studies on Antifouling Characteristic of the Magnetic Field Induced-PES-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Membrane for Water Remediation." Key Engineering Materials 930 (August 31, 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-f93xgh.
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In this study Fe3O4-polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were prepared in the present of a magnetic field or without a magnetic field by using the phase inversion process. A comparison of membrane properties was investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine the morphology and chemical composition of the prepared membranes. Furthermore, the fouling analysis of the non-magnetized and magnetized Fe3O4-PES membranes were also conducted through the filtration study. The pure water flux of membranes increased from 158.49±11.96 L/m2·hr (neat PES) to 187.06±6.54 L/m2·hr (magnetized Fe3O4-PES). These results showed that the magnetized Fe3O4-PES membrane not only had the high pure water flux but also had a high humic acid (HA) rejection and good antifouling ability. As such, magnetized Fe3O4-PES membrane had excellent comprehensive properties which could use for water remediation.
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Hong, Sungtaek, Sungwoo Park, and Jin Yong Park. "Role of Titanium Dioxide-Immobilized PES Beads in a Combined Water Treatment System of Tubular Alumina Microfiltration and PES Beads." Membranes 13, no. 9 (August 25, 2023): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090757.
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The membrane process has a limit to the decay of various pollutants in water. To improve the problem, the roles of backwashing media and titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst-immobilized-polyethersulfone (PES) beads’ concentration were investigated in a combined system of tubular alumina MF and the PES beads for advanced drinking water treatment. The space between the outside of the MF membrane and the module inside was filled with the PES beads. UV at a wavelength of 352 nm was irradiated from outside of the acryl module. A quantity of humic acid and kaolin was dissolved in distilled water for synthetic water. Water or air intermittent backwashing was performed outside to inside. The membrane fouling resistance after 3 h process (Rf,180) was minimum at 30 g/L of the PES beads for water backwashing, and at 40 g/L for air backwashing when increasing the PES beads from 0 to 50 g/L. The irreversible membrane fouling resistance after physical cleaning (Rif) was at the bottom at 5 g/L of the PES beads for water backwashing, which was 3.43 times higher than minimal at 40 g/L of the PES beads for air backwashing. The treatment effectiveness of turbidity increased when increasing the PES beads’ concentration from 0 to 50 g/L; however, it reached a maximum at 98.1% at 40 g/L and 99.2% at 50 g/L for water and air backwashing, respectively. The treatment effectiveness of UV254 absorbance, which was dissolved organic matter (DOM), increased dramatically when increasing the PES beads; however, it reached a peak of 83.0% at 40 g/L and 86.0% at 50 g/L for water and air backwashing, respectively. Finally, the best PES beads’ concentration was 20~30 g/L to minimize the membrane fouling; however, it was 50 g/L to remove pollutants effectively. The water backwashing was better than the air at treating DOM; however, the air backwashing was more effective than the water at removing turbid matter and reducing membrane fouling.
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Dzihninafira, Haifa, Abd Mujahid Hamdan, and Fachrul Razi. "Microplastic Removal in Krueng Aceh River Water Using Ultrafiltration Membrane from Polyethersulfone Polymer (PES)." IJCA (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis) 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijca.vol6.iss2.art7.
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The Company's input pipes contained microplastics, per the preliminary test findings. While the water yield produced by PDAM Tirta Daroy contains 150 particles/L, the Tirta Daroy Drinking Water Area has 275 particles/L. Microplastics found in the water pose a major risk to living beings if they are consumed. This work aims to characterize the properties, flux, and polyethersulfone (PES) membrane rejection coefficient, which were made utilizing the phase inversion technique with a solvent and additives called N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). In Sungai Krueng Aceh, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is utilized to filter out microplastics from the water. Results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination of Membrane Morphology demonstrate that the resulting membrane is an asymmetrical membrane of two layers, the upper layer relatively thin and the lower layer porous. When compared to the PES membrane when it was 15% DMF/TiO2, the 20% DMF/TiO2 membrane exhibits a finger-like cross-sectional structure called a macrovoid) with more and larger numbers. Analysis of the microplastic rejection coefficients proved the effectiveness of PES, DMF, and TiO2 membranes in removing microplastics. Results of tests on the effectiveness of rejecting microplastics after undergoing process filtration with a microplastic rejection coefficient of 94% and 14.2 particles/L utilizing a 20% PES/DMF/TiO2 membrane Performance of PES membranes: The PES membrane with 20% DMF/TiO2 has a water flux of 0.467 L/m2.hour compared to 15% DMF/TiO2 0.733 L/m2.hour. This study's findings on membrane Ultrafiltration have the potential to be used as a water filter standard in PDAM.
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Gonzaga, Karen, and Jose Carlos Mierzwa. "Comparison between two Polyethersulfone concentrations in hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes. Is it worth to use more polymer?" Eclética Química Journal 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v46.1.2021.p52-60.
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Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated using dry-jet wet spinning technique, a phase inversion method, with 16 and 20% PES, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and tap water as nonsolvent, in order to evaluate if the amount of polymer has a significant effect on its properties. They were characterized using SEM for a morphological analysis, a continuous system to measure pure water permeability (PWP) and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), and a universal testing machine to tensile tests. The obtained results for PWP was an average of about 220 L m- ² h-1 bar-1 for the 16% PES membrane and 174 L m- ² h-1 bar-1 for the 20% PES membrane. The results of mechanical resistance and MWCO did not present statistical differences. Thus, it is confirmed that the 16% PES membrane can be as good as the 20%, despite using less polymer, a finding that can further motivate membrane modification studies and other related works.
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Arahman, Nasrul, Jakfar Jakfar, Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah, Nur Halimah, Silmina Silmina, Muhammad Prayogie Aulia, Afrillia Fahrina, and Muhammad Roil Bilad. "Hydrophilic Antimicrobial Polyethersulfone Membrane for Removal of Turbidity of Well-Water." Water 14, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 3769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223769.
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Membrane-based technologies have been widely used for surface water treatment. Yet, many aspects of this technology can still be improved. This study aims to develop polyethersulfone (PES)-based phase-inverted membranes to improve the morphological structure, antimicrobial properties, and performance by incorporating Poloxamer 188 and patchouli oil as the dope solution additives. The performance of the membrane was assessed for filtration of well water and by evaluating the turbidity rejection. This study used a phase inversion technique in the membrane manufacturing process with PES, PES + P188 + 1 wt% PO, PES + P188 + 3 wt% PO, and PES + P188 + 7 wt% PO. The characteristics of the obtained membranes were studied in terms of structure and morphology, microbial growth prevention, hydrophilicity, filtration flux, and ability to reduce the turbidity of well water samples. Results show that the addition of Poloxamer 188 and patchouli oil in the dope solution turned the membrane more porous (up to 73.24% increase in porosity) and more hydrophilic (the water contact angle (WCA) was lowered from 70 to 37°). The additives also increased the antibacterial properties of the membrane, as shown by up to 97.5% reducing Escherichia coli colonies on the membrane surface. Overall, the results demonstrate significant improvements in the characteristics and performance of PES membranes by incorporating Poloxamer 188 co-polymer and patchouli oil as additives in the dope solution. The modified membrane was successfully applied to remove turbidity from a water sample. The turbidity parameters in well water samples could be fully reduced in nine out of ten samples by the membrane containing 7 wt% PO additives.
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Abdullah, Asyrine, Prakash Peechmani, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Mohd Hafiz Puteh, Juhana Jaafar, Muklis A. Rahman, and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail. "Removal of Organic Dye in Wastewater Using Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane." Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 26, no. 2 (July 25, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v26n2.238.
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In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes (HFM) were fabricated with different weight percentage (wt. %) of polymer at 16 wt. %, 18 wt. % and 20 wt. %, in order to study the impact of polymer weight percentages on membrane properties and its dye rejection performance. Microfiltration HFM were fabricated by using the laboratory dry-wet spinning method. In order to improve the pore structure of the polymer membrane, 3 wt. % of (PVP) of 8000 M.W. was added in the dope solution. All the fabricated PES hollow fiber membranes were characterized using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the contact angle. The HFM’s performance was evaluated in terms of dye rejection, by using Direct Red 80 dye as substitute of organic dye in wastewater. The results ed that the membrane with higher weight percentage of PES polymer (20 % PES) had thicker separation layer, smoother membrane surface and uniform like pore structures. The membrane with the higher weight percentage of polymer (20% PES) had higher dye rejection percentage (67.33%) and higher permeate flux (10.024 L/m2h) compared to 16 wt. % and 18 wt. %. The results of this study revealed that the weight percentage of polymer in the membrane did affect the membrane properties and its performance.
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Alvi, Muhammad Azeem U. R., Muhammad Waqas Khalid, Nasir M. Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal K. Niazi, Muhammad Nabeel Anwar, Mehwish Batool, Waqas Cheema, and Sikandar Rafiq. "Polymer Concentration and Solvent Variation Correlation with the Morphology and Water Filtration Analysis of Polyether Sulfone Microfiltration Membrane." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8074626.
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Microfiltration flat sheet membranes of polyether sulfone (PES) were fabricated by incorporating varying concentrations of polymer and investigated the influence of substituting solvents. The membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation method. Different solvents that included NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), DMF (dimethylformamide), and THF (tetrahydrofuran) were used to analyse their effect on the performance and morphology of the prepared membranes. Two different coagulation bath temperatures were used to investigate the kinetics of membrane formation and subsequent effect on membrane performance. The maximum water flux of 141 ml/cm2.h was observed using 21% of PES concentration in NMP + THF cosolvent system. The highest tensile strength of 29.15 MPa was observed using membrane prepared with 21% PES concentration in NMP as solvent and coagulation bath temperature of 25°C. The highest hydraulic membrane resistance was reported for membrane prepared with 21% PES concentration in NMP as solvent. Moreover, the lowest contact angle of 67° was observed for membrane prepared with 15% of PES concentration in NMP as solvent with coagulation bath temperature of 28°C. Furthermore, the Hansen solubility parameter was used to study the effect on the thermodynamics of membrane formation and found to be in good correlation with experimental observation and approach in the present work.
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Wai, Kok Poh, Chai Hoon Koo, Yean Ling Pang, Woon Chan Chong, and Woei Jye Lau. "Synthesizing Ag/PDA/PES Antibacterial Membrane for Natural Organic Molecules Removal." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186505023.
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Silver nanoparticles (NP) was successfully immobilized on polydopamine (PDA) supported polyethersulfone (PES) membrane via a redox reaction. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added into membrane dope solution as a pore-forming agent. Four pieces of membranes (M1, M2, M3 and M4) were fabricated with different active layer coatings to compare their morphological and performance properties. The differences between each sample were highlighted as follow: M1 (pristine PES), M2 (PES+PVP), M3 (PDA/PES+PVP) and M4 (Ag/PDA/PES+PVP). All membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and contact angle analysis. The membrane performance was examined using pure water permeability (PWP) test, antibacterial test and humic acid (HA) rejection test. Pristine M1 membrane showed that PWP of 27.16 LMH/bar and HA rejection of 84 %. In this study, it was found that the addition of PVP as a pore agent into the membrane M2 increased water flux but slightly deteriorated HA rejection. Coating of PDA on M3 and immobilizing silver NP on M4 membrane surface have improved HA rejection but compromised PWP. The results showed that membrane M4 carried excellent antibacterial property and highest HA rejection among all fabricated membranes.
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Chen, Yifeng, Jingchuan Dang, Yatao Zhang, Haoqin Zhang, and Jindun Liu. "Preparation and antibacterial property of PES/AgNO3 three-bore hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): 1519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.023.
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In this study, a three-bore polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with antibacterial properties was prepared by phase inversion, using PES as the membrane material, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and AgNO3 as additives. The silver particles were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of AgNO3 content on the antibacterial properties and separation performance was studied in detail. The membranes showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli after adding AgNO3 and the antibacterial rate of PES/AgNO3 UF membrane with AgNO3 content of 1 wt% could reach 99.9% after running for 48 hours. Moreover, the bovine serum albumin solution filtration results indicated that the PES/AgNO3 membranes had a certain degree of antifouling performance. Therefore, three-bore PES/AgNO3 membranes have a potential application to reduce both bacterial and organic fouling in water treatment.
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Al-Furaiji, Mustafa, Jason T. Arena, Jian Ren, Nieck Benes, Arian Nijmeijer, and Jeffrey R. McCutcheon. "Triple-Layer Nanofiber Membranes for Treating High Salinity Brines Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation." Membranes 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9050060.
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A composite, three-layered membrane for membrane distillation was prepared from electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers supported by commercial polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber based nonwoven from E.I. duPont de Nemours company (DuPont). The membranes were tested in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) using a 5.0 M sodium chloride brine as a feed solution. The triple layer membrane combines the hydrophobicity of PVDF and the robustness of the PES. The triple layer membrane demonstrated excellent performance in DCMD (i.e., relatively high water flux compared to the commercial PVDF membrane and a complete salt rejection of the brine) with mechanical properties imparted by the PES layer. This work is the first to demonstrate the use of a commercially produced nanofiber nonwoven for membrane distillation.
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Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko, Budiyono Qudratun, Dani Puji Utomo, Iqbal Ryan Ramadhan, and Indriyanti. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hybrid Membrane PES-TiO2 for Biogas Purification: Combination Effect of Ultra Violet and Cross-Linking." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815608006.
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One of the alternative energy offered and can be used as a substitute for fossil energy is renewable energy. Examples of renewable energy are very abundant and can be developed in Indonesia is biogas. Biogas mostly contain CH4 and CO2. Membrane separation is one of the most suitable process to make biogas more pure. So, it must be advanced to improve the membrane performance. The objectives of the current research are to investigate the effect of combined UV irradiation and cross linking on nano hybrid membrane PES-TiO2 on their performance to separate CO2 that contain in biogas. The nano hybrid membrane PES-TiO2 was fabricated by preparing the dope solution containing PES, NMP as solvent, and nano TiO2. The membrane was casted by using NIPS method, with expose under UV lights for 1, 2, 3 min and followed by immersion in acetone-ethanol mixture for 24 hours. UV irradiation and cross linking treatments increased the selectivity and permeability of nano hybrid membrane PES-TiO2 on CO2/CH4 gas separation. The effect either UV irradiation or cross linking addition, make the void larger than before, so the selectivity and permeability can increase. With the addition of cross linking ethanol-acetone solution can reduce agglomeration in the membrane. The combination of UV irradiation and cross linking treatments can increase significantly in nano hybrid membrane PES-TiO2 performance for CO2/CH4 gas separation.
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Ming, Shanxiu, Shuyi Li, Zhe Chen, Xujun Chen, Feifei Wang, Shaonan Deng, Krystian Marszałek, Zhenzhou Zhu, Wenxiang Zhang, and Francisco J. Barba. "Bioinspired Lipase Immobilized Membrane for Improving Hesperidin Lipophilization." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101906.
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Lipophilization is a promising way to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids. However, the traditional enzymatic esterification methods are time-consuming, and present low yields and purity. Herein, a novel membrane-based lipophilization technology—bioinspired lipase immobilized membranes (BLIMs), including CAL-B@PES, CAL-B@PDA/PES and GA/CAL-B@PDA/PES— were fabricated to improve the antioxidant flavanone glycoside hesperidin lipophilization. Via reverse filtration, PDA coating and GA crosslinking, Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) was stably immobilized on membrane to fabricate BLIMs. Among the three BLIMs, GA/CAL-B@PDA/PES had the greatest enzyme activity and enzyme loading, the strongest tolerance of changes in external environmental conditions (temperatures, pH, heating time, storage time and numbers of cycles) and the highest hesperidin esterification efficiency. Moreover, the optimal operating condition for GA/CAL-B@PDA/PES fabrication was the CAL-B concentration of 0.36 mg/mL, operation pressure of 2 bar, GA concentration of 5% and crosslinking time of 1 h. Afterwards, the hesperidin esterification process did not affect the micromorphology of BLIM, but clearly improved the BLIM permeability and esterified product efficiency. The present study reveals the fabrication mechanism of BLIMs and offers insights into the optimizing strategy that governs the membrane-based lipophilization technology process.